Dmjj wdKn

wdKn kvi gjbxwZ

gj

kvn Ave`j nvbvb

Abev`

W. Iqvwmg nK

Dmjj wdKn
wdKn kvi gjbxwZ
fwgKv

gj: kvn Ave`j nvbvb

Abev`: W. Iqvwmg nK

w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm-Gi c _K GB Mi Abev` cKvk

KiZ ci Avgiv LeB Avb` eva KiwQ| gj eBqi bvg Dmjj
wdKn hvi A_ Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm Ges Drm _K AvBb cYqbi
cwZmgn| kvn Ave`j nvbvb Dmjj wdKn-Gi vbi cqvRbxqZv
G M Ki eYbv KiQb|
kvn Ave`j nvbvb wek eQiiI AwaK mgq ai Dmjj wdKni Dci
covbv KiQb| G msv KqKwU KvwmK I AvawbK eB chvjvPbv
KiQb hvi DjL gj M cvIqv hve| wZwb Dcgnv`ki AbZg
KqKRb jLKi eB chvjvPbv KiQb hviv gj Dmjj wdKni Dci
BsiwRZ eB wjLQb| cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm Bmjvgx kwiqvni
wewaweavb mfve Abaveb Kivi Rb kvn Ave`j nvbvbi Usul al Fiqh
(Islamic Jurisprudence) BsiwR eBwUi evsjvq Abev` cKvk KiQ|

cKvkK

Avng` nvmb gvwbK

eKgvvi
107 bqvcb, XvKv 1000
dvb: 01678 111105
bookmasterdhaka@gmail.com

M^Z

w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm
cKvkKvj

bf^i 2015
cQ`

eBwU BsiwR _K evsjvq Abev` KiQb MelK I jLK W. Iqvwmg

nK| eBwUi gj jLK kvn Ave`j nvbvb Abev`wU `L w`qQb|
Z`cwi wZbRb kwiqvn wekl W. nvib Avi ikx`, cfvlK gnv`
wmivRj gvIjv Ges Rbve gvLjQi ingvb, mUvj kwiqvn evWi
mveK mUvwi Rbvij hZ mnKvi `L w`qQb hvZ eBwUZ
Kvbv cKvi bxwZMZ fj bv _vK| Rbve nvib Avi ikx` `Ie`
gv`ivmv _K BdZv (dZvqv wefvM) wekl wnme mevP wWwM ARb
Kib Ges cieZxZ AvwjMo wekwe`vjq _K wcGBPwW jvf Kib|
AvRvwZK Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq PMvg (XvKv Kvvm)-Gi cfvlK
gnv` wmivRj gvIjv Kvwgj (c_g kwY), XvKv wekwe`vjq _K weG
(Abvm) c_g kwY, GgG (Aviwe) c_g kwYZ c_g| Abw`K
gvLjQi ingvb gvvm wWwM jvf Kivi ci wewfb evsKi kwiqvn
evW KvR Kib| wZwb ek KqK eQi ai `ki mKj Bmjvgx
evsKmgni cwZwbwaZkxj msMVb mUvj kwiqvn evW-Gi mUvwi
Rbvij wQjb| GB eB cKvk Ab hviv Mfxi cwikg KiQb Zv`i
ga iqQ cvBIwbqvii mveK mUvwi Rbvij Kwe Igi wekvm|

wRqv kvgm
g`Y

w` wcUgvvi
dvb: 01813 164815
theprintmaster2000@gmail.com

gj

`BkZ UvKv
AvBGmweGb
978-984-33-2353-X

Usulul Fiqh by Shah Abdul Hannan. Translated by Dr. Washim Haque.

Published by Bookmaster, 107 Nayapaltan, Dhaka 1000. 2nd Edition:
November, 2015. Price: Tk 200.00 / USD 10.00

G QvovI cvBIwbqvii Abvb mnKgxivI G evcvi Ae`vb iLQb|

DjL h, BsiwR eB _K Abev` Kivq bvbvwea fj-wU _vKv
A^vfvweK bq| Kvbv cKvi fj-wU Avgv`iK AewnZ Kij cieZx
msiY Zv mskvab Kivi Pv Kiev|

mwPc

Avgiv evsjv`ki wewk ewRxex kvn Ave`j nvbvb-Gi BsiwR eBwUi

Abev` cKvk KiZ ci Avjvni Kwiqv Av`vq KiwQ|

Dmjj wdKn t wdKn kvi gjbxwZ /00

KiAvb /00
mbvn /00
KiAvb I mbvni evLv /00
Av`k, wblavv Ges i` /00
BRgv /00
wKqvm /00
Bmjvgx kwiqvn ceeZx cZvw` AvBb /00
mvnvwe`i dZvqv /00
BmwZnmvb /00
gvmjvnv gimvjvn /00
Did Ges BmwZmnve /00
mv` Avj hvivB /00
Kg kviC /00
ZvAvi /00
BRwZnv` /00
Mcw /00

mfvcwZ
gv: nvweei ingvb
w` cvBIwbqvi|
15.11.2015

Lvwj

Dmjj wdKn
wdKn kvi gjbxwZ
cv_wgKfve ejv hvq Dmjj wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm ev
wfw wbq AvjvPbv Ki| Aek bij Avbvqvi M jLK kL
Avng` Beb Ave mvC` (whwb gvjv wihIqvb bvg LvZ Ges mgvU
AvIiRei MnwkK) DjL Kib h, GK`j AvBbwe`i gZ Dmjj
wdKn Bmjvgx AvBb I AvBbi Drm `Uv welq wbqB AvjvPbv Ki|
Dmjj wdKn [Dmj (
) njv AvQj (
)-Gi eePb] njv Bmjvgx
AvBbi wfw| GB kvi gvag Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm _K AvBb
cYqbi cwZ evLv Kiv nq| GB A_ Dmj njv cwZ Ges wdKn
njv Gi DcRvZ ev dj| mZivs Dmjj wdKn njv Bmjvgx AvBb ev
kwiqvni gjbxwZ (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)|
Dmj wdKn Bmjvgx AvBbi cv_wgK Drm KiAvb I mbvn wbq
AvjvPbv Kiv nq| A_vr Dmj KiAvb I mbvni ewk wbq chvjvPbv
Ki Ges KiAvb I mbvn _K AvBb cYqb cwZ eYbv Ki| AvBb
cYqb cwZ evLv KiZ Dmj KiAvb I mbvni wewfb k weklfve
Ges Aviwe fvlv mvaviYfve chvjvPbv Ki _vK|
Dmjj wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi gvawgK Drm wbqI
chvjvPbv Ki _vK| hgb
BRgv ( mwZ),
wKqvm (
mv`kZvi AvjvK wmv MnY),
BmwZnmvb (
AvBbMZ cvavb) Ges
BRwZnv` (
MelYv I hwi cqvM)|
AvBb cYqbi GmKj gvawgK Drm Aek cZ ev civfve KiAvb
I mbvni Dci wbfikxj| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, wKqvmi wZbwU gj
Dcv`vb AvQj (gj NUbv), Kg (AvQji cwZ ivq) Ges Bjvn
(KvhKi KviY) cv_wgK Drmi Dci wbfikxj| Dmjj wdKn Bmjvgx

AvBb msv Abvb cqvRbxq welqvw` wbqI AvjvPbv Ki _vK|

hgb AvBbi Dci c_vi cfve wKsev AvBbi Drm wnme c_vi fwgKv,
Bmjvgx AvBbi iZi w`K _K i webvm njv:
diR ( ),
IqvwRe (
),
gv`e (
),
nvivg ( ) Ges
gvKin (
)|
Dmji KwZcq cK wevwiZfve Aviwe fvlvi evKiY AvjvwPZ nq
_vK| wbtm`n ejv Pj Bmjvgx AvBbwe``i (&DmwjDb) Rb Aviwe
fvlvi vb I evKiY Rvbv AZvekKxq Ze GwU Dmji welqe bq|
Dmj cvV _KB Avgiv RvbZ cvwi, KiAvb I mbvnmn mKj gvawgK
Drmi evLv cwZ, eZgvb I AZxZKvji Bmjvgx wekl`i Dmj
welq gbvfve, wKqvmi gvag c` ivqi weeiY, BRwZnv`i Abvb
cwZ, Bmjvgx AvBb Ges AvBbwelqK ZvwK welqvw`i weKvk msv
BwZnvm| Dmj cvVi gvag Gme welq vZ GKRb ew Bmjvgx
AvBb cqvMi mPZb _vKe| G ew hgb AZxZi
AvBbwe``i iwPZ cwZ mK kvkxj _vKe Zgwb eZgvbi bZb
eveZvi AvjvK AvBb cYqb I evLvi evcviI mPZb ne| m
ZLb AmPZb K_v I KvR _K weiZ _vKe| Dmjj wdKn-Gi gj
j njv BRwZnv`K wbqY Kiv Ges AvBbwe``i AvBbi Drmmgn
_K AvBb cYqb c_ c`kb Kiv|
Bgvg kvwdCK Dmjj wdKn ev wdKn vbi RbK ejv hZ cvi|
K_vwU GB A_ mZ h, Dmjj wdKni gjbxwZjv Bgvg kvwdC c_g
cYvjxefve web Kib| Bgvg kvwdCi cei AvBbwe`iv bxwZi
AvjvKB AvBb cYqb KiZb Ze m mKj bxwZ GKwZ Ges mweb
wQj bv| Bgvg kvwdCi ci cPi we ew Dmj cvVi evcvi Ae`vb
iLQb| Zv`i ga DjLhvM njb, Avej nvmvb Avj evmwi
(BKvj 436 wn.), Bgvg Avj nvivgvBb Avj RqvBwb (BKvj 487
wn.), Ave nvwg` Avj Mvvwj (BKvj 505 wn.), dLiwb Avj ivwR
(BKvj 606 wn.), mvBdwb Avj Avwgw` (), Avej nvmvb Avj
KviwL (BKvj 349 wn.), dLiwb Avj evR`vIwq (BKvj 483
wn.), Ave evKvi Avj Rvmmvm (BKvj 370 wn.), mv`i Avj kvwiqvn

(BKvj 747 wn.), ZvRDwb Avj mewK (BKvj 771 wn.) Ges Bgvg
Avj kvwZwe () cgL|
cv_wgKfve Dmj cvVi `Uv aviv weKvk jvf Ki ZvwK I Avivnx|
ZvwK cwZi weKvk NU Bgvg kvwdCi gvag whwb mmsefve
KwZcq bxwZ cYqb Kib Ges Zvi wfwZ BRwZnv` Kib Ges dZvqv
`b| Abw`K cv_wgK nvbvdx cwZMY KiAvb I mbvni wfwZ
dZvqv `b Ges m me dZvqvq hme bxwZ AbmiY Kiv nqwQj Zvi
wfwZ Dmj cYqb Kib| hvnvK, cieZx cwZMY `Uv avivK
mgw^Z Kib Ges eZgvb GB mgw^Z aviv cPwjZ iqQ|

KiAvbi a A_ ( gvbv) wKsev a cvV ev Text ( bvRg)

KiAvb bq| Bmjvgx AvBbwe`MY G evcvi mZ nqQb h A_ I
cvVi mgwB KiAvb|
KiAvb bvwRj nqQ avc avc (KiAvb, 17:106) Ges avivevwnKfve
(KiAvb, 25:32)| Iwni avivevwnK AeZiY ( ) IwnK `qg
KiZ I gL KiZ mnvqZv KiQ| mKj Bmjvgx wekl mgM
KiAvbi weZvi evcviI HKgZ cvlY KiQb|
KiAvbi enr Ask bvwRj nqQ gvZ (30 fvMi cvq 19 fvM) Ges
evwK Ask gw`bvZ| gvq bvwRjKZ AvqvZmgn ewYZ nqQ GK
AvjvnZ wekvm, Awekvmx`i mv_ weiva, mZi w`K Awekvmx`i
cwZ Avnvb BZvw` welqmgn| wK gw`bvq AeZxY mivmgn
DcivwjwLZ welqvw`i AwZwi cwievi, mgvR, A_bxwZ, `Iqvwb I
dR`vwi `wewa BZvw` welqK AvBbx aviv AvjvwPZ nqQ| Kvbv
miv hw` c_g gvq bvwRj nq Ges Gi Abvb AvqvZmgn cieZxZ
hw` gw`bvZI bvwRj nq _vK mB mivK gx miv ejv ne| Avi Kvb
miv gx Ges KvbwU gv`vbx Zv wbicY Kiv nqQ mvnvwe I Zvewqb`i
eYbvi cwZ|
wewfb wnmve _K `Lv hvq KiAvb cvq 500wU AvBb msv welqvw`
weeZ nqQ| GmKj wewaweavb msv AvqvZ e nqQ wZKviK
c_v hgb wk nZv, m`, Rqv, mxgvnxb eweevn, wZciY, gwjK
Bev`Z bvgvR, ivRv, nR, RvKvZ BZvw` cm| Aviv ewYZ
nqQ `vb, kc_, weevn, ZvjvK, BZ, gvni, fiYcvlY, wki
cwZcvjb, `acvb, wcZZ, DivwaKvi Ges nev msv welqvw`|
GQvovI AvQ eemvwqK Av`vbc`vb hgb q, weq, avi, eK, abxMwiei gvS mK, bvqwePvi, mv, h Ges kvw BZvw` welq|
Rvwb ( AbgvbMZ) Ges KvZC (
wbwZ) `BwU welq Dmj
cvV AvjvPbv nq| KvZC Ges Rvwb aviYvwU AvjvwPZ nqQ cvV
(Text) Ges cvVi A_ evSvZ| KiAvbi mg cvVB KvZC, A_vr
KiAvbi eYbv m`nvZxZ| KiAvbi evBi Avi h cvVK KvZCi
ghv`v `qv nq Zv njv gZvIqvwZi nvw`m Ges mbvn| Abvb nvw`m Ges
BRwZnv` Rvwb chvqf|
KvZC: KiAvbi hmKj cvV m k AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv
(
) weeZ nqQ Ges ki GKwU gv A_ enb Ki GmKj
cvVK A_MZ w`K _KI KvZC ej weePbv Kiv nq|

KiAvb
Dmji KwZcq civbv ^xKZ M (hgb kL Avng` Beb Ave mvC`
iwPZ bij Avbvqvi ev kL Avej evivKvZ Beb Avng` bvmvwd iwPZ
gvbvi Mq) Dmji ewkifvM Ask nQ wKZvejvn A_vr KiAvb
wkivbvgi Aaxb| G wkivbvgi Aaxb AvjvwPZ welqmgn njv
KiAvbi ki kwYwebvm (A_ev Aviwe fvlv), KiAvb I mbvni
evLvi cqvRb cqvRbxq Aviwe evKiY|
AvjvP M KiAvb Aavq Aviwe fvlv ev evKiY AvjvwPZ ne bv|
eis KwZcq AvawbK Dmj wekli Av`j evLvi cwZ GB
wkivbvgi Aaxb KiAvb I nvw`mi k evLv I kwYwebvmi cwZ
wbq AvjvPbv ne| AvMnx cvVKi cwZ Abiva iBj Zviv hb Aviwe
fvlv I evKiY wfbfve cvV Ki bq| AvjvP cwiQ` KiAvbi
KwZcq ewk I Gi fwgKv wbq chvjvPbv Kiv ne|
KiAvb njv Ggb M hv Avjvni evYx wnme ivmj gvnv` (m.)-Gi
wbKU bvwRj nqQ| KiAvb gvU 114wU Amg AvqZbi miv iqQ
Ges mivwji mwP welqvbmvi web bq| Avjvni evYx ev Iwn `B
cKvi| h_v Iwn Rvwni Ges Iwn evwZb|
Iwn Rvwni (
cKvk Iwn): KiAvb cKvk Iwni (Iwn Rvwni)
mgw hv Avjvni fvlvq gvbli mv_ Zvi mivmwi hvMvhvM|
Iwn evwZb (
AcKvk Iwn): Iwn evwZb (AcKvk Iwn) Iwn
Rvwni _K wfb GB A_ h Iwn evwZb AbciYvwfwK| ivmj (m.)Gi nvw`m Iwn evwZb chvqf|
nvw`m K`wm: hLvb AvjvnK ivmj (m.) DZ KiQb, hv KiAvbi
chvqf bq, cKZc GmKj nvw`mi mb` (nvw`m eYbvKvix`i
AvbwgK) h_v_ wKbv Zv hvPvB mvc welq| hw` mb` (AvbwgK)
`ej _vK Ze nvw`mwU `ej ej weewPZ ne hw`I nvw`mwU nvw`m
K`wm chvqf nq| GwU DjL Kiv cqvRb h ivmj (m.) nvw`m K`wm
I Abvb nvw`mi ga cv_K wbicY Kib wb|

Rvwb: hv KvZCi msvi ga co bv Zv-B Rvwb| KvZC Ges Rvwbi

iZ wbfi Ki AvwK`vMZ welqi Ges AvnKvgMZ welqvejxi
iwebvm diR (
), IqvwRe (
), mbvn ( ), nvivg ( ),
gvKin (
) BZvw`| AvwK`v (
) ev wekvm msv welqvejx
wbavwiZ nq KvZC cvV I KvZC A_i mg^q| GKRb ew Kvdi ej
weewPZ ne hw` m KiAvbi KvZC cvVK A_ev gZvIqvwZi mbvnK
A^xKvi Kib, Ab_vq bq| GKBfve diRI wbavwiZ nq KvZC cvV
I cvVi KvZC A_ mnKvi (`e: cwiQ` 17, W. nvwkg Kvgvwj,
wcwcjm Ae BmjvwgK RwimcW)|
KiAvbi AwaKvsk cvV A_MZ w`K _K KvZC| A_MZ w`K _K Rvwb
G iKg ki D`vniY miv wbmvi
(evbZKg Zvgv`i Kbviv)
k (KiAvb, 4:23) Ges miv gvq`vi (BqvbdvD wgbvj Avi`
cw_ex _K wbevmb) k| Gme k ev evKvsk ^ZtB m bq, ZvB
Gwj Rvwb|
KvZC I Rvwbi AvjvPbvq KiAvb I mbvn GK Acii cwiciK| h
Kvbv GKwU Rvwb AvqvZ KvZC ej cwiMwYZ nZ cvi Ab h Kvbv
GKwU KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC mbvni gvag| GKBfve Rvwb mbvn
KvZC mbvnZ cwiMwYZ nZ cvi Ab Kvbv KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC
mbvni mg_b|
hZ`i me KiAvwbK AvBbi en`sk evcK AvwK (Broader
Outlines) c`vb Kiv nqQ| ejv Pj Le Kg B KiAvb
wevwiZfve wewawbla eYbv KiQ| mZivs G msv AchvZv `i
KiZ Ges cqvRbxq evLvi Rb Avgv`iK AekB mbvn Ges
BRwZnv`i Dci wbfikxj nZ ne|
fveevi welq njv, AvnKvgi KvhKviY (Zvwjj
) wK Zv wbq
Abmvb Kivi Kvbv GLwZqvi Avgv`i AvQ wK bv? AwaKvsk Dmj
wekl`i gZ G welq a nv evaKB bq, AwaK BRwZnv`i
gvag Bmjvgx AvBbi AvawbKvqbi Rb AZxe RiwiI eU|
hvnvK, A msLK wekl gb Kib Zvwjj Abgvw`Z bq Ges GKB
hwZ wKqvmI mg_bxq bq| Ze GB avivi gZwU `ej Ges meZ
Zvwjji Dk bv evSvi KviYB G avivi mw nqQ| Ab AviKwU
weeP welq njv Avmeve Avj-bRj (
) AvqvZ bvwRji
cvcU| KiAvbi Kvbv AvBb Avmeve Avj-bRj viv mxgvwqZ bq|
Ze Avmeve Avj-bRj KiAvb I Gi AvBb eSZ mnvqZv Ki|

mbvn
Aviwe fvlvq mbvn ki kvwK A_ njv c`wP (beaten track) ev
AvPiYi cwZwZ aviv| Bmjvgce Avieiv mbvn k viv cvPxb A_ev
cPwjZ AbkvmbK eSvZv| nvw`mi Avjg`i gZ ivmj (m.) nZ
ewYZ ee, Kg Ges bxie mwZ GB wZbi mgwB njv mbvn| Dmj
ev AvBbkv AvBbi Drm wnme mbvn kwUi eenvi `Lv hvq|
D`vniY njv ivmj (m.)-Gi we`vq nR Ges gqvR Beb Rvjvj (iv.)K Bqvgb cvVvbvi eYbvq|
AvBbZ mbvn kwUi mPbv nq wnRwi c_g kZKi kl| DjL Kiv
`iKvi h wZxq kZKi klva Bgvg kvwdC mbvn kwU ivmj (m.)Gi mbvnZ mxgvwqZ Ki `b| Dmjj wdKnZ mbvnK kwiqvni wZxq
Drm wnme evSvbv nq KiAvbi ci hvi vb| wK wdKvni
Ijvgv`i KvQ mbvn ejZ cv_wgKfve kwiqZi mB AskK evSvq
hv Aek KiYxq chvqf bq, Ze Zv gv`e ev Abgvw`Z chvqf| G
welq Kg kiqx Aavq `Lb| wK kwiqZi Drm wnme mbvn Kvbv
wKQK IqvwRe, nvivg ev gvKin ej NvlYv KiZ cvi| mvaviY
eenvi mbvn Ges nvw`m Dfq kB ivmj (m.)-Gi AvPiYi mgv_K
wnme eeZ nq| mbvn Kvbv wKQ cwZvi Rb GKwU cgvY
(vn)| KiAvb mv `q h, mbvn Avjvni wbKU _K ciYvgjK
(KiAvb, 53:3)| KiAvb ivmj (m.)-K gvbZ wb`k KiQ (KiAvb,
4:59, 4:80, 33:36, 59:7)| ivmj (m.)-K wePviK gvbZ Avjvn
wekvmx`iK Av`k w`qQb|
GK aibi kwYwebvm Abhvqx mbvnK wZbfvM fvM Kiv hvq:
KvDwj ( ) gwLK DPviY,
dBwj ( ) eve Kg Ges
ZvKwiwi (
) bxie Abgv`b|
wewaMZ Ges AwewaMZ mbvn G `B fvMI mbvnK fvM Kiv hvq|

Avjevwb G welq DjLhvM Ae`vb iLQb| hviv AviweZ cvi`kx

Zviv Avjevwbi wjwLZ Mmgn `LZ cvib| Gi evBiI Gg Gg
AvRwg iwPZ vwWR Bb nvw`m g_WjwR `LZ cvib|
gZvIqvwZi (
) nvw`m cvq B aviYvMZfve KvZC wnme
weewPZ nq (
gZvIqvwZi wej gvbv)|
wKQ nvw`m AvQ hv Ai Ai gZvIqvwZi wnme weewPZ (
gZvIqvwZi wej jvdR)|
Aviv DjL Kiv `iKvi h gZvIqvwZi nvw`mi eYbvKvixi msLv AbK
nq _vK Ges AbK mgq Zviv wewfb jvKvjqi Awaevmx, ZvB wg_v
Dvebi mvebvI Kg| gZvIqvwZi nvw`mi kZmgn njv
1. AmsL eYbvKvix _vKe;
2. eYbv cZ vbi Dci wfw Ki ne;
3. eYbv fvlvMZ w`K w`q ev Bmjvgi gwjKZi w`K w`q
h_vh_ ne;
4. eYbv mgKvjxb Mvxq I ivRbwZK cfveg ne|
Dmji AwaKvsk Ijvgv`i gZ gZvIqvwZi nvw`mi KZZ KiAvbi
mgZj| gZvIqvwZi nvw`m (KvZC) Ges G nvw`mi A^xKwZ
KiAvb A^xKwZi mgZj|
gvki nvw`m ejZ evSvq h nvw`mi eYbvKvix wZbRb ev ZZvwaK
Ze AmsL bv, wK cieZxZ nvw`mwU ej AvjvwPZ nqQ| AwaKvsk
Avjg`i gZ gvki nvw`m GK aibi Avnv` ( ) nvw`m Ges G
cKvi nvw`m (KvZC) bq eis AbgvbgjK (hv AKvU vb c`vb
Ki bv)|
Avnv` nvw`m: AwaKvsk GKRb mvnvev KZK Gme nvw`m ewYZ
nqQ Ges `B-wZb cRbi AvM nvw`mjv cwiwPwZ cvq wb, hv Kvbv
vb `q bv| AwaKvsk AvBbwe`i gZ hw` Avnv` nvw`m GKRb
wek eYbvKvixi gvag ewYZ nq Ze nvw`mwU AvBbi wfw nZ cvi|
wKQ AvBb wekvi` hw`I Avnv` nvw`mi Dci wfw Ki kwiqvn weavb
`vbi gZvgZ w`qQb, Ze AvwK`v (Cgvb) Ges n` (
Bmjvgi `wewa) Avnv` nvw`mi Dci wfw Ki Mo DVZ cvi bv|
Bgvg gvwjK Ggb Kvbv Avnv` nvw`mi Dci Avv vcb Kib wb hv
gw`bvi cwZwZ c_vi wecixZ| AwaKvsk Bgvgi gZ bxwZMZfve
Avnv` nvw`mi KZZ ZLbB _vKe hw` Zv GKRb wek eYbvKvixi viv

wewaMZ mbvn ev mbvn ZvkwiBqv (

) ejZ GKRb bex, kvmK I
wePviK wnme ivmj (m.) KZK mKj ee I Kgi mgwK evSvq|
AwewaMZ mbvn ev mbvn Mvqi ZvkwiBqv (
) njv ivmj (m.)Gi Lv`vfvm, wb`vhvcb, cwiaq cvlvK-cwiQ` Ges Gic Abvb
AvPiY hv kwiqZi Ask ej weewPZ bq|
bij Avbvqvi bvgK Dmj M ivmj (m.)-Gi Gme KvhKjvcK
Afvm ( Av`Z) wnme DjL Kiv nqQ| wKQ wKQ AvPiY Aek
`Uv AskB co ej gb nZ cvi| GKRb hvM wekli cB
GB wefvRb Kiv me| AwaKvsk wekli gZ wPwKrmvwe`v, Kwlwe`v
BZvw` ckvMZ welq ewYZ mbvn kwiqvni Af bq| ivmj (m.)-Gi
mmKj K_v I KvR hv wekl Aevi mv_ mwKZ, hgb hKkj,
kcK wev Kivi Kkj, AvgYi mgqmwP, Aeiva A_ev
Aeiva Zj bqv GmKj mvgwqK Aevaxb welqvejx kwiqvnf bq|
Aviv wKQ welq AvQ hv a ivmj (m.)-Gi B chvR| hgb Zvi
xi msLv, gvni eZxZ weq, ivmj (m.)-Gi x`i cbweevn
wblavv| KiAvb I mbvni cKwZMZ wfbZv, mbvni h_v_Zv Ges mbvn
hnZ KiAvbi weZ evLv ZvB mbvni Dci AekB KiAvbi cvavb
_vKe| hw` KLbv Dfqi ga weiva `Lv `q Ze AekB KiAvb
cvavb cve| KLbvB mbvni AbKj KiAvb evwZj ne bv|
DjL Kiv `iKvi h, mbvn ewki fvM B KiAvbK mg_b Ki|
mbvn KiAvbi mvjvZ, RvKvZ, nR, m`, jb`b Gic Aviv AbK
welq AwaKZi evLv c`vb Ki Ges Zi Ki Zvj| mbvni
AviKwU Ask njv wfwgjK mbvn (
mbvn Avj gAvm&mvmvn)
A_vr h weavb mbvnZB Kej iqQ, hgb x I Zvi Lvjv ev ddK
GK weevn Kivi wblavv A_ev mwi cvK qi AwaKvi (dv)
BZvw`i DjL KiAvb cvIqv hvq bv| mbvn Avj gAvm&mvmvn KZK
c` wblavv I Zvi AwaKvii `v KiAvb DjL eZxZ mbvni
wfwZB nq _vK|
nvw`m kvi wekliv msMnxZ nvw`mK M vb `evi ce msMni
mgqB mKj nvw`mK wbixY Ki `LQb nvw`mmgni Bmbv`
(eYbvm) h_v_ wK bv Ges GB wbixvi wfwZ nvw`mmgnK mwnn
(
), nvmvb (
), RBd (
) ev `ej Ges gvIR () ev
evbvqvU GB Pvi fvM fvM KiQb|
GLbv nvw`m kvi cbtwbixv Pjgvb| eZgvb kZK bvwmiwb

ewYZ nq| AwaKvsk Avjg gb Kib bv h, Avnv` nvw`m e GKRb

_K AbRbi wbKU ewYZ nZ ne| Avnv` nvw`mi AvswkKI ewYZ
nZ cvi hw` ewYZ Ask mvgwMK nvw`mwUi mv_ mvsNwlK bv nq|
hw` Kvbv nvw`m ek wKQ eYbvKvix viv ewYZ nq, Kviv eYbvZ hw`
Ab`i Pq AwZwi eYbv mshvwRZ _vK ZLb AvjvPbv KiZ ne
h nvw`mwU GKB eVK DPvwiZ nqwQj wK bv? hw` ZvB nq Ze
AwaKvsk eYbvKvixi eYbvq hUv GmQ mUvKB MnY KiZ ne|
gvwmj (
wbiewQb) Ges MvBi Avj gvwmj (
wewQb
nvw`m):
gvwmj (
wbiewQb): gZvIqvwZi (
), gvki (
) Ges
Avnv` ( ) nvw`m hw` AwewQbfve ivmj (m.) _K ewYZ nq Zvnj
Zv gvwmj chvqf|
MvBi Avj gvwmj (
wewQb) nvw`m: gimvj (
), g`vj (
) Ges gbKvZC ( ) MvBi Avj gvwmj chvqf nvw`m|
gimvj nvw`m: AwaKvsk Avjg`i gZ h nvw`m mvnvevi bvgvjL
eZxZ GKRb Zvewqbi gL nZ ewYZ nqQ ZvB njv gimvj nvw`m|
AwaKvsk Avjg gimvj nvw`mK cvgvY wnme MnY Kib wb| Bgvg
Avng` Ges Bgvg kvwdC gimvj nvw`mi Dci Avv vcb Kib wb hw`
bv nvw`mwU GKRb weLvZ Zvewq KZK ewYZ bv nq Ges G I
MnYhvM ne hw` KwZcq kZ cvwjZ nq (Gme kZi DjL Dmji
eBmgn AvQ)| Abw`K Bgvg Ave nvwbdv Ges Bgvg gvwjK Ab `B
Bgvgi Pq gimvj nvw`m MnYi Kg KVviZv Aej^b KiQb|
gbKvwZ ( ) nvw`m: hmKj nvw`mi mb` GKRb eYbvKvixi bvg
AbcwZ iqQ ZvK gbKvwZ ( ) nvw`m ej|
g`vj (
) nvw`m: g`vj (
) nvw`m njv ZvB, h nvw`mi mb`
cici `Rb eYbvKvixi bvg AbcwZ|
nvw`mmgnK Avevi mwnn, nvmvb Ges RBd GB wZb fvMI fvM Kiv
nqQ|
mwnn (
) nvw`m: Kvbv nvw`mK mwnn ejv hve (mwnn GB A_ h,
nvw`mwU eYbvKvix AZ wek; GB A_ bq h nvw`mwU mevZKfve
mwVK ev KvZC) hw` nvw`mwU AZ wek (
wmKvZb mvweZb)
A_ev wek ( mvweZb) eYbvKvix viv ewYZ nq|
nvmvb ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m nvmvb ej MnxZ ne hw`

eYbvKvix`i ga KD mvw`K (mZev`x), mvw`K Bqvwng (mZev`x

mI fj Ki) Ges gvKej (Ggb ew h Awek bq)-Gi wbP bv
hvq|
RBd (
) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m RBd (
) ej MnxZ ne hw`
eYbvKvix`i ga KD gvRj (
AcwiwPZ) A_ev dvwmK
(ZvKIqvi D`vmxb) ew _vK|

Rvwni (
),
bvm ( ),
gdvm&mvi ( ) Ges
gn&Kvg ( )|
Rvwni ( ): Rvwni njv mB aibi k hvi A_ Ges _nxb,
Z_vwcI Zvweji Rb Db Kb bv GmKj ki A_ cmi mv_
mvgmkxj bq|
bvm ( ): bvm njv _nxb k Ges cmi mv_ mvgmkxj|
GwUI Zvweji Rb Db|
Rvwni Avi bvm kqi ga cv_K wbfi Ki DwjwLZ kwUi A_
cmi mv_ mvgmkxj wK-bv wKsev kwUi A_ gL bv MY Zvi
Dci| Rvwni Avi bvm kmgni A_ MnY KiZ ne| wdKn kv
bvm kwUi ce AvjvwPZ A_i evBi AviKwU iZcY A_ eenvi
Kiv nq, hvi A_ KiAvb Ges mbvni wbw` cvV (Text)| GLvb Aek
G A_ bvm kwU eeZ nq wb|
gdvm&mvi (
) Ges gnKvg ( ): gdvm&mvi (_nxb) Ges gnKvg
(cvj) k ejZ mme kmgnK evSvq hv mvweKfve Ges
G Zvweji Avkqi cqvRb nq bv| Rvwni Avi bvm kmgni
mv_ gdvm&mvi Avi gnKvg kqi cv_K GLvbB| Zvi w`K _K
gdvm&mvi Avi gnKvg kqi gvS Kvbv cv_K bB| Ze
AvBbwe`iv kqi ga wfbZv Avivc KiQb bvmL (
)-Gi
cwZ| Gi BsiwR cwZk njv Abrogation ev cwieZb-cwieab
wKsev mshvRb-weqvRb| AvBbwe``i gZ gnKvg bvmLhvM bq, Avi
gdvm&mvi bvmLhvM| Ze G cv_Ki Le GKUv cvqvwMKZv bB| Kb
bv GLb bZb Ki Avi bvmLi AeKvk bB|
A k: A k (
Avj AvjdvR MvBi Iqvw`nvn)
Pvi kwYf| h_v:
Lvwd ( `eva),
gkwKj (
Avqvmmva),
gRgvj (
msw A_evaK) Ges
gZvkvwen (
RwUj I cQb)|
Lvwd ( ): Lvwdi D`vniY njv mvwiKv ( Pwi) kwU AvswkKfve

KiAvb I mbvni evLv

Dmjj wdKn (
)-Gi GKwU iZcY weeP welq njv Bmjvgi
gwjK Drm KiAvb I mbvnK wKfve evLv Kiv ne| KivAvb Ges
mbvni cvV Ges cvVi A_ evSvi RbB G evLv Kkj Rvbv `iKvi|
Kvbv ew hw` KiAvb I mbvnK MfxiZifve evLv KiZ Pvq Ze
Zvi Aviwe fvlvi vb cqvRb| GRb Dmjj wdKni jLKMY Dmjj
wdKni cvVmwPZ ki kwYwefvM mshvwRZ KiQb|
cvV (Text) ^qs hw` cgvY (vn) nq _vK Ze mvaviYZ evLv Kivi
cqvm bqv nq bv| hvnvK, wdKn A_ev AvBbi en`sk evLvi gvagB
iPbv Kiv nqQ| GwU DjL Kiv `iKvi h Zvwej (
evLv) Ges
Zvdwmi (
) GK welq bq|
Zvdwmi (
): Zvdwmii j njv c` cvVi A_ evLv Kiv Ges
D cvVi cwimxgv _K AvBbi aviv ei Ki AwbwnZ fve cKvk
Kiv|
Zvwej (
evLv): Zvweji j njv cvVi kvwK A_i evBi
hq Ges jvwqZ A_ ei Kivi Pv Kiv, hv cvqB AbgvbKZ hw Ges
BRwZnv`i Dci wbfikxj|
cvVi cZKwU ki cKZ ( gZjvK), mvaviY ( Avg) Ges
kvwK A_ mvaviYZ MnY Kiv nq|
Zvdwmi ZvkwiC: hw` KiAvb ev mbvni GKvski evLv (
Zvwej)
KiAvb ev mbvni Ab Ask viv c`vb Kiv nq Ze GK Zvdwmi
ZvkwiC ej Ges GB evLvKZ AskK AcwieZbxq AvBbi Ask
wnme weePbv Kiv nq| Ze hw` Zvdwmi A_ev Zvwej gZvgZ ev
BRwZnv`i (
) ic bq Ze G evLvmgnK Rvwb weePbv Kiv nq
Ges Gi viv KLbv wKQ IqvwRe nq bv|
k (AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv): _nxb kmgnK Pvi kwYZ fvM
Kiv nqQ| kwY PviwU njv

10

 bq ev `eva, Kbbv cKUgvi Pwii chvqf wK bv Zv evaMg

bq, wK GUv Rvbv AZ Riwi| hw` cKUgvi Pwii Af bv nq
(GUvB AwaKvsk AvBbwe``i gZ) Ze cKUgvi n`i (KiAvb Ges
mbvn ewYZ `wewa AvBb) mwLb bv nq ZvwRii (AvBb cqvMKvix`i
viv cYxZ AvBb) mwLb ne|
gkwKj (
): gkwKj ki GKvwaK A_ _vK| ZvB cvVi cKZ A_
wbicYi Rb BRwZnv` (
) I Zvweji (
) kiYvcb nZ nq
(G GKvwaK gZvgZ _vKZ cvi)| gkwKj mnRvZfve _K
k|
gRgvj (
): gRgvj mmKj k I cvVK wb`k Ki hv
mnRvZfve A^Q Ges KvbwU mwVK A_ m evcvi Kvbv wb`kbvI
`q bv| gRgvj ki bvbvwea A_ _vKZ cvi A_ev GwU GKwU
AcwiwPZ k nZ cvi| D`vniY^ic mvjvZ, nR, wiev Ges wmqvg
kmgni DjL Kiv hZ cvi| G kmgn Zv`i kvwK A_ nvwiq
djQ Ges eZgvb kjv UKwbKvj ev kiC A_ MnY KiQ|
hvnvK, G kmgn civcwi cwivi (
gdvm&mvi) ic cwiMn
KiQ, hnZ G evcvi mbvnZ h_vh_ evLv c`vb Kiv nqQ| 101
bs mivi 1-5 bs AvqvZ DwjwLZ Avj Kvwiqvn kwU gRgvj ki
D`vniY| kwU KiAvb KZK evLvZ, dj Zv ic cwiMn KiQ|
hw` kwUi cwicY evLv Avjvn KZK c`vb Kiv bv nZv Ze gRgvj
kwU gkwKj ej weewPZ nZv Ges BRwZnv` I Zvweji Rb kwU
Db _vKZv|
gZvkvwen (
RwUj I cQb): gZvkvwen (RwUj) njv Ggb k hvi
A_ inmgq| nidj gKvvAvZ (
) h_v Avwjd jvg wgg njv
gZvkvwenvZ kmgni D`vniY| KDB Gme ki A_ Rvb bv| AbK
wekl KiAvbi hmKj AvqvZ gvbli mv_ Avjvni mv`k Avbv
nqQ mmKj AvqvZK gZvkvwen chvqf ej weePbv KiQb|
Avevi wKQ wekli gZ nidj gKvvqvZMZ eZxZ Avi Kvbv k
gZvkvwen chvqf bq| AvBb iwPZ nq Ggb cvV gZvkvwen k bB|
ki GKcKvi fvM nQ Avg Ges Lvm| eenvii `wKvY _K
kmgnK Avg Ges Lvm `B fvM webvm Kiv hvq|
Avg ( mvaviY): Avg nQ mmKj k hvi GKwU gv A_ _vK Ges
hv AbK msLvi eenvi Kiv nq| cwigvY msLv viv G eenvi
mxgvwqZ bq Ges hmKj welq kwU chvR Zvi mKjKB kwU aviY

Ki| Avg chvqf ki D`vniY njv Bbmvb (

) evsjvq gvbl|
hLb AviweZ Avj ( ) AvwUKjwU Kvbv wekl c`i ce eeZ
nq ZLb wekl c`wU Avg ej weewPZ nq| Aviwe fvlvq Rvwg (
mKj), Kvd&dv (--- mKj), Kj ( mKj) kq hw` Ab Kvbv
kmgni ce ev ci eeZ nq ZLb Zv Avg ej cwiMwYZ nq|
D`vniY^ic GKwU nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi; hgb
(jv `vivi Iqvjv w`iviv wdj Bmjvg)| A_ Bmjvg
K `qv Ges K MnY bB| hLb Kvbv Av`k Avg ki eenvihvM
Kiv nq ZLb Av`kwU chvR mKj B AvivwcZ ne| Avgi
wbaviYi Rb a fvlvi evKiYi w`K Lqvj ivLjB Pje bv eis
evweK gvbli eenvii w`K Lqvj ivLZ ne Ges hw` KLbv
evKiY ixwZ I eenvwiK ixwZi ga weiva `Lv `q m
eenvwiK ixwZB cvavb cve| Avg k wZb aibi nZ cvi| h_v:
1. mvweKfve mvaviY (
) gv wgb `vevwZb (`:6)
2. Avg hv Avmj _vgv (Avj Bgivb:97)
3. Avg hv ........ weklvwqZ Kiv nq (evKviv: 228,
Avnhve:49)|
&AviweZ wZwb kwU Lvm, Ze kZvivwcZ evK kwU eeZ nj
kwU Avg nq hvq (KiAvb 2:185, 4:92)|
Lvm (
wbw`): Lvm Ggb k hv mxwgZ msLvi Rb eeZ nq Ze
eeZ i mKj wKQKB Af Ki| hgb GK, `B, GKkZ,
Bgivb, GKwU Nvov, GKRb gvbl GmKj k Lvm ki D`vniY|
AvBbMZ h weavb ev wb`k mwbw` avivq ewYZ nqQ cqvMi
Zv wbw` Ges Zvweji Rb Db bq| G evcvi HKgZ nQ Lvm
njv KvZC A_vr Gi A_ Ges cqvM h Kvbv m`ni Da| DjL
Kiv cqvRb h, KiAvb I nvw`mi eeZ 99 fvM kB Avg ( )|
AvjgMY Avg kwU Rvwb bv KvZC G evcvi wfbgZ cvlY Kib|
AwaKvski gZ Avg njv Rvwb, Ze Ab`i gZ Avg njv KvZC| G
gZweivai djvdj cwivi nq hvq Avg I Lvmi weivai |
GKB welq KiAvb I mbvnZ `wU wfb eYbv cvIqv Mj Ges eYbv
`wUi GKwU Avg I AbwU Lvm nj AwaKvsk Avjgi gZ Lvm cvavb
cve| Ab Aski gZ Avg Lvm viv weklvwqZ ne|
AwaKvski gZ Lvm njv KvZC, Avg KvZC bq| Gi dj Lvm Avgi
Dci cvavb cve| msLvjN Aski gZ AvgI KvZC Ges ZvB `wU

11

weavb hw` mgqi gvbmvi mgvivj nq Ze Avg Lvm viv weklvwqZ

ne| Lvm i` nq hve hw` Avgi Drcw ci nq| Avg AvswkKfve
weklvwqZ ne hw` Lvmi Drcw ci nq| AwaKvski gZvbmvi GKwU
Avg cvebv GKwU wbfihvM ev KvZC evKvsk viv weklvwqZ nZ
cvi Ges GB evKvskwU GKB cvVi ev AvqvZi wKsev Ab Kvbv
AvqvZI nZ cvi| Avi G mewKQ me BmwZmbv (
ewZg,
D`vniY KiAvb, 2:282), Kvq` (kZ, D`vniY KiAvb, 4:12),
wmdvZ (
Y, D`vniY KiAvb, 4:23), Mvqvn (cqvMi mxgv,
D`vniY KiAvb, 5:6) BZvw`i ga w`q|
Avgi djvdj njv GUv mvaviYB _vKe, hw` bv AvgK weklvwqZ Kiv
nq| GgbwK AvswkK weklvwqZ Kivi ciI AweklvwqZ Aski Rb
AvgB weeP| Avgi ZvLwmm (mxgveZv) _vKK ev bv _vKK
AwaKvski gZ mvweKfve Avg AbgvbhvM (Rvwb) Ges Avg Zvweji
Rb Db|
ki AbcKvi fvM nQ gZjvK Ges gKvqv`|
gZjvK (
) : gZjvK Ggb k wb`k Ki hv cqvMi
mxgvwqZ bq| hLb Avgiv ewj GKwU eB G K_vwU Kvbv iKg
mxgveZv Qvov h Kvbv eBqi cqvM Kiv hvq| gZjvK njv
AmxgvwqZ k|
gKvqv` (
) : hLb gZjvK k Ab k ev kmvi viv mxwgZ
(qualified) nq ZLb kwU gKvqv` nq hvq| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq,
GKwU jvj eB| Avg I Lvm hLvb ki cwiwa wbq chvjvPbv Ki
gZjvK I gKvqv` mLvb ki cqvMi mxgv wbq AvjvPbv Ki
(hw`I gZjvKi mv_ Avgi I gKvqv`i mv_ Lvmi mv`k AvQ)|
gZjvKi GKwU D`vniY njv `vm g Ki `vI (KiAvb, 5:92)|
gKvqv`i D`vniY njv gwgb (wekvmx) `vm g Ki `vI (KiAvb,
4:92)|
cqvMi w`K _K gZjvK mvweK hw` bv mxgvwqZ nq _vK| hLb
gZjvK gKvqv` wnme mxgvwqZ ne ZLb mxgvwqZ fvl cvavb cve
(KiAvb, 5:3 Ges 6:145)| GKB welq hw` `wU fvl _vK GKwU
gZjvK AbwU gKvqv` Ges Gi cwZ ivq I KvhKiYi wfbZv `Lv
`q Ze `wU fvlB KvhKi ne Ges KvbvwU mxgvwqZ ne bv| GwUB
AwaKvski gZ|
ki AbcKvi fvM nQ nvwKwK (
kvwK) Ges gvRvwR (

icK)| mvaviYfve kmgn kvwK A_ eeZ nq| kvwK A_ icK

A_i Pq ewk cvavb cve wekl Ki AvBbMZ | KiAvbi
AwaKvsk AskB kvwK Ze icK AskI KiAvb AvQ| D`vniY^ic
KiAvbi 40:13 bs AvqvZi DjL Kiv hvq| GLvb ejv nQ, Avjvn
RxweKv AvKvk _K bvwRj Kib, hvi A_ ne ew| hw` Kvbv
icK A_ cvavb cvq Ze m icK A_ kvwK A_i Pq ewk
cvavb cve| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq ZvjvKi (
) kvwK A_
(wewawbla _K gw), i` nq icK A_ MnxZ nqQ| DjL h
KiAvb I mbvni eeZ 99 fvM k nvwKwK|
AviK cKvi fvM nQ mwin (
) Ges wKbvqv (
civ)|
mwin (
mivmwi): mwin njv Ggb k hvi A_ RwUjZvnxb Ges
mivmwi| GmKj ki A_ evi wbKU wKsev jLKi wbKU RvbZ
PvIqvi cqvRb nq bv|
wKbvqv (
civ) : wKbvqv njv Ggb ee hv evi Dk e
Ki bv, G kvZvK evi cKZ Dk Rvbevi Rb cbivq evLv
PvIqvi cqvRb nq| D`vniY^ic ^vgx xK ejjv BZvw (MYbv i
Ki)| Gi viv ZvjvK eSvq bv, Kbbv fve cwivi bq| G evK
Zvi Dk wRvmv Kiv ne|
gkZvivK (
): gkZvivK k njv Ggb k hvi GKvwaK A_ AvQ|
AvBb (
) kwU gkZvivK k| Aviwe fvlvq G kwU viv PvL,
SYv, Pi BZvw` evSvq| Gic GKvwaK A_ nevi KviY nZ cvi
wewfb mgq Gme A_ wKsev icK A_ gkZvivK ki eenvi|
AvBb`vZvi Dk Gic bq h, kwiqvni Av`k wKsev wbla Ggbfve
ewYZ ne hvi A_ GKvwaK ne| gkZvivK k cKwZMZ w`K _K
gkwKj cKwZi Ges agv wekl`i cB mwVK A_ wbicY Kiv
me| gRZvwn`iv (wekliv) Gi A_ wbicYi wfbgZ cvlY
KiZ cvib|
Avj `vjvjvn: cvV (Text)-Gi A_ weklY Kivi Rb cavbZ `wU aviv
cPwjZ AvQ| GKwU nQ nvbvdx gZ, AbwU nQ kvwdC gZ| GB `B
avivi ga gwjK Kvbv cv_K bB| nvbvdx avivi Dmwjqvb`i gZ
cvV ev Text weklY Ki PviwU cwZZ AvBb ei Kiv nq| h_v:
BevivZb bvm (
): BevivZb bvm njv Ggb k hvi A_
Aekvexic cvV _K `qg Kiv hvq Ges kwU cvVi gj
welqeiB cwZwbwaZ Ki| hgb Rqv wbwl nIqvi weavb| kwiqZi

12

AwaKvsk weavb BevivZb bvm chvqf cvV _K MnxZ nqQ|

BevivZb bvm _K MnxZ weavbi Kg KvZC chvqf Ges GmKj
weavbi Rb Kvbv mg_bKvix mvi cqvRb nq bv|
BkvivZb bvm (
): wZxq chvqf kmgn njv BkvivZb bvm|
G kmgni BwZcY wKsev civ A_ _vK| G chvqf AvqvZ njv
2:236| mvaviYZ weevni ceB gvnivbv wbaviY KiZ nq| Ze G
AvqvZi Mfxi Abmvb aviYv `q gvnivbv wbaviY ewZiK weevni
Pw me| m Aek ci gvni wVK KiZ ne (KiAvb, 4:4)|
`vjvjvZb bvm (
): ZZxq chvqf kmgn njv `vjvjvZb bvm|
G cwZZ cvVi cKZ fve Ges hwi AvjvK kmgni A_ wbaviY
Kiv nq, hw`I MnxZ A_i BwZ cvV DjL bvI _vK| KiAvbi
17:23 bs AvqvZi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb eeqmx evev-gvi
mv_ Dd& kwU DPviY KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| welqwU a Dd& ki
ga mxgve _vKe bv eis evev-gvi mv_ Kvbvic Lvivc AvPiY Kiv
hve bv GwUB D AvqvZi gj ee|
BKwZ`vDb bvm (
): PZ_ chvqf kmgn njv BKwZ`vDb
bvm| G cqvRbxq A_i evcvi cvV wbc _vK, Z_vwcI h_vh_
Dk ciYv_ cqvRbxq A_ Abgvb Ki wbZ nq| D`vniY^ic
KiAvbi 4:23 AvqvZi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb gv I KbvK
weevn Kivi wbla Kiv nqQ| GLvb gvZv I Kbv ejZ wbR
xi Kbv ev gvK evSvbv nqQ| hw` Kvbv welq chvqMZ weiva
`Lv `q Ze ceeZx chvqi weavb cieZx chvqi weavbi Dci
cvavb cve| hgb BevivZb bvm, BkvivZb bvmi Dci cvavb cve|
G nQ nvbvdx Dmj wekl`i gZ|
Dmji kvwdC Ijvgviv cvVi (Text) cqvMK cavbZ `B fvM fvM
KiQb| h_v: `vjvjvZj gvbZK (
DPvwiZ A_) Ges
`vjvjvZj gvdg (
AwbwnZ A_)|
`vjvjvZj gvbZK (
DPvwiZ A_): `vjvjvZj gvbZKK
Avevi `vjvjvZj BKwZ`v (
cqvRbxq A_) Ges `vjvjvZj
Bkviv (
civ A_) GB `B fvM fvM Kiv nqQ|
`vjvjvZj gvdg (
AwbwnZ A_): `vjvjvZj gvdgK
Avevi gvdgj gqvdvKvwZ (
mvgmkxj A_) Ges gvdgj
gLZvwjdvwZ (
wecixZ A_) G `BfvM fvM Kiv nqQ|
kvwdC Ijvgviv gvdg Avj gLZvwjdv kv_K MnY Kib bv hw` bv

ZvZ KqwU kZ ciY nq| kvwdC Ijvgviv wmdvZ (

Yvejx), kiZ
(
kZ) Ges Mvqv ( SvK) GmKj wewawbla Avivc
KiQb|
nvbvdx Ijvgviv gvdgj gLZvwjdvwZ MnYi kvwdC`i Pq
ewk KVvi| nvbvdxiv GmKj Ggb Kvbv A_ MnY Kib bv hv
cvVi mv_ mvgmkxj bq| KiAvb Ges mbvni evLvi
KvbvfveB nvbvdxiv gvdgj gLZvwjdvwZ cwZZ A_ MnY Kib
bv|

13

AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib h Kvbv wblai ci Av`k Avmj Kej

AbgwZ evSvq, evaZvgjK bq (KiAvb, 5:2 Ges 62:10)|
AwaKvski AviKwU gZ njv Kvbv Av`k gv GKevi cvjb Kiv
evaZvgjK, hw` bv evievi Av`kwU ciYi KviY _vK| hLb kZ
mvc Av`k Rvwi nq ZLb kZciY gvB Av`kwU cvjb Kiv
evaZvgjK (KiAvb, 5:6)|
wbla ( bvwn): Av`ki wVK wecixZ njv wbla| Kvbv wKQ bv
Kivi `vweB njv wbla| wblai aib weewZi AvKvi nZ cvi
(KiAvb, 2:221) A_ev nZ cvi Av`ki fwZ wKQ bv Kivi Rb
(KiAvb, 22:30, 62:9)| wbla nZ cvi mvweK wbla (Zvnwig),
A_ev c_wb`kbvgjK (Bikv`), A_ev nZ cvi frmbvgjK (Zvw`e)|
wbla hv wZivi wb`k Ki KiAvb Zvi DjL AvQ (KiAvb, 5:87)|
bwZK c_wb`kbvgjK wblai DjL `Lv hvq KiAvbi 5:104 bs
AvqvZ| AwaKvski gZ wbla gjZ Zvnwig chvqi hw` bv Ab
KvbviKg wPv Kivi gZv BwZ _vK|
Kvbv KvR (AvbvwbK Bev`Z eZxZ) hw` wbR^ KviY wbwl bv nq
eis ewnfZ Kvbv KviY wbwl nq Ze kvwdC gZvbhvqx GwU i` (
evwZj) nq hvq Ges nvbvdx gZvbhvqx GwU dvwm` ej weewPZ nq|
evwZj A_ GwU Avi mskvab Kiv hve bv| dvwm` A_ mwnn nIqvi Rb
wKQ kZ ciY Kiv nq wb Ges Zv ciY Kij welqwU mwnn nq hve|
A_vr dvwm` mskvabhvM| wK Bev`Z msv welq G Aevb wfb|
G dvwm` I evwZj mgchvqf| Ab K_vq GLvb a evwZj
NU, dvwm` nq bv|
wblavv cvjb AZvekKxq Ges hLbB G Av`k gb Pjv chvR ne
ZLbB Zv gb PjZ ne| wblavv hw` kZ mvc nq Ze hLbB kZ
eZgvb ne ZLbB wblavv KvhKi ne|
bvm&L ( i`): kvwK A_ bvm&L& A_ njv wejvc mvab| bvm&LK
msvwqZ Kiv nq kwiqvni GKwU weavb Ab GKwU weavb viv evwZj
nIqv ev cwZvwcZ nIqv viv| GKgv weavbvejxi B bvm&L KvhKi
nq, wekvmi welqei bq| bvm&L KvhKi nq agv
hw` `Uv weavbi gvb GKBiKg kwkvjx nq;
weavb `Uv hw` wfb cvV (Text) DjwLZ nq;
weavb `Uvi ga hw` cKZ weiva _vK Ges KvbvfveB

Av`k, wblavv I i`
Av`k (
): Av`kK msvwqZ Kiv hZ cvi DaZb KZci
wbKU _K Aatb KZci wbKU wKQ Kivi gwLK `vwe wnme|
Av`k bvbvb aibi nZ cvi| Av`k gvbB G KZZi ebv
_vKe| Aviwe ixwZ Abhvqx wKQ wbQK AZxZKvj ewYZ Kvbv
ee Kvbv wKQ Kievi Rb Av`k wnme weewPZ nZ cvi
(KiAvb, 2:178)| bwZK Acivai wb`v wnmeI KiAvvbi Kg
bvwRj nZ cvi (KiAvb, 2:189)| KiAvbi Av`k Kvbv civi I
kvwi cwZkwZ c`vb wnmeI AvmZ cvi (KiAvb, 4:10-14)|
iZcY ck njv, GKwU Av`k wK _vK? Av`k cvjb wK
evaZvgjK, mcvwikgjK A_ev aB AbgwZ bvwK Av`k viv Gi meB
eSvq? AwaKvski gZ Av`k viv evaevaKZvB evSvbv nq hw` bv
G Ab wKQ Kivi mhvM _vK| KD KD ejZ Pvb h, Av`ki
viv a evaevaKZv Ges mcvwik wb`k Ki| Ab AbK ejb Av`k
viv a KvbvwKQ Kivi AbgwZ evSvq| cwivifve ejZ Mj
ejZ nq, AwaKvski gZvgZB h_v_ Ges hwK| A_vr Av`k viv
gjZ evaevaKZv evSvq, ewZg Qvov|
Av`k viv Kvbvmgq AbgwZ (Permission) evSvZ cvi|
D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, KiAvb hLb ejv nq LvI Ges cvb Ki
(KiAvb, 7:31), ZLb eYbv _K aviYv cvIqv hvq h GwU wbQKB
AbgwZ| Abic D`vniY cvIqv hvq KiAvbi 5:2 bs Ges 62:10 bs
AvqvZ| wKQ Av`k viv mcvwik Kiv nqQ| hgb KiAvbi
2:282 bs AvqvZ| ^msLK Av`k viv gwK c`kb Kiv
nqQ| hgb Kvbv wekl wKQ KvR _K weiZ _vKevi Dc`k
msewjZ AvqvZ (KiAvb, 24:33) Ges Av`k viv Ave`b ev cv_bv
evSvZ cvi (KiAvb, 2:286)| hvnvK, Av`k viv gjZ
evaevaKZvK wb`k Kiv nq (diR, IqvwRe)| GwU wbfi Ki cvV Ges
Gi A_ `UvB KvZC wKsev KvZC wKbv Zvi Dci|

14

mg^q me bv nq; Ges

weavb `Uv `B mgqKvji nq|
wKQ Ijvgv ^xKvi Kib bv h KiAvbi Kvbv AvqvZ i` ev evwZj
nqQ| G kwYf Avjg`i gZ KiAvbi 2:106 bs AvqvZ
DjwLZ i` mwKZ ee KiAvbi chvR bq eis ceeZx
wKZvei Rb chvR| Zviv Aviv ejb KiAvbi Z_vKw_Z weivai
mg^q mvab me| gnv` Avmv` Ges gvIjvbv AvKig Lv Zv`i
KiAvbi Zvdwmi DjL KiQb KiAvbi Kvbv bvm&L bB| cLvZ
BmjvwgK jvi W. Ave`j nvwg` Ave mjgvb gb Kib cv_wgK
hMi Ijvgviv bvm&LK BwZnvmi cvwicvwkK Aevi AvjvK bv `L
vqx gZev`i ghv`v c`vb Ki fj KiQb| wZwb gb Kib h bvm&Li
eenvi agv cwivi mxgve _vKv `iKvi hgb wKejv
cwieZb|
AwaKvsk Avjgi gZ KiAvb I mbvni bvm&L KvhKi nqQ|
Zv`i gZ BRgv ( ) viv KiAvbi Kvbv weavb i` ( ) nq bv|
KiAvb I mbvni Kvbv cvVK wKqvmI cwZvcb KiZ cvi bv| Bgvg
kvwdCi gZ `B aibi bvm&L AvQ:
KiAvb viv KiAvb i`; Ges
mbvni viv mbvn i`|
Ab`i gZ Pvi aibi bvm&L AvQ:
KiAvb viv KiAvb;
mbvni viv KiAvb;
KiAvb viv mbvn; Ges
mbvn viv mbvn|
Ze GUvB mwVK gZ ej gb nq hv W. Ave`j nvwg` ejQb| wbPi
jvZ Gi evBi AviK aibi kwY wefvRb AvQ|
bvm&Lj K&g (
) ev weavb iwnZKiY;
bvm&Lj wKivAvn (
) ev cvVi iwnZKiY; Ges
bvm&Lj Kwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn (
) ev weavb I cvV
DfqB iwnZKiY|
bvm&Lj K&g ejZ evSvq weavbwU evwZj nqQ wK cvVwU iq MQ|
bvm&Lj wKivAvn ejZ evSvq cvVwU i` nq MQ wK weavbwU iq

MQ| bvm&Lj Kwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ejZ evSvq cvV Ges weavb
DfqB evwZj nq MQ| Dcii wZbwU kwYKiYi ga bvm&Lj Kgi
wKQ wfw AvQ wK evwK `Uvi wfw LeB `ej| mvBq` Avej Avjv
gI``x Zvi ivmvqj Iqv gvmvqj M DjL KiQb Kb bvm&Lj
wKivAvn MnYhvM bq|
bvm&L ( ) Ges ZvLwmmi (mvaviY cvVi weklvqY A_ev Yvivc)
ga cv_K AvQ| ZvLwmm bvm&L bq| GUv nQ AvgK weklvwqZ
Kiv| AviKwU wePvh welq njv ZvwR` (mshvRb) evwZjhvM wKbv?
AwaKvski gZ Di njv bv, Ges G gZB h_v_|
mevcwi Avwg gb Kwi GB mKj welq W. Ave`j nvwg` Ave mjgvbi
AwfgZ weePbvi `vwe ivL|

15

cgvY eZgvb _K Pov MY Kiv hvq bv| BRgvi ^c hmKj

AvqvZi DjL Kiv nq (KiAvb, 4:59, 4:83, 4:115) Zvi KvbvwU
_KB BRgv cwZvi Rb Pov wmv bqv hvq bv| Bgvg Mvvwj
GmKj AvqvZK BRgv cwZvi c BwZcY Ze Pov bq ej DjL
KiQb| Bgvg mqwZi evLvI Abic| Bgvg gnv` Ave` GmKj
AvqvZ BRgv cwZvi ^c Kvbv BwZ LR cvb wb| Avj Avwgw`
ejQb, GmKj AvqvZ mvebvi mw Ki, Kvbv vb `vb Ki bv|
cvq `kwU nvw`m BRgvi ^c DjL Kiv nq| Avng` nvmvbi
cheY njv BRgvi ^c GmKj nvw`m AKvU bq| eo msLK
Ijvgv (kvwdC Ges gZvwRjvcx) gb Kib Ijvgv`i msLvwaK Ges
`iZi evcKZvi KviY GLb Avi BRgv cwZv Kiv me bq| G KviY
Bgvg kvwdC evaevaKZvgjK KZei B BRgvi cqvMK mxgve
KiQb| m GKB KviY `vD` Rvwnwi Ges Bgvg Avng` BRgv viv
mvnvex`i HKgZ ewSqQb|
Ave`j Inve Lvjvd gZ `b h, ac`x evLv Abhvqx BRgv eZgvb
mgqKvj me bq, Kbbv cPi msLK Ijvgv weZ Aj Ro eZgvb|
Ave`j Inve Lvjvd h_v_B ejQb| civbv avPi BRgv eZgvb me
bq| eZgvb AvwjK wfwZ BRgv cwZv KiZ ne hv cvjvgU
KZK AvBb cYqbi gvag me wK G AvBb wPib bq|
BRgv `B aibi| h_v:
BRgv Avj mwin (m BRgv), Ges
BRgv mKwZ (bxie BRgv)|
AwaKvsk Ijvgvi gZ Avj BRgvDm mKZ (G evcviwU NU ZLbB hLb
GK ev wKQmsLK wekl Kvbv evcvi HKgZ cQvq Ges G
evcvi Kvbv weivwaZv `Lv `q bv) kwiqZi evaZvgjK cgvY
wnme cwiMwYZ ne bv| wKqvm BRgvi wfw nZ cvie wKbv G evcvi
wZb aibi gZvgZ `LZ cvIqv hvq| KD ejb nZ cvi, KD ejb
bv, Avevi KD AvswkKfve nv ejb|
wekl`i Avnv` A_ev gZvIqvwZi eYbvi gvag BRgv ewYZ nZ
cvi| mvnvwe`i KZK cwZwZ BRgvi D`vniY eZxZ Avi Kvbv
gZvIqvwZi BRgvi DjL cvIqv hvq bv| gvnv` BKevj cve
w`qQb h BRgv cwZvi evcviwU cvjvgUi Dci Qo `qv nvK
eZgvbKvj GKgv GfveB BRgv cwZv Kiv me| Avjvgv gvnv`
BKevj G h_v_ ejQb| Zvi aviYv MnY Kiv hZ cvi| Ze

BRgv
Aviwe k AvRAvgv-Gi wekl ic njv BRgv ( )| kwUi `Uv
A_ AvQ| c_gZ, Kvbv welq wmv MnY Kiv Ges wZxqZ gZK
cQvbv| KiAvb I mbvni ci BRgvK Bmjvgx kwiqZi ZZxq cgvY
ev mv wnme weePbv Kiv nq| BRgv kwiqZi hwK mv| GK
A_ev KwZcq wekl KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` ev evLv hLb
mveRbxbfve MnxZ nq Zv-B BRgv|
Dmji weklMY BRgvi h evLv c`vb KiQb Zv njv gmwjg
weki mKj wekl Kvbv welq mvweKfve HKgZ cvlY Kij Zv
Pov BRgv ej weewPZ ne| cv_wgK hMi DmwjDb`i gZ GKgv
GBic Pov BRgvB mKji Rb evaZvgjK| hvnvK, Gic mvweK
BRgvi NUbv LeB weij| Kvbv wbw` welq hv BRwZnv` ev Zvweji
Rb Db m BRgvi NUbv NUv cKZB `i|
wekliv BRgvi h D`vniYjv Zj aib Zv njv mvnvweMY KZK
MnxZ BRgv| Dmji AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib h BRgv ` (``)
Bev`vn I AvwK`v msv welq nZ cvi| c_g BRgv MnxZ nq
mvnvwe`i gvS| wKQ welq gmwjg Dvni gvS GKZv eRvq ivLevi
Rb cv_wgK chvq BRgv mnvqZv Ki| Kvbv weavbi KZZ BRgvi
gvag ewcv nq| Kvbv wbw` mgq Kvbv welq Avjg`i gvS
HKgZ BRgvi Rb cqvRbxq| H mgqi mKj Ijvgv cwivi
gZvgZi ga w`q mwZ c`vb Kie| mKj gRZvwn`i mwZi
wfwZB BRgv cwZwZ, hw`I AbK gb Kib mKj bq AwaKvski
mwZZB BRgv cwZwZ ne|
AwaKvski mwZ kwiqvn AvBbi GKwU `wjj nZ cvi wK Zv
evaZvgjK bq| Kbbv evaZvgjK BRgvi Rb nvw`m hmKj kZi
DjL AvQ Zv ciY nZ ne (mKj gvbli BRgv, wb`bc mKj
wekli mwZ)|
mKj IjvgvB gb Kib h BRgv cwZvi ^c cvVMZ (Textual) h

16

Gfve MnxZ BRgv ewkKfve ^xKwZ cve bv Ges GUvK evaZvgjK

fvev hve bv (hw` bv MnxZ BRgvwUK m `k AvBbi ghv`v `qv nq)|
Dcmsnvi ejv hvq fwelZ BRgvi eenvi msKxY nZ cvi| eis
wKqvm, gvmjvnv AwaK iZcY Ae`vb ivLe|

wKqvm
kvwK A_ wKqvm ejZ evSvq Kvbv wKQi evw, IRb A_ev
Yvejxi cwigvcKiY A_ev wbwZKiY| wKqvm ejZ Aviv evSvq
`Uv `ei ga mvg Ges mv`k cwZv KiZ Zjbv Kiv| Dmji
fvlvq wKqvm njv gj NUbv ( Avmj) _K bZb NUbvZ (
dvi) kwiqvn AvBbi mcmviY, KviY bZb NUbvi KvhKviY (BjvZ)
Avmj NUbvi Abic|
wKqvmi iZvivci welq njv gj NUbv Ges bZb NUbvi gvS
mvaviY KviY LR ei Kiv| wKqvmi gvag MwVZ AvBbK AvBbwe`iv
bZb AvBb wnme weePbv Kib bv| hvnvK, mKj eve cqvRb
wewfb welq wKqvm bZb AvBbi gZvB|
wKqvm AvBbwe``i viv DvweZ GK aibi cwZ hvi gvag bZb
MwVZ AvBb KiAvb I mbvni wbKUeZx nq| KviY GmKj bZb
AvBb h KvhKviYi (BjvZ) Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ Zv KiAvb I
mbvni weavb _K DvweZ|
wKqvmK hw` cqvM Kiv bv nZv Ze bZb iwPZ AvBb KiAvb I
mbvn _K Aviv `i Pj hZ| GwUB wKqvmi h_v_Zvi hw|
wKqvm njv hwK gZev` (KviY ewew evcKfve BjvZ AlY
eeZ nq)| wK wKqvm ewMZ gZvgZ (ivq) Iwni ekZv ^xKvi
Ki (KiAvb I mbvn _K BjvZ DvweZ nq)| wKqvm KiAvb wKsev
mbvni Kvbv AvBb cwieZb Ki bv| wKqvm GKwU cwZ| wKqvmK
AvBbwe`iv GB A_ ^xKwZ w`qQb h kwiqvni weavb KwZcq Dk
(
gvKvwm`) AbmiY Ki hv hwi mv_ mvgmcY| Rvwnwi
(
) AvjgMY wKqvmK MnY Kib wb| wK AwaKvsk Avjg
wKqvmi evcvi h_v_ wmv MnY KiQb|
wKqvm wbqZv c`vb Ki bv| wKqvm ZvB Abgvb wbfi| KiAvb I mbvn
_K MnxZ AvBbi Abic KZZ wKqvm _K MnxZ AvBbi bB|
wKqvmi gvag MnxZ AvBbi evcvi bvbviKg gZ AvQ, hgb

17

gZwfbZv AvQ cvq mKj BRwZnv`x AvBbi evcvi| wKqvmi

cqvRbxq Dcv`vbmn njv Avmj (gj welq hvi Dci wfw Ki ivq
`qv nqQ), Kg (ivq), BjvZ (h KvhKviYi cwZ ivq c`vb Kiv
nq) Ges dvi (bZb NUbv hvi Dci ivq c`vb Kiv ne)| G g`
cvbi wblavvi NUbvwU DjL Kiv hZ cvi (KiAvb, gvq`v:90)|
G weavbwU PZbvbvkK Abvb gv`Ki I chvR nZ cvi|
mv`ki KviY wbgv avci gvag me|
Avmj ( )
(gj welq)
g` cvb

dvi ( )
(bZb welq)
PZbvbvkK
gv`K

BjvZ ( )
(ivqi KviY)
gv`KZv

gZvAvw)| KD KD Zvw`qv (nvi) mK wfb gZ cvlY Kib|

BjvZ bvm-Gi wecixZ nZ cvie bv|
Aviwe cKvkixwZ Abhvqx KvBjv (
Gic bv), wj AvRwj (

KviY), wj ( Rb), dv ( Gic), we ( KviY), wegv Avbv

(), Bbv ( ) BZvw` AbK B BjvZK wb`k Ki (KiAvb,
4:34, 5:38)| Aviwe k mveve (KviY) BjvZ ki cwZvcK wnme
eeZ nq| Aek KD KD k `Uvi ga cv_K wb`k Kib|
cv_KwU DjLhvM wKsev cwivi bq| hvnvK, BjvZ kwU eenvii
w`K _K evcKZv cqQ|
cvV _K BRwZnv`i gvag ivq `evi Rb bvmi ( ) hLb BjvZ
fve DjwLZ _vK bv, ZLb gRZvwn``i `vwqZ BjvZ LR ei
Kiv| `B avc GwU Kiv me| mPbv we` njv ZvLwiRj gvbvZ (Bjvni
AviKwU cwZk njv gvbvZ)|
ivq `evi mgq GKi e`j GKvwaK BjvZi DcwwZ nZ cvi|
m gRZvwn``i KiYxq njv h_v_ BjvZ LR ei Kiv|
cwqvwUK ZvbwKn Avj gvbvZ (BjvZK ^ZKiY) ej|
bZb NUbvi hLvb ivqi mcmviY NUe mLvb ZvnwKKj
gvbvZ (BjvZ AvQ wK bB) `LZ nq (mvaviY Pwii mv_ cKUgvii
mv`kKiY me wKbv A_ev flR cvbxqi BjvZ wK g`i Abic)|
wKqvmi kwYwebvm: wKqvmi GK aibi kwYwebvm njv
1. wKqvm Avj AvIjv (
DbZ aibi wKqvm)|
2. wKqvm Avj gmvwe (
mv`kKi mvg)|
3. wKqvm Avj Av`bv (
`ej mv`kKiY)|
wKqvm Avj AvIjv Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb Avmj NUbv Acv bZb
NUbvZ KvhKiY fve cZxqgvb (KiAvb, 17:23)|
wKqvm Avj gmvwe njv Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb Avmj I dvi ( )
Dfq B BjvZ mgvbfve cZxqgvb nq (KiAvb, 4:2)|
wKqvm Avj Av`bv ejZ evSvq Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb BjvZ dviGi Avmji bvq fve cZxqgvb bq|
wKqvmi AviK aibi kwYKiY njv:
1. wKqvm Rvwj (
Aekvwe mv`kKiY)|
2. wKqvm Lvwd ( jvwqZ mv`kKiY)|

Kg ( )
(ivq)
wblavv

Avmji GKwU kZ njv KiAvb Ges mbvn Avmji Drm| AbK

weklB BRgvK Avmji wfw gb Kib bv| AwaKvski gZ GKwU
wKqvm Ab GKwU wKqvmi Avmj wnme eeZ nZ cvi bv| Ze
gvwjKx AvBbwe` Beb ik` gb Kib GKwU wKqvm Ab AviKwU
wKqvmi Avmj wnme eeZ nZ cvi| AvawbK AvBbwe` Ave hvniv
Ges gvnv` Avj hviKv G gZ mg_b Kib| A msLKi gZI mwVK
nZ cvi hZY ch bv GUv KiAvb I mbvni bvm-Gi mv_ mvsNwlK
bv nq|
Kgi kZmgn:
1. GwU AekB AvBbMZ ivq nZ ne (AvwK`vMZ wKqvm
Kvbv ivq w`Z cvi bv)|
2. gvbexq ewi AvjvK evaMg nZ ne|
3. Kg KLbvB ewZgx cwiwwZi mxgve _vKe bv
(Gic GwU wKqvmi wfw nZ cvi bv)|
hLvb Text -Gi wewaweavb AvQ mLvb wKqvm bB| wKqvm gvAvj
ZvwiK (wUcY wKqvm) Abgv`bhvM bq|
BjvZK AekB wbgv kZ ciY KiZ ne:
1. gbvwme (
) gRZvwn``i gZ h_v_ nZ ne|
2. gbRvwe` () Gi AcwieZbxq Y _vKZ ne|
3. Rvwni () GwU AekB cZxqgvb nZ ne| AwaKvski gZ
BjvZ AekB bZb nvihvM (

18

AwaKvski viv wKqvm ^xKwZ cqQ hvi ga PviwU mwb gvRnvemn

hvBw` wkqviv AvQ| KiAvbi 59:2 bs AvqvZ wKqvmi ^c cgvY
AvQ Ges BwZ AvQ 2:79 I 4:105 bs AvqvZ| mbvnI wKqvmK
mg_b Ki| mbvnZ BRwZnv`i K_v ejv AvQ Avi wKqvm BRwZnv`i
GKwU DjLhvM cwZ|
AbK Rvwnix `vkwbK Mvx wKqvmi wei gZvgZ cKvk KiQb|
Zviv ejb h, KiAvb wKqvmi wei (KiAvb, 52:2 Avgiv KiAvb
Kvbv wKQB Aenjv Kwi wb)| Zviv Aviv ejb wKqvmi wfw njv
BjvZ Ges BjvZi wfw njv Abgvb| Zviv KiAvbi 49:1 bs AvqvZ
DjL Ki ejb KiAvb wKqvmi wei| G meB Le `ej hw Ges
Dvni AwaKvskB Zv`i gZ MnY Ki wb| AwaKvsk gb Kib ``i
wKqvm cqvMhvM| nvbvdxiv gb Kib wKqvm ZvwRi-Gi
cqvMhvM, ``i bq| nvbvdx gZ G AwaK mZK|
AwaKvski gZ njv bvm (Text) hLvb AvQ wKqvm mLvb AwZwi|
wKQ Ijvgv gb Kib h, wKqvm hw` Kvbv kwkvjx cgvY viv mnvqZv
cvq Ze Zv GKK nvw`mi Pq cvavb cZ cvi| Ze fwelZ
gvmjvnv BRwZnv`i AwaK iZcY ic ne|

Bmjvgx kwiqvn ceeZx cZvw` AvBb

Bmjvg wekvm Ki mvi c` agM Avjvn KZK c` (42:13)|
KiAvb ^xKwZ `q h ZvIivZ c_wb`kbvi Drm wQj (5:44)| wK ck
nQ KiAvb bvwRj nevi ci ceeZx Gme wKZveK AvBbi Drm ejZ
wK evSvq? mvaviY fvl njv KiAvbi ce hmKj AvBb cPwjZ wQj
Zv Avi eZgvb gmwjg`i chvR bq (wbg DwjwLZ ewZg
eZxZ)|
Bmjvgi AvnKvg ^qsmY| kwiqvni AvBb KiAvb I mbvn eZxZ
Ab Kv_vI LvRvi cqvRb bB, KviY Ab agi AvBb gmwjg`i
Rb gvbv evaZvgjK bq|
KiAvb wZbfve ceeZx kwiqvni DjL Ki:
1. KiAvb ceeZx kwiqvni DjL KiZ cvi Ges DjwLZ welqwUK
gmwjg`i evaZvgjK Ki w`Z cvi| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, ceeZx
RvwZmgni Rb ivRvi wb`k wQj Ges gmwjg`i Rb Zv wb`k Kiv
nqQ (2:183)| ceeZx kwiqvni Gic weavb eZgvb kwiqvniI Ask|
2. KiAvb (ev mbvn) ceeZx kwiqvni Kvbv weavbi DjL Ki Zv i`
Ki w`qQ| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq Lv` welqK KwZcq wblavv
Bw` mc`vqi cwZ wQj hv KiAvbi gvag gmwjg`i Rb cZvnvi
Kiv nqQ (6:146)| gmwjgiv G welq ceeZx kwiqvni AvBb AbmiY
KiZ cvi bv|
3. ceeZx kwiqvni Kvbv GKwU AvBb envj AvQ wKsev iwnZ nqQ
Gi DjL bv KiB KiAvb ceeZx kwiqvni Kvbv AvBbi DjL KiZ
cvi (5:45, 5:48)| AwaKvsk Ijvgv GmKj weavbK eZgvb
kwiqvniI Ask ej gb Kib Ges Zv AbmiYxq ej gb Kib|
msLvjN gZ ceeZx gZi wecixZ| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji gZ
msLvMwii gZ G h_v_|

19

nqwb| Bgvg Mvvwj Ges Avwgw` G gZK AMvwaKvi w`qQb|

ZZxq gZi aviK Bgvg Ave nvwbdv (iv.) ^qs| Zvi ee njv
wKqvmi mv_ hw` Kvbv mvnvwei gZvgZ AbK `Lv `q, Ze
mvnvwei gZB cvgvY ne, wK hw` gZK `Lv `q Ze bq|
Dmj mvwnZ DcivwjwLZ gZqi evBiI Aviv KwZcq gZvgZ `Lv
hvq| G _K Dcmsnvi Uvbv hZ cvi h, mvnvwe`i gZvgZ
c_wb`kbvi Drm| mZKZvi mv_ Gme dZvqvi `vlY weePbvi `vwe
ivL hw`I cwivi BRgv eZxZ GmKj dZvqv gb Pjv evaZvgjK
bq|

mvnvwe`i dZvqv
kwiqvn msv welq mvnvwe`i dZvqv LeB iZcY Ges mevP
weePbvi `vwe ivL| KviY njv mvnvweiv ivmj (m.)-Gi AwZ wbKUeZx
wQjb Ges Zv`i vb mivmwi ivmj (m.) _K MnxZ nqwQj| Ze
mvnvwe ejZ Kv`i evSvbv ne Zv wbq gZvbK AvQ| AwaKvski
gZ wekvmx hvivB ivmj (m.)-Gi mv_ mvvr KiQb Zviv mKjB
mvnvwei ghv`vf| msLvjwNi gZ Kvbv ewK mvnvwei ghv`v
cZ nj mnevZ (
msmMi avivevwnKZv) GKwU cqvRbxq
Dcv`vb| `Uv gZiB hwKZv AvQ Ges KvbvwUKB AMvn Kivi
Dcvq bB| Kvbv ew mvnvwe wKbv Zv cwZv cZ cvi Ab Kvbv
mvnvwei mZvqb ev mv`vbi gvag ev wbR KZK `vwei gvag
(G mB ewwUK mZev`x nZ ne)|
mvnvwe`i dZvqv ejZ Zv`i gZvgZK evSvq hv Kvbv mvnvwe
BRwZnv`i gvag DcbxZ nqQb| mvnvwe`i dZvqv cieZx
eskai`i Rb cvgvY| G welq wZbwU gZvgZ AvQ|
c_g gZ njv GwU Aekvex cgvY| G gZcxiv KiAvbi 3:110 I
9:100 bs AvqvZqK Ges Avgvi Abmvixiv ZviKvi gZv I Avgvi
mvnvwe`iK mvb Ki nvw`mqK DjL Kib| G gZi Abmvix
njb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwdC Ges Avng` web nv^jKI G gZi
^c DjL Kiv nq| G gZi weivax hviv Zviv ejZ Pvb GmKj Dw
viv mvnvwe`i ghv`vi DjL Kiv nqQ| mvnvwe`i Av`k gvbv
evaZvgjK Zvi ^c GmKj cgvY KvZC chvqf mv bq|
wZxq gZ njv, mvnvwe`i BRwZnv` kwiqvni Kvbv cgvY bq Ges
cieZx eskai`i Rb Zvi AbmiY evaZvgjK bq| nvbvdx AvBbwe`
Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL, Bgvg Avng` (Zvi GK gZvbmvi), Avkvwi Ges
gZvwRjv wekliv G gZ aviY Kib| G gZcxiv hw `b h h
AvqvZ viv BRwZnv`K evaZvgjK Kiv nqQ Zv hvM mKji Rb
chvR| GLvb mvnvwe wK mvnvwe bq Zvi ga cv_K wbicY Kiv

20

nvbvdx AvBbwe` Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL BmwZnmvbK msvwqZ

KiQb AwaKZi hwmsMZ KviY GKwU cwZwZ bwRi _K wfb ivq
vbvii bxwZ wnme| gvwjKx AvBbwe`iv BmwZnmvb Acv
BmwZmjvni evcvi AwaKZi AvMnx| Zv`i gZ BmwZnmvb Kgewk
BmwZmjvni Abic ev BmwZmjvni GKwU Ask|
KiAvb I mbvnZ BmwZnmvbi mg_b Kvbv KvZC cgvY bB| Ze
KiAvbi 34:18 Ges 39:55 bs AvqvZq BmwZnmvbi mg_b DjL
Kiv nq| GKBfve GKwU weLvZ nvw`m jv `viviv Iqv jv w`iviv wdj
Bmjvg (
Bmjvg Kvbv Amweav AvivwcZ ev mn Kiv
ne bv) BmwZnmvbi mg_b DjL Kiv nq| BmwZnmvb Nwbfve ivq
Ges wKqvmi mv_ mwKZ| wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb ivq GKwU
iZcY Dcv`vb, BmwZnmvbi welqwU Aviv ewk chvR|
mvnvweiv mbvnK wemRb w`q ivq cqvMi mZK wQjb| Avnj
nvw`mcxiv ivq c`vb _K weiZ _vKb| Abw`K AwaKvsk dKvnv
AvBbi ^vaxbfve ivq-Gi cqvM NUvZb Ges Zviv Avnji ivq
(
ej cwiwPZ|
AbKB gb Kib h, BmwZnmvb gjZ wKqvm Lvwd (
)| Zviv
gb Kib h, BmwZnmvb njv wKqvm Rvwj (
) _K wKqvm
LvwdZ (
) cQv| AviK aibi BmwZnmvb AvQ hLvb KwZcq
bvm, MnxZ c_v, `viivn (Doctrine of necessity cqvRbxqZv) A_ev
gvmjvnv (
Rb^v_) BZvw`i wfwZ mvg (Equity) Ges
bvqwePvii ^v_ ewZgKB mvaviY weavb wnme ai bqv nq|
Avj kvwdC KiAvbi 4:59 Ges 75:36 bs AvqvZqi wfwZ
BmwZnmvbi mgvjvPbv KiQb| wK G AvqvZq BmwZnmvbi
evcvi mwbw` bq| Avj Mvvwj BmwZnmvbi mgvjvPbv KiQb|
wK wZwb DjL Kib h kvwdC gvRnve KiAvb I mbvni wfwZ
BmwZnmvbK ^xKwZ `qv nqQ| Avj Avwgw` (GKRb kvwdC
AvBbwe`) DjL Kib h, kvwdC BmwZnmvbi Avkq wbqwQjb|
AvawbK AvBbwe`iv DjL Kib h BmwZnmvbi AvewkKZv A^xKvi
Kivi Dcvq bB|

BmwZnmvb
BmwZnmvb (AvBbMZ AMvwaKvi):
kvwK A_ BmwZnmvb (
) njv Kvbv wKQK AMvwaKvi `qv|
AvBbMZ A_ BmwZnmvb njv AvBbi kvwK cqvM _K DfZ
KVviZv Ges A^QZv cwinvi Kivi cwZ| aviYvMZ w`K _K
BmwZnmvb cwgv AvBb eeZ mvg (Equity) ki KvQvKvwQ| cwgv
AvBb mvg kwU cvKwZK AvBbi Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ, wK
BmwZnmvb Mo DVQ Iwni gj mii Dci wfw Ki|
BmwZnmvb kwiqvn nZ ^vaxb bq eis kwiqvniB GKwU AweQ` Ask|
mgvRi cwieZbkxj cqvRbxqZvi Pvwn`v gUvbvi Rb BmwZnmvb
AvBbi GKwU Acwinvh Ask| nvbvdx, gvwjKx Ges nv^jx gvRnvei
AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cqQ| Avevi kvwdC, wkqv Ges
Rvwnix gvRnvei AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cvqwb| hvnvK,
eveZv njv AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKZ|
BmwZnmvbi D`vniY w`Z wMq nRiZ Igi (iv.) KZK `wfi mgq
Pwii Aciva `a AvBb `wZi nvZ KvUvi kvw wMZ Kivi D`vniY
Dcvcb Kiv nq| GLvb GKwU ewZgx cwiwwZZ Bmjvgi GKwU
wbw` AvBbK ewZgx c`c wnme wMZ Kiv nq| GKRb AbZg
AvBbwe` Avj mvivLwm (
) BmwZnmvbK MY Kib Ggb GKwU
cwZ wnme hvi gvag KiAvbi mv_ msMwZ iL AvBbx KgK
mnR Kiv nq (2:185)| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj DjL KiQb mvnvwe Ges
ZvewqMY agv AvwiK AbmiYKvix wQjb bv| cvqB Zv`i c` ivq
kwiqvni gj BQv Ges Dki AvjvK c`vb KiQb Zviv| W. nvwkg
Kvgvwj BmwZnmvbi GKwU bZb D`vniY w`qQb| Bmjvgx AvBb
Kej gwLK mv cgvY wnme weewPZ nq| wK eZgvb wKQ
AvjvKwP, iKWKZ k Ges MelYvMvi KZ weklY AwaKZi
wekvmhvM cgvY wnme eeZ nZ cvi| G BmwZnmvb cwZi
gvag Avgiv mv MnYi gwLK mvi Pq AvawbK cwZK
AwaKZi cvavb w`Z cvwi|

21

mKj Lvjvdvq ivkw`b gvmjvnvi Dci Avgj KiwQjb| nRiZ

AveeKi (iv.) KiAvbK msKjb Kib| nRiZ Igi (iv.) miKvwi
Awdm Aceenvi Kivi Rb miKvwi KgKZv`i `vqx Kib| nRiZ
Dmgvb (iv.) KiAvb kwidi mwVK bKj eb Kib Ges wfbZv mb
cvVi bKj cwoq djb| nRiZ Avjx (iv.) KvwiMi Ges eemvqx`i
wRvq _vKv `e nvwiq Mj Zv`iKB Zvi Rb `vqx Kib|
AwaKvsk Avjg KZK gvmjvnvi (
) cvej^b Kiv nq| hvnvK,
gvmjvnvi c mePq k mg_b c`vb KiQb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg
kvwZwe Ges Abvb Aviv KwZcq Ijvgvi gZ gvmjvnv wZb cKvi|
h_v:
1. cqvRbxq (
`iwiqvZ);
2. mweav`vqK ( nvwRqvZ);
3. m`h`vqK (
ZvnwmwbqvZ)|
gvmjvnvK wbgic wZbfvMI fvM Kiv nqQ| h_v:
K. gvmjvnv gZveviv (wbfihvM gvmjvnv): GB gvmjvnv kwiqZi mKj
MnY Kiv nqQ| D`vniY ^ic ejv hvq h, gvwjKvbv ivi Rb
PviK kvw `qv|
L. gvmjvnv gimvjvn: GB aibi gvmjvnvK kwiqZ me MnYI
Kiwb ev me cwiZvMI Kiwb| Gi D`vniY nQ gmwjg
`kmgn cewZZ Hme `wjjv`x hv weevn A_ev mwi gvwjKvbv
cgvYi Rb Zwi Kiv nq _vK|
M. gvmjvnv gjMvn: GB aibi gvmjvnv me cwiZvM Kiv nqQ|
gvmjvnvK eaZv `qvi Rb wbgv kZmgn ciY KiZ ne:
1. gvmjvnv AekB AKwg nZ ne|
2. gvmjvnv AekB mveRbxb nZ ne (
Kwjqvn)|
3. gvmjvnv AekB bvm-Gi (Text) mv_ mvsNwlK ne bv|
Avj Zwd Zvi eB gvmvwjn Avj gimvjvn-Z DjL KiQb h,
Bev`Zi eZxZ A_ev kwiqvni mwbw` Kg Qvov gvmvwjn (
gvmjvnvi eePb) Abvb cgvYi Pq AMvwaKvi cve|
wKqvm, BmwZnmvb, BmwZmjvn BZvw`i ga AvtmK eYbv KiZ
hq DjL Kiv hZ cvi h, wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb AvewkKfve
bmmi (Text) BjvZi Dci wbfikxj| bmmi BjvZi Dci wfw Ki

gvmjvnv gimvjvn
gvmjvnv gimvjvn (
):
kvwK A_ gvmjvnv (
) A_ DcKvi ev jvf| hLb kwU gvmjvnv
gimvjvn (
) wnme weklvwqZ nq ZLb Gi A_ `vovq AevwiZ
Rb^v_| gvmjvnv gimvjvn BmwZmjvni cwZk Ges GwU gvmjvnv
gZjvKv wnmeI eeZ nq| Bgvg Mvvwj (iv.) gb Kib gvmjvnv
cvPwU welqK aviY Ki hv msiY Ki Rxeb, ag, ewew, esk I
mw Ges G Dcv`vbjv DcKviK msiY Ki Ges nvivgK
cwZiva Ki|
gvmjvnvi wfwZ Zvewqbiv g`v cYqb, RjLvbv vcb Ges LvivR
(LvRbv) Avivc Kivi wmv MnY Kib| Dmjwe`MY BmwZmjvni
evcvi HKgZ nqQb h Bev`Zi welq Ges kwiqvni Kvbv mwbw`
Kgi , hgb DivwaKvi AvBb, BmwZmjvni cqvM bB|
AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib BmwZmjvn AvBb cYqbi GKwU h_v_
cwZ| Avj kvwZwe `Lvb h GwU miv Avj Avw^qvi 107 bs AvqvZi
Dk mvab Ki hLvb ejv nqQ Avgiv ZvgvK RMZevmxi
ingZ ^ic ciY KiwQ| gvmjvnvi mg_b KiAvbi 5:6 AvqvZi
DjL Kiv hvq| AvjgMY gvmjvnvi mg_b wbgv nvw`mmgn DjL
Kib:
1. Bmjvg Kvbv Amweav AvivwcZ ne bv ev mn Kiv ne bv|
2. `Uv weKi ga ivmj (m.) mnRwUK MnY Kib hZY bv GwU
cvci KviY nq|
3. AvjvnZvqvjv Zvi `qv KVvi wewa cvjbi bvq mweavRbK wewaI
gvbl DcfvM KiQ GwU `LZ fvjvevmb|
Dciv DwZmgn GwU wbwZ Ki h, AvnKvg Kvqg Kivi bvg
Kvbv AcqvRbxq KVviZvi Abgv`b bB Ges gmwjg`i DwPZ
kwiqvn c` bgbxqZv Ges mweav MnY Kiv|

22

wKqvm I BmwZnmvb viv AvBbi mcmviY NU| wK hLb DwjwLZ

cKvi AvBb Zwi me nq bv ZLb gvmjvnvi wfwZ ev Rb^v_ AvBb
Zwi KiZ nq| GK`j wekl G cwZZ AvBb Zwii Zxe weivax|
wK G gZf Ijvgviv msLvjwN Ges Zv`i hwI Zgb Rvivjv
bq| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji gZ cwieZbkxj weki bZb cwiwwZK
gvKvwejv Kivi Rb Bmjvgx AvBbwe``i Rb gvmjvnv nQ cavb
cwZ|

Did Ges BmwZmnve

Did ( c_v):
Dmj mvwnZ DidK msvwqZ Kiv nqQ cbtmsNUbkxj Abkxjb
wnme hv RbmvaviYi wbKU cKwZMZ w`K _K Dg ej ^xKZ|
Did Ges GUv _K AvnwiZ gvid (
) `Uv kB KiAvb kwid
gjZ fvjv (g`i wecixZ) Ges Avjvni weavbi AvbMZ A_I
eeZ nqQ (3:110, 7:199)| Ze KiAvbi KwZcq vb Did
kwU c_v wnme eeZ nqQ (2:233 mvb cwZcvjbv_)|
kwiqvn ZvB bxwZMZfve c_vK nvjvj Ges nvivg wbaviYi Rb eaZv
w`qQ| wdKvnwe`iv DidK kwiqvni AvnKvg wbaviYi RbI MnY
KiQb| wdKvn HmKj weavb hv AvBbwe``i gZvgZ ev BRwZnv`i
Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ| `Lv MQ AbK weavb MwVZ nqQ cPwjZ
c_vi AvjvK| ZvB mgqi cwZ hw` c_vjv cwiewZZ nq Ze
D c_vi AvjvK MwVZ weavbjvi cwieZb Kivi AbgwZ kwiqvnZ
AvQ|
KwZcq dKvnv (
) (Bgvg mqwZ Ges mvivLwm) GKwU bxwZi DjL
KiQb weePbvi Rb| mwU njv c_vi gvag hv cgvwYZ Zv
kwiqZi gvag cgvwYZi m`k| G weavbwU Zii LjvdZ Avj
gvRvjvni AvBb M cYqbi mgq MnxZ nqwQj| Ze GB weavbwU
gmwjg `kmgni c_vi cqvMhvM Ges hw` c_vwU kwiqvni
Abvb weavb Ges mvievi mv_ mvsNwlK bv nq| Agmwjg mgvRi c_v
AZ mZKZvi mv_ wbixY KiZ ne|
ivmj (m.)-Gi Rxekvq Aviexq mgvR cPwjZ c_v Ges hmKj c_v
ivmj (m.) KZK evwZj nqwb mmKj c_vK ivmji (m.) bxie ^xKwZ
wnme ai wbZ ne Ges GmKj c_vK mbvn ZvKwiwiqvn wnme
weePbv KiZ ne| w`qvZ (igj) cwikva njv Gic GKwU
D`vniY| G gZ ewi cwieviK nZvKvix ewi AvwKjviv (cil
AvZxq) wZciYi A_ c`vb KiZ eva| bvixiv eva bq, Ze BQv

23

Kij c`vb KiZ cvi|

Didi wbgv kZmgn chvR:
1. GUv AekB mveRbxb Ges cbtmsNUbkxj nZ ne|
2. KvRKvievi msNUbi mgq Did AekB AbkxwjZ nZ ne, A_vr
AZxZi c_vi Kvbv wfw bB|
3. Did AekB KiAvb Ges mbvni bvm-Gi jNb Kie bv|
Did Ges BRgvi ga cv_K AvQ| Did AvewkKfve vbxq ev `kR
Abkxjb| Abw`K BRgv njv vb Ges `k wbwekl Ijvgv`i gvS
HKgZ| Dfqi gvS Aviv cv_K AvQ Ze mjv Zgb
DjLhvM bq| DidK KvDwj (
gwLK) Ges wdqwj (

AvPwiZ) GB `B fvM fvM Kiv hvq| KvDwj Did RbMYi gvS gwLK
gZKi mg^q MwVZ| dj cPwjZ A_ gL vb `Lj Ki Ges
kvwK A_ MY vb Pj hvq| wdqwj Did cbtmsNUbkxj Abkxjb hv
RbMY KZK ^xKZ, Zvi mg^q MwVZ nq|
Did KvDwj (
) Ges Did wdqwj (
) `UvB Avevi Aviv
`Uv DcfvM wef:
1. Avj Did Avj Avg (
): mKj vbi RbMY KZK Abkxjb|
2. Avj Did Avj Lvm (
): Kvbv wbw` vb, GjvKv ev `k
cPwjZ Abkxjb|
DidK Aviv `BfvM kwYe Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. Did mvwnn (
) KiAvb I mbvni AvjvK mvwnn|
2. Did Avj dvwm` (
) KiAvb I mbvni AvjvK ea bq|
W. Rvgvj Avj ev`vwe DidK wZb kwYZ fvM KiQb| h_v: BwZevPK,
wbic Ges bwZevPK| BwZevPK Didi D`vniY njv gnvbfeZv
A_ev AvwZ_qZv| wbic Didi D`vniY njv Ggb c_v hv Bmjvgx
AvBb I wkvi weivax bq| W. Rvgvj ev`vwe DjL KiQb h Kvbv
vbxq c_v hw` bwZevPK nq Ze Zv cwinvi Kiv evbxq|
Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme Did Le kKvZi welq| G
Avgv`i DwPZ AwaKvsk eqvR Bmjvgx wekli gZvgZi Dci
wbfi Kiv| KiAvbi 7:199 Ges 22:78 bs AvqvZqi wfwZ Didi
bvhZv ai bqv nq| Ze Gme AvqvZ G KvZC bq| KwZcq
nvw`mI Didi mg_b DjL Kiv nq Ze Gme nvw`mI Didi mg_b

cgvY bq| Did wbRI Gi AwaKvii evcvi ^vaxb cgvY bq|

hvnvK, Did Bmjvgx AvBbi evLv Ges cqvMi mnvqZvKvix
fwgKv cvjb Ki| AviKwU welqi DjL Kiv cqvRb h, AvawbK
Kvj wewae AvBbi msKjb wKQUv njI Didi cqvRbxqZv Kwgq
w`qQ|
Avgiv hgbwU ce DjL KiwQ Didi Dci wfw Ki Mo IVv AvBb
cwieZbhvM| Dmji cvVeBq Gi mg_b cgvY cvIqv hve|
fwelZI hLb cqvRb `Lv `e Did Ges BRwZnv`i wfwZ MwVZ
AvBbi cwieZb ne|
Dcmsnvi ejv hvq, Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme Didi cqvRbxqZv
Avi ewkw`b _vKe bv| hvnvK, Did gvS gvS Bmjvgx AvBbK
eSZ, evLv KiZ Ges cqvM KiZ mnvqZv Kie| G Le mZK
c`c bqv `iKvi|
BmwZmnve (
):
kvwK A_ BmwZmnvei A_ njv mvnPh| wK Dmj Avj wdKnZ
BmwZmnve Kvbv NUbvi AwZi Ges AbwZi Abgvb wnme eeZ
nq| Abvb cgvYi AbcwwZZ GwU cgvY wnme eeZ nZ cvi|
meRb KZK bv njI AbK wekl viv BmwZmnve eaZv cqQ|
BwZevPK A_ BmwZmnve njv Kvbv NUbvi (weevn wKsev DivwaKvi
nvi) avivevwnKZvi Abgvb Kiv, hw` bv wecixZ wKQ cgvwYZ nq|
hvnvK, avivevwnKZvi Abgvb cgvwYZ bvI nZ cvi hw` Pw Yvqx
cKwZi nq (BRviv)| BmwZmnve Aek bwZevPK NUbvi avivevwnKZvI
Abgvb Ki|
hnZ BmwZmnvei wfw Abgvbwbfi, ZvB BmwZmnve kwiqvni AvBb
cYqbi Kvbv kwkvjx wfw bq| dj BmwZmnvei mv_ Abvb
cgvYi weiva `Lv w`j Abvb cgvY cvavb cve| BmwZmnve Pvi
cKvii:
1. BmwZmnve Avj Av`g Avj Avmwj (
AbcwwZi
Abgvb) hvi A_ GKwU NUbv ev weavb hvi AwZ AZxZ wQj bv mUvi
AbcwwZUvB ai bqv ne|
2. BmwZmnve Avj IR` Avj Avmwj (
DcwwZi
Abgvb) hvi A_ Kvbv NUbvi DcwwZ ai wbZ ne hv AvBb ev hw
viv wbavwiZ ev cgvwYZ| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, GKRb ^vgx ea

24

weevni cgvYi KviY gvni w`Z eva|

3. BmwZmnve Avj Kg (
) hv AvBbi weavbi Ges gj bxwZi
avivevwnKZvi Abgvb Ki| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, hLb Kvbv AvBbi
ivq `qv nq ZLb ai bqv nq bZb ivqwU cei avivevwnKZvi
AvjvKB nqQ| hLb Kvbv welq GKwU AvBb ejer _vK mUv
(Abgv`b ev wblavv h evcviB nvK) GUv ai bqv nq h AvBb
AevnZ iqQ|
4. BmwZmnve Avj Iqvmwd (
Y AevnZ _vKv) A_vr
Kvbv Y AevnZ iqQ ai bqv hZY bv wecixZwU cgvwYZ nq|
hgb h cvwbK we Rvbv AvQ, ZvK we gb KiZ ne hZY
bv wecixZwU cgvwYZ nq|
Dmji Ijvgv`i gvS BmwZmnvei c_g wZbwU aiY wbq gZK
AvQ, Ze PZ_ aiYwU wbq AvQ gZZZv| wKQ iZcY AvBbMZ
^ZtwmZv BmwZmnve `Lv hvq| hgb:
1. m`ni viv wbqZv Aemvb nq bv (Avj BqvwKb jv BDRvj wej
kv)|
2. gjMZfve gvbl `vqg (evivn Avj wRvn Avj Avmvwjqvn)|
AbZg AvBbwe` nvmvb Zvi iwPZ ZvRw`` Dmj Avj wdKn Avj
Bmjvg M BmwZmnvei iZvejxi welq AvjvKcvZ Kib| Zvi
gZ BmwZmnvei cwiwai gvS cvKwZK wePvii (Natural Law) aviYv,
ea c_v Ges mgvRi Aviv wKQ welq AvZ Kivi KvhKi gZv
we`gvb|

mv Avj hvivB
hvwiqv (
) ki eePb hvivB hvi A_ gvag| mv A_ cwZeKZv
Zwi| Dmj kv mv Avj hvivB Gi A_ `vovq cvci gvagK
cwZnZKiY| mv Avj hvivB cvqB eeZ nq hLb Kvbv ea gvagi
viv Aea djvdji mvebv cKvk cvq|
`g KvhKi nIqvi AvMB Zv cwZiva nIqv evbxq GB aviYvi Dci
wfw KiB mv Avj hvivBqi aviYv MwVZ nqQ| KiAvb mv Avj
hvivBqi D`vniY AvQ (2:104, 6:108)| gvag AekB ji
(kwiqvni Dk) mv_ mvgmkxj nZ ne Ges j AekB gvagi
Dci cvavb cve| gvag hw` kwiqvni Dk cwicx KvR Ki Ze
ZvK AekB cwZiva KiZ ne| kwiqvni cvV _K Gi Dk
wPwZ Kiv me|
AvBbwe`iv GKwU mvaviY bxwZ MnY KiQb Zv njv nvivgi
cwZeKZv DcKvi jvfi Dci cvavb cve| hw` Kvbv gvag
cvcK civwPZ Ki Ze Zv AekB cwiZvR| mv Avj hvivBqi
AbgwZ mbvnZI `Lv hvq| hgb nRiZ gnv` (m.) FY`vZvK
FYMnxZvi wbKU _K Dcnvi wbZ eviY KiQb (GUv m` MnYi w`K
civwPZ KiZ cvi)| GKBfve DZi ga msNl nZ cvi G
KviY wZwb gbvwdK`i nZv Kiv wbla Kib| Zgwbfve wZwb
m`ni ek h Kvbv nZv wbwl Kib|
Dci DwjwLZ ee mI Dmji AvjgMY mv Avj hvivBqi
evcvi GKgZ nZ cvibwb| KD KD GUvi ^xKwZ w`qQb Avevi
AbK ^xKwZ `bwb| hvnvK, Bgvg kvwZwei (i.) gZvgZ njv
AwaKvsk IjvgvB mv Avj hvivBK bxwZMZfve MnY KiQb| Ave
hvniviI gZvgZ GKB aibi|
Abvqi w`K civPbvi mvebvi Dci wfw Ki hvivBK PvifvM fvM
Kiv nqQ:
1. mmKj gvag hv wbwZfve cvci w`K civwPZ Ki| GiKg

25

gvag mvweKfve wbwl|

2. mmKj gvag hv AwaKvsk Abvqi w`K civwPZ Ki Ges
Le Kg B DcKvi wbwZ Ki| Gi D`vniY njv hKvjxb mgq
mgiv wew Ges g` ZwiKviKi wbKU Avi wew Kiv| AwaKvsk
Ijvgv GmKj KvR Kiv wbla KiQb|
3. mmKj DcKiY hv cvci w`K civwPZ KiZ cvi, wK Gi Kvbv
wbqZv bB Ges cej mvebvI bB| G aibi gvag AeaKiYi
Ijvgv`i gvS evcK chvqi gZZZv AvQ|
4. mmKj gvag hv K`vwPr cvci c_ cwiPvwjZ Ki| Kvbv vb
Kc Lbb ev ^ikvmKi DcwwZZ mZK_b| IjvgvMY GmKj
gvagi c ivq w`qQb| Zviv GmKj KvRK ea ejQb|
mv Avj hvivB evcKfve eeZ nIqv DwPZ bq, weklZ Dci
DwjwLZ ZZxq kYxfZv bqB| Gi evcK eenvi gevnK (

AvBbmZ) Ges gvb`eK (

mcvwikKZ) eAvBbx Kiv ne hv
MnYhvM nZ cvi bv|
Bebj Avivwe Ges Ave hvniv mv Avj hvivB (
) eenvii
gacv Aej^bi ccvwZ| gvbli Pigcv ceYZvi KviY mv Avj
hvivB eenvii dj Avjvn Ges Zvi ivmj KZK c` ^vaxbZv niY
nZ cvi, hv KvbvfveB nZ `qv hZ cvi bv|

Kg kviC
Kg kviC (
): Kg kviC njv AvBb `vZvi (AvjvncvK ^qs
Ges Avjvni c _K ivmj (m.)) c GKwU `vwe hv gKvjvdi (
hvi Dci AvBb cqvMhvM, GKRb m Ges eq ew) AvPiY
mwKZ, Zvi iZ wK chvqi Zv wK evaZvgjK, cQ`bxq bv gevn,
AcQ`bxq bv nvivg|
hw` `vwewU (Text) AvBb wewae Ki Ze Zv ne Kg Avj ZvKwjwd
(
)| Avj Kg ZvKwjd (
) KgwU wewfb aibi nZ
cvi| h_v diR (
), IqvwRe (
), gv`e (
), gevn ( ),
gvKin () Ges nvivg (
)| AwaKvski gZ diR (
) Ges
IqvwRe (
) cii cwZk| hw` AvBb `vZvi wbKU _K wKQ Kivi
Rb evaZvgjK `vwe _vK ZLb ZvK IqvwRe ej| nvbvdx gvRnve
GwUK diR ejv nq| nvbvdx`i wbKU IqvwRe Ab GK aibi weavb
hvi cvV ev A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb chvqf nq| Zviv Kvbv `vweK
ZLbB diR AvLvwqZ Ki hw` cvV Ges Gi A_ DfqB KvZC nq Avi
GK IqvwRe chvqf Ki hw` cvV ev Gi A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb
chvqf nq|
Dci DwjwLZ IqvwRe, hv nvbvdx`i wbKU diR Ggb cgvYi wfwZ
MwVZ Kvbv evaZvgjK Av`ki A^xKvi Awekvmi chvq co|
evaZvgjK welqmgn wbgv chvq kwYf Kiv hvq:
1. IqvwRe AvBb (
mKj gKvjvdi Dci ewMZ
evaevaKZv) Ges IqvwRe wKdvqv (mwwjZ evaevaKZv, mgvRi
GKvski viv mvw`Z njB h_)|
2. IqvwRe gIqvvZ (
mgqmxgv viv mxgve, hgb bvgvR Ges
ivRv) Ges IqvwRe gZjvK (kZnxb IqvwRe hv KvbviKg mgq viv
mxgve bq hgb nR)|
3. IqvwRe gnvv` (
cwigvchvM IqvwRe, hgb RvKvZ Ges
bvgvR) Ges IqvwRe MvBi gnvv` (
AcwigvchvM IqvwRe,

26

hgb Mixe-`tLxK `vb, xK gvnivbv c`vb)|

gv`e (
mcvwikKZ): gv`e Ggb aibi `vwe hv gKvjvdi (
) Dci evaZvgjK bq| gv`e gvbj civi cvIqv hvq Ze cvjb e_
nj Kvbvic kvw AvivwcZ nq bv| IqvwRe Ges gv`ei ga GB
njv cv_K| gv`ei D`vniY njv IqvKd cwZv, Mixe-`tLxi Rb
`vb-LqivZ BZvw`| gv`eK mbvn, bdj Ges gvnveI ejv nq|
mbvnK (
gv`e) wbgv KqKwU fvM fvM Kiv nq:
1. mbvn Avj gqvv`vn (
)-Gi D`vniY njv AvRvb, RvgvZ
bvgvR AskMnY|
2. mbvn MvBi Avj gqvv`vn (
AwZwi mbvn)-Gi
D`vniY njv bdj bvgvR, evaZvgjK bq Ggb `vb-LqivZ|
mbvn Avj gqvv`vni (
) Aev wb`bxq Ze kvwhvM bq|
mbvn MvBi Avj gqvv`vni (
) Aev wb`bxq wKsev
kvwhvM KvbvwUB bq| KiAvb gv`ei D`vniY `Lv hZ cvi
2:282 Ges 24:3 bs AvqvZ|
gvnRi (
nvivg): gvnRi njv AvBb`vZv KZK gKvjvdi
(
) cwZ Kvbv wKQ evaZvgjKfve bv Kivi `vwe| Kvbv wKQ
wbla Kivi Rb IqvwRei (Dmji AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZK evLvKZ)
mgchvqi cgvYi cqvRb| A_vr Zvi cvV (Text) Ges A_ KvZC nZ
ne|
nvivgi cvVMZ cgvY bvbvfve DcvwcZ nZ cvi| hgb:
GwU Avi nZ cvi iwigvZ AvjvBKg (
) wbla Zvgv`i
cwZ (5:3)|
GwU GKwU bwZevPK k vivI (ZZ) nZ cvi| hgb jv ZvKZj
(
nZv Kiv bv), jv ZvKj (
Lqv bv Ges wbI bv
(2:188)| Kvbv wKQ cwinvi Kivi Av`kmPKI nZ cvi (5:90
g` I Rqv cwinvi KiZ)|
welqwU Abgv`bhvM bq GfveI mPbv nZ cvi jv Bqvnj jvKg
(
4:19)|
Kvbv AvPiYi Rb kvw c`vbi NvlYv w`qI wblavv nZ cvi|
KiAvbi `` msv AvqvZ Ges mmKj AvqvZ hLvb Rvnvbvgi
kvwi K_v ejv AvQ|

wblavvKI wbgvfve fvM Kiv hvq:

nvivg wj hvwZwn (
) hv Zvi wbRi KviY wbwl nqQ| hgb
g`, Rqv|
nvivg wj MvBwiwn (
) hv evwnK KviY wbwl nqQ| hgb Ab
gvbli mv_ weqi eaZv c`vbi Rb Kvbv gwnjvK weq Kiv|
gvKin (
) njv gv`ei (
) wecixZ| GwU Kivi Pq bv Kiv
fvjv| gvKin KvR Kiv kvwhvM ev bwZK `vli welq bq|
AwaKvski GwUB gZvgZ| nvbvdxiv Aek gvKinK wbgv `B fvM
fvM KiQ:
gvKin ZvbwRwn (
) Ges gvKin Zvnwiwg (
)| nvbvdx`i
gZ gvKin Zvnwiwg bwZK `vli KviY, hw`I Zv kvwhvM bq|
gevn ( nvjvj ev Rvqh) AvBb`vZvi GKwU evZv hv gKvjvdK
mhvM `q (2:173, 2:235, 5:6)| Dmji IjvgvMY gevnK Kg
kviCi Af KiQb hw`I Zv mv`bi Rb Kvbv evaevaKZv
bB|
Avj Kg Avj Iqvw`:
h weavb viv evav, kZ BZvw` Avivc Kiv nq| GLvb Kvbv AvBbK
wbw`KiY KiZ hq Kvbv wKQK KviY, Kvbv wKQK kZ ev evav
wnme DjL Kiv nq| G RvZxq nvw`mi D`vniY njv hLvb ejv
nqQ `Rb mvx eZxZ Kvbv weevn ne bv G ea weevni
Rb `Rb mvxK kZ wnme Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| D`vniY wnme
AviKwU nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb ejv nqQ
DivwaKvix`i Rb Kvbv IwQqZ (will) KvhKi bq| GLvb
Iqvwik`i evav Avivc Kiv nqQ| Kg Avj Iqvw` ev
NvlYvKZ AvBbK cvP fvM fvM Kiv hvq:
1. KviY,
2. kZ,
3. AvwRgvn ( ),
4. iLmvn ( ), Ges
5. gvwb (cwZeKZv)|
AvwRgvn njv Ggb aibi AvBb hLvb AvBb cYZvi BQv njv Kvbv
KviYekZ KvbviKg bgbxqZv c`kb QvovB AvBbwU KvhKi Kiv

27

(mvaviY cwiwwZZ mKj cKvii Bev`Z)|

iLmvn njv mgmvRwbZ KviY AvBbwUi ewZg (gYRwbZ KviY
ivRv fi AbgwZ)| iLmvn wZbwU KviY NUZ cvi| h_v:
1. cqvRbxqZvi cwZ Kvbv wbwl KvRi AbgwZ|
2. IqvwRe cwZcvjb Ki KviY nj IqvwRei iwnZKiY (gYi
mgq gYKvix`i bvgvRi mswKiY Ges ivRvi wMZKiY)|
3. h Pw mvaviYfve ea bq ZvK eaZv c`vbi | hgb
AwMg wew (evBq mvjvg) Ges Drcvw`Z nqwb Ggb Drcv`bRvZ cYi
Rb q Av`k (BmwZmbvn)|
Gi evBiI kwiqvni AvBbi Aviv wefvRb AvQ| hgb
1. mwnn (
ea)|
2. dvwm` (
AwbqwgZ)|
3. evwZj (
evwZj)|
Dciv kwY wefvRb nqQ Acwinvh cqvRbxqZvi (AviKvb
)
Ges AvnKvgi (kZi
) Dci wfw Ki| hLb AviKvb I AvnKvg
ciY nq ZLb m KvRK ea ev mwnn ej| GwU ciY bv nj KvRwU
evwZj ej weewPZ nq|
Ijvgviv G evcvi HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, Bev`Z agv mwnn
(
) ev evwZj (
) chvqf ne| jb`bi welqwUI Abic
ej AwaKvsk Ijvgvi AwfgZ| Ze nvbvdxiv G `qi gaeZx GKwU
AevK ea ej weePbv Kib hv dvwm` ej AwfwnZ| G kZ
cvjb wKQ NvUwZ _vK| cieZxZ NvUwZ hw` ciY Kiv nq Ze dvwm`
KvhwU mwnn ej weewPZ ne|
Kg kviC-Gi njv wZbwU| h_v:
1. AvBb`vZv ( nvwKg)|
2. welqe (
gvnKg wdn)|
3. gvnKg AvjvBn (
hvi Dci AvBbwU KvhKi)|
Bmjvg mKj AvBbi Drm kl ch AvjvnZvqvjv (5:45, 6:57)|
gvnKg wdn mmKj KvRK wb`k Ki hv gKvjvdi (
) Dci
IqvwRe, gv`e ev gevn wnme KiYxq| gvnKg AvjvBn (
)
kwiqvn KZK AvivwcZ AwaKvi Ges wewawbla hv`i Dci chvR|

GKRb ew hLb wbw` chvqi ewewK cwicZv Ges mgZv ARb

Ki ZLb m KvhKi AvBbx hvMZv ARb Ki| KvhKi AvBbx hvMZv
wki eqmi KviY Ges ggl ewi Rb AvswkK chvq _vK|
Kg kviCK Aviv `B fvM fvM Kiv me| h_v:
1. nvjvn (
)|
2. nvj Bev` (
)|
Bev`Z, ``, DKevn (kvw), Kvddviv (
), wRnv` (
) BZvw`
Avjvni AwaKvif|
nvj Bev` njv ev`v Z_v Avjvni mwi AwaKvi| hvi msiY Acwinvh
KZe wnme weewPZ| hgb Kviv MwQZ m` (AvgvbZ) msiY I
h_vwbqg gvwjKK mgcY| wLqvbZ ev Abi AwaKvi nc Kiv
gnvcvc| hgb Kviv A_-m` ev Ab Kvbv AwaKvi Y Kiv,
IqvwikK Zvi cvIbv bv `qv BZvw`| RvwZ, ag, eY, Mv wbwekl h
Kvbv gvbli B GwU chvR ne| GgbwK Abvb cvYxKji
I G weavb mgfve chvR| hgb cwieki wZ mvabceK
Abvqfve cvYxKji Lv`fve I Akvw mw Kiv|

28

GKwUK MnY KiZ ne| hw` G cwqvZI me bv nq Ze cgvY `wUi

mgqKvj chvjvPbv Kieb Ges ZvZ evwZjKiYi bxwZ cqvM KiZ
ne| GZ cieZx cgvY AMvwaKvi cve| hw` G cwqvZI me bv nq
Ze Dfq cgvYB evwZj KiZ ne| hLb we`gvb cgvY `wUi aib Avg
nq m GKRbi DwPZ weavbwUi cqvMi welqe wPwZ Kiv
(hgb GKwU eq`i KvhKi nZ cvi, AbwU KvhKi nZ cvi
Acveq`i A_ev GKwU KvhKi nZ cvi weevwnZ`i ,
AbwU KvhKi nZ cvi AweevwnZ`i )| GKwU mv hw` nq Avg
Ges AbwU hw` nq Lvm, Ze Gi mgvavb njv ZvLwmm Avj Avg (Avgi
wKq`ski wbw`KiY)|
cZxqgvb weivai KviY hLvb `Uv cgvY GKB mv_ KvhKi Kiv
me bq m wbgv wewa AbmiY Kiv hZ cvi|
1. cvV A cvVi Dci cvavb cve|
2. mvwin (
RwUjZvnxb) cvVK wKbvqvn (
`eva) cvVi
Dci Ges nvwKwK (
kvwK) cvVK gvRvwR (
icK) cvVi
Dci AMvwaKvi `qv ne|
3. Beviv Avj bvmK (
) Bkviv Avj bvmi (
) Dci
AMvwaKvi `qv ne|
4. gZvIqvwZi (
) nvw`m gvki (
) nvw`mi Dci Ges gvki
nvw`m Avnv` ( ) nvw`mi Dci AMvwaKvi cve|
5. dwKn ( ) ev wewk mvnvwe KZK ewYZ nvw`m Ab`i Dci cvavb
cve|
6. wblavv Abgv`bi Dci AMvwaKvi cve|
hw` KvbvfveB mg^qmvab ev GKwUK AbwUi Dci AMvwaKvi `qv
me bv nq Ze mv `wUK evwZji c`c wbZ ne|
G kviC m njv
A_vr mg-ghv`vmb `wU cgvY hLb ciiweivax ic cZxqgvb ne,
ZLb `wUB evwZj ej MY ne| ceeZx Aavq evwZjKiYi weavb
AvjvwPZ nqQ| weev`gvb `wU wKqvmi gvS mg^q me bv nj
GKwUK AMvwaKvi `qv ne|

ZvAvi`
ZvAvi` (
):
ZvAvi` (
cgvYmgni ev weavbi gvS weiva): ZvAvi` gvb
weiva| Dmj Avj wdKn ZvAvi` ejZ evSvq kwiqvni `Uv cgvY
GKB kwgvmb, Ze cgvY `Uv cii wecixZgLx| `Uv cgvYi
kw hw` Amg nZv Ze Gic weivai De nZv bv, Kbbv m
AwaKZi kwkvjx cgvYwUK `ej cgvYi Dci cvavb `qv nZv| G
KviYB KvZC I Rvwb cgvYi gvS Kvbv weiva bB|
hw` wecixZ gZi c KiAvbi `Uv AvqvZ A_ev KiAvbi GKwU
AvqvZ Ges GKwU gZvIqvwZi nvw`m A_ev `Uv Avnv` nvw`m mv
wnme _vK Ze weiva `Lv `q|
weiva agv ZLbB `Lv `q, hw` `Uv cgvYi c` ivqi gvS
Kvbvic mg^q mvab Kiv bv hvq| A_vr GKwUi welqe _K AbwUi
welqei wfbZv hw` bv Kiv hvq, wKsev cgvY `Uvi mgqKvji wfbZv
wbicY bv Kiv hvq (A_vr GwU wbwZ Kiv hvq bv Kvb cgvYwU cii)|
KvZC mvi gvS Gic weiva K`vwPr NU| weivRgvb AwaKvsk
weivaB eve bq eis cZxqgvb| Gme evn weiva wbimbi cwZmgn
njv:
1. mg^qmvaY,
2. wbw`KiY,
3. GKwUi Dci AbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb|
bvm Avi BRgvi ga weiva AwPbxq Kbbv BRgv KLbv bvmK jNb
KiZ cvi bv|
GKRb gRZvwn`i AekKiYxq njv cZxqgvb Gme weivai
mg^qmvab Kiv| hw` weev`gvb mv `wU `B cwiwwZi Rb chvR nq,
Ze mfve evLv Kiv `iKvi| hw` GUv me bv nq Ze gRZvwn`K
weePbv KiZ ne Dfqi ga KvbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb Kieb A_vr

29

`Uv LeB DjLhvM| c_g nvw`mwU njv hLvb gAvR web Rvevj
(iv.) ivmj (m.)-Gi cwZDi ejQb hw` wZwb KiAvb ev nvw`m
mgmvi mgvavb LR bv cvb, Ze BRwZnv`i vi neb Ges ivmj
(m.) GZ mwZ w`jb (Ave `vD`)| wZxq nvw`m njv hLvb ivmj
(m.) ejQb GKRb gRZvwn` `Uv mIqve cveb hw` wZwb h_v_ nb,
Avi GKwU mIqve cveb hw` wZwb fj Kib (Ave `vD`)|
BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZvi welq KwZcq wekl DjL
KiQb| G welq KiAvb I nvw`m wKQi DjL bB| cg kZvxZ
Avej mBb Avj emix c_gevii gZv gRZvwn`i hvMZvi
gvcKvwVi welq AvjvKcvZ Kib Ges cieZxZ Mvvwj I Avwgw` Zv
MnY Kib| GUv wVK h BRwZnv`i Rb GKRb hvM wekli
cqvRb| BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZv njv:
1. Aviwe fvlv mK fvjv vb|
2. KiAvb, nvw`m Ges GZ`mwKZ welq AekB vbx nZ ne|
3. ceeZx gRZvwn` KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` welq vbx nZ ne|
4. kwiqvni gvKvwm` mK vbx nZ ne|
5. gRZvwn`K AekB mr cKwZi Ges mej I `ej mvi gvS
cv_K Kivi hvM nZ ne|
GUv AekB cZxqgvb nq h, cqvRbxq hvMZvi gvcKvwV AZ
KVvi| wK eve welq Zv bq| GKRb GKwb Ges hvM ewi c
GKwU wbw` mgqi ga Gme hvMZv ARb Kiv me| AwaKvsk Ijvgv
G gZ cvlY Kib h hw` GKRb ew GKwU BRwZnv`i
hvMZv ARb Kib Ze wZwb mKj B BRwZnv`i AwaKvi ivLb|
BRwZnv`i aib Ggb h gRZvwn` c_g KiAvb Ges mbvnZ mgvavb
LReb Ges mLvb hw` mgvavb bv cvb Ze wZwb BRwZnv`i iYvcb
neb|
AwaKvski gZvgZ njv BRwZnv` fj nZ cvi| msLvjN Ask gb
Kib Avjv`v ivqi cwZwUB Zv`i hvMZv Abhvqx wVK|
gRZvwn``i bvbvfve wefvRb Kiv me| Ze AbK gRZvwn``i
evSvi gZvi Dci wfw Ki kwY wefvRb KiQb| gwjK kwY
wefvRb njv wbgic:
1. DjLhvM gRZvwn` hviv wbRivB BRwZnv`i weavb Zwi KiQb
Ges evcK msLvq BRwZnv` KiQb|

BRwZnv`
BRwZnv` (
): gj k Rn` ev Rvnv`v (
) _K BRwZnv`
(
) kwU DcRvZ| BRwZnv` kwUi AvwiK A_ njv msMvg Kiv
ev AvZcPv| BRwZnv` ewewK cPvK aviY Ki| BRwZnv`
BmjvwgK AvBbi GKwU evcK Drm Ges KiAvb I mbvni ciB Gi
vb|
ivmj (m.)-Gi BwKvji ga w`q KiAvb Ges mbvn cwicYZv
cqQ| wK BRwZnv` Pjgvb welq bZb eveZvi mv_ DchvRb,
bZb wePvh welqK gvwbq bqvi gZv Ges KiAvb I mbvni ci GwU
Bmjvgx AvBbi GKwU iZcY Drm ev cwZ hv bZb AvBb mw Ki|
KiAvb Ges mbvni evBi Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme BRwZnv`B
AvekKxqfve bZb bZb AvBb iPbv Ki| hw` KiAvb Ges mbvni
cvV cwivifve weavbi DjL _vK ZLb BRwZnv` KvhKi _vK bv|
BRwZnv` viv c` ivq AvewkKfve Rvwb cKwZi| BRwZnv`i
welqe kwiqvni cvqvwMK weavb hv bm KZK evLvZ nqwb|
BRwZnv` wekl`i `vwqZ| welqwU hw` Riwi nq Ze BRwZnv`hvM
wekl`i Rb Zv evaZvgjK (dvi` Avj AvBb ev IqvwRe Avj
AvBb)| hw` welqwU Riwi bv nq Ze Gi mgvavb mgwMZfve `vqe
(dvi` Avj wKdvqv ev IqvwRe Avj wKdvqv)|
GKRb wekl ZvKwj` (
Ab GKRb weklK A AbKiY)
cwinvi Kieb| mvaviY gvbli Rb ZvKwj` Abgvw`Z| Beb nvRg
gb Kib ZvKwj` Kviv RbB Abgvw`Z bq| kvn IqvjxDjvn DjL
KiQb h mvgvb wKQ njI Abmvbi hvMZv ivL Zvi Rb
ZvKwj` Abgvw`Z bq|
BRwZnv` KiAvb, mbvn Ges mvnvwe`i PPv viv cgvwYZ| BRwZnv`i
mg_b KiAvb DwjwLZ AvqvZmgn njv 4:59, 9:122, 29:69 Ges
59:2| GmKj AvqvZ cKwZMZ w`K _K Rvwb aibi|
BRwZnv`i ^c AmsL nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi| Gjvi ga

30

2. Abvb gRZvwn` hviv AwaKvsk Abvb gRZvwn` KZK

cYxZ BRwZnv`i wewa AbmiY Kib Ges wKQ BRwZnv`
KiQb|
wKQ wKQ wekl c_g KqK kZvx ci Avi BRwZnv` ne bv ejQb|
GB gZvgZ GLb cZvLvZ nqQ| Avjvgv kvIKvwb ejb, G gZ
Povfve cwiZvR| Avjvgv BKevji gZ BRwZnv`i `iRv e Ki
`qv GKwU cKZ AjxK Kvwnbx| Bmjvgx mfZvi fwelr DbwZ wbfi
KiQ hvM wekl KZK cYxZ BRwZnv`i Dci| fwelZ
mwwjZfve AwaKZi BRwZnv` cYxZ ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq|

Mcw
1. wcwcvjm Ae BmjvwgK RwimcW, W. gnv` nvwkg Kvgvwj, w` BmjvwgK
UU mvmvBwU, 5 wMb wU, KvgweR, wmwe23RBD, BDK, 1991|
2. w` WKwUb Ae BRgv Bb Bmjvg, Avng` nvmvb, BmjvwgK wimvP BwUwUDU,
Bmjvgvev`, 1970|
3. w` wdjvmwd Ae RwimcW Bb Bmjvg, mewn ivRe gvngvmvwb, B R wej,
wjBWb, 1911|
4. Dmj Avj wdKni Dci iwPZ wewfb eB Ges wbe, W. Zvnv Rvwei Avj
AvjIqvwb, AvBAvBAvBwU, BDGmG|
5. Dmjj wdKn, Ave hvniv, W. Avj wdKi Avj Avivwe, Kvqiv, 1958|
6. Bjg Dmwjj wdKn, Av Avj Iqvnve Lvjvd, `vi Avj Kvjvg, KqZ, 12
Zg msKjb, 1978|
7. Dmjj wdKn, kvBL gnv` Avj Lvix, `vi Avj wdKn, Kvqiv, 1981|

31