CAPITOLUL 6

TOUR-OPERATORII

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special în AQJOLD úL *HUPDQLD GDU HVWH PDL

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Japonia. Tour-operatorii, spre deosebire de

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dimensiuni, puternic concentrate pe plan

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Specializarea tour-operatorilor în fabricarea

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de turism care nu intervin decât în

comercializarea produselor turistice. Tour-
operatorii au deci statutul juridic de agent de
WXULVP GDU úL GH DVRFLD LH FDUH IDEULF  úL

vinde forfetar produsele turistice integrate.

 TOUR-OPERATORII

PLANUL 6.1. Tour-operatorLLSHSLD DSURGXVHORUWXULVWLFH

CAPITOLULUI 6.2. Firme tour-operatoare în turismul mondial
6.3. Modele de organizare a firmelor tour-operatoare
6.4. Principalii tour-operatori din România

• Voiaj forfetar
• Circuit
• Fly & drive
CONCEPTE • 3DFKHWGHYDFDQ

• Fly & cruise

• Strategia de specializare
• 6WUDWHJLDGHDERUGDUHJHQHUDOLVW
 6
Tour-operatorii

Tour-operatorii moderni – sau organizatorii voiajelor de grup sau

individuale – DúD FXP vL FXQRDúWHP DVW ]L DF LRQHD]  vQF  GH OD
MXP WDWHD VHFROXOXL DO ;,;-OHD úL SUREDELO F  VXQW XUPDúLL

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Cine
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-
sunt YkQ]DUHF WUHWXULúWLDYRLDMHORURU
ganizate.
tour-operatorii? „Tour-operatorii sunt întreprinderi turistice comerciale,
specializate în crearea de voiaje forfetare”.1 De capacitatea lor
GH D DWUDJH úL D GLUHF LRQD XQ QXP U FvW PDL PDUH GH SHUVRDQH

F WUH F O WRULL H[WHUQH GHSLQGH vQ FHD PDL PDUH P VXU  FUHúW erea
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detaliat , cuprinzând un ansDPEOX PDL PXOW VDX PDL SX LQ

vQWLQV GH SUHVWD LL WXULVWLFH SHQWUX XQ SUH  IL[ GHWHUPLQDW

dinainte. &UHDUHD SURGXVXOXL WXULVWLF DUH ORF vQDLQWHD PDQLIHVW ULL

FHUHULL 'HVWLQD LD PLMORDFHOH GH WUDQVSRUW RUDUHOH FD]DUHD

serviciile complementare se aleg DQWHULRU OD IHO úL PRGXO GH

Voiajul forfetar vQVR LUH 3DFKHWXO RIHULW VH UHIHU  OD XQ VHMXU úL FXSULQGH F O WRULD

dus-vQWRUV vQVR LUHD WUDQVIHUXULOH FD]DUHD PDVD GLYHUWLVPHQWXO

DVLJXUDUHD LQFOXVLY DVLJXUDUHD vQ FD]XO DQXO ULL YRLDMXOXL úL

eventual serviciile specLDOH SHQWUX WXULVPXO GH V Q WDWH VDX

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FXPVXQWFOXEXULOHGHYDFDQ úLFLUFXLWHOHvQGHS UWDWHWLQGHV VH

dezvolte plata din diferite forme de credite.

Voiajele forfetareSRWILSUH]HQWDWHvQIRUPDWUDGL LRQDO UHVSHFWLYvQIRUPXOHOHÄWRWXOLQFOXV´VDXvQI ormule

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SHQVLXQH FRPSOHW  FLUFXLWHOH RUJDQL]DWH úL FURD]LHUHOH 6HMXUXO FX SHQVLXQH FRPSOHW include voiajul dus-
vQWRUV úL WUDQVIHUXUL FD]DUH úL PDV  $FHVWD HVWH R IRUPXO  WUDGL LRQDO  DWkW D KRWHOXULORU GLQ VWD LXQLOH

WXULVWLFHFkWúLRIRUPXO PRGHUQ SURSXV GHFOXEXULOHGHWXULVPFDUHDGDXJ XQSURJUDPGHDQLPD LHúLGH

VSRUWXUL 7HQGLQ D DFWXDO  HVWH HYROX LD IRUPXOHL ÄWRWXO LQFOXV´ VSUH GH mi-SHQVLXQH FD]DUH úL PLF GHMXQ VDX
VLPSO  FD]DUH PDL DOHV SULQ GH]YROWDUHD JDUVRQLHUHORU -hotel. Circuitele VXQW R FRPELQD LH GH H[FXUVLL VDX
YL]LWH FDUH SRW IL vQVR LWH VDX QX GH FD]DUH vQ SHQVLXQH FRPSOHW  GHPLSHQVLXQH VDX FX PLF GHMXQ &HO PDL

adeseD PLMORFXO GH WUDQVSRUW XWLOL]DW HVWH DXWRFDUXO VDX DYLRQXO PDL UDU WUHQXO )RUPXOHOH PL[WH DVRFLD] 

WUDQVSRUWXO FX DQXPLWH SUHVWD LL (VWH FD]XO IRUPXOHORU ÄIO\ DQG GULYH´ úL ÄIO\ DQG KRWHO´ FDUH SH OkQJ 

WUDQVSRUW FX DYLRQXO RIHU  YRXFKHUH SHQWUX KRWHO FDUH SRW IL XWLOL]DWH vQ PDL PXOWH VWD LXQL WXULVWLFH XQHOH

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V Q WDWHSDUWLFLSDUHDODXQFRQJUHVHWF

1
 

 
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Vellas, F., Turismul -
 6.1. Tour-RSHUDWRULLSHSLD DSURGX selor turistice

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-
DJHQ LLOH GH YRLDM WRXU -operatorii „sunt întreprinderi de mari dimensiuni, puternic concentrate pe plan
2
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RIHUW  'H DVHPHQHD HL VH SRW GLIHUHQ LD GXS  SR]L LRQDUH GXS  GHVWLQD LH GXS  SURILOXO VRFLR -demografic
DOFOLHQWHOHLGXS DFWLYLW LOHRIHULWH

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GHSDUWDPHQWXO SURGXF LH MRDF  XQ URO HVHQ LDO WRXU -operatorul având
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tour-operatorului • RIXQF LHGHVWXGLXGHSLD úLGHSUHYL]LXQH

• RIXQF LHGHFHUFHWDUHDSURGXVHORU

• RIXQF LHWHKQLF GHIDEULFDUHDSURGXVHORUWXULVWLFH

• RIXQF LHHFRQRPLF OHJDW GHIL[DUHDSUH XULORU

Produsul pe care tour-RSHUDWRULLvO RIHU  HVWHSDFKHWXO de servicii format din servicii de transport, cazare în
KRWHO WUDQVIHU OD úL GH OD DHURSRUW 3H OkQJ  DFHVWHD SDFKHWXO SRDWH FXSULQGH úL VHUYLFLL GH GLYHUWLVPHQW

SOLPE UL vQFKLULHUL PDúLQL úL DOWHOH $YDQWDMXO SH FDUH vO SUH]LQW  DFHVW SURGXV SHQWUX WXULúWL HVWH SUH XO

forfetar, FDUH HVWH PDL PLF GHFkW VXPD WDULIHORU VHUYLFLLORU FXSULQVH vQ SDFKHW GDF  DFHVWHD DU IL IRVW

FXPS UDWH VHSDUDW 8Q DOW DYDQWDM SH FDUH vO SUH]LQW  YRLDMXO IRUIHWDU SHQWUX WXULVW HVWH comoditatea
DFKL]L LRQ ULL XQXL VLQJXU SURGXV GH F O WRULH WXULVWXO ILLQG VFXWLW GH JULMD OX ULL XQHL GHFL]LL SHQWUX

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YDFDQ  WUDVHX RELHFWLYH GLYHUWLVPHQW HWF ÌQ SOXV DFKL]L LRQDUHD XQ ui produs al unui tour-operator cu
UHSXWD LHUHGXFHSRVLELOLWDWHDDSDUL LHLULVFXULORUOHJDWHGHFDOLWDWHDSURGXVXOXL

3
6XQWFXQRVFXWHGRX WLSXULGHSDFKHWHGHYDFDQ 

a) SDFKHWXO GH YDFDQ  FDUH DUH FD GHVWLQD LH XQ KRWHO GH VWD LXQH

úLFDUHVHFDUDFWHUL]HD] SULQOLSVDDWUDF LLORUSUHDVFXPSH

Pachetul b) tour--XO FX JKLG FRQGXV FDUH LQFOXGH SHLVDMXO úL DOWH DWUDF LL
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de FDSDELOV UH]ROYHRVHULHGHSUREOHPHFHSRWDS UHD3HOkQJ 
YDFDQ tour-operatori acWLYHD]  úL FRPSDQLLOH DHULHQH 0XOWH GLQWUH

DFHVWHD SDUWLFLS  OD DIDFHUL KRWHOLHUH (OH SRW SURSXQH SDFKHWH

GHVHUYLFLLGHWUDQVSRUWDHULDQúLFD]DUHKRWHOLHU 

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companiile de transport aerian pun la punct detalii referitoare la

PRGDOLW LOH GH IRORVLUH D DHURQDYHORU OD FRVWXULOH LPSOLFDWH
Contractul cu SUHFXP úL OD SHQDOLW LOH FH WUHEXLH SO WLWH vQ FD]XO QHUHVSHFW ULL

transportatorul contractelor. Contractele încheiate cu transportatorul aerian

aerian DYkQG FDRELHFWFXUVHOHUHJXODWHFRQVWDXvQDORFDUHDXQXLQXP U

de locuri tour-operatorului. Se cade de acord asupra unei date

GXS  FDUH FRPSDQLD DHULDQ  SRDWH YLQGH ORFXULOH DORFDWH WRXU
-
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cursele charter, tour-RSHUDWRUXOSO WHúWH GLQYDORDUHDFXUVHL

vQDLQWHD]ERUXOXLúLUHVWXOGXS HIHFWXDUHDDFHVWHLD

În ultima vreme s-DXU VSkQGLWSDFKHWHOHGHYDFDQ vQFDUHHVWHDVLJXUDW GRDUFD]DUHDVHUYLFLLOHGHPDV 

ILLQGDVLJXUDWHGHWXULVWúLSDFKHWHOHGHYDFDQ vQFDUHWUDQVSRUWXOVHIDFHFXDXWRPRELOXOFRQGXVGHWXULVW

(în acest caz, elementul de transport asigurat de voiajul forfetar este feribotul).

3DFKHWHOH GH YDFDQ  VXQW FRQFHSXWH úL RIHULWH GH WRXU RSHUDWRUL SH ED]H VSHFXODWLYH úL GH DFHHD HVWH
-
LPSRUWDQWSHQWUXDFHúWLD V SRDW LQIOXHQ D FHUHUHDvQ IDYRDUHD YRLDMHORUIRUIHWDUH$FHVWH SURGXVH LQFOXG

RYDORDUHDG XJDW YDULDELO GHODXQSURGXVODDOWXO

În categoria tour-RSHUDWRULORU LQWU  úL FRPSDQLLOH PDULWLPH SURGXVXO

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DSHOHD]  SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD FD] ULL OD KRWHO &URD]LHUHOH YL]HD]  XQ

pachet de servLFLL GH YDFDQ  SUHVWDWH vQ FDGUXO XQXL KRWHO SOXWLWRU

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Companiile
FURD]LHUH VXQW IRDUWH VROLFLWDWH &URD]LHUHOH SUH]LQW  FkWHYD DY antaje
maritime SHQWUXWXULúWL

• servirea mesei se poate face 24 de ore din 24, de la un mic dejun

FRQVLVWHQWODFLQ 

• XQVWHZDUGVHRFXS GHFHOPXOWGRLSDVDJHUL

• WXULúWLL DX R JDP  ODUJ  GH SRVLELOLW L GH GLYHUWLVPHQW EDUXUL

UHVWDXUDQWHVDO GHILWQHVVFLQHPDúLFD]LQR

Croazierele pot fi:

a) FURD]LHUHFDUHRIHU XQFLUFXLWSULQPDLPXOWHSRUWXUL
b) ]ERUúLFURD]LHU – „fly & cruise” - introdus în 1980;
c) „cruise and stay”: croazierele de tip „fly & cruise” pot fi
FRPELQDWHFXFD]DUHODXQKRWHOSHXVFDWSHQWUXRSHULRDG GH
Tipuri
timp;
de croaziere d) FURD]LHU vQMXUXOOXPLL

e) FURD]LHU FXWHPDWLF FURD]LHUHSHQWUXYL]LWDUHDXQRUUXLQH

istorice din estul Mediteranei; croaziere muzicale (pe vapor

HVWHLQYLWDW RRUFKHVWU 
5H]HUYDUHD SHXQ YDSRUGH FURD]LHU  vQFHSH SULQDOHJHUHD FDELQHL$FHDVW  DOHJHUHGHSLQGHGHQXP UXOGH

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OrgaQL]DWRULL GH FURD]LHUH HXURSHQL FHL PDL FXQRVFX L VXQW francezi (Paquet, Club Méditerranée), greci
(Chandris, Epirotiki), italieni (Costa), scandinavi (Kloster, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line), UXúL, englezi
(P&O, White Star Line, Cunard Line).4

ContracteOH SULYLQG FD]DUHD WXULúWLORU SH FDUH OH vQFKHLH WRXU-

operatorii pot fi de mai multe feluri:
1) FkQGDFHúWLDVHREOLJ V SO WHDVF XQQXP UGHSDWXULFKLDUGDF 
acestea vor fi ocupate sau nu ulterior. În acest caz, avantajul
FRQVW  vQ IDSWXO F  WRXU-operatoUXO SRDWH RIHUL XQ SUH  PDL EXQ
5H]HUY ULOH
LDUGH]DYDQWDMXOHVWHF RULFHORFQHRFXSDWHVWHRSLHUGHUHSHQWUX
GHVSD LLGHFD]DUH
tour-operator.
2) când tour-RSHUDWRUXOXL L VH DORF  XQ QXP U GH ORFXUL SkQ  OD R

DQXPLW GDW $FHVWWLSGHFRQWUDFWSUH]LQW DYDQWDMXOF vQXUPD

negocieriloU VH SRDWH RE LQH XQ SUH  UH]RQDELO LDU SHQWUX WRXU-
RSHUDWRU VFDGH ULVFXO QHRFXS ULL ORFXULORU 'XS  H[SLUDUHD GDWHL

tour-RSHUDWRUXO SRDWH IDFH UH]HUY UL SULQ ID[ SHQWUX ORFXULOH

neocupate.
3) rezervarea ad-KRFSULQID[DORFXULORUVROLFLWDWHGHFOLHQ LDOF UHL
DYDQWDM HVWH IDSWXO F  WRXU-operatorul nu-úL DVXP  QLFL XQ ULVF

([LVW úLGH]DYDQWDMXOFRVWXOXLSUHDPDUHSHQWUXFOLHQW

'LQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOORFDOL] ULLWRXU -operatorii se deosebesc de hoteluri, care de obicei sunt localizate în

QXP U PDL PDUH vQ ULOH UHFHSWRDUH GH WXULúWL HL ILLQG ORFDOL]D L vQ ULOH HPL WRDUH GH WXULúWL DYkQG WRWXúL

ILOLDOHvQXQHOH ULUHFHSWRDUHPDLPDUL

([SHULHQ D WRXU RSHUDWRULORU FD SURGXF WRUL úL GLVWULEXLWRUL GH VHUYLFLL WXULVWLFH FXQRDúWHUHD SLH HL
-
interna LRQDOHúLDFFHVXOORUODVHUYLFLLFRPSOHPHQWDUHFUHHD] RGHSHQGHQ D ULORUUHFHSWRDUHGHDFHúWLD

Activitatea tour-RSHUDWRULORU VH GHVI úRDU  XQHRUL SULQ LQWHJUDUHD SH RUL]RQWDO  FD] vQ FDUH Fk LYD WRXU -
RSHUDWRULPDULGRPLQ VHFWRUXO$OWHRULWRXU RSHUDWRULLVHLQWHJUHD] SHYHUWLFDO FXOLQLLOHDHULHQHúLVDXFX
-
ODQ XULOHKRWHOLHUH

1XP UXOúLVWUXFWXUDWRXU-operatorilor depind de gradul de

integUDUHDOSURGXVHORUSHFDUHOHDVLJXU úLGHFDSDFLW LOHGHFDUH

GLVSXQ(LVHSRWvPS U LvQWUHLFDWHJRULLSULQFLSDOH

a) JHQHUDOLúWLXQLYHUVDOLFDUHFUHHD] úLSXQODGLVSR]L LD

Categorii de
beneficiarilor categorii diverse de produse;
tour-operatori b) VSHFLDOL]D L, care sunt profilD LSHXQVLQJXUJHQGHWXULVP
c) punctualiFDUHVXQWSURILOD LSHSURGXVHRIHULWHODFRPDQGD
XQRUJUXSXULGHFOLHQ L

4 F?B @ C?BH
Witt, St. F., Brooke, M.Z., Buckley, P.J., Managementul turismului inte , Unwin Hyman Ltd, 1995, pg. 368.
'H]YROWDUHD UDSLG  D WRXU RSHUDWRULORU D JHQHUDW VFKLPE UL vQ PDQDJHPHQWXO ILUPHORU úL vQ PRGXO ORU GH
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RSHUDUHGHYHQLQGDEVROXWQHFHVDU RED] ILQDQFLDU VROLG SHQWUXDVHSXWHDDFKLWDSUH XOFXUVHORUFKDUWHU

ÌQ FRQVHFLQ  XQLL WRXU RSHUDWRUL FX GLPHQVLXQL PRGHVWH DX IRVW DEVRUEL L GH PDUL FRUSRUD LL FX DFWLYLWDWH
-
GLYHUVLILFDW DO LLV DXDVRFLDWFXFRPSDQLLDHULHQHVDXODQ XULKRWHOLHUHLDUDO LLV
- -au implicat în dezvoltarea
VWD LXQLORUWXULVWLFH

ÌQJHQHUDOvQDSUHFLHUHD LPSRUWDQ HLXQHL ILUPHGHWXULVPVHLDXvQ

FRQVLGHUDUH FLIUD GH DIDFHUL YDORDUHD DG XJDW  úL QXP UXO GH

Strategii pentru FOLHQ L ÌQ FD]XO WRXU-RSHUDWRULORU FLIUHOH RE LQXWH WUHEXLH

vânzarea iQWHUSUHWDWHGLIHULW'HIDSWDFHDVW  DFWLYLWDWHSUHVXSXQHXQSURGXV

FXSULQ]kQG XQ PLMORF GH WUDQVSRUW OD FDUH VH DGDXJ  XQD VDX PDL
F O WRULLORU
PXOWH SUHVWD LL GH KRWHO ULH GH DJUHPHQW 8QLL WRXU -operatori
YkQG GRDU ]ERUXUL (L VH FRPSRUW  FD QLúWH DQJURVLúWL úL D u o
DFWLYLWDWH GH WLFNHWLQJ 9kQ]DUHD GRDU GH ]ERUXULF O WRULL FX

DYLRQXO SUHVXSXQH DGRSWDUHD GH F WUH WRXU -operator a uneia din

VWUDWHJLLOHXUP WRDUH

• FXPS U  GHOLEHUDW ORFXUL vQ DYLRQ vQ QXP U PDUH SHQWUX D

EHQHILFLD GH UHGXFHUL LPSRUWDQWH úL D PRQWD YR iaje forfetare la

SUH XULDWUDFWLYHÌQDFHVWFD] DFWLYLWDWHDGHWLNHWLQJFRQVWLWXLHR

D[ GHYkQ]DUHVWUXFWXUDO 

• UH]HUY XQ DQXPLW QXP UGHORFXUL GRDUSHQWUXFLUFXLWHOHFDUH OH

SURJUDPHD] 'DF DQVDPEOXOGHSURJUDPHQX úLJ VHúWHFOLHQ L

-
el propune atunci doar locurile pentru zborurile respective. În
DFHVWFD]WLFNHWLQJXOSUH]LQW GLPHQVLXQLSXUFRQMXQFWXUDOH

În general, tour-RSHUDWRULL SRW RSWD SHQWUX GRX  WLSXUL GH VWUDWHJLL FHD GH VSHFLDOL]DUH úL FHD GH DERUGDUH

JHQHUDOLVW 
5

♦ Strategia de specializare H[LVW  WRXU RSHUDWRUL VSHFLDOL]D L SH R GHVWLQD LH JHRJUDILF  DQXPLW  HVWH R
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VWUDWHJLHULVFDQW SHQWUXF SRDWHLQWHUYHQLRORYLWXU GHVWDWXQU ]ERLúLFLUFXLWXOUHVSHFWLYHVWHVFRVGH

SH SLD  6SHFLDOL]DUHD PDL SRDWH IL SH R WHP  SHOHULQDMXO DYHQWXULOH úD VDX SH XQ VHJPHQW GH

FOLHQWHO  WLQHUL F V WRUL L SHUVRDQH KDQGLFDSDWH SHUVRDQH vQ YkUVW  SRSXOD LD KRPRVH[XDO  úL RULFH DOW 

FDWHJRULH GHSRSXOD LH6WUDWHJLD VSHFLDOL] ULLFRQVWLWXLH SHQWUXQXPHURúLWRXU RSHUDWRUL RVROX L

- e pentru
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♦ 6WUDWHJLDJHQHUDOLVW DUHGRX RULHQW UL

¸Strategia de integrareVHUHJ VHúWHvQWRDWHVHFWRDUHOHGHDFWLYLWDWHHFRQRPLF úLFRQVWLWXLHSHQWUXILUP 

o chestiune de pROLWLF  JHQHUDO  5HIX]XO XQRU vQWUHSULQGHUL GH D LQWHJUD DQVDPEOXO GH SUHVWD LL VH
GDWRUHD]  XUP WRULORU IDFWRUL SUREOHPH GH FRPSHWHQ  GDWRULW  PXOWLWXGLQLL GH FXQRúWLQ H SH FDUH

WUHEXLH V  OH DLE  XQ SUHVWDWRU SHULFROXO SLH HORU FDSWLYH SH DFHOH SLH H FDSWLYH SUHVWDWRULL VH

RELúQXLHVF FX OLSVD FRQFXUHQ HL SXWkQG GHYHQL PDL SX LQ FRPSHWLWLYL P ULPHD FDSLWDOXOXL QHFHVDU

SHQWUX D VH GLYHUVLILFD vQ QXPHURDVH DFWLYLW L SUHVWDWRUXO WUHEXLH V  PRELOL]H]H PDVH LPSRUWDQWH GH

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5
Syratt, G., Manual of travel agency practice, Batterworth/Heinemann Publishing House, Oxford, 1992, pg. 361-367
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solicita serviciile acestui tour-RSHUDWRU $O LIDFWRULGHWHUPLQDQ L VXQW
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întoarcere în ultima zi a sejurului. Localizarea aeroportului poate fi,

de DVHPHQHDLPSRUWDQW FOLHQ LLSRWSUHIHUDV SO WHDVF PDLPXOWúL
V SOHFHGHSHXQDHURSRUWPDLDSURSLDWGHUHúHGLQ DSURSULHGHFkWV 

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la aeroport.6

=LOHOH úL RUHOH FXUVHORU RUJDQ izate de tour-operatori pot fi oricând

VFKLPEDWH úL DFHDVWD GDWRULW  IDSWXOXL F  QX DX IRVW YkQGXWH WRDWH

pachetele de servicii; tour-operatorul organizator va anula

UH]HUY ULOH GHMD I FXWH úL YD RIHUL R DOWHUQDWLY  VLJXU  $FHVW OXFUX
Riscurile tour- QXHVWHGHGRULWV  VHvQWkPSOH SHQWUX F  DúD FXPWRXU -operatorilor
operatorilor QX OH FRQYLQH V  HIHFWXH]H XQ WRXU vQ SLHUGHUH QLFL FOLHQ LORU QX OH

convine anularea zborului.

([LVW  úDVH PRWLYH SHQWUX FDUH XQ WXULVW DU DSHOD OD XQ WRXU RSHUDWRU vQ DFKL]L LRQDUHD XQXL SDFKHW GH
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vacDQ 
• cazarea: tour-RSHUDWRULL DFKL]L LRQHD]  XQ FRQWLQJHQW FRQVLGHUDELO GH FDPHUH FX PXOW WLPS vQDLQWH (L

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GLVSRQLELOHODPRPHQWXOOX ULLGHFL]LHLSULYLQGGHVWLQD LDGHYDFDQ 

• reducerile: prin negocierile pe care le fac, tour-RSHUDWRULL RE LQ UHGXFHUL LPSRUWDQWH SH FDUH OH WUDQVPLW
PDL GHSDUWH WXULúWLORU $FHVWH SDFKHWH GH YDFDQ  SRW IL FX  PDL LHIWLQH GHFkW DOWHUQDWLYD GH

DFKL]L LRQDUHGLUHFW  a serviciilor turistice ce le compun;

• accesibilitatea FD SDUWH D SDFKHWXOXL GH YDFDQ  VH DIO  úL YL]LWDUHD XQRU DWUDF LL SRSXODUH VDX

SDUWLFLSDUHDODGLYHUVHGLVWUDF LLODFDUHDOWIHOWXULVWXODUDYHDXQDFFHVPDLGLILFLO

• confortul: voiajele forfetareDXDYDQWDMXOHIHFWX ULLXQHLVLQJXUHSO LSHQWUXWRDWHVHUYLFLLOHúLIDFLOLW LOH

LQFOXVH FHHD FH VFXWHúWH WXULVWXO GH JULMD DFKL]L LRQ ULL ILHF UXL VHUYLFLX úL HIHFWXDUHD ILHF UHL SO L vQ

parte;
• varietateaYRLDMHOHIRUIHWDUHRIHU WRDWHVHUYLFLLOHDWUDF LLOHúLIDFLOLW LOHGLVSRQLELOHvQ]RQ FHHDFHDU

ILJUHXGHRE LQXWGHWXULVWSHFRQWSURSULX

• VHFXULWDWHDILQDQFLDU DVLJXUDW GHOHJLVOD LDvQPDWHULH

6
Syratt, G., Manual of travel agency practice, Butterworth/Heinemam, Oxford, 1992.
 6.2. Firme tour-operatoare în turismul mondial

Primul tour a fost realizat în 1841 de Thomas Cook, care a oferit

SDFKHWH GH VHUYLFLL vQ vQWUHDJD OXPH )LUPD D U PDV R SXWHUH vQ

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-a modificat de
multe ori.

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(XURSHLGH1RUGRIHU YRLDMHIRUIHWDUHODSUH XULPHGLLLDUFHLGLQ

Europa de Sud propun produse sofisticate unei clientele restrânse.

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anume:7
• SRVLELOLWDWHDPDLEXQ DYkQ] ULL
• FXQRDúWHUHDPDLWHPHLQLF DJXVWXULORUúLQHYRLORUFOLHQ LORUSRWHQ LDOL
• DSURSLHUHDGHSRWHQ LDOLFOLHQ L
• SRVLELOLWDWHDGHWUDQVIHUDOWXULúWLORUF WUHúLGLQ ULOHUHFHSWRDUH
• DVLJXUDUHDXQHLSHUFHS LLDGHFYDWHDWXULúWLORUDVXSUDSHUIRUPDQ HORUDFHVWRUD

În Marea Britanie DUDvQFDUHDXDS UXWSULPDGDW WRXU-RSHUDWRULLSULQFLSDOLLSURGXF WRULVXQW Thompson,

2ZQHUV $EURDG úL $LUWRXUV ,8 primii doi concentrând 60% din volumuO YkQ] ULORU QD LRQDOH GH YRLDMH
IRUIHWDUH $OWH QXPH SUH]HQWH SH DFHDVW  SLD  VXQW Yugotours, Iberotravel, Best Travel, Unjit Travel,

&RVPRVDLU 3LF$VSURWUDYHO úL7KH$LU 7UDYHO *URXS'HúL vQ-DDYXWORF RFUL]  SXWHUQLF SLD D

voiajelor forfHWDUHvQDFHDVW  DU HVWHIRDUWHODUJ   FXDSUR[LPDWLY PLOLRDQH GH YRLDMH IRUIHWDUHYkQGXWH

pe an..

Thomson, cel mai important tour-RSHUDWRU GLQ 0DUHD %ULWDQLH HVWH úL OLGHUXO PRQGLDO vQ PDWHULH GH YRLDMH
IRUIHWDUH )LUPD GH LQH DSURDSH R WUHLPH GLQ SLD D EULWDQLF  GH YDFDQ H YkQ]kQG DQXDO SHVWH  PLOLRDQH GH

SDFKHWH GH YDFDQ  2SHUHD]  SH R ODUJ  JDP  GH VWD LXQL RIHULQG R YDULHWDWH GH WLSXUL GH YDFDQ  SHQWUX

WRDWH YkUVWHOH úL JXVWXULOH 7RDWH SURGXVHOH VDOH VXQW DOF WXLWH SH DFHODúL SULQFLSLX V  ILH FHO PDL EXQ SH

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Thomson Holidays Limited este compus din: Thomson Holidays, Just, Portland Direct, Club
)UHHVW\OH 7KRPVRQ *ROG 7KRPVRQ 3ODWLQXP úL 6N\WRXU -s. Thompson Holidays Limited este divizia
RSHUDWLY SHQWUXYRLDMHDJUXSXOXLGHWXULVPThomson Travel Group.

PrincipalD SLD  HXURSHDQ  SHQWUX YkQ]DUHD YRLDMHORU IRUIHWDUH HVWH Germania 3LD D HVWH GH LQXW  GH GRL
tour-operatori (TUI KG –7RXULVWLN8QLRQ,QWHUQD LRQDOúL1857285,67,&– Neckerman und Reisen) care
9
FRQFHQWUHD]   GLQ YkQ] UL SULPXO LDU DO GRLOHD .  $O WXULGH DFHúWLD PDL H[LVW  Lit-*HVDPW úL

Der. Tour-operatorii germani s-DXGH]YROWDWDYkQGODED] UH HOHFRPHUFLDOHGHPDULPDJD]LQHVDXE QFLúL

JUXSXUL GH DJHQ LL GH WXULVP /D QLYHOXO DQXOXL  Touristik Union International era cel mai mare tour-

RSHUDWRU GLQ OXPH &KHLD UHXúLWHL VDOH HVWH GLYHUVLWDWHD GHVWLQD LLORU SURGXVH úL R H[WUHP GH ERJDW 

promovare.

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7 8 6 9 :, *% .

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Idem, pg. 160
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Principalii tour-operatori francezi, conform unui clasament realizat în 1994, sunt Club
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SROLWLF GHFUHDUHGHDJHQ LL H[FOXVLYHvQ)UDQ D úLvQ(XURSD)UDP6RWDLUH&KRUXV)UDQWRXU úL&KDUWHUV

et C (Look). Primii trei tour-RSHUDWRUL FRQFHQWUHD]  GRDU  GLQ YkQ] ULOH QD LRQDOH ÌQ DFHVW FD]
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ILQDQFLDUHGHODDFRUGXULGHFRRSHUDUHODLQWHJU UL

Nouvelles Frontières, cel mai mare tour-RSHUDWRUIUDQFH]DOXDWQDúWHUHvQDQXO$UHGHDQJDMD L

vQ  ILOLDOH U VSkQGLWH vQ WRDW  OXPHD úL  GH GHVWLQD LL GLVSRQLELOH &X  FOLHQ L DQXDO

vQUHJLVWUHD] YkQ] ULGH))SHDQ

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cazul Suediei acest procent este de 40%. În 6XHGLD6XQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LUWRXUVúL,PKROJFRQFHQWUHD] 
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GLQSLD 

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/DWLQ  $FHúWL WRXU RSHUDWRUL DX R DULH PDL UHVWUkQV  GH DF LXQH GHFkW FHL HXURSHQL GDWRULW  GLVWDQ HL
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Statele UnitH  GLQ SURGXF LD GH YRLDMH IRUIHWDUH VH RULHQWHD]  VSUH GHVWLQD LL QRUG-americane populare.
3ULQWUH SULQFLSDOHOH GHVWLQD LL H[WHUQH SH OkQJ  FHOH PHQ LRQDWH DQWHULRU VH DIO  $VLD GH 6XG -Est. Cel mai
mare tour-operator american este American Express Travel, care este o parte a PDULL VRFLHW L GH VHUYLFLL
financiare, American Express, urmat de Cartan SDUWH D VRFLHW LL AVCO Financial Services $O L WRXU-
RSHUDWRULLPSRUWDQ LSHDFHDVW  SLD  VXQW Gateway HolidaysvQILLQ DWGHOLQLD DHULDQ 7:$ ETC Travel

Club vQILLQ DW GH Eastern Airlines). În Canada FHL PDL LPSRUWDQ L WRXU-operatori sunt: Canadian Pacific,
Tour-0RQWUHDOúL9HQWXUH[.12

În Japonia WXULúWLL DX R PDUH vQFOLQD LH VSUH F O WRULL vQ VWU LQ WDWH vQ JUXSXUL úL vQ VLVWHP ,QFOXVLYH 7RXU -.
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transportului aerian, barierei lingvistice întâmpinate de japoQH]L DWXQFL FkQG F O WRUHVF SHVWH KRWDUH úL

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întreprLQGHULL SHQWUX DQJDMD L úL IDPLOLLOH ORU úL YRLDMXO IRUIHWDU SHQWUX WXULúWL LQGLYLGXDOL VDX JUXSXUL 7RXU-
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FHL GLQ (XURSD 3H SULPHOH ORFXUL FD P ULPH VH DIO  Japan Creative Tours, Jet Tours, Japan Travel
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 GH DQJDMD L úL  VHGLL vQ 3UDJD 1XP UXO GH WXULúWL VWU LQL FOLHQ L DL $9( HVWH GH   SH DQ

10
T. Gherasim, D. Gherasim – op. cit., pg. 159
11
T. Gherasim, D. Gherasim – op. cit., pg. 162
12
T. Gherasim, D. Gherasim – op. cit., pg. 162-163
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european: TUI-Germania úL Nouvelles Frontières-)UDQ D.

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ca fiind cel mai important tour-operator din Europa.

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Touristik Union International

GHYLQH SDUWH GLQ 78, úL vQ DFHODúL WLPS LD QDúWHUH TUI Service, responsabil cu
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DO ([SR]L LHL 0RQGLDOH GH OD +DQRYUD. În anul 1998, în urma fuziunii cu Hapag Loyd,

78,DGHYHQLWSDUWHLQWHJUDQW DJUXSXOXLHapag Touristik Union (HTU).

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rulote etc.

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• TUI – Germania este cel mai mare tour-RSHUDWRU HXURSHDQ FDUH RFXS  XQ VHJPHQW

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• $LUWRXUV ,QWHUQD LRQDO *0E+ DUH SURJUDPH FX GHVWLQD LL vQ (XURSD ED]LQXO

mediteranean, continentul american, Insulele Caraibe; de asemenea, au fost lansate

în 1997 programe de golf, care au avut un mare succes;
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vânzare ale grupului TUI în Germania;

• TUI Austria, cel mai popular tour-RSHUDWRU GLQ $XVWULD GLQWUH GHVWLQD LLOH VDOH FHD
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• TUI ReiseCenter Austria, cu activitate de agent de turism, servicii receptive pentru

WXULúWL LQGLYLGXDOL úL JUXSXUL DJHQ LH WRXU-operatoare sub marca Terra Reisen cu

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• 78, 6XLVVH vPSUHXQ  FX ,PKRO] 5HLVHQ úL 9|JHOH 5HLVHQ DX GDW QDúWHUH FRPSDQLHL

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de 20%;
• 78,3ROVNDDS UXWvQVXEQXPHOHGHPDUF 78,6FK|QH)HULHQ

(VWHUHSUH]HQWDQW GH
Divizia tour-operatorilor

• TUI – Nederland (Travel Unite International NHGHUODQG OLGHU SH SLD D RODQGH] 

UHXQHúWH QXPHOH GH PDUF  $UNH 5HLVHQ úL +ROODQG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO GH LQH S U L

PDMRULWDUH vQ  GH FRPSDQLL RODQGH]H úL DUH  GH DJHQ LL GH WXULVP FDUH RIHU 
din Europa de Vest

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grupul TUI are o participare de 50%; în 1998 a fost preluat de compania TUI
%HOJLXPFDUHLQL LDODIRVWRILOLDO DWRXU-operatorului TUI Nederland;

• VTA-VAB Reisen, la care grupul TUI are o participare de 50%; dispune de 29 de

DJHQ LL SURSULL úL GH LQH SR]L LD GH OLGHU SH SLD D EHOJLDQ  SHQWUX ÄVWXG\-tour-uri”;

RIHU FLUFXLWHFXQXPHOHGHPDUF Ä(\HRSHQHU´úLH[FXUVLLGHYDFDQ 

 *UXSHD] VRFLHW LOHFDUHDGPLQLVWUHD] ODQ XULOHKRWHOLHUHDOHJUXSXOXL TUI:
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TUI de la ianuarie 1999.

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programe de safari locale;

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S.A., Ranger Safaris Ltd., Tantur Turzim Seyahat Ltd. Sti., Travco, Tunisie
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GHYDFDQ 

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a tour-operatorilor din grupa TUI.

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Divizia tehnologie

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catalogul celor mai bune oferte.

Modelul latin:

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Antilele Franceze, Insulele La Réunion, Atena, Malaga, Tenerife,

Dakar, Djerba.

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hotelurile-club Paladien.

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Alte Respectiv:
departamente • DJHQ LD3DYORII¶V$VVRFLpVFDUHVHRFXS FXSXEOLFLWDWHDJUXSului;
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6.4. Principalii tour-operatori din România

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legate de turismul automobilistic.

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considerate profitabile.

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• 121 –DJHQ LLvQSURSULHWDWHSXEOLF 
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13

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13
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DVF ]XWFDXUPDUHDFUHúWHULLFHUHULLWXULVWLFHSHQWUXYDFDQ H VFXUWHvQVWD LXQLPRQWDQHVDXSHQWUXDFWLYLW L

de week-HQGFDUHSUHVXSXQHIRUWXULILQDQFLDUHUHGXVH'HDVHPHQHDFHUHUHDWXULVWLF LQWHUQD LRQDO DVF ]XW

GDWRULW  LQVWDELOLW LL SROLWLFH FDOLW LL VHUYLFLLORU WXULVWLFH RIHULWH QHGLYHUVLILF ULL RIHUWHORU WXULVWLFH HWF

Cererea turistiF LQWHUQD LRQDO SHQWUXWXULVPXOGHOLWRUDOV -a diminuat în favoarea celorlalte forme de turism
vQ VSHFLDO FXOWXUDO GDWRULW  PRQRWRQLHL VHUYLFLLORU UHVSHFWLYH SUHFXP úL XQRU UHFRPDQG UL PHGLFDOH FDUH

VHPQDOHD]  HIHFWH QHJDWLYH DOH UDGLD LLORU VRODUH &X WRDWH DFHVWHD DFWLYLWDWHD WXULVWLF  SRDWH FRQVWLWXL XQXO

GLQPRWRDUHOHGH]YROW ULL YLLWRDUHD ULLQRDVWUHúL 5RPkQLDSRDWH UHGHYHQLXQDGLQ GHVWLQD LLOHLPSRUWDQWH

pentru ca în acest fel tour-RSHUDWRULL URPkQL V  vúL J VHDVF  ORFXO vQ FRQWH[WXO WXULVPXOXL HXURSHDQ úL

mondial.

ÌQ FRQFOX]LH VH SRDWH DILUPD F  DJHQ LL HFRQRPLFL LQWHUPHGLDUL DJHQ LLOH GH YRLDM úL WRXU -operatorii
FRQVWLWXLHYHULJLLPSRUWDQWHvQGHVI úXUDUHDDFWLYLW LLWXULVWLFHLQGLIHUHQWGHVWDWXWXOORUFUHDWHFDUH]XOWDW

DOGH]YROW ULLúLLQWHQVLILF ULLFLUFXOD LHLWXULVWLFHLDUDFWLYLWDWHDORUHVWHUHJOHPHQWDW DWkWSHSODQQD LRQDO

QRUPH SULYLQGDFRUGDUHD EUHYHWHORUúLOLFHQ HORUGHWXULVP FkWúL SHSODQUHJLRQDOP VXULOH DGRSWDWH GH

8QLXQHD(XURSHDQ úLLQWHUQD LRQDO

 Rezumat

 Tour-RSHUDWRULL VXQW FUHDWRULL úL RUJDQL]DWRULL YRLDMHORU GH JUXS VDX LQGLYLGXDOH VSHFLDOL]D L vQ
YRLDMH IRUIHWDUH (L VXQW FRQVLGHUD L DQJURVLúWLL LQGXVWULHL WXULVPXOXL DYkQG FkWHYD IXQF LL

LPSRUWDQWH VWXGLXO SLH HL FHUFHWDUHD SURGXVHORU WXULVWLFH IDEULFDUHD SURGXVHORU WXULVWLFH úL IL[DUHD

SUH XULORU DFHVWRUD 1XP UXO úL VWUXFWXUD WRXU -operatorilor depind de gradul de integrare al
SURGXVHORU SH FDUH OH DVLJXU  úL GH FDSDFLW LOH GH FDUH GLVSXQ (L VH SRW vPS U L vQ WUHL FDWHJRULL

SULQFLSDOH JHQHUDOLúWL VSHFLDOL]D L úL SXQFWXDOL ,QGLIHUHQW GH FDWHJRULD GLQ FDU e fac parte, ei pot
RSWDSHQWUXGRX WLSXULGHVWUDWHJLLFHDGHVSHFLDOL]DUHúLFHDGHDERUGDUHJHQHUDOLVW 

 În turismul mondial, tour-RSHUDWRULL VXQW SUH]HQ L vQ QXP U PDUH vQ $QJOLD úL *HUPDQLD DSRL vQ

ULOHVFDQGLQDYHúL-DSRQLDILHFDUHDYkQGVSHFLILFXOOXLFHLGLQ ULOH(XURSHLGH1RUGRIHU YRLDMH

IRUIHWDUHOD SUH XULPHGLLLDUFHLGLQ(XURSDGH6XGSURSXQ YRLDMH IRUIHWDUHODSUH XULPDLULGLFDWH

unei clientele restrânse. În cazul continentului nord-american, tour-RSHUDWRULL vúL RULHQWHD] 

prodXF LD vQ VSHFLDO SH GHVWLQD LL DPHULFDQH VDX FDQDGLHQH LDU FHL MDSRQH]L RUJDQL]HD]  YRLDMH GH
tip Inclusive-Tour (IT).
 Înainte de 1990, tour-RSHUDWRU GLQ 5RPkQLD D IRVW FRQVLGHUDW 2ILFLXO 1D LRQDO SHQWUX 7XULVP
(ONT). Aceasta s-D vQILLQ DW vQ  úL VXFFHVLY D IRVW vQFRUSRUDW vQ GLIHULWH PLQLVWHUH $WULEX LLOH
VDOHHUDXGH]YROWDUHDWXULVPXOXLSULQFRRSHUDUHDFXLQVWLWX LLGHVWDWMXGH HQHúLSULYDWHLQIRUPDUHD

SXEOLFXOXL DVXSUD SURJUDPHORU WXULVWLFH RUJDQL]DUHD SXEOLFLW LL WXULVWLFH PRGHUQL]DUHD ED]H i
materiale a turismului.
 'XS   DX DS UXW úL vQ 5RPkQLD WRXU RSHUDWRULL FDUH DFWLYHD]  VXE DXVSLFLXO $VRFLD LHL
-
1D LRQDOHD$JHQ LLORUGH7XULVP$1$7

Cuvinte cheie

 produs turistic –DQVDPEOXGHSURGXVHúLVHUYLFLLSXVHODGLVSR]L LDWXULúWLORUIRUP GHFRPHUFLDOL]DUH

a ofertei turistice.
 aranjament forfetar – pachet de produVH WXULVWLFHFH LQFOXGHVHUYLFLXOGHWUDQVSRUW FD]DUH GDUúL DOWH
VHUYLFLLYkQGXWVXEWLWOXOGHYDFDQ VDXVHMXUODXQSUH IRUIHWDU

 serviciu turistic –VHUYLFLXRIHULWVSUHYkQ]DUHGHRILUP WXULVWLF 

 rezervare –UH LQHUHDSUHDODELO DXQXLVHUYLFLu.
 circuit turistic –F O WRULHGHOXQJLPHúLGXUDW YDULDELOHDYkQGDFHODúLORFGHSOHFDUHúLVRVLUH
 sejur –GXUDWDGHWLPSSHWUHFXW vQVFRSWXULVWLFvQWU-RDQXPLW GHVWLQD LHWXULVWLF 
 grup minim –JUXSXOPLQLPGHWXULúWLSHQWUXFDUHRILUP GHWXULVPDFRUG UHGXFHUHGHJUXS
 turism individual –IRUP GHWXULVPSUDFWLFDW GHWXULúWLSHFRQWSURSULX
 FURD]LHU –F O WRULHWXULVWLF SHPDUHRFHDQ
 GHVWLQD LHGHYDFDQ –SXQFWWHUPLQXVDOXQHLF O WRULL

%LEOLRJUDILHVXSOLPHQWDU

CRISTUREANU C. (FRQRPLDúLSROLWLFDWXULVPXOXLLQWHUQD LRQDO , Editura Abeona, 1992.

VELLAS F. International tourism: An economic perspective , Pittman, 1999
VELLAS F. Turismul –WHQGLQ HúLSUHYL]LXQL, Walforth, 1995.

.DAVIDSON R. Tourism in Europe, Pittman Techniplus, Paris, 1992.

67 1&,8/(6&8* 7HKQLFDRSHUD LXQLORUGHWXULVP , Editura All, 1998.
SYRATT G. Manual of travel agency practice, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1992.
 ÌQWUHE ULúLWHPHGHGLVFX LH

([HUFL LX

Veniturile totale din turism, înreJLVWUDWH vQ DQXO  vQ DUD $ VXQW GH  PLOLRDQH XP $FHDVW  FLIU 

LQFOXGH úL RSHUD LXQLOH GH LQFRPLQJ FDUH DX IRVW GH  PLOLRDQH XP $JHQ LD GH WXULVP Ä&OXE´ GLQ DUD % D

RUJDQL]DWH[FXUVLLSHQWUXFHW HQLLDFHVWHL ULFXGHVWLQD LD DUD$vQY aloare de 10 milioane de u.m. în anul

1999.
A. 'DF vQDQXOFHOHWUHLYDORULVHPRGLILF vQRUGLQHPLOLRDQHXPPLOLRDQHPLOLRDQHFDUH

HVWHFRWDGHSLD DDJHQ LHLvQDQXO"

B. 'DF  vQ DQXO  YHQLWXULOH WRWDOH GLQ WXULVP DX FUHVFXW FX 5%, veniturile din excursiile organizate de
DJHQ LD GH WXULVP Ä&OXE´ DX VF ]XW FX  LDU YDORDUHD WRWDO  D RSHUD LXQLORU GH LQFRPLQJ VFDGH FX

V VHFDOFXOH]HFRWDGHSLD DDJHQ LHLÄ&OXE´

A. FRWDGHSLD vQRSHUD LXQLOHLQFRPLQJ

1,1% (în WRWDORSHUD LXQLGHWXULVP

B. venituri din turism = 604,5 milioane
venituri – Club = 5,6 milioane
venituri incoming = 69 milioane
FRWDGHSLD  LQFRPLQJ

0,9% (total venituri).

ÌQWUHE UL

&DUHHVWHVFRSXODFRUG ULLOLFHQ HORUúLEUHYHWHORUvQWXU ism?

ÌQFHFRQVW GLIHUHQ DvQWUHOLFHQ DGHFDWHJRULDGHWDLOLVW úLOLFHQ DGHFDWHJRULDWRXU -operatoare?

&RPHQWD LXUP WRDUHDDILUPD LHÄ7RXU RSHUDWRUXOHVWHXQDQJURVLVWDODFWLYLW

- LLWXULVWLFH´

ÌQFHUFD LR FODVLILFDUH GXS  GLYHUVH FULWHULLD DJHQ LLORUGHWXULVP FDUHvúL GHVI úRDU  DFWLYLWDWHD vQ DUD

QRDVWU 

5HDOL]D LGUXPXOFULWLFDOvQILLQ ULLXQHLDJHQ LLvQ5RPkQLD .

&DUHVXQWELURXULOHFDUHQXSRWOLSVLGLQVWUXFWXUDXQHLDJHQ LLGHWXULVPLQGLIHUHQWGHP ULPH"

7. Compune LILúDSRVWXOXLXQXLDJHQWGHWXULVP

8. Care sunt etapele conceperii unui produs turistic?

&DUHVXQWHOHPHQWHOHGHFKHOWXLHOLFHLQWU vQVWUXFWXUDSUH XOXLXQXLSURGXVWXULVWLF"

&HUHSUH]LQW SDFKHWXOGHYDFDQ "

&HHVWHEXUVDGHWXULVPúLFXFHVFRSVHRUJDQL]HD] "

5 VSXQVXUL

&DGUXOMXULGLFGHIXQF LRQDUHDDJHQ LLORUGHWXULVPDUHvQYHGHUHGHSDUWDMDUHDDFWLYLW LORUvQVHQVXO

DFRUG ULLOLFHQ HLVDXDXWRUL] ULL

$JHQ LLOHWRXU-operatoare sunt specializate în organizaUHDSURGXF LDGHDUDQMDPHQWHWXULVWLFH$JHQ LLOH

detailiste au ca activitate vânzarea produselor turistice ale tour-operatorilor sau a unor servicii izolate.
$JHQ LLOHWRXU -operatoare au ca obiect de activitate organizarea aranjamentelor turistice, care sunt vândute
DSRLDJHQ LLORUGHWDLOLVWHDFHVWHDYkQ]kQGX OHFOLHQ LORU6HSRDWHDILUPDF WRXU RSHUDWRULLVXQWÄDQJURVLúWLL´
- -
DFWLYLW LLWXULVWLFH

$JHQ LLOHGHWXULVPFDUHvúLGHVI úRDU DFWLYLWDWHDvQ DUDQRDVWU SRWILJUXSDWHGXS FkWHYDFU iterii:

¾ GXS GHVWLQD LDSURJUDPHORUWXULVWLFHWXULVPLQWHUQúLWXULVPH[WHUQ

¾ GXS QXP UXOGHDQJDMD LPLFLPHGLLPDUL

¾ GXS VHUYLFLLOHYkQGXWHWXULVWLFHPL[WHWXULVWLFHWLFNHWLQJDVLJXU ULGHF O WRULH

ÌQILLQ DUHDILUPHLIRUPDMXULGLF GRULW VRFLHWDWHFXU VSXQGHUHOLPLWDW VRFLHWDWHSHDF LXQLRE LQHUHD

EUHYHWXOXLSHQWUXúHIXOGHDJHQ LHFXDFWHOHILUPHLúLEUHYHWXOGHWXULVPGHSXQHUHDDFWHORUSHQWUXRE LQHUHD

OLFHQ HL

%LURXULOHFDUHQXSRWOLSVLGLQVWUXFWXUDXQHLDJHQ LLGHW urism sunt:

¾ biroul turism;
¾ biroul transporturi.

(WDSHOHFRQFHSHULLXQXLSURGXVWXULVWLFVXQWOHJDWHGHRVHULHGHLQIRUPD LLUHIHULWRDUHOD

¾ RUDUXOFRPSDQLLORUGHWUDQVSRUWIHURYLDUúLDOFRPSDQLLORUPDULWLPHGLQGLIHULWH UL

¾ orarul de zbor al tuturor companiilor aeriene;

¾ IRUPDOLW LFHUXWHGHSROL LHSDúDSRDUWHYL]HHWF

¾ IRUPDOLW LVDQLWDUHYDFFLQXULREOLJDWRULL

¾ RVXP GHGHYL]HDXWRUL]DWH

¾ decalajul orar;
¾ LQGLFD LLGHVSUHFOLP HWF

¾ VLVWHPGHUH]HUY UL

9. Elementele de cheltuieli ce intr vQVWUXFWXUDSUH XOXLXQXLSURGXVWXULVWLFVXQWWUDQVSRUWXOFD]DUHDPDVD

DOWHVHUYLFLLJKLGDQXPLWHFXUVXULVHDU IHVWLY 79$FRPLVLRQXODJHQ LHL

3DFKHWXOGHYDFDQ HVWHXQSURGXVWXULVWLFRIHULWVSUHYkQ]DUHODXQSUH VSHFLDOFDUHGHUHJXO FXSULQGH

toate serviciile.

%XUVDGHWXULVPVHRUJDQL]HD] FDREXUV RELúQXLW SHQWUXRULFDUHDOWSURGXVúLDUHFDVFRSvQWkOQLUHD

GLQWUHPDULLRIHUWDQ LGHWXULVPúLFHUHUHDSLH HLvQFKHLHUHDGHFRQWUDFWHFXVSHFLILFGHWXULVP