Metode Numerice Tema nr.

III




Analiza comportrii barelor drepte prin metode numerice
(Grinzi solicitate la ncovoiere M.E.F.)

Pentru grinda solicitat la ncovoiere din figur se cere s se determine prin metoda elementelor
finite :



a)deplasrile i rotirile nodurilor;
b)reaciunile barei i verificrile lor;
c)eforturile din noduri i trasarea diagramelor de fore tietoare i de moment;
e)rezultatele obinute prin calculul manual se vor verifica folosind un program de calcul(BEAM).

Date numerice :

l=2m
E=2*10
7
kN/m
2
q=1,9kN/m
I=47*10
-5
m
4


Etape de calcul in Metoda Elementelor Finite


1)Stabilirea modelului structural discretizat cu numar finit de grade de libertate

Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


2
a)Discretizarea barei n m=3 tronsoane (elemente finite) interconectate n n=4 puncte nodale
(noduri);numerotarea nodurilor si a elementelor finite.

b)ntr-un sistem de axe general(global) XYZ,fiecrui nod i se acord cte dou grade de libertate
care corespund deplasrii liniare a nodului dup axa Z i rotirii n jurul axei Y.Cu aceste deplasri
se alctuiete vectorul deplasrilor nodale { } D i,n coresponden biunivoc cu acesta vectorul
forelor nodale concentrate n nodurile stucturii { } P :
{ } { }
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 2
3 2 3
4 2 4
5 5 3
2
6 6 3
7 7 4 4
8
4 8
0
0
/ 2
0
V
V
D R w
F
D M F
D w ql F
D F
D P
F D w
F D ql
F D w R
F
D
u
u
u
u







= = =
` ` ` `

) ) ) )


2)Analiza elementului finit pentru a obine modelul numeric elemental

| |{ } { } { }
e e e e
k d S Q = +

Elementul finit unidimensional tip bar solicitat la ncovoiere este raportat la sistemul de referin
local XYZ,avnd n fiecare capt cte dou grade de libertate.





Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


3
2
1 1
2 2
1 1
3
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
12 6 12 6
6 4 6 2
12
12 6 12 6
2 6 2 6 4
12
e e
e e e e
e
e e e e
e e e
e e e e
ql
l l w Q
ql
l l l l M
E I
k d Q S
l l w Q ql l
l l l l M
ql
u
u
(

(
(
( ( (
(
( ( (
(

( ( (
= = = =
(
( ( (
(

( ( (
(

(
(
(


Analiznd fiecare element finit avem :

Elementul 1

| |
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 1
1 3 3 3
1 1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 24
6 4 6 2 12 16 12 8 24 32 24 16
2
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 24
6 2 6 4 12 8 12 16 24 16 24 32
l l
l l l l
E I EI EI
k
l l l l l
l l l l
( ( (
( ( (

( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (



{ }
1
1
1
2
2
w
d
w
u
u
(
(
(
=
(
(

; { }
1
0
0
0
0
Q
(
(
(
=
(
(



Elementul 2

| |
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0 2
2 3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18
6 4 6 2 12 16 12 8 18 24 18 12
1, 5
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18
6 2 6 4 12 8 12 16 18 12 18 24
l l
l l l l
E I EI EI
k
l l l l l
l l l l
( ( (
( ( (

( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (



{ }
2
2
2
3
3
w
d
w
u
u
(
(
(
=
(
(

; { }
2
0
0
0
0
Q
(
(
(
=
(
(



Elementul 3

| |
3 3
2 2
3 3 3 3
3 0 0
3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2
3 3 3 3
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
6 4 6 2 12 16 12 8 12 16 12 8
12 6 12 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
6 2 6 4 12 8 12 16 12 8 12 16
l l
l l l l
EI EI EI
k
l l l l l
l l l l
( ( (
( ( (

( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (




Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


4
{ }
3
3
3
4
4
w
d
w
u
u
(
(
(
=
(
(

; { }
2
3
2
2
12
2
12
ql
ql
Q
ql
ql
(

(
(
(

(
=
(
(

(
(
(
(




3)Asamblarea elementelor finite pentru a obine modelul numeric structural

a)Pe baza incidenei componentelor fiecrui vector { } ( ) m e d
e
,....., 3 , 2 , 1 = cu componentele
vectorului { } D , se realizeaz expandarea relaiilor fizice elementale respective la dimensiunile
vectorului { } D :
{ } { } { } e e e
k D S Q ( = +


Expandarea se face prin adugarea de linii i coloane nule corespunztor gradelor de libertate care
nu aparin elementului finit analizat:
| |
1
0 0
1 3 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
24 24 24 24 0 0 0 0 1
24 32 24 16 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0
24 24 24 24 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 5
24 24 24 24 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
k
EI EI
k
l l
(
(

(
(
( (
(
(

(
(
( = =

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(




| |
0 0
2 2 3 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0
1
0 0 18 18 18 18 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0
2
0 0 18 24 18 12 0 0 4
0 0 0 0
0 0 18 18 18 18 0 0 5
7
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 18 18 18 18 0 0 6
8
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
EI EI
k k
l l
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(
(
( = =

(
(
(
(

(
(

(
(
(



Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


5
| |
0 0
3 3 3
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 12 12 12 12 5
0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 12 16 12 8 6
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 12 12 12 12 7
0 0 0 0 12 8 12 16 8
EI EI
k
l l
k
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
( = =

(
(
(
(

(
(
(

(
(


{ }
3
2
2
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
/ 2 5
/12 6
/ 2 7
/12 8
Q
ql
ql
ql
ql
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(

(
(

(
(



b)Sumarea relaiilor fizice elementale expandate pentru a obine relaia fizic
structural:
| |{ } { } { } { } K F P Q A = = + unde:

| |
0
3
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
24 24 24 24 0 0 0 0 1
24 32 24 16 0 0 0 0 2
24 24 42 6 18 18 0 0 3
24 16 6 56 18 12 0 0 4
0 0 18 18 30 6 12 8 5
0 0 18 12 6 40 12 8 6
0 0 0 0 12 12 12 12 7
0 0 0 0 12 8 12 16 8
m
e
e
EI
K k
l
=
(
(

(
(
(

(
( = =

(

(

(
(

(
(

{ }
{ }
1
2
2
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
4
/ 2
5
/12 6
/ 2 7
8
/12
m
e
e
Q Q
ql
ql
ql
ql
=






= =
`

4)Introducerea condiiilor la limit (de rezemare) ale structurii

a)Rearanjarea relaiei fizice structurale pentru a pune n eviden necunoscutele


Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


6
{ } { } { }
2
3
2
4
3
5
2
3
6
8
8
1
1
2
1
7
4
0
3 3
0 0
4 4
0
5 5
/ 2 6 6
0 8 8
1 1 0
2 2
0
7 7
0
n n
r r
V
V
w ql
D
D
ql w
D
D P ql D
D P Q
D D P
D
R
D
M
D
R
u
u
u












= = = = =
` ` ` ` `

) )




)
) )


2
2
3
4
/ 2
5
/12 6
8 /12
1
0
2
0
7
/ 2
nn n nr r n n n
nn nr n n n
rn rr r r r
rn n rr r r r r
ql
ql
ql
K D K D P Q D
K K D P Q
K K D P Q
K D K D P Q P

+ = +
(

= +
` ` `
(
+ = + ) ) )

0
3
3 4 5 6 8 1 2 7
42 6 18 18 0 24 24 0 3
6 56 18 12 0 24 16 0 4
18 18 30 6 12 0 0 12 5
18 12 6 40 8 0 0 12 6
0 0 12 8 16 0 0 12 8
24 24 0 0 0 24 24 0 1
24 16 0 0 0 24 32 0 2
0 0 12 12 12 0 0 12 7
nn nr
rn rr
K K
EI
K
l
K K
(
(

(
(
(
(

(
(
( = =

(
(
(

(
(

(
(



b)Condiiile de rezemare pentru reazeme fixe (deplasri blocate) { } 0
r
D =

| |{ } { } { } ( )
| |{ } { } { } ( )
4.1
4.2
nn n n n
rn n r r
K D P Q
K D P Q
= +

= +

5)Rezolvarea sistemului de ecuaii matriceale i determinarea deplasrilor i reaciunilor
structurii

a)Deplasrile nodale i rotirile structurii (din relaia 4.1)

| |{ } { } { } ( )
nn n n n
K D P Q = +
Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


7
3
4
0
5 3
2 2
6
2
8
42 6 18 18 0 0
6 56 18 12 0 0 0
18 18 30 6 12 0 / 2
18 12 6 40 8 / 2 /12
0 0 12 8 16 0 /12
D ql
D
EI
D ql
l
D ql ql
D ql
| | (
|
(

|
(

|
( = +
` ` `
|
(


|
(

|
(

) ) ) \ .


3
4
0
5 3
6
8
42 6 18 18 0 3.8 0
6 56 18 12 0 0 0
[ , ] 18 18 30 6 12 0 1.9
18 12 6 40 8 3.8 0.6333
0 0 12 8 16 0 0.6333
D
D
EI
D KN m
l
D
D
| | (
|
(

|
(

|
( = +
` ` `
|
(


|
(

|
(

) ) ) \ .


{ }
2 3
2 4
3
3
5 3
0
6 3
8 4
-0.3435 0.4037
-0.2210 0.2597
-0.6227 10 ; [ ] 0.7316
-0.0744 0.0874
0.5379 0.6320
n
w D
D
l
D D w m
EI
D
D
u
u
u

= = = = -
` ` ` `

) ) ) )


b)Reaciunile structurii(din relaia 4.2)
{ } | |{ } { }
r rn n r
P K D Q = :
3
1 4
0
1 5 3
4 6
8
24 24 0 0 0 0
24 16 0 0 0 0
0 0 12 12 12 / 2
V
V
D
R D
EI
M D
l
R D ql
D


(


(
=
` ` `
(

(
) )


)

1
3
0
1 3
0
4
0.4037
24 24 0 0 0 0 0.2597
24 16 0 0 0 0 [ , ] 0.7316
0 0 12 12 12 1.9 0.0874
0.6320
V
V
R
EI l
M KN m
l EI
R


(


(
=
` ` `
(

(
) )


)

{ }
1
1
4
3.4555
5.5330 [ , ]
4.1445
V
r
V
R
P M KN KNm
R


= =
` `

) )


6)Determinarea eforturilor

{ } | |{ } { }
e e e e
Eforturile S k d Q =

{ } | |{ } { }
1 1 1 1
1 e S k d Q = =
Metode Numerice Tema nr.III


8
1
3
1
0
3
2 0
2
24 24 24 24 0 3.4555
24 32 24 16 0 5.5330
; [ , ]
24 24 24 24 0.4037 3.4555
24 16 24 32 0.2597 1.3780
Q
M
EI l
KN KNm
Q l EI
M
(
(

(
= =
` ` `
(

(


) ) )


{ } | |{ } { }
2 2 2 2
2 e S k d Q = =
2
3
2
0
3
3 0
3
18 18 18 18 0.4037 0.3445
18 24 18 12 0.2597 1.3780
; [ , ]
18 18 18 18 0.7316 0.3445
18 12 18 24 0.0874 0.6890
Q
M
EI l
KN KNm
Q l EI
M
(
(


(
= =
` ` `
(

(


) ) )


{ } | |{ } { }
3 3 3 3
3 e S k d Q = =
3
3
3
0
3
4 0
4
12 12 12 12 0.7316 1.9 0.3445
12 16 12 8 0.0874 0.6333 4.4890
; [ ,
12 12 12 12 0 1.9 4.1445
12 8 12 16 0.6320 0.6333 0.0000
Q
M
EI l
KN
Q l EI
M
(
(


(
= =
` ` ` `
(

(


) ) ) )
] KNm