PE104

PE 104 / 2002
NORMATIV PENTRU CONSTRUC IA LINIILOR AERIENE DE ENERGIE ELECTRIC CU TENSIUNI PESTE 1000 V
Colectiv de revizie
ISPE SA ,QJ ( 'U JDQ Ing. L. Boncu Ing. E. Kaytar Ing. E. Mateescu FICHTNER ROMELECTRO ENGINEERING Ing. C.tin HQFX ,QJ * *KHRUJKL ,QJ 0 /D] U Ing. T. Ionescu CN TRANSELECTRICA SA 67 %XFXUHWL Ing. M. Meculescu
Iunie 2002
Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx
2
PE 104 / 2002
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DOMENIUL DE APLICARE
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13
2. CONDITIILE CLIMATO - METEOROLOGICE, NCARCARI, GRUPAREA NCARCARILOR

7HULWRULXO ULL QRDVWUH VH vPSDUWH vQ FLQFL ]RQH PHWHRURORJLFH ILJXUD FDUH GLIHU GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH DO LQWHQVLW LL L DO IUHFYHQ HL GH PDQLIHVWDUH D SULQFLSDOilor factori climato - meteorologici de care WUHEXLH V VH LQ VHDPD OD FRQVWUXLUHD OLQLLORU DHULHQH GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF YkQWXO GHSXQHULOH GH FKLFLXU temperatura aerului. /D GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH SHQWUX FDOFXOXO PHFDQLF DO /($ VH YRU FRQVLGHUD FRQGL LLOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOHOH L SHQWUX ]RQD PHWHRURORJLF UHVSHFWLY QF UF ULOH QRUPDWH GLQ YkQW DX IRVW GHWHUPLQDWH FX R SHULRDG GH UHYHQLUH GH DQL LDU FHOH SURYHQLWH GLQ GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU FX R SHULRDG GH UHYHQLUH de 10 ani pentru LEA cu tensiuni SkQ OD N9 LQFOXVLY L GH DQL SHQWUX /($ L N9 Q FD]XO /($ DYkQG FLUFXLWH FX WHQVLXQL GLIHULWH VH YRU DGRSWD FRQGL LLOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOHOH L SHQWUX WHQVLXQHD FHD PDL PDUH 2.1.3. n anumiWH ]RQH FX FDUDFWHU ORFDO vQ FDUH VH FRQVWDW FRQGL LL PHWHRURORJLFH PDL JUHOH GHFkW FHOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOXO VH SRW DGRSWD YDORUL PDL PDUL $FHVWH YDORUL WUHEXLH V ILH MXVWLILFDWH SULQ date statistice furnizate de I.N.M.H. sau rezultate din statisticile de exploatare a liniilor aeriene de energie HOHFWULF L GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL GLQ ]RQHOH UHVSHFWLYH L V DLE IUHFYHQ D GH DSDUL LH GH FHO SX LQ R GDW la zece ani. 3UHVLXQLOH GLQDPLFH DOH YkQWXOXL FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH YLWH]HL PHGLDWH SH GRX PLQXWH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOXO VXQW FRQVLGHUDWH SHQWUX vQ O LPL GHDVXSUD VROXOXL SkQ OD P FD SUHVLXQL GH ED] 3HQWUX HOHPHQWHOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH OLQLLORU VLWXDWH OD vQDO LPL GLIHULWH ID GH VRO SUHVLXQLOH GH ED] din tabelul 2.1. sau determinate FRQIRUP SXQFWXOXL FX UHOD LD GH OD SXQFWXO VH YRU PDMRUD SULQ vQPXO LUHD FX FRHILFLHQ LL GH UDIDO SUHY ]X L vQ GLDJUDPHOH L /D GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH SHQWUX L]RODWRDUH VWkOSL L IXQGD LL SURYHQLWH GLQ Sresiunea YkQWXOXL DVXSUD FRQGXFWRDUHORU QHDFRSHULWH VDX DFRSHULWH GH FKLFLXU FD vQ O LPH GHDVXSUD VROXOXL VH YD FRQVLGHUD GLVWDQ D P VXUDW vQWUH FHQWUXO GH JUHXWDWH DO FXUEHORU FRQGXFWRUXOXL L VRO GLVWDQ FDUH HVWH GDW GH UHOD LD 2 [m], (2.1) H = h cl f c sin c 3 unde: hcl HVWH GLVWDQ D PHGLH D SXQFWHORU GH SULQGHUH vQ FOHP D FRQGXFWRDUHORU VLWXDWH OD GLIHULWH vQ O LPL ID GH VRO vQ PHWUL (h cl = h pr l iz sin iz ) vQ FD]XO VWkOSLORU HFKLSD L FX ODQ XUL GH VXV LQHUH hpr - GLVWDQ D SXQFWXOXL GH SULQGHUH DO ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH ID GH VRO vQ PHWUL fc - YDORDUHD V JH LL FRQGXFWRDUHORU vQ FRQGL LLOH GH OD SXQFWXO G VDX J vQ PHWUL liz - OXQJLPHD ODQ XOXL GH VXV LQHUH vQ PHWUL c - unghiul maxim de nclinare a conductorului sXE DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL UHOD LD iz - XQJKLXO PD[LP GH vQFOLQDUH D ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH VXE DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL UHOD LD Q FD]XO VWkOSLORU HFKLSD L FX ODQ XUL GH vQWLQGHUH liz = 0 L hcl = hpr. Q O LPHD H VH GHWHUPLQ SHQWUX ILHFDUH QLYHO GH prindere al conductoarelor.
14
2.1.
&21', ,,/( &/,0$72 - METEOROLOGICE
Figura 2.1.
15
7DEHOXO 3UHVLXQHD GLQDPLF GH ED] GDW GH YkQW FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH YLWH]HL PHGLDWH SH GRX PLQXWH OD vQ O LPHD GH P GHDVXSUD WHUHQXOXL L JURVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU pe conductoarele LEA. 3UHVLXQHD GLQDPLF GH ED] p Zona meteoroORJLF Altitudinea Vnt maxim nesimultan FX FKLFLXU p(V) daN/m2 30 42 55 40 45 65 90 110 130 150 170 Vnt simultan cu FKLFLXU p(v+ch) daN/m2 12 (12) 16,8 (15) 5) 20 (17) 5) 16 18 26 36 44 52 60 68
5)
*URVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU SH conductoarele LEA, bch 3,4) Un U 110 kV mm 16 22 Un = (220400) kV mm 20 24
m Zona A Zona B Zona C Zona D 1) U800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Zona E 2)
*URVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU VH YD stabili pe baza datelor statistice furnizate de I.N.M.H. sau rezultate din statisticile GH H[SORDWDUH DOH /($ L LTc din zonele respective
=RQD PHWHRURORJLF FX FRQGL LL GHRVHELWH GH YkQW SHQWUX FDUH VH YRU FHUH GDWH GH OD ,QVWLWutul 1D LRQDO GH 0HWHRURORJLH L +LGURORJLH Q ]RQH FX DOWLWXGLQL PDL PLFL GH P SUHVLXQHD GLQDPLF GH ED] OXDW vQ FRQVLGHUDUH QX WUHEXLH V DLE YDORUL PDL PLFL GHFkW D ]RQHORU OLPLWURIH FX DOWLWXGLQHD VXE P 3. Grosimea stratului de chicLXU bch SH FRQGXFWRDUH VH FRQVLGHU FRQIRUP ILJXULL *UHXWDWHD YROXPLF D FKLFLXUHL ch VH FRQVLGHU HJDO FX GD1GP3. n cazul cnd VH DGRSW vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SUHYHGHULOH DUWLFROXOXL SHQWUX ]RQHOH $ D, grosimi ale stratului de FKLFLXU GHSXV SH FRQGXFWRDUH PDL PDUL GHFkW FHOH VSHFLILFDWH vQ WDEHOXO L SHVWH PP SHQWUX ]RQD ( VH SRDWH PLFRUD YDORDUHD JUHXW LL YROXPLFH D FKLFLXUHL SkQ OD FHO PXOW GD1GP3. 9DORULOH GLQWUH SDUDQWH]H VH UHIHU OD OLQLLOH DHULHQH FX tensiunea de 20 kV.
1RW
16
'LDJUDPD 9DULD LD FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH UDIDO L QHXQLIRUPLWDWH DO YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRU :c, vQ IXQF LH GH vQ O LPHD H GHDVXSUD VROXOXL L GHVFKLGHUHD a.
'LDJUDPD 9DULD LD FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH UDIDO SHQWUX VWkOSL :s L ODQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH :iz, vQ IXQF LH GH vQ O LPHD H, deasupra solului.
17
2.1.6. 3HQWUX FDOFXOXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU OD GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFRSHULWH VDX QHDFRSHULWH FX FKLFLXU SURYHQLWH GLQ SUHVLXQHD YkQWXOXL VH YD FRQVLGHUD FD GLVWDQ H, R vQ O LPH PHGLH GH VXVSHQVLH LQGLIHUHQW GH vQ O LPHD OD FDUH VH J VHVF GLIHULWHOH FRQGXFWRDUH DFWLYH L GH SURWHF LH GLVWDQ GHWHUPLQDW FX UHOD LD 1 n 2 [m], (2.2) H = (h cli f ci ) n i =1 3 unde: hcli UHSUH]LQW GLVWDQ HOe hcl pentru diferitele conductoare, n metri; fci - V JH LOH GLIHULWHORU FRQGXFWRDUH GH SH VWkOS vQ PHWUL n - QXP UXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU Q O LPHD H VH FDOFXOHD] FD vQ O LPH PHGLH D WXWXURU FRQGXFWRDUHORU GH DFHODL WLS L GLPHQVLXQH separat pentru condXFWRDUH DFWLYH L FRQGXFWRDUH GH SURWHF LH Tabelul 2.2. Valorile temperaturii aerului. Zona meteoroORJLF 7RDW DUD Zone cu altitudini peste 800 m PD[LP + 40 + 40 Temperatura aerului (oC) 0LQLP medie de formare a chiciurei - 30 + 15 -5 - 30 + 10 -5
2.2.
DETERMINAREA NCARCARILOR NORMATE
2.2.1.1. QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL VH GHWHUPLQ diQDPLFH GH ED] p, care se va lua din tDEHOXO VDX VH YD GHWHUPLQD FX UHOD LD 2 [daN/m2], (2.3) p= v 16,3 FRQIRUP SUHFL] ULORU GH OD SXQFWXO v este viteza vntului, n m/s.
2.2.1. ncarcarile datorate actiunii vntului pe elementele liniei
FX DMXWRUXO SUHVLXQLL
Q IXQF LH GH vQ O LPHD GH DSOLFDUH D IRU HORU SUHVLXQHD GLQDPLF VH YD PDMRUD FX FRHILFLHQWXl de UDIDO GLQ GLDJUDPHOH L FDUH QX Gepinde de valorile vitezei vntului. D QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUH, gvc, VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD [daN/m], (2.4) g vc = c tc c p d 10 3 n care ctc este coeficientul aerodinamic, determinat conform tabelului 2.3.
18
Tabelul 2.3. Valorile coeficientului aerodinamic, ctc, pentru conductoare. 6SHFLILFD LD &X FKLFLXU ) U FKLFLXU Diametrul conductorului mai mare sau egal cu 20 mm Diametrul conductorului mai mic de 20 mm Indiferent de diametrul conductorului Coeficientul aerodinamic, ctc 1,10 1,20
c HVWH FRHILFLHQWXO FDUH LQH VHDPD GH UDIDOD L QHXQLIRUPLWDWHD YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRU GHSLQ]kQG GH WXUEXOHQ D YkQWXOXL vQ IXQF LH GH UXJR]LWDWHD WHUHQXOXL L GH U VSXQVXO GLQDPLF DO FRQGXFWRUXOXL ,QFOXGH HIHFWXO FRPELQDW DO YDULD LHL YLWH]HL YkQWXOXL DWkW FX vQ O LPHD FkW L FX P ULPHD GHVFKLGHULL (neuniformitatea vntului pe deschidere).
3HQWUX ]RQH GHVFKLVH FkPSLL VLOYRVWHSH PDOXULOH GHVFKLVH DOH P ULL ODFXULORU HWF SUHFXP L SHQWUX ]RQH FRQVWUXLWH FX vQ O LPL PDL PLFL GH P VLWXDWH OD DOWLWXGLQL SkQ OD P GHDVXSUD QLYHOXOXL P ULL L vQ O LPL PHGLL GH VXVSHQGDUH D FRQGXFWRDUHORU GHWHUPLQDWH FRQIRUP SXQFWXOXL SkQ OD P LQFOXVLY FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO L QHXQLIRUPLWDWH DO YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRU c VH GHWHUPLQ GLQ GLDJUDPD &XUEHOH GH YDULD LH GLQ GLDJUDPD VXQW SUHOXDWH GLQ &(, ]RQHOH SXQFWDWH fiind deduse prin extrapolare. 1RW Pentru deschideri mai mici GH P L PDL PDUL GH P VH YD FRQVLGHUD YDORDUHD FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH UDIDO L QHXQLIRUPLWDWH DOH YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRU c FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GHVFKLGHULL GH P UHVSHFWLY P 3HQWUX vQ O LPL PHGLL GH VXVSHQGDUH PDL PLFL GH P VH YD DGRSWD YDORDrea coeficientului, c, FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH vQ O LPLL GH P 3HQWUX vQ O LPL LQWHUPHGLDUH FXUEHORU ILJXUDWH vQ GLDJUDPD valoarea coeficientului, c VH YD GHGXFH SULQ LQWHUSRODUHD OLQLDU D YDORULORU FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GH SH FHOH GRX FXUEH DGLDFHQWH PeQWUX ]RQHOH GH PXQWH L SHQWUX VWkOSLL FX vQ O LPL GH SHVWH P XWLOL]D L OD PDULOH WUDYHUV UL FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO L QHXQLIRUPLWDWH SH FRQGXFWRU c VH YD GHWHUPLQD VHSDUDW IXQF LH GH VLWXD LD ORFDO JUDGXO GH UXJR]LWDWH DO WHUHQXOXL L GH WLSXO liniei.
d este diametrul conductorului, dc vQ LSRWH]D I U FKLFLXU UHVSHFWLY GLDPHWUXO FRQGXFWRUXOXL dc SOXV GH GRX RUL JURVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU bch: [mm], (2.5) d = d c + 2 b ch vQ LSRWH]D FX FKLFLXU ILJXUD vQ PP gURVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU bch, se ia din tabelul 2.1.
Figura 2.2.
19
FX UHOD LD [daN/m2], g =c p v iz ti iz n care cti este coeficientul aerodinamic, determinat n tabelul 2.4.
E QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH ODQ XULOH GH L]RODWRDUH, g (2.6)
v iz
, VH FDOFXOHD]
Tabelul 2.4. Valorile coeficientului aerodinamic, cti SHQWUX FDOFXOXO vQF UF ULORU UH]XOWDWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL DVXSUD L]RODWRDUHORU Tipul izolatoarelor /DQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH WLS FDS WLM /DQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH WLS WLM L L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW TiSXO ODQ XULORU VDX OHJ WXULORU Simplu Dublu Coeficientul aerodinamic, cti 0,35 0,55 0,55 0,80
iz HVWH FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO DO YkQWXOXL SH ODQ XO GH L]RODWRDUH vQ IXQF LH GH vQ O LPHD GH SULQGHUH D ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH ID GH QLYHOXO VROXOXL 6H GHWHUPLQ GLQ GLDJUDPD
c. QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH VWkOSL, g

g
= c p [daN/m2], (2.7) v st ts s n care cts HVWH FRHILFLHQWXO DHURGLQDPLF DO VWkOSXOXL GHWHUPLQDW vQ GLDJUDPD SHQWUX VWkOSLL PHWDOLFL L vQ WDEHOXO SHQWUX VWkOSLL GLQ EHWRQ VDX GLQ HDY 3HQWUX VWkOSLL VSD LDOL GLQ HDY FDOFXOXO FRHILFLHQWXOXi cts se va face conform STAS 10101/20.
v st
, VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD
Tabelul 2.5. Valorile coeficientului aerodinamic, cts SHQWUX VWkOSLL GLQ EHWRQ VDX GLQ HDY Elementul Coeficientul aerodinamic, cts 0,7 2,0
6WkOS FX VHF LXQH RUL]RQWDO FLUFXODU EHWRQ FHQWULIXJDW HDY PHWDOLF OHPn) 6WkOS FX VXSUDIH H SODQH EHWRQ YLEUDW
s HVWH FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO SH VWkOS GHSLQ]kQG GH WXUEXOHQ D YkQWXOXL vQ IXQF LH GH UXJR]LWDWHD WHUHQXOXL L GH U VSXQVXO GLQDPLF DO VWUXFWXULL ,QFOXGH HIHFWXO YDULD LHL YkQWXOXL FX vQ O LPHD Valoarea coeficientului, s HVWH YDULDELO FX vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD WHUHQXOXL D FHQWUXOXL GH JUHXWDWH DO VXSUDIH HL HOHPHQWXOXL FRPSRQHQW DO VWkOSXOXL SH FDUH DF LRQHD] YkQWXO 3HQWUX ]RQH GHVFKLVH FkPSLL VLOYRVWHSH PDOXUL GHVFKLVH DOH P ULL ODFXULORU HWF SUHFXP L SHQWUX ]RQH FRQVWUXLWH FX REVWDFROH FX vQ O LPL PDL PLFL GH P VLWXDWH OD DOWLWXGLQL SkQ OD P GHDVXSUD QLYHOXOXL P ULL FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO SHQWUX VWkOSLL FX vQ O LPL SkQ OD P VH GHWHUPLQ GLQ diagrama 2.2. Curbele de YDULD LH GLQ GLDJUDPD VXQW SUHOXDWH GLQ &(,
1RW 3HQWUX VWkOSL VDX HOHPHQWH FRPSRQHQWH GH VWkOSL FX vQ O LPHD FHQWUXOXL GH JUHXWDWH PDL PLF GH P VH DGRSW YDORDUHD s FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH vQ O LPLL FHQWUXOXL GH JUHXWDWH GH P
20
PentrX VWkOSLL FX vQ O LPHD GH SHVWH P GH H[HPSOX VWkOSLL PDULORU WUDYHUV UL YDORDUHD FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH UDIDO SH VWkOS s VH YD GHWHUPLQD VHSDUDW vQ IXQF LH GH VLWXD LD ORFDO UXJR]LWDWHD WHUHQXOXL L GH WLSXO OLQLHL
DiagrDPD 9DULD LD FRHILFLHQWXOXL DHURGLQDPLF cts, vQ IXQF LH GH FRHILFLHQWXO GH XPSOHUH O, SHQWUX VWkOSLL /($ GLQ ] EUHOH - corniere. QF UF ULOH WRWDOH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL pe fiecare element constructiv al liniei VH FDOFXOHD] SH ED]D vQF UF ULORU XQLWDUH GDWRUDWH DF LXQLL YkQWXOXL GHWHUPLQDWH OD SXQFWHOH D E F
21
D QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUH, Fc DF LRQkQG QRUPDO SH D[XO FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD F = g a sin 2 [daN], (2.8) c vc v unde: av HVWH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW vQ PHWUL GHILQLW OD SXQFWXO gvc - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO D - XQJKLXO RUL]RQWDO GLQWUH GLUHF LD GXS FDUH DF LRQHD] YkQWXO L GLUHF LD FRQGXFWRUXOXL liniei, n grade. Q LSRWH]HOH FX YkQW DF LRQkQG vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL FC = 2 g VC f C [daN], unde:
(2.9)
fc HVWH V JHDWD FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ P GHILQLW OD SXQFWXO gvc - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO D FX OXDUHD vQ FRnsiderare a coeficientului GH UDIDO SH FRQGXFWRU c GHWHUPLQDW GH GLDJUDPD FRUHVSXQ] WRU vQ O LPLL GH SULQGHUH vQ FOHP D conductorului minus 0,5 . fc. (IHFWXO WRWDO DO YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH IDVFLFXODUH VH YD FRQVLGHUD HJDO FX VXPD vQF UF ULORr SH VXEFRQGXFWRDUH I U V VH LQ VHDPD GH HIHFWXO GH HFUDQDUH DO XQXL VXEFRQGXFWRU DVXSUD DOWXLD
E QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH L]RODWRDUH, Fiz, VH GHWHUPLQ FX UHOD LD
A F =g iz v iz iz
[daN],
(2.10)
unde:
Aiz - DULD GUHSWXQJKLXOXL DYkQG FD ODWXUL OXQJLPHD WRWDO D ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH UHVSHFWLY SHQWUX L]RODWRUXO VXSRUW vQ O LPHD DFHVWXLD L GLDPHWUXO PD[LP DO L]RODWRUXOXL n ipotezele GH YkQW VLPXOWDQ FX FKLFLXU DULD Aiz VH PDMRUHD] FX
iz
g v - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO E
F QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH VWkOSL, Fst VH FDOFXOHD] DVWIHO n cazul vntului perpendicular pe linie: [daN], (2.11) F = g A st v st st n cazul vntului la 45: F = 0,75 g A >GD1@ SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQ FHOH GRX IH H DGLDFHQWH H[SXVH OD YkQW st v st st unde: g v HVWH vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO F SHQWUX ILHFDUH HOHPHQW FRPSRQHQW
st
al stlpului; Ast - aria plinurilor constUXF LHL HOHPHQWHORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH VWkOSXOXL QXPDL R ID SHQWUX YkQWXO SHUSHQGLFXODU L ILHFDUH GLQ IH HOH DGLDFHQWH SHQWUX YkQWXO OD . 3HQWUX VXSUDIH H FLOLQGULFH HVWH HJDO FX VHF LXQHD GLDPHWUDO D HOHPHQWXOXL VWkOSXOXL n ipotezele vnt simultaQ FX FKLFLXU VH YD OXD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH R VXSUDID PDMRUDW D VWkOSXOXL PHWDOLF FX ] EUHOH VDX GH EHWRQ FX DOYHROH HJDO FX 1,5 . Ast. La stlpii simplii de beton FHQWULIXJDW PHWDOLFL WXEXODUL VDX GH OHPQ QX VH YD OXD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH R FUHWHUH D VXSUDIH HL VWkOSXOXL vQ LSRWH]D YkQW VLPXOWDQ FX FKLFLXU ___________________ *) 'XS &(,
22
2.2.2.1. QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD FRQGXFWRDUHORU L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU VH GHWHUPLQ FX UHOD LD SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUH QHDFRSHULWH FX FKLFLXU g1: [daN/m], (2.12) g1 = gc n care gc HVWH PDVD XQLWDU D FRQGXFWRUXOXL JUHVDW FDUH VH J VHWH vQ VWDQGDUGHOH GH FRQGXFWRDUH
pentru cKLFLXU J2:
g 2 = b ch (b ch + d c )
ch
2.2.2. ncarcarile datorate maselor proprii si a depunerilor de chiciura
10 3
[daN/m],
(2.13)
n care: dc este diametrul conductorului, n mm; bch - JURVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU GHILQLW vQ WDEHOXO ch - JUHXWDWHD YROXPLF D FKLFLXUHL vQ GD1GP3;
pentru conductoarele acoperite cu chiFLXU J3: [daN/m]. g3 = g1 + g2
(2.14)
2.2.2.2. QF UF ULOH WRWDOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD L GHSXQHULOH GH FKLFLXU SH HOHPHQWHOH OLQLHL D QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD FRQGXFWRDUHORU L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU
pentru conductoarele neacoperite cu FKLFLXU Gc: [daN], Gc = g1 ag SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFRSHULWH FX FKLFLXU Gc.ch:
(2.15)
[daN], (2.16) Gc.ch = g3 ag n care ag HVWH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH vQ PHWUL GHILQLW OD SXQFWXO E QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD ODQ XULORU GH L]RODWRDUH L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU
SHQWUX ODQ XULOH GH L]RODWRDUH QHDFRSHULWH GH FKLFLXU Giz; SHQWUX ODQ XULOH GH L]RODWRDUH DFRSHULWH FX FKLFLXU Giz.ch = 1,1 . Giz, n care Giz este suma maselor elementelor componente din laQ XO GH L]RODWRDUH
F QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD VWkOSLORU L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU
SHQWUX VWkOSLL QHDFRSHUL L FX FKLFLXU Gst; SHQWUX VWkOSLL PHWDOLFL VDX GLQ EHWRQ DFRSHUL L FX FKLFLXU Gst.ch = 1,1 . Gst, n care Gst este suma maselor elementelor componente ale stlpului.
23
2.2.3.1. QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ WUDF LXQHD GLQ FRQGXFWRDUH, po VH FDOFXOHD] SH ED]D VHF LXQLL UHDOH D FRQGXFWRDUHORU L D WUDF LXQLL RUL]RQWDOH XQLWDUH GLQ FRQGXFWRDUH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH WHPSHUDWXULL L vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH GDWH GH PDVD SURSULH L VXSUDVDUFLQLOH H[WHULRDUH SRWULYLW LSRWH]HORU GH vQF UFDUH GH OD SXQFWXO FX DMXWRUXO HFXD LHL GH VWDUH SRUQLQGX-VH GH OD VW ULOH GHILQLWH OD punctul 3.6. QF UF ULOH GDWRUDWH WUDF LXQLL GLQ FRQGXFWRDUH VH DSOLF vQ SXQFWXO GH SULQGHUH DO ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH GH VWkOS L VH FRQVLGHU F DF LRQHD] RUi]RQWDO vQ GLUHF LD FRQGXFWRDUHORU 2.2.3.2. QF UF ULOH WRWDOH GDWRUDWH WUDF LXQLL vQ FRQGXFWRDUH FDUH DF LRQHD] DVXSUD ODQ XULORU GH izolatoDUH L D VWkOSLORU n regim normal: [daN], (2.17) To = po Sc vQ DFHVW FD] WUDF LXQHD XQLWDU po, VH FDOFXOHD] vQ FRQGL LLOH G L J
n regim de avarie: pentru fazele neavariate: [daN], (2.18) To = po Sc vQ DFHVW FD] WUDF LXQHD XQLWDU po, VH FDOFXOHD] vQ FRQGL LD J FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH vQF UF ULL WRWDOH g7a tabelul 2.6.); pentru fazele avariate vQF UFDUHD F VH GHWHUPLQ vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX WDEHOXO
2.2.3. ncarcarile datorate tractiunii din conductoare
Tabelul 2.6. QF UF ULle, F FDUH DF LRQHD] DVXSUD VWkOSLORU L ODQ XULORU GH L]RODWRDUH vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH 7LSXO IXQF LRQDO al stlpului 6XV LQHUH Normal QW ULW Caracteristicile echipamentului Sistemul de prindere Tipul clemelor sau Tipul a conductorului aO OHJ WXULORU conductoarelor &OHPH FX WUDF LXQH Active 6XV LQHUH OLPLWDW 6XV LQHUH ntindere ntindere &OHPH FX UH LQHUHD conductorului 3URWHF LH Active 5HOD LD GH FDOFXO SHQWUX vQF UFDUHD F (daN) F = k e dc F = ks kn To F = 0,4 To F = n To
QWLQGHUH L terminal
/HJ WXri de ntindere Cleme de ntindere
$FWLYH L GH SURWHF LH $FWLYH L GH SURWHF LH
To = po Sc [daN], (2.19) cu po FDOFXODW vQ FRQGL LLOH SXQFWXOXL J FRUHVSXQ] WRU vQF UF ULL WRWDOH g7a tabelul 2.8.), n daN/mm2; n HVWH QXP UXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH ID] ke - FRHILFLHQWXO FDUH LQH VHDPD GH HIHFWXO GH HOLEHUDUH D FRQGXFWRUXOXL GLQ FOHP OD R DQXPLW YDORDUH D WUDF LXQLL vQ FRQGXFWRU vQ GD1PP ke = 25, pentru stalpii LEA cu Un 110 kV; ke = 50, pentru stalpii LEA cu Un > 110 kV;
24
unde:
ks - FRHILFLHQWXO FDUH LQH VHDPD GH UHGXFHUHD WUDF LXQLL vQ FRQGXFWRU SULQ vQFOLQDUHD ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH GH VXV LQHUH vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL Ns = 0,65; kn - FRHILFLHQWXO FDUH LQH VHDPD GH QXP UXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH ID] kn = 1,0 pentru n = 1; kn = 0,8 pentru n = 2; kn = 0,7 pentru n = 3; kn = 0,6 pentru n = 4.
Q FD]XO XWLOL] ULL OD VWkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH D FRQVROHORU WUDYHUVHORU VDX FRURQDPHQWHORU DUWLFXODWH GHIRUPDELOH HWF VH YD SXWHD LQH VHDPD GH UHGXFHULOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH DOH vQF UF ULORU FDUH VH WUDQVPLW asupra stlpilor, n cazul ruperii conductoarelor.
QF UF ULOH GH FDOFXO FDUH VWDX OD ED]D GLPHQVLRQ ULL HOHPHQWHORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH /($ VH RE LQ SULQ vQPXO LUHD vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH GHWHUPLQDWH FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL FX FRHILFLHQ LL SDU LDOL GH VLJXUDQ LQkQGX-VH VHDPD GH JUXSDUHD vQF UF ULORU SUHFL]DWH OD SXQFWXO &ODVLILFDUHD L GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU GH FDOFXO vPSUHXQ FX FRHILFLHQ LL SDU LDOL GH VLJXUDQ FDUH VWDX OD ED]D GLPHQVLRQ ULL HOHPHQWHORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH /($ VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO Tabelul 2.7. &ODVLILFDUHD GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU GH FDOFXO L FRHILFLHQ LL SDU LDOL GH VLJXUDQ pentru dimensionarea elementelor LEA. &RHILFLHQWXO SDU LDO GH VLJXUDQ Categoriile n a QF UF UL GH vQF UF UL Zonele Zonele Zonele Zonele $ % L & ' L ( $ % L & ' L ( Masa proprie Permanente 1,10 1,10 (stlpi, cabluri, conductoare, (P) (0,90)* (0,90)* L]RODWRDUH LQVWDOD LL HWF a) Presiunea LEA 1,30 1,50 0,25 0,45 vntului pe 20 110 kV conductoare, stlpi, cabluri, LEA izolatoare cu 1,50 1,70 0,30 0,50 220 400 kV VDX I U FKLFLXU Variabile (V) b) Masa chiciurei SH FRQGXFWRDUH DFWLYH L 1,80 1,80 GH SURWHF LH VWkOSL L]RODWRDUH (1,00)* (1,00)* etc. F 7UDF LXQHD conductoarelor n regim 1,30** QRUPDO GH IXQF LRQDUH ([FHS LRQDOH 7UDF LXQHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU 1,10** (E) n regim de avarie Regim de QF UF UL UH]XOWDWH montaj 1,10 din schema de montaj (M)
2.3.
DETERMINAREA NCARCARILOR DE CALCUL
25
ValRULOH UHVSHFWLY VH LQWURGXF vQ FDOFXO GDF vQF UF ULOH UHVSHFWLYH DX HIHFW GHIDYRUDELO DVXSUD UH]LVWHQ HL VDX VWDELOLW LL XQRU HOHPHQWH DOH VWkOSXOXL VDX IXQGD LLORU OD VWDUHD OLPLW DQDOL]DW **) 6H UHIHU OD GHWHUPLQDUHD WUDF LXQLL vQ FRQGXFWRDUH SHQWUX FDOFXOXO VWkOSLORU L VH DSOLF WUDF LXQLL PD[LPH QRUPDWH UH]XOWDW GLQ vQF UF ULOH QRUPDWH
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1RW
3HQWUX PDULOH WUDYHUV UL FRHILFLHQ LL SDU LDOL GH VLJXUDQ SHQWUX vQF UF ULOH GLQ YkQW SRW IL OXD L PDL PDUL GHFkW FHL LQGLFD L vQ WDEHOXO vQ IXQF LH GH LPSRUWDQ D WUDYHUV ULL L GH VLWXD LD ORFDO vQV QX PDL PDUL GHFkW FHL SUHY ]X L vQ 67$6 - SHQWUX FDWHJRULD , GH LPSRUWDQ D FRQVWUXF LLORU
/D FDOFXOXO L GLPHQVLRQDUHD HOHPHQWHORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH /($ vQ UHJLPXULOe normale de IXQF LRQDUH JUXSDUHD IXQGDPHQWDO GH vQF UF UL L UHJLPXULOH GH DYDULH JUXSDUHD VSHFLDO GH vQF UF UL JUXS ULOH vQF UF ULORU GH OD SXQFWXO VH YRU IDFH GXS XUP WRDUHOH UHOD LL
5HJLPXULOH QRUPDOH GH IXQF LRQDUH
P + V LQWHUYLQ OD GHWHUPLQDUHD V JH LORU FRQGXFWRDUHORU QF UF UL GH FDOFXO P + V

i i
QF UF UL QRUPDWH
Regim de avarie
QF UF UL GH FDOFXO
P i + a Vi + a E i
/D FDOFXOXO L GLPHQVLRQDUHD HOHPHQWHORr componente ale LEA se vor lua n considerare XUP WRDUHOH JUXS UL DOH vQF UF ULORU GDWRUDWH IDFWRULORU FOLPDWR - PHWHRURORJLFL FX LSRWH]H GH vQF UFDUH D WHPSHUDWXUD PLQLP YkQWXO L FKLFLXUD OLSVHVF E WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLH YkQWXO L FKLFLXUD OLSVHVF; F WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLH YLWH]D YkQWXOXL GH PV FKLFLXUD OLSVHWH G WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLH YLWH]D PD[LP D YkQWXOXL FKLFLXUD OLSVHWH H WHPSHUDWXUD PD[LP YkQWXO L FKLFLXUD OLSVHVF I WHPSHUDWXUD GH IRUPDUH D FKLFLXUHL L GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU SH elementele componente ale liniei YkQWXO OLSVHWH J WHPSHUDWXUD GH IRUPDUH D FKLFLXUHL YkQWXO VLPXOWDQ FX FKLFLXUD L GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU SH elementele componente ale liniei). 7HPSHUDWXULOH PLQLPH PHGLL PD[LPH L GH IRUPDUH D FKLFLXUHL FDUH se iau n considerare pentru WHULWRULXO ULL SHQWUX GLPHQVLRQDUHD HOHPHQWHORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH /($ VXQW FHOH SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO Q WDEHOXO VXQW UH]XPDWH UHOD LLOH SHQWUX GHWHUPLQDUHD vQF UF ULORU XQLWDUH QRUPDWH L GH FDOFXO pe conductoarele liniilor electrice aeriene, iar n tabelul 2.9. sunt prezentate formulele pentru determinarea IRU HORU SH VWkOS SURYHQLWH GLQ vQF UF ULOH GH FDOFXO GDWRUDWH DF LXQLL YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH OLQLLORU electrice aeriene.
2.4.
GRUPAREA NCARCARILOR
26
QF UF UL QRUPDWH SURYHQLWH GLQ
Masa proprie a conductorului Masa depunerii de FKLFLXU SH FRQGXFWRU 0DVD WRWDO SURSULH L D GHSXQHULL GH FKLFLXU D conductorului 3UHVLXQHD GDW GH YkQW pe conductorul neacoperit cu chiciur 3UHVLXQHD GDW GH YkQW pe conductorul acoperit FX FKLFLXU QF UFDUHD WRWDO SH FRQGXFWRU vQ FRQGL LLOH vntului maxim QF UFDUHD WRWDO SH condXFWRU vQ FRQGL LLOH GH YkQW L FKLFLXU Masa proprie a conductorului Masa depunerii de FKLFLXU SH Fonductor
Tabelul 2.8. Determinarea vQF UF ULORU XQLWDUH QRUPDWH L GH FDOFXO SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH OLQLLORU HOHFWULFH DHULHQH L JUXSDUHD ORU SH UHJLPXULOH GH IXQF LRQDUH QF UF UL Regim normal Regim de avarie (daN) JUXSDUHD IXQGDPHQWDO JUXSDUHD VSHFLDO
g1 = gc
g = b (d + b) 10 3 ch 2 c
g = g + b (d + b) 10 3 3 c c ch
g = c p d 10 - 3 4 tc c (v) c
g = c p (d + 2 b) 10 3 5 tc c (v + ch) c
g = a c p (d + 2 b)10 3 5a tc c (v+ ch) c n
g2 + g2 1 4
g 7a
g = g2 + g2 7 3 5
= g2 + g2 3 5a
1c
= 1,10 g (g = 0,90 g )* c 1c c
QF UF UL GH FDOFXO SURYHQLWH GLQ
0DVD WRWDO SURSULH L D GHSXQHULL GH FKLFLXU D conductorului 3UHVLXQHD GDW GH YkQW pe conductorul QHDFRSHULW GH FKLFLXU
= 1,80 b (d + b) 10 3 ch c [g = 1,00 b (d + b) 10 3 ]* 2c c ch g = 1,10 g 1,80 b (d + b) 10 3 ch 3c c c [g = 0,90 g 1,00 b (d + b) 10 3 ]* 3c c c ch
2c
4c
tc
(v)
d 10 3 c
g 5ac (v + ch) (d + 2 b) 10 3 c a tc c = c p
3UHVLXQHD GDW GH YkQW pe conductorul acoperit FX FKLFLXU QF UFDUHD WRWDO SH FRQGXFWRU vQ FRQGL LLOH vntului maxim QF UFDUHD WRWDO SH FRQGXFWRU vQ FRQGL LLOH GH YkQW L FKLFLXU
*)
5c
(v + ch) (d + 2 b) 10 3 c n tc c
= g2 + g2 1 4c
6c
5HOD LLOH GLQWUH SDUDQWH]H VH LQWURGXF vQ FDOFXO GDF vQF UF ULOH UHVSHFWLYH DX HIHFW GHIDYRUDELO asupra rezisten HL VDX VWDELOLW LL XQRU HOHPHQWH DOH VWkOSXOXL VDX IXQGD LLORU OD VWDUHD OLPLW DQDOL]DW
27
7c
= g2 + g2 3c 5c
7DEHOXO 'HWHUPLQDUHD IRU HORU GH FDOFXO GDWRUDWH DF LXQLL YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH /($ GD1ID] ). 'LUHF LD GH DF LRQDUH D vntului
Tipul stlpului 6WkOS GH VXV LQHUH Stlp de ntindere Stlp terminal n aliniament StkOS GH FRO (an = an+1)
)RU H GXS GLUHF LD x-x ( SH /($ OD VWkOSL GH VXV LQHUH sau n axul consolelor stlpilor GH FRO
)RU H GXS GLUHF LD y-y (n lungul LEA sau perpendicular SH D[XO FRQVROHORU OD VWkOSLL GH FRO -
nc
gvc av
45
^^
0,5 nc n gvc av
-
2 nc
3
gvc fc
nc
gvc av sin
n
45
^^
0,5 nc
gvc av sin
-
nc
gvc av cos 2 sin

n
nc
gvc av cos 3
Not :
n este coHILFLHQWXO SDU LDO GH VLJXUDQ gvc - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU SURYHQLW GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH FRQGXFWRDUH vQ GD1P fc - V JHDWD FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ P nc - QXP UXO GH FRQGXFWRDUH SH ID] 2 - unghiul dintre aliniamentele liniei, n grade;
av =
ai + ai + 1 - GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW D VWkOSXOXL vQ PHWUL 2
,SRWH]HOH GH DF LRQDUH DOH YkQWXOXL VXQW - vnt perpendicular pe linie; 45 - vnt la 45 pe linie; ^^ - vnt n lungul liniei.
28
3.1. Din punctul de vedere al materialHORU L DO DOF WXLULL FRQVWUXFWLYH OD FRQVWUXLUHD /($ VH YRU XWLOL]D FRQGXFWRDUHOH IXQLH GLQ DOXPLQLX DOLDMH GH DOXPLQLX R HO FRQGXFWRDUH IXQLH GLQ DOXPLQLX - R HO L aliaje de aluminiu - R HO SUHFXP L FRQGXFWRDUH VSHFLDOH FX ILEUH RSWLFH vQJOREDWH (n diferite variante constructive). La liniile de medie tensiune se pot utiliza conductoare izolate. &RQGL LLOH WHKQLFH JHQHUDOH GLPHQVLXQLOH L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH IL]LFR - mecanice ale conductoarelor LEA WUHEXLH V FRUHVSXQG VWDQGDUGHORU VDX QRUPHORU LQWHUQH DOH SURGXF WRULORU Q FD]XO XQRU WLSXUL QRL VDX VSHFLDOH GH FRQGXFWRDUH QHVWDQGDUGL]DWH VDX I U QRUPH LQWHUQH VH YRU considera, pentru caracteristicile fizico - mecanice ale materialelor componente, valorile din tabelul 3.1. 3.3. Din consideUHQWH PHFDQLFH FRQGXFWRDUHOH YRU DYHD XUP WRDUHOH VHF LXQL DFWLYH PLQLPH 25 mm2 pentru conductoarele funie de aluminiu - R HO DOLDMH GH DOXPLQLX - R HO L DOLDMH GH DOXPLQLX 16 mm2 SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH IXQLH GH R HO 3HQWUX SRU LXQLOH VSHFLDOH GH WUDVHX WUDYHUV UL DSURSLHUL GH FRQVWUXF LL HWF VHF LXQLOH PLQLPH DOH conductoarelor sunt precizate n tabelul 11.1. 3HQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH GH SURWHF LH GLQ R HO VH YRU XWLOL]D VkUPH GLQ R HO GH vQDOW UH]LVWHQ FRQIRUP SR CEI 60888. 3.5. Srmele din R HO XWLOL]DWH OD UHDOL]DUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU IXQLH GH R HO L D S U LL LQLPLL GH R HO a conductoarelor de aluminiu - R HO L DOLDMH GH DOXPLQLX - R HO YRU IL SURWHMDWH vPSRWULYD FRUR]LXQLL FX un strat gros de zinc (clasa 2 de zincare conform SR CEI 60888). Pentru conductoarele LEA cu tensiuni 1 kV < Un U 20 kV, situate n zone geografice cu clasa de DJUHVLYLWDWH P L P GHILQLWH FRQIRUP 67$6 VH DGPLWH IRORVLUHD VkUPHORU GH R HO FX VWUDW VXE LUH GH ]LQF FODVD GH ]LQFDUH FRQIRUP 65 &(, 88). &DOFXOXO PHFDQLF DO FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH HIHFWXHD] GXS PHWRGD OD VW UL OLPLW vQ FDUH UH]LVWHQ HOH GH FDOFXO VXQW VWDELOLWH vQ SURFHQWH GLQ UH]LVWHQ D GH UXSHUH FDOFXODW D FRQGXFWRUXOXL prc GHILQLW FRQIRUP punctului 1.2.30. Prin calcul, se XUP UHWH FD UH]LVWHQ HOH PHFDQLFH GH FDOFXO GHILQLWH OD SXQFWXO V QX ILH GHS LWH FX PDL PXOW GH vQ SXQFWHOH GH SULQGHUH DOH FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ FOHPH OD GLIHULWH VW UL GH IXQF LRQDUH 6H YRU YHULILFD XUP WRDUHOH VW UL a) starea de solicitare PD[LP DS UXW vQ LSRWH]D FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWXOXL J FX vQF UFDUHD g7c GLQ WDEHOXO SHQWUX FDUH YDORDUHD PD[LP D UH]LVWHQ HL GH FDOFXO YD IL GH 0,7 . prc; b) VWDUHD GH WHPSHUDWXU PLQLP FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWXOXL D FX vQF UFDUHD g1, pentru care YDORDUHD PD[LP D UH]LVWHQ HL GH FDOFXO YD IL GH 0,5 . prc; c) VWDUHD GH VROLFLWDUH GH ILHFDUH ]L FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWXOXL E FX vQF UFDUHD g1, pentru FDUH YDORDUHD PD[LP D UH]LVWHQ HL GH FDOFXO YD IL GH 0,18 . prc, cnd deschiderea este mai mare de 120 m L FRQGXFWRDUHOH QX VXQW SUHY ]XWH FX DQWLYLEUDWRDUH L 0,25 . prc FkQG GHVFKLGHUHD HVWH PDL PLF GH P VDX FkQG FRQGXFWRDUHOH VXQW SUHY ]XWH FX DQWLYLEUDWRDUH &DOFXOXO PHFDQLF DO FRQGXFWRDUHORU L]RODWH L D FHORU FX ILEU RSWLF LQFOXV VH IDFH vQ DFHODL PRG ca la conductoarele normale.
29
3. CONDUCTOARELE
Q SOXV SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH FX ILEU RSWLF LQFOXV SURGXF WRULL WUHEXLH V DGXF GRYH]L ED]DWH SH WHVWH F vQ RULFDUH GLQ VW ULOH D E VDX F GHILQLWH PDL VXV OD OLPLW FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH PHFDQLFH L RSWLFH DOH ILEUHL U PkQ QHVFKLPEDWH 0RQWDUHD GH DQWLYLEUDWRDUH SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH QHIDVFLFXODUH L SH FRQGXFWRDUHOH GH SURWHF LH VH YD IDFH vQ IXQF LH GH PRUIRORJLD WHUHQXOXL LQGLIHUHQW GH YDORDUHD PD[LP D UH]LVWHQ HL GH FDOFXO DGRSWDW $QDOL]D VH YD IDFH SH WRDW OLQLD SHQWUX ILHFDUH GHVFKLGHUH vQ SDUWH FX DMXWRUXO GLDJUDPHORU GLQ ILJXUD SUHOXDWH GLQ UHFRPDQG ULOH &,*5( 'LDJUDPHOH GHOLPLWHD] ]RQHOH VLJXUH FX VDX I U DQWLYLEUDWRDUH PRQWDWH GH ]RQD QHVLJXU unde sunt necesaUH VLVWHPH GH DPRUWL]DUH VSHFLDOH vQ IXQF LH GH UDSRDUWHOH ai . dc / g1 L po / 1.
)LJXUD 'LDJUDPD SULYLQG SURWHF LD FRQGXFWRDUHORU /($ FX DQWLYLEUDWRDUH vQ IXQF LH GH IRUPD L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH WHUHQXOXL /HJHQG ai este deschiderea ntre stlpi, n m; dc - diametrul conductorului, n m; gc - PDVD XQLWDU D FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ NJP c - PDVD VSHFLILF D FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ NJPmm2; po - WUDF LXQHD RUL]RQWDO XQLWDU vQ FRQGXFWRU OD C, n kg/mm2. 6 JH LOH PD[LPH DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH FDOFXOHD] vQ LSRWH]HOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWHORU H L I V JH LOH PLQLPH L V JH LOH PHGLL VH FDOFXOHD] vQ LSRWH]HOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWHORU D UHVSHFWLY E OD vQF UF UL QRUPDWH FX XUP WRDUHOH SUHFL] UL YkQWXO DF LRQHD] SHUSHndicular pe conductoare; FRHILFLHQWXO GH UDIDO L QHXQLIRUPLWDWH DO YkQWXOXL VH GHWHUPLQ SH ED]D vQ O LPLL PHGLL GH VXVSHQVLH D FRQGXFWRUXOXL GLQ GHVFKLGHUHD FHD PDL GHIDYRUDELO GLQ SDQRX GLQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO WUDF LXQLL orizontale, conform punctului 2.1.6.
30
/D FDOFXOXO FXUEHORU DEORQ XWLOL]DWH OD DPSODVDUHD VWkOSLORU SH SURILOXO OLQLHL vQ ID]D GH SURLHFWDUH VH YD FRQVLGHUD VWDUHD ILQDO D WUDF LXQLORU L V JH LORU FRQGXFWRDUHORU $FHDVWD LQH VHDPD GH IHQRPHQXO GH IOXDM &D VWDUH ILQDO VH YD OXD VWDUHD H[LVWHQW GXS DQL GH IXQF LRQDUH /D FDOFXOXO V JH LORU GH PRQWDM DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH YD FRQVLGHUD VWDUHD LQL LDO UHVSHFWLY VWDUHD GLQDLQWHD DSDUL LHL IHQRPHQXOXL GH IOXDM 7UDF LXQLOH L V JH LOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU SHQWUX VWDUHD LQL LDO se FDOFXOHD] SOHFkQG GH OD YDORULOH PD[LPH DOH UH]LVWHQ HORU GH FDOFXO LQGLFDWH OD SXQFWXO &DOFXOXO WUDF LXQLORU OD DOWH VW UL GHFkW FHOH GH GLPHQVLRQDUH VH YD IDFH FX DMXWRUXO HFXD LHL GH VWDUH aplicndu-VH PHWRGD FX PRGXOH GH HODVWLFLWDWH LQL LDO i final egale. Q VLWXD LD vQ FDUH IDEULFDQ LL RIHU GDWH VXSOLPHQWDUH FHUWH VH SRW DSOLFD PHWRGD GH FDOFXO FX PRGXOH GH HODVWLFLWDWH LQL LDO L ILQDO GLIHULWH VDX PHWRGH GH FDOFXO H[DFWH FX XWLOL]DUHD GH FXUEH GH vQF UFDUH revenire ale conductoareORU L GH IOXDM FRQVLGHUDW GXS DQL vQWRFPLWH SH ED] GH WHVWH 9DORDUHD FRQWUDJUHXW LORU VH YD GHWHUPLQD vQ LSRWH]HOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWHORU D L 2.4.1.d. 6 JH LOH GH PRQWDM L V JH LOH FX FDUH VH UHSUH]LQW FXUEHOH DEORQ DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH FDOFXOHD] FX YDORUL DOH vQF UF ULORU L WUDF LXQLORU QRUPDWH SRUQLQGX-VH GH OD vQF UFDUHD GH FDOFXO g7c sau g1c) L YDORDUHD PD[LP D UH]LVWHQ HL GH FDOFXO DGPLV OD VWDUHD GH GLPHQVLRQDUH LQGLFDW OD SXQFWXO
31
Material
Tabelul 3.1. Caracteristicile fizico-mecanice ale srmelor componente ale conductoarelor funie pentru LEA. Coeficientul Greutatea Coeficientul Rezistivitatea GH WHPSHUDWXU YROXPLF Modulul de dilatare HOHFWULF vQ FXUHQW Caracteristici DO UH]LVWHQ HL (greutatea de elasticitate WHUPLF continuu la 20C VSHFLILF electrice OLQLDU 3 2 -1 LEA Standard kg/dm daN/mm2 mm /m C C-1 LEA existente STAS 12488-86 SR CEI 60889 SR CEI 60104 STAS 3732/1;2-85 SR CEI 60888 STAS 3732/1;2-85 SR CEI 60888 0,028264 0,004 2,7 2,310
-5
5H]LVWHQ D la rupere daN/mm2

18,5 17,3 ( = 1,852,50 mm) 17,3 16,4 ( = 2,504,00 mm) 18,5 17,5 ( = 1,852,50 mm) 17,0 16,5 ( = 2,503,50 mm)
Aluminiu
5500
LEA noi
< 0,028264
0,00403
2,703
2,310-5
(5500)
0,032840 - tip A 0,032530 - tip B 0,2510 0,2493 ( 1,45 3,20 mm) 0,2510 0,2493 ( 1,45 3,20 mm) -
0,0036
2,703
2,310
-5
(5500)
32,5 (tip A), 29,5 (tip B) ( SkQ OD PP LQFOXVLY 31,5 (tip A), 29,5 (tip B) ( peste 3,5 mm)
Aliaje de aluminiu 2 HO categoria B
LEA existente LEA noi LEA existente LEA noi
0,0045 0,0045 -
7,85 7,78 7,85 7,78
1,1510-5 1,1510-5 1,1510-5 1,1510-5
19600 (19600) 19600 (19600)
117,6 119,0 124,0 ( = 4,251,24 mm) 137,3 128,0 138,0 ( = 4,251,24 mm)
1RW
2 HO categoria C
Valorile dintre paranteze nu VXQW SUHY ]XWH vQ VWDQGDUGXO UHVSHFWLY
32
4. IZOLATOARELE, CLEMELE, ARMATURILE

3HQWUX GLPHQVLRQDUHD GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH HOHFWULF D L]RODWRDUHORU VDX ODQ XULORU GH L]RODWRDUH DOH /($ WLSXO L QXP UXO L]RODWRDUHORU GH VXVSHQVLH GLQ ODQ urile de izolatoare sau tipul izolatoarelor suport VH YRU DOHJH DVWIHO vQFkW V VH DVLJXUH XQ QLYHO GH L]ROD LH FDUDFWHUL]DW GXS FXP XrPHD] a) 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD IUHFYHQ LQGXVWULDO WLPS GH XQ PLQXW VXE SORDLH vQ IXQF LH GH tensiunea nomiQDO D OLQLHL WUHEXLH V DLE FHO SX LQ YDORULOH GLQ WDEHOXO b) 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD XQGD GH LPSXOV GH IRUP QRUPDOL]DW GH s, de SRODULWDWH FDUH FRQGXFH OD WHQVLXQHD GH LQHUH FHD PDL PLF WUHEXLH V ILH FHO SX LQ HJDO FX YDORULOH din tabelul 4.1. c) 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD XQGD GH LPSXOV GH FRPXWD LH V WUHEXLH V ILH FHO SX LQ HJDO FX YDORULOH GLQ WDEHOXO &RRUGRQDUHD L]ROD LHL OLQLHL VH YD IDFH SULQ OLPLWDUHD WHQVLXQLL GH FRQWXUQDUH U 50%, la unda de impuls GH IRUP QRUPDOL]DW GH V OD GLQ YDORDUHD WHQVLXQLL QRPLQDOH GH LQHUH GHILQLW OD punctul c), indiferent de polaritatea undei. 'HWHUPLQDUHD QXP UXOXL GH L]RODWRDUH GLQ ODQ XULOH GH L]RODWRDUH VDX WLSXO L]RODWRDUHORU VXSRUW vQ IXQF ie de gradul de poluare al zonei traversate se va face conform prevederilor normativului PE 109. )RORVLUHD DUP WXULORU GH SURWHF LH vPSRWULYD DUFXOXL HOHFWULF HVWH REOLJDWRULH OD /($ FX WHQVLXQL QRPLQDOH GH N9 N9 L N9 La LEA cu tensLXQH QRPLQDO GH N9 HVWH SRVLELO UHQXQ DUHD OD DUP WXULOH GH SURWHF LH vPSRWULYD DUFXOXL HOHFWULF GDF VXQW UHVSHFWDWH SUHYHGHULOH QRUPDWLYXOXL 3( 1XP UXO GH L]RODWRDUH GHWHUPLQDWH SH ED]D WHQVLXQLORU QRPLQDOH GH LQHUH GLQ WDEHOXO VH YRU P UL FX vQ FD]XO L]RODWRDUHORU VWU SXQJLELOH GLQ FDX]D VSDUJHULORU /D /($ GH N9 QXP UXO GH L]RODWRDUH GLQ ODQ XULOH GH vQWLQGHUH IRUPDWH GLQ HOHPHQWH WLS FDS - WLM VH LD PDL PDUH FX R XQLWDWH GHFkW OD ODQ XULOH GH VXV LQHUe. /D OLQLLOH VDX SRU LXQLOH GH OLQLL VLWXDWH OD DOWLWXGLQL SHVWH P YDORULOH WHQVLXQLORU GH LQHUH QRPLQDOH OD IUHFYHQ LQGXVWULDO WLPS GH XQ PLQXW L DOH WHQVLXQLORU GH LQHUH QRPLQDOH OD LPSXOV GH WU VQHW VDX FRPXWD LH GLQ WDEHOXO VH YRU P UL FX SHQWUX ILHFDUH P SHVWH P Q FD]XO L]RODWRDUHORU VXSRUW GDF SULQ DSOLFDUHD VSRUXOXL GH vQ O LPH VH GHS HWH QLYHOXO GH L]ROD LH DVLJXUDW GH L]RODWRDUH FRUHVSXQ] WRU WHQVLXQLL QRPLQDOH D OLQLHL VH YRU DSOLFD P VXULOH GH FUHWere D QLYHOXOXL GH L]ROD LH FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL H[FOX]kQGX-VH P VXUD SUHY ]XW OD QRWD GH OD DFHVW WDEHO GDF DFHVWHD VH GRYHGHVF LQVXILFLHQWH VH YRU DGRSWD DOWH VROX LL FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GH L]RODUH 3HQWUX VWkOSLL vQDO L XWLOL]D L vQ FD]XO PDULORU WUDYHUV UL QLYHOXO GH L]ROD LH VH YD P UL GH OD FD] OD FD] DVWIHO vQFkW V VH DVLJXUH XQ JUDG VSRULW GH VLJXUDQ vQ UDSRUW FX GHVF UF ULOH DWPRVIHULFH FX GLILFXOW LOH HIHFWX ULL OXFU ULORU GH vQWUH LQHUH L FX SDUWLFXODULW LOH PLFURFOLPatului din zona WUDYHUV ULL
33
4.1.
IZOLATIE
,]RODWRDUHOH VH YRU GLPHQVLRQD GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHFDQLF SHQWUX JUXS ULOH IXQGDPHQWDO L VSHFLDO GH vQF UF UL DVWIHO vQFkW vQ LSRWH]D GH vQF UFDUH PD[LP SUHY ]XW OD SXQFWXO J IRU HOH GH FDOFXO V ILH PDL mici sau cel mult egale cu sarcina de calcul a izolatorului. 6DUFLQLOH GH FDOFXO SHQWUX L]RODWRDUH VH VWDELOHVF vQ SURFHQWH GLQ VDUFLQD GH UXSHUH PHFDQLF PLQLP UHVSHFWLY FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL Tabelul 4.1. (extras din PE 109/92) Nivelurile nominale dH LQHUH DOH L]ROD LHL ID] -S PkQW SHQWUX echipamentele LEA. 7HQVLXQHD PD[LP a echipamentului, Um YDORDUH HIHFWLY kVef 24 123 245 420 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD vQFHUFDUH GH VFXUW GXUDW FX IUHFYHQ LQGXVWULDO +] YDORDUH HIHFWLY kVef 50 230 460 680 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD LPSXOV GH WU VQHW XQG s (valoare de vrf) kVmax 125 550 1050 1425 (1550) 1) 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD LPSXOV GH FRPXWD LH XQG s (valoare de vrf) kVmax 440 2) 750 2) 1050
Tensiunea QRPLQDO a LEA kV 20 110 220 400 1RW
1) Valorile nu corespund sau nu sunt corelate cu prevederile CEI 71- vQV H[LVW HFKLSDPHQWH vQ LQVWDOD LLOH GLQ 5RPkQLD FX DFHVWH WHQVLXQL GH LQHUH L WUHEXLH DYXWH vQ YHGHUH OD VWXGLLOH GH FRRUGRQDUH a L]ROD LHL vQ FDGUXO H[WLQGHULL VDX PRGHUQL] ULL VWD LHL 2) /D SURLHFWDUHD XQRU LQVWDOD LL GH L N9 OD FDUH VWXGLXO GH DOHJHUH L FRRUGRQDUH D L]ROD LHL LQGLF SRVLELOLWDWHD DSDUL LHL XQRU VXSUDWHQVLXQL GH FRPXWD LH FDUH SURGXF XQ ULVF GH GHIHFW OD FRPXWD LH vQ VWD LH PDL PDUH GH -4, se va solicita furnizorului de echipament efectuarea de probe GH WLS L SHQWUX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH LQHUH OD LPSXOV GH FRPXWD LH OD YDORULOH LQGLFDWH Tabelul 4.2. 3URFHQWH GLQ VDUFLQD PLQLP GH UXSHUH PHFDQLF pentru stabilirea sarcinilor de calcul pentru izolatoare. Tipul izolatoarelor ,]RODWRU VXSRUW GLQ SRU HODQ ,]RODWRU WLM FX LQLPD SOLQ GLQ SRU HODQ ,]RODWRU FDS -WLM GLQ SRU HODQ VDX VWLFO Izolator din materiale compozite 3URFHQWH GLQ VDUFLQD GH UXSHUH PLQLP 50 40 50 60
&OHPHOH L DUP WXULOH H[FOXVLY FOHPHOH GH vQWLQGHUH L vQQ GLUH VH GLPHQVLRQHD] GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHFDQLF SHQWUX JUXS ULOH IXQGDPHQWDO L VSHFLDO GH vQF UF UL DVWIHO vQFkW n ipotezD GH vQF UFDUH PD[LP FRQIRUP SXQFWXOXL J IRU HOH GH FDOFXO V ILH PDL PLFL VDX FHO PXOW egale cu sarcinile de calcul ale pieselor respective. 6DUFLQLOH GH FDOFXO DOH FOHPHORU L DUP WXULORU VH GHWHUPLQ SULQ DGRSWDUHD XQXL SURFHQW GH din sarciQD GH UXSHUH PHFDQLF PLQLP
34
4.2. CLEME SI ARMATURI
4.2.2. 9HULILFDUHD HOHPHQWHORU GH L]RODWRDUH L D FOHPHORU L DUP WXULORU FRPSRQHQWH DOH ODQ XULORU PXOWLSOH GH L]RODWRDUH OD JUXSDUHD VSHFLDO GH vQF UF UL UHJLP GH DYDULH FRQIRUP SXQFWHORU L VH IDFH GXS FXP XUPHD]
vQ FD]XO ODQ XULORU PXOWLSOH GH VXV LQHUH ILH SULQ UXSHUHD XQXL HOHPHQW GH L]RODWRU GLQWU-R UDPXU fie prin ruperea conductorului; vQ FD]XO ODQ XULORU PXOWLSOH GH vQWLQGHUH SULQ UXSHUHD XQXL HOHPHQW GH L]RODWRU GLQWU-R UDPXU
VerifiFDUHD vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH D ODQ XULORU PXOWLSOH OD UXSHUHD XQHL UDPXUL VH IDFH QXPDL vQ SRU LXQLOH VSHFLDOH GH WUDVHX OD FDUH VH LPSXQH VLJXUDQ P ULW 4.2.3. &OHPHOH GH vQWLQGHUH L vQQ GLUH PHFDQLF D FRQGXFWRDUHORU WUHEXLH V DLE R VDUFLQ GH DOXnecare HJDO FX PLQLPXP GLQ YDORDUHD VDUFLQLL GH UXSHUH PLQLPH D FRQGXFWRUXOXL 4.2.4. 3HQWUX DOWH SLHVH GLQ R HO VXSRUWXULOH L]RODWRDUHORU ULJLGH WLMHOH SUHOXQJLWRDUH SLHVHOH VSHFLDOH DWXQFL FkQG QX VH FXQRDWH UH]LVWHQ D PLQLP GH UXSHUH VH DGRSW UH]LVWHQ D GH FDOFXO GLQ SUHVFULS LD PE 105 Metodologie pentru dimensionarea stlpilor metalici ai LEA.
35
0RQWDUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH VWkOSL VH YD UHDOL]D DVWIHO vQFkW V VH UHVSHFWH GLVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH S U LOH DIODWH VXE WHQVLXQH vQWUH DFHVWHD L S U LOH OHJDWH OD S PkQW SUHFXP L YDORULOH XQJKLXOXL GH SURWHF LH FRQIRUP SXQFWXOXL 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFWLYH L vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFWLYH L FHOH GH SURWHF LH vQ SR]L LL QHGHYLDWH GXS FRQGL LD DSURSLHULL vQ GHVFKLGHUH UH]XOW GLQ UHOD LD GH PDL MRV U d = k fc + l + n iz 150 [m], (5.1)
5. MONTAREA CONDUCTOARELOR PE STLPI, DISTANTE, GABARITE
unde: fc HVWH V JHDWD PD[LP vQ GHVFKLGHUH D FRQGXFWRDUHORU GHWHUPLQDW vQ LSRWH]HOH GH la punctele 2.4.1.e sau 2.4.1.f, n m *); liz - OXQJLPHD ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH vQ P SHQWUX ODQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH GH vQWLQGHUH GH VXV LQHUH PRQWDWH vQ 9 L SHQWUX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW liz = 0); Un - WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL vQ N9 **); k - coeficientXO FDUH GHSLQGH GH WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL GH PDWHULDOXO L VHF LXQHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU L GH SR]L LD ORU SH VWkOS *). /D DH]DUHD SH RUL]RQWDO VDX SH YHUWLFDO D FRQGXFWRDUHORU FRHILFLHQWXO k ia valorile lui kv, respectiv kh, din tabelul 5.1., n care: kv HVWH FRHILFLHQWXO OD DH]DUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH YHUWLFDO DSUR[LPDWLY vQ DFHODL SODQ YHUWLFDO kh - FRHILFLHQWXO GH DH]DUH D FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH RUL]RQWDO vQ DFHODL SODQ RUL]RQWDO 7DEHOXO 9DORULOH FRHILFLHQ LORU kv, kh. Materialul conductoarelor Tensiunea liniei, Un 2 HO 110 kV < 110 kV 2 HO L R HO $OXPLQLX L DOXPLQLX L aluminat aliaje de conductoare Coeficientul Coeficientul (alumoweld) aluminiu izolate 6HF LXQHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU PP2) kv kh kv kh 0,85 0,65 0,95 0,70 10 16 16 150 16 70 0,75 0,62 0,85 0,65 25 35 95 150 > 150 0,70 0,60 0,75 0,62 70 95 185 300 0,70 0,60 0,70 0,60 > 95 > 300
(*) - SHQWUX FRQGXFWRDUH GLQ PDWHULDOH VDX VHF LXQL GLIHULWH VH YD OXD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH FRQGXFWRUXO SHQWUX FDUH V JHata este cea mai mare, respectiv coeficientul k este cel mai mare; (**) - SHQWUX FLUFXLWH FX WHQVLXQL QRPLQDOH GLIHULWH PRQWDWH SH DFHLDL VWkOSL VH YD OXD n considerare valoarea cea mai mare a tensiunii.
36
3HQWUX DH] UL RDUHFDUH DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU Foeficientul, k VH GHWHUPLQ FX UHOD LD

b2 , k =k + k k h v h a 2 + b2
(5.2)
n care kv L kh VXQW FRHILFLHQ LL FXSULQL vQ WDEHOXO LDU a L b DX VHPQLILFD LD GLQ ILJXUD
Figura 5.1. 'HWHUPLQDUHD GLVWDQ HORU PLQLPH vQWUH ID]H OD OLQLLOH GH PHdie tensiune cu conductoare izolate VH IDFH FX DSOLFDUHD XQXL IDFWRU GH FRUHF LH HJDO FX IRUPXOHL DQWHULRDUH DFFHSWkQGX-se atingerile conductoarelor datorate fenomenelor de galopare, pendulare, salt etc.
d= U 1 (k f c + l iz + n ) 3 150
[m].
(5.3)
5.3. 3HQWUX FRQGXFWRDUHOH GH VHF LXQL GLIHULWH GLQ PDWHULDOH GLIHULWH VDX FX V JH L GLIHULWH VH YD YHULILFD GLVWDQ D G vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUH vQ LSRWH]D F XQXO GLQWUH FRQGXFWRDUH HVWH VXSXV SUHVLXQLL PD[LPH D YkQWXOXL LSRWH]D FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWXOXL G LDU FHO ODOW SUHVLXQLL XQXL YkQW FX R YLWH] PDL PLF FX GHFkW SULPXO 'LVWDQ D vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUH vQ DFHDVW LSRWH] WUHEXLH V ILH PDL PDUH GHFkW Un / 150, vQV QX PDL PLF GH P Q FD]XUL VSHFLDOH GLVWDQ HOH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFWLYH L vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFWLYH L FHOH GH SURWHF LH VH YRU GHWHUPLQD GXS FRQGL LLOH ORFDOH L GXS H[SHULHQ D GREkQGLW OD OXFU UL DQDORDJH HOH QX YRU IL vQV PDL PLFL GHFkW FHOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ FRQGL LLOH SUHFL]DWH OD SXQFWHOH L tot n ca]XUL VSHFLDOH VH LQFOXG L JDORSDUHD VDOWXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU OD GHVF UFDUHD GH FKLFLXU SHQGXODUH DVLQFURQ L vQF UF ULOH QHXQLIRUPH FX FKLFLXU DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU 'LVWDQ HOH GH VHSDUDUH PLQLPH DGPLVH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUH vQ FD]XO JDORS ULL VDOWXOXL FRQGXctoarelor VDX DO SHQGXO ULL DVLQFURQH VH YRU FRQVLGHUD 0,20 m pentru LEA 20 kV; 0,45 m pentru LEA 110 kV; 0,95 m pentru LEA 220 kV; 1,65 m pentru LEA 400 kV, YDORUL FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH WHQVLXQLL GH IXQF LRQDUH D /($
37
'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH SH VWkOSL vQWUH S U LOH DIODWH VXE WHQVLXQH L S U LOH OHJDWH OD S PkQW sunt precizate n tabelul 5.2. Tabelul 5.2. 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH S U LOH DIODWH VXE WHQVLXQH L S U LOH OHJDWH OD S PkQW SH VWkOSL 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL Un Modul de solicitare &RQGL LD 1 kV< UnU 20 kV 110 kV 220 kV 400 kV LEA la tensiuni climato meteoroORJLF 'LVWDQ D PLQLP FP Temperatura medie, Supratensiuni de 25 90 180 290 *) viteza vntului 0 10 m/s WU VQHW Tensiunea PD[LP Temperatura medie, 10 40 60 100 GH IXQF LRQDUH vnt maxim QRUPDO *) Din intervalul (0 10) m/s se va alege acea valoare a vitezei vntului care conduce la cea mai GHIDYRUDELO VLWXD LH FUHDW SULQ GHYLHUHD S U LORU DIODWH VXE WHQVLXQH vQ UDSRUW FX FHOH OHJDWH OD S PkQW 1RW 7RDWH YDORULOH GLQ WDEHO VH UHIHU OD /($ VLWXDWH SkQ OD DOWLWXGLQHD GH P 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH ID]HOH /($ vQ ORFXULOH XQGH HOH VH vQFUXFLHD] SH VWkOSL VXQW FHOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOXO 7DEHOXO 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH ID]H OD vQFUXFL UL SH VWkOSL 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL Un &RQGL LD Modul de solicitare 20 kV 110 kV 220 kV 400 kV climato meteoroORJLF LEA la tensiuni 'LVWDQ D PLQLP FP Temperatura medie, Supratensiuni de 40 135 250 350 WU VQHW viteza vntului 0 10 m/s *) 7HQVLXQHD PD[LP Temperatura medie, GH IXQF LRQDUH 20 60 110 180 vnt maxim QRUPDO *) Din intervalul (0 10) m/s se va alege acea valoare a vitezei vntului care conduce la cea mai GHIDYRUDELO VLWXD LH FUHDW SULQ GHYLHUHD S U LORU DIODWH VXE WHQVLXQH vQ UDSRUW FX FHOH OHJDWH OD S PkQW 1RW 7RDWH YDORULOH GLQ WDEHO VH UHIHU OD /($ VLWXDWH SkQ OD DOWLWXGLQHD GH P 8QJKLXULOH GH vQFOLQDUH DOH ODQ XULORU GH L]RODWRDUH GH VXV LQHUH VH YRU FDOFXOD FX UHOD La: a g (5.4) = arctg k v vc , iz a g g c unde k = 0,5 pentru LEA cu Un U N9 L SHQWUX /($ FX Un = (220 400) kV. 8QJKLXULOH GH vQFOLQDUH D FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD a g v vc , (5.5) c = arctg a g g c unde av L ag DX VHPQLILFD LD GH OD SXQFWHOH L gvc VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD GH OD SXQFWXO vQ FRQGL LD GH OD SXQFWXO G LDU gc HVWH PDVD XQLWDU D FRQGXFWRUXOXL vQ GD1P
38
'LVWDQ HOH PHQ LRQDWH vQ WDEHOHOH L VH UHIHU OD OLQLLOH FRQVWUXLWH SkQ la 1000 m altitudine. 3HQWUX OLQLLOH FRQVWUXLWH OD DOWLWXGLQL SHVWH P GLVWDQ HOH SUHY ]XWH vQ DFHVWH WDEHOH VH P UHVF cu 2% pentru fiecare 100 m peste 1000 m. Q VFRSXO DVLJXU ULL VLPHWULHL VLVWHPXOXL WULID]DW VH YRU H[HFXWD WUDQVSXQHUL DOH Iazelor LEA cu Un N9 L PDL PDUH FRQIRUP LQGLFD LLORU GLQ WDEHOXO 7DEHOXO /XQJLPLOH /($ SHQWUX FDUH VH H[HFXW WUDQVSXQHUL GH ID] 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D /($ Un (kV) 110 220 400 *) $FHDVW GLVWDQ n sistem. Felul transpunerii Un ciclu complet 'RX FLFOXUL FRPSOHWH Lungime LEA (km) 100 150 250 200 250 *)
SRDWH IL P ULW SkQ OD NP vQ IXQF LH GH PRGXO GH vQFDGUDUH D OLQLHL
'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH DGPLVLELOH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH /($ L VXSUDID D WHUHQXOXL vQ UHJLP QRUPDl de IXQF LRQDUH D OLQLHL FRQGXFWRUXO DIOkQGX-VH vQ LSRWH]D FDUH FRQGXFH OD V JHDWD PD[LP VXQW FHOH SUHFL]DWH n tabelul 12.11. 3HQWUX SURWHF LD /($ OD VXSUDWHQVLXQL DWPRVIHULFH L SHQWUX FRPSRUWDUHD EXQ OD IHQRPHQXO GH JDORSDUH V JHDWD FRQGXFWRUXOXL GH SURWHF LH QX WUHEXLH V GHS HDVF V JHDWD FRQGXFWRUXOXL DFWLY OD VW ULOH GH V JHDW PD[LP L OD WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLH
39
6. TIPURILE DE STLPI, IPOTEZELE DE CALCUL

6.1.1. /D OLQLLOH DHULHQH GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF VH GLVWLQJ GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH IXQF LRQDO XUP WRDUHOH WLSXUL de stlpi: a) 6WkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH XWLOL]D L vQ PRG FXUHQW SH OLQLL SHQWUX VXV LQHUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU HFKLSD L FX L]RODWRDUH GH VXV LQHUH VXQW GH WLS QRUPDO VDX GH WLS vQW ULW La stlpii de tip normal se uWLOL]HD] FOHPH FX HOLEHUDUHD FRQGXFWRUXOXL UHVSHFWLY FOHPH VDX OHJ WXUL FX WUDF LXQH OLPLWDW /D VWkOSLL GH WLS vQW ULW VH XWLOL]HD] FOHPH VDX OHJ WXUL FX UH LQHUHD FRQGXFWRUXOXL b) Stlpii de ntindere XWLOL]D L SHQWUX IL[DUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SULQ vQWLndere, ca punct de sprijin, vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL vQ ORFXUL DOHVH GLQ FRQGL LLOH GH IXQF LRQDUH VDX PRQWDM c) Stlpii terminali XWLOL]D L SHQWUX IL[DUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SULQ vQWLQGHUH OD FDSHWHOH OLQLHL 6WkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH GH vQWLQGHUH L WHUPLQDOL SRW IL PRQWD L vQ DOLQLDPHQW VDX FRO 6WkOSLL GH OD SXQFWHOH D E L F SRW IL XWLOL]D L SHQWUX PRQWDUHD XQXL VLQJXU FLUFXLW VDX D PDL multor circuite. Q FD]XO HFKLS ULL VWkOSLORU FX PDL PXOWH FLUFXLWH DFHVWHD SRW V ILH GH DFHHDL WHQVLXQH QRPLQDO sau de tensiuni nominale diferite. Q FD]XO OLQLLORU FX WHQVLXQL QRPLQDOH GLIHULWH SH DFHODL VWkOS HVWH QHFHVDU YHULILFDUHD FRPSDWLELOLW LL GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH HOHFWULF L PHFDQLF d) 6WkOSLL GH LQWHUYHQ LH XWLOL]D L SHQWUX UHPHGLHUHD WHPSRUDU D XQRU SRU LXni de linii avariate, SULQ RFROLUHD DFHVWRUD vQ VFRSXO UHGXFHULL GXUDWHORU GH vQWUHUXSHUH L SHQWUX FUHDUHD SRVLELOLW LL GH UHPHGLHUH GHILQLWLY D OLQLHL 6WkOSLL GH LQWHUYHQ LH SRW IL GH VXV LQHUH HFKLSD L FX FRQVROH L]RODQWH GH vQWLQGHUH L WHUPLQDli, HFKLSD L FX ODQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH GH vQWLQGHUH
6.1.
TIPURILE DE STLPI
6WkOSLL VH GLPHQVLRQHD] SULQ FDOFXO SH ED]D vQF UF ULORU GH FDOFXO GHWHUPLQDWH FRQIRUP VXEFDSLWROXOXL vQ UHJLP QRUPDO GH IXQF LRQDUH vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH L vQ FRQGL LLOH GH montaj, LQkQGX-VH VHDPD GH WLSXO IXQF LRQDO L FRQVWUXFWLY L GLIHULWH LSRWH]H GH vQF UFDUH /D GLPHQVLRQDUHD VWkOSLORU VH DGPLWH R GHS LUH D UH]LVWHQ HORU GH FDOFXO FX PD[LPXP 6WkOSLL GH LQWHUYHQ LH LQFOXVLY FRQVROHOH L]RODQWH L DQFRUHOH VH GLPHQVLRQHD] SULQ FDOFXO SH ED]D vQF UF ULORU GH FDOFXO GHWHUPLQDWH SUREDELOLVWLF FX R DVLJXUDUH GH PLQLP DQL vQ UHJLP QRUPDO GH IXQF LRQDUH 6WkOSLL GH LQWHUYHQ LH QX VH GLPHQVLRQHD] vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH
6.2.
IPOTEZELE DE CALCUL
6.2.1. Regimul normal de functionare
Pentru GLPHQVLRQDUHD VWkOSLORU vQ UHJLP QRUPDO GH IXQF LRQDUH VH FRQVLGHU XUP WRDUHOH vQF UF UL grupate pe ipoteze de calcul: N.1. Vnt maxim perpendicular pe linie
N.1.a. QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ SUHVLXQHD YkQWXOXL I U FKLFLXU FRQGL LLOH G DF LRQnd orizontal, vQ GLUHF LH SHUSHQGLFXODU SH D[XO OLQLHL VDX vQ GLUHF LD ELVHFWRDUHL XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL DVXSUD VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW
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N.1.b. QF UF ULOH YHUWLFDOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ PDVD I U FKLFLXU D VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L FRQGXFWRDUHORU FRQGL LD E DF LRQkQG YHUWLFDO SH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH N.1.c. 5H]XOWDQWHOH vQF UF ULORU SURYHQLWH GLQ WUDF LXQLOH RUL]RQWDOH vQ FRQGXFWRDUH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FRQGL LHL G DF LRQkQG vQ GLUHF LD ELVHFWRDUHL XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL N.2. N.2. N.3. 9kQW SHUSHQGLFXODU SH OLQLH VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU ,GHP 1 FX FKLFLXU FRQGL LD J SHQWUX SXQFWHOH D L F UHVSHFWLY I SHQWUX SXQFWXO E Vnt maxim n lungul liniei
N.3.a. QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ SUHVLXQHD YkQWXOXL I U FKLFLXU FRQGL LD G DF LRQkQG vQ GLUHF LD D[XOXL OLQLHL VDX SHUSHQGLFXODU SH ELVHFWRDUHD XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL DVXSUD VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L FRQGXFWRDUHORU VDX GDF VWkOSXO HVWH PRQWDW vQ FRO DVXSUD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL din vnt. N.3.b. Idem, N.1.b. N.3.c. Idem, N.1.c. N.4. N.4. N.5. 9kQW vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUH GH FKLFLXU ,GHP 1 FX FKLFLXU FRQGL LD J SHQWUX SXQFWHOH D L F UHVSHFWLY .1.f pentru punctul b). Vnt maxim, la 450 pe linie OD 0 ID GH DOLQLDPHQWXO OLQLHL VDX
N.5. ,GHP 1 YkQWXO DF LRQkQG GXS R GLUHF LH VLWXDW bisectoarei unghiului liniei. N.6. N.6. N.7. Vnt la 450 SH OLQLH VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU
IGHP 1 FX FKLFLXU FRQGL LD J SHQWUX SXQFWHOH D L F UHVSHFWLY I SHQWUX SXQFWXO E &RQGL LD GH GLPHQVLRQDUH vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL
N.7. QF UF UL DF LRQkQG RUL]RQWDO vQ GLUHF LD D[XOXL OLQLHL VDX SHUSHQGLFXODU SH ELVHFWRDUHD XQJKLXOXL lLQLHL HJDOH VDX FHO SX LQ 50% pentru linii cu simplu circuit; SHQWUX OLQLL FX GRX VDX PDL PXOWH FLUFXLWH GLQ vQF UF ULOH DF LRQkQG SHUSHQGLFXODU SH D[XO OLQLHL VDX SH GLUHF LD ELVHFWRDUHL XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL UH]XOWDWH GLQ LSRWH]D FHD PDL GHIDYRUDELO vQWUH 1 L 1 N.8. 'LIHUHQ D GH WUDF LXQH vQ FRQGL LL GH GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU N.8.a. QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ FRQVLGHUDUHD XQHL GLIHUHQ H GH vQWUH WUDF LXQHD RUL]RQWDO DOH WXWXURU FRQGXFWRDUHORU GLQ SDQRXULOH DGLDFHQWH vQ FRQGL LLOH I DF LRQkQG vQ GLUHF LD D[XOXL OLQLHL
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N.8.b. ,GHP 1E vQ FRQGL LD I N.8.c. ,GHP 1F vQ FRQGL LD I N.9. Vnt maxim perpendicular pe linie n montaj terminal
N.9.a. Idem, N.1.a. N.9.b. Idem, N.1.b. N.9.c. QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ WUDF LXQLOH RUL]RQWDOH XQLODWHUDOH DOH WXWXURU FRQGXFWRDUHORU UHDOL]DWH vQ FRQGL LD G DF LRQkQG vQ GLUHF LD D[XOXL OLQLHL N.10. 9kQW SHUSHQGLFXODU SH OLQLH VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUH GH FKLFLXU vQ PRQWDM WHUPLQDO N.10. ,GHP 1 FX FKLFLXU FRQGL LD J SHQWUX SXQFWHOH D L F UHVSHFWLY I SHQWUX SXQFWXO E N.11. Vnt maxim n lungul liniei n montaj terminal N.11.a. Idem, N.3.a. N.11.b. Idem, N.1.b. 1F ,GHP 1F vQF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ FRQGL LLOH D L F DF LRQkQG vQ DFHODL VHQV N.12. 9kQW vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUH GH FKLFLXU vQ PRQWDM WHUPLQDO 1 ,GHP 1 FX FKLFLXU FRQGL LD J SHQWUX SXQFWHOH D L F UHVSHFWLY I SHQWUX SXQFWXO E
6.2.2. Regimul de avarie
Pentru dimensionarea sWkOSLORU vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH VH FRQVLGHU XUP WRDUHOH vQF UF UL JUXSDWH SH ipoteze de calcul:
A.1. 5XSHUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU vQ FRQGL LLOH XQXL YkQW SHUSHQGLFXODU SH OLQLH VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHUL GH FKLFLXU A.1.a. 3URLHF LLOH vQF UF ULORU RUL]RQWDOH F, (punFWXO DF LRQkQG vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL VDX perpendicular pe bisectoarea unghiului liniei, rezultate din considerarea unor conductoare rupte astfel: a.1. 3HQWUX VWkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH R vQF UFDUH F, la fiecare circuit impar, respectiv la fiecare pereche de FLUFXLWH VDX R vQF UFDUH F FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH XQXL VLQJXU FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHF LH
42
a.2. 3HQWUX VWkOSLL GH vQWLQGHUH R vQF UFDUH F SHQWUX ILHFDUH FLUFXLW OD SULPHOH GRX FLUFXLWH L cte 0,5 . F OD ILHFDUH FLUFXLW vQ SOXV ID GH GXEOX FLUFXLW VDX R vQF UFDUH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH XQXL VLQJXU FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHF LH VXQW H[FHSWD L VWkOSLL GH vQWLQGHUH GLQ PHWDO SHQWUX /($ GH PHGLH WHQVLXQH OD FDUH VH FRQVLGHU UXSW XQ VLQJXU FRQGXFWRU LQGLIHUHQW GH QXP UXO GH FLUFXLWH QF UF ULOH F VH DSOLF DVWIHO vQFkW V VH UHDOL]H]H FHO PDL PDUH PRPHQW GH vQFRYRLHUH VDX GH WRUVLXQH FX PHQ LXQHD F VH FRQVLGHU UXSWH FRQGXFWRDUHOH GLQ DFHHDL GHVFKLGHUH A.1.b. QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ SUHVLXQHD YkQWXOXL FRQGL LD J DF LRQkQG RUL]RQWDO vQ GLUHF LH SHUSHQGLFXODU SH D[XO OLQLHL VDX vQ GLUHF LD ELVHFWRDUHL XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL DVXSUD VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW A.1.c. QF UF ULOH YHULFDOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ PDVD FX FKLFLXU D VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L FRnductoarelor SHQWUX GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH FRQGL LD I A.1.d. 3URLHF LLOH SH ELVHFWRDUHD XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL D vQF UF ULORU FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FRQGXFWRDUHORU UXSWH SOXV vQF UF ULOH GLQ WUDF LXQLOH RUL]RQWDOH vQ FRQGXFWRDUH VDX ID]HOH FX FRQGXFWRDUH U PDVH QHUXSWH DF LRQkQG vQ GLUHF LD ELVHFWRDUHL XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL WRDWH OXDWH vQ LSRWH]D GLQ FRQGL LD J A.2. 5XSHUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU vQ FRQGL LLOH GH YkQW vQ OXQJXO OLQLHL VLPXOWDQ FX GHSXQHULOH GH FKLFLXU A.2.a. Idem, A.1.a. A.2.b. ,GHP $E QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ SUHVLXQHD YkQWXOXL FRQGL LD J DF LRQkQG RUL]RQWDO vQ GLUHF LD D[XOXL OLQLHL VDX SHUSHQGLFXODU SH ELVHFWRDUHD XQJKLXOXL OLQLHL DVXSUD VWkOSXOXL L]RODWRDUHORU L GDF VWkOSXO HVWH PRQWDW vQ FRO DVXSUD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW A.2.c. Idem, A.1.c. A.2.d. Idem, A.1.d.
6.2.3. Conditii de montaj
/D FDOFXOXO VWkOSLORU WUHEXLH V VH LQ VHDPD L GH XUP WRDUHOH FRQGL LL GH PRQWDM
a) 3HQWUX VWkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH OD ULGLFDUHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU SH VWkOSL JUHXWDWHD FRQGXFWRDUHORU VH FRQVLGHU GXEO b) Pentru stlpii de ntindere: ,QGLIHUHQW GH QXP UXO GH FLUFXLWH SH VWkOS vQWU-XQ SDQRX VH FRQVLGHU PRQWDW QXPDL XQ FLUFXLW LDU FRQGXFWRDUHOH GH SURWHF LH QX VXQW PRQWDWH ,QGLIHUHQW GH QXP UXO FRQGXFWRDUHORU GH SURWHF LH vQWU-XQ SDQRX VH FRQVLGHU PRQWDWH FHO PXOW GRX FRQGXFWRDUH GH SURWHF LH LDU FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFWLYH QX VXQW PRQWDWH c) 3HQWUX WR L VWkOSLL VH YRU FRQVLGHUD XUP WRDUHOH vQF UF UL QRUPDWH VXSOLPHQWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ JUHXWDWHD mRQWRUXOXL L D GLVSR]LWLYXOXL GH PRQWDM 100 daN; la LEA cu Un < 110 kV 200 daN; la LEA cu Un N9 L N9 la LEA cu Un = 400 kV 250 daN.
43
2EVHUYD LL (OHPHQWHOH RUL]RQWDOH L REOLFH DOH VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL FX ] EUHOH FX R vQFOLQDUH ID GH RUL]RQWDO 0 sub 30 VLWXDWH SH IH HOH VWkOSLORU WUHEXLH YHULILFDWH SHQWUX R IRU GH GD1 UH]XOWDW GLQ JUHXWDWHD montorului. ,SRWH]HOH GH OD SXQFWXO VH LDX vQ FRQVLGHUDUH OD SURLHFWDUHD VWkOSLORU L WUHEXLH DYXWH n vedere la montajul conductoarelor. n cazuri speciale, la montaj, se admite ancorarea n conformitate FX ILHOH GH WHKQRORJLH GH PRQWDM 9HULILFDUHD VWkOSLORU vQ FRQGL LL GH PRQWDM VH IDFH vQ LSRWH]D GH OD SXQFWXO E QF UF ULOH UH]XOWDWH GLQ RSHUD LLOH GH PRQWDM VH GHWHUPLQ vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX WHKQRORJLLOH GH PRQWDM DGRSWDWH
6.2.4. Gruparea ipotezelor de calcul

6.2.4.1. Ipotezele de calcul prezentate mai sus se vor aplica diferitelor tipuri de stlpi, conform tabelului LQkQGX-VH VHDPD GH XUP WRDUHOH SUHFL] UL a) /D ILHFDUH WLS IXQF LRQDO GH VWkOS VH YRU DSOLFD SH UkQG WRDWH LSRWH]HOH vQ PRG LQGHSHQGHQW b) QF UF ULOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH SXQFWHORU D E F L G DOH ILHF UHL LSRWH]H VH DSOLF VLPXOWDQ c) QF UF ULOH GH OD SXQFWHOH F L G L UHIHULULOH OD ELVHFWRDUHOH XQJKLXULORU OLQLLORU VH DSOLF QXPDL OD VWkOSLL GH FRO 7DEHOXO ,SRWH]HOH GH FDOFXO DOH GLIHULWHORU WLSXUL IXQF LRQDOH GH VWkOSL *UXSDUHD GH vQF UF UL )XQGDPHQWDO 6SHFLDO 7LSXO IXQF LRQDO DO VWkOSXOXL (Regim normal) (Regim de avarie) Ipoteza de calcul N.1., N.2., N.3., N.4., Echipat cu izolatoare suport 2) N.5. 1), N.6. 1), N.7. 6XV LQHUH Echipat cu izolatoare de suspensie N.1., N.2., N.3., N.4., A.1., A.2. ODQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH N.5. 1), N.6. 1). N.1., N.2., N.3., ntindere A.1., A.2. N.4., N.8. N.9., N.10., Terminal 3) A.1., A.2. N.11., N.12. 'H LQWHUYHQ LH RULFH WLS IXQF LRQDO N.1., N.2. -
Nr. crt.
1. 2. 3. 4. 1RW
1) ,SRWH]HOH 1 L 1 VH DSOLF VWkOSLORU SHQWUX /($ N9 L VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL XWLOL]D L la marile WUDYHUV UL LQGLIHUHQW GH WHQVLXQHD /($ 2) 6WkOSLL GH VXV LQHUH HFKLSD L FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW QX VH YHULILF vQ UHJLP GH DYDULH /D DFHWL VWkOSL vQF UFDUHD FDUH VH WUDQVPLWH VWkOSXOXL OD UXSHUHD FRQGXFWRUXOXL QX WUHEXLH V GHS HDVF GLQ vQF UFDUHD OD YkUI HFKLYDODW PRPHQWXOXL GH UXSHUH DO VWkOSXOXL UH]XOWDW GLQ GLPHQVLRQDUH FRQIRUP ipotezei N.7. 3) /D VWkOSLL WHUPLQDOL FX PDL PXOWH FLUFXLWH YHULILF ULOH VH YRU IDFH L vQ FRQGL LLOH PRQW ULL QXPDL D FLUFXLWHORU GH SH R VLQJXU SDUWH D VWkOSXOXL 6. QF UF ULOH F FDUH VH DSOLF SRWULYLW LSRWH]HORU $ VH GHWHUPLQ FRQIRUP SXQFWXOXL L tabelului 2.6.
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0DWHULDOHOH FDUH LQWU vQ FRPSRQHQ D VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL QRL FX ] EUHOH VDX WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO YRU IL SURWHMDWH DQWLFRURVLY SULQ ]LQFDUH Q DQXPLWH VLWXD LL VWkOSL VXGD L FX JDEDULWH PDUL VH SRDWH DGPLWH IRORVLUHD XQHL SURWHF LL DQWLFRURVLYH SULQ YRSVLUH 3HQWUX SURLHFWDUHD VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL FX ] EUHOH VDX WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO VH YRU OXD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH vQF UF ULOH GH FDOFXO GHWHUPLQDWH FRQIRUP FDSLWROXOXL L LSRWH]HORU GH vQF UFDUH SUHFL]DWH OD FDSLWROXO FX OXDUHD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH D XQRU GHVFKLGHUL OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW av L OD vQF UF UL verticale, ag FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GRPHQLXOXL GH XWLOL]DUH D VWkOSLORU UHVSHFWLYL &DOFXOXO GLPHQVLRQDUHD DOF WXLUHD FRQVWUXFWLY L DOHJHUHD PDWHULDOXOXL L YDORULOH UH]LVWHQ HORU GH FDOFXO SHQWUX VWkOSLL FX ] EUHOH YRU IL vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SUHYHGHULOH Metodologiei pentru dimensionarea stlpilor metalici ai liniilor electrice aeriene PE 105. 3UREOHPHOH VSHFLDOH OHJDWH GH PRQWDM L H[SORDWDUH EDOL]DUH DQWLIXUW SURWHF LL VSHFLDOH WUHSWH GH VFDU SODWIRUPH GH PRQWDM HWF YRU IL vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SUHYHGHULOH L QRUPDWLYHOH VSHFLILFH vQ YLJRDUH LQFOXVLY FHOH SULYLQG SURWHF LD PXQFLL &DOFXOXO VWkOSLORU SRUWDO DQFRUD L L WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO VH YD IDFH FX OXDUHD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH D HIHFWHORU GH RUGLQXO L VH YD IDFH cu ajutorul calculatoarelor sau manual. &DOFXOXO PDQXDO HVWH SHUPLV SHQWUX VWkOSLL OD FDUH GLVWDQ D vQWUH IXQGD LH L FRQVROD LQIHULRDU HVWH PDL PLF VDX HJDO FX P $OHJHUHD PDWHULDOXOXL L YDORULOH UH]LVWHQ HORU GH FDOFXO SHQWUX VWkOSLL WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO YRU IL vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SUHYHGHULOH Metodologiei pentru dimensionarea stlpilor metalici ai liniilor electrice aeriene PE 105. *URVLPHD PLQLP DGPLV SHQWUX PDWHULDOH VWkOSLORU HVWH de 3,5 mm. 'HSODV ULOH OD YkUI OLPLW DGPLVH DOH VWkOSLORU WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO SULQ DSOLFDUHD vQF UF ULORU QRUPDWH VXQW GLQ OXQJLPHD VWkOSXOXL vQ FD]XO VWkOSLORU GH VXV LQHUH L VXV LQHUH vQ FRO 2,5% din lungimea stlpului, n cazul stlpLORU GH vQWLQGHUH DQFRUD L L WHUPLQDOL /D VWkOSLL PHWDOLFL FX ] EUHOH GHSODV ULOH OD YkUI QX VH QRUPHD] 6HF LXQLOH RUL]RQWDOH DOH VWkOSLORU WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO DIHFWDWH GH FRQVROH coronament sau ancore, vor fi verLILFDWH VWDWLF L vQW ULWH FRUHVSXQ] WRU -RQF LXQLOH SULQ SHWUHFHUH YRU WUHEXL V DLE OXQJLPHD SHWUHFHULORU GH FHO SX LQ [ GLDPHWUXO PHGLDQ FHO PDL GH MRV GLQWUH FHOH GRX SHWUHFHUL )HUHVWUHOH VWkOSLORU WXEXODUL FX VHF LXQH FLUFXODU VDX SROLJRQDO SUDFWLFDWH vQ VFRS WHKQRORJLF VH YRU SURWHMD FRUHVSXQ] WRU vPSRWULYD S WUXQGHULL DSHL &DVHWHOH VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL FX ] EUHOH VH YRU SURWHMD vPSRWULYD GHSXQHULORU GH LPSXULW L VRO L PHQ LQHULL DSHORU LQILOWUDWH
7. STLPII METALICI
45
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8. STLPII DE BETON
46
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47
9. STLPII DE LEMN
9.1. La liniile electrice aeriene de medie tensiune se pot utiliza stlpi de lemn din: FRQLIHUH PROLG EUDG SLQ L ODULFH VDX foioase tari (stejar, gorun, JDUQL L VDOFkP 9.2. Lemnul utilizat la executarea stlpilor pentru liniile electrice aeriene de medie tensiune, VH YD LPSUHJQD vQ LQVWDOD LL LQGXVWULDOH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH 6WkOSLL GH OHPQ VH FDOFXOHD] SH ED]D PHWRGHL UH]LVWHQ HORU DGPLVLELOH Oundu-se n considerare vQF UF ULOH QRUPDWH GHWHUPLQDWH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX VXEFDSLWROXO L D LSRWH]HORU GH vQF UFDUH SUHFL]DWH n capitolul 6: LSRWH]HOH QRUPDOH 1 L 1 L LSRWH]D GH DYDULH $ QXPDL SHQWUX VWkOSLL GH vQWLQGHUH L WHUPLQDOL. &DOFXOXO GLPHQVLRQDUHD FRQVWUXFWLY L DOHJHUHD PDWHULDOXOXL L YDORULOH UH]LVWHQ HORU DGPLVLELOH se vor face n conformitate cu prevederile ndrumarului pentru calculul stlpilor de lemn ai liniilor aeriene de medie tensiune - 1.LI-Ip.4/16.2000.
10. FUNDATIILE
10.1. PURLHFWDUHD IXQGD LLORU VWkOSLORU PHWDOLFL VH YD IDFH SH ED]D vQF UF ULORU GH FDOFXO GHWHUPLQDWH FRQIRUP FDSLWROXOXL L LSRWH]HORU GH vQF UFDUH SUHFL]DWH vQ FDSLWROXO FX OXDUHD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH D XQRU GHVFKLGHUL OD vQF UF UL de vnt, av L OD vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH ag FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GRPHQLXOXL GH XWLOL]DUH DO IXQGD LLORU UHVSHFWLYH FRPELQD LLOH GLQWUH av L ag din domeniul considerat, care dau eforturile maxime de compresiune, respectiv de smulgere). 10.2. Calculul, dimensLRQDUHD L DOF WXLUHD FRQVWUXFWLY VH YRU IDFH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX Metodologia de FDOFXO D IXQGD LLORU OLQLLORU HOHFWULFH DHULHQH SHVWH 9 3( L FX SUHYHGHULOH QRUPDWLYHORU L standardelor n vigoare. $UP WXULOH GLQ IXQGD LLOH GH EHWRQ DUmat ale stlpilor LEA vor fi conectate electric (sudate) XQHOH GH DOWHOH SHQWUX XWLOL]DUHD IXQGD LLORU L FD SUL]H QDWXUDOH DOH VWkOSLORU 6WkOSLL GH OHPQ VH SODQWHD] vQ S PkQW SULQ IXQGD LL EXUDWH &DOFXOXO GLPHQVLRQDUHD L DOF WXLUHD FRQVWUXFWLY D IXQGD LLORU EXUDWH SHQWUX VWkOSLL GH OHPQ se vor face n conformitate cu prevederile ndrumarului pentru calculul stlpilor de lemn ai liniilor aeriene de medie tensiune - 1.LI-Ip.4/16.2000.
48
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/DQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH
51
7DEHOXO 0 VXULOH SHQWUX UHDOL]DUHD FUHWHULL QLYHOXOXL GH L]ROD LH DO /($ Tensiunea QRPLQDO (kV) 6 10 20 Izolatoare suport 1LYHOXO GH L]ROD LH Normal 0 ULW 6 kV 10 kV 10 kV 15...20 kV 20 kV 30...35 kV 1) Tipul izolatoarelor ,]RODWRDUH WLS FDS -WLM 1LYHOXO GH L]ROD LH Normal 0 ULW 1XP UXO GH L]RODWRDUH se va alege conform prevederilor capitolului 4. 6H YD P UL numarul de izolatoare FX R EXFDW 6H YD P UL 1XP UXO GH QXP UXO GH izolatoare izolatoare conform FX GRX capitolului EXF L 4. 6H YD P UL QXP UXO GH izolatoare cu trei EXF L ,]RODWRDUH WLS WLM 1LYHOXO GH L]ROD LH Normal 0 ULW 6 kV 10 kV 10 kV 15...20 kV 20 kV 30...35 kV 6H YD DG XJD un izolator WLS FDS -WLM 2) Se vor DG XJD GRX izolatoare tip FDS -WLM 2) Se vor DG XJD WUHL izolatoare tip FDS -WLM 2)
110
220
1XP UXO de izolatoare conform capitolului 4.
400
1RW 1) n cazul n care nu se pot procura izolatoare suport pentru tensiuni nominale de 30...35 kV, VH YD UHDOL]D GXEODUHD OHJ WXULL 2) ,]RODWRDUHOH FDS WLM VH YRU PRQWD OD SDUWHD VXSHULRDU D ODQ XOXL GH L]RODWRDUH 0 VXUD GH DG XJDUH GH L]RODWRDUH VXSOLPHQWDUH HVWH YDODELO QXPDL vQ FD]XO L]ROD LHL FODVLFH VWLFO VDX SRU HODQ Q FD]XO L]ROD LHL FRPSR]LWH P ULUHD QLYHOXOXL GH L]ROD LH VH YD UHDOL]D SULQ XWLOL]DUHD GH L]RODWRDUH FX QLYHO GH L]ROD LH P ULW FX ID GH FHO H[LVWHQW SH UHVWXO OLQLHL
52
TabelXO 7HQVLXQHD PD[LP DGPLV GH DWLQJHUH Ua L GH SDV Upas. Tipul LQVWDOD LHL electrice Zona de amplasare D &LUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW GLQ ORFDOLW L 1 Stlpi /($ I U aparataj E &LUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW GLQ DIDUD ORFDOLW LORU F &LUFXOD LH UHGXV d) Incinte industriale L DJULFROH SODMH L terenuri de camping Stlpi LEA cu aparataj a) n general, LQGLIHUHQW GH ]RQ b) Incinte industriale L DJULFROH SODMH L terenuri de camping Tipul UH HOHL I T1 T2 I, T1, T2 I, T1, T2 I, T1 T2 I T1 T2 I T1, T2 7HQVLXQHD PD[LP DGPLV GH DWLQJHUH L GH SDV SHQWUX WLPSXO GH vQWUHUXSHUH OD SURWHF LD GH ED] GH 0,4 s 0,5 s 0,6 s 0,7 s 0,8 1,2 s (V) 125 125 125 125 125 250 250 250 250 250 600 500 500 500 500 1X VH VWDQGDUGL]HD] 1X VH VWDQGDUGL]HD] 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 250 125 250 500 125 250 125 125 125 250 250 125 125 125 125 125 250 250 125 125
Nr. crt.
0,2 s 125 250 1100
0,3 s 125 250 795
1,2 3 s 125 250 250
>3s
125 250 250
1RW 1) Valorile din tabel sunt n conformitate cu prevederile STAS 2612-88. 2) 1RWD LLOH GLQ FRORDQD 7LSXO UH HOHL DX XUP WRDUHOH VHPQLILFD LL I UH HD L]RODW VDX FRPSHQVDW FX ERELQ T1 UH HD OHJDW OD S PkQW FX XQ VLVWHP GH HOLPLQDUH D GHIHFWXOXL T2 UH HD OHJDW OD S PkQW FX GRX VLVWHPH GH HOLPLQDUH D GHIHFWXOXL FRQIRUP 67$6 88 (punctul 1.22). 'DF YDORDUHD WHQVLXQLL PD[LPH GH DQWLQJHUH QX SRDWH IL RE LQXW vQ FRQGL LL HFRQRPLFH VH YRU UHDOL]D SUL]H GH S PkQW SHQWUX GLULMDUHD GLVWULEX LHL SRWHQ LDOHORU FX PDL PXOWH FRQWXUXUL FRQIRUP 67$6 L /D VWkOSLL UHVSHFWLYL VH YRU DSOLFD P VXULOH GH FUHWHUH D QLYHOXOXL GH L]ROD LH FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL VDX VH YRU XWLOL]D L]RODWRDUH QHVWU SXQJLELOH GLQ SRU HODQ VDX FRPSR]LWH
53
12. =21$ '( 3527(& ,( 6, 6,*85$17$ $ LINIILOR ELECTRICE AERIENE SI CONDITIILE PENTRU COEXISTENTA CU DIVERSE CONSTRUCTII, INSTALATII, CAI DE TRANSPORT SI TERENURI
3HQWUX SURWHF LD L IXQF LRQDUHD QRUPDO D /($ VH LQVWLWXLH R ]RQ GH SURWHF LH L VLJXUDQ 28* Q ]RQHOH GH SURWHF LH L VLJXUDQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH DOH /($ VH LQVWLWXLH DQXPLWH P VXUL GH UHVWUkQJHUH VDX LQWHUGLF LH D XQRU DFWLYLW L VDX FRQVWUXF LL FRQIRUP FX SUHYHGHULOH GLQ DFHVW FDSLWRO 7HUHQXO VLWXDW vQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH U PkQH vQ IRORVLUHD SHUVRDQHORU MXULGLFH VDX IL]LFH FDUH vO DX vQ SURSULHWDWH VDX DGPLQLVWUDUH FX H[FHS LD VXSUDIH HORU RFXSDWH GH IXQGD LLOH VWkOSLORU GHILQLWH vQ 3( FX REOLJD LD FD DFHVWHD SULQ DFWLYLWDWHD ORU SH DFHVWH WHUHQXUL V QX DGXF SUHMXGLFLL /($ VDX IXQF LRQ ULL vQ VLJXUDQ D DFHVWHLD /($ YRU IL SURLHFWDWH L FRQVWUXLWH DVWIHO vQFkW V VH UHVSHFWH vQ WRWDOLWDWH FRQGL LLOH SUHY ]XWH vQ SUH]HQWXO QRUPDWLY SULYLQG FRH[LVWHQ D FX DOWH RELHFWLYH VDX DFWLYLW L GHVI XUDWH vQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH &RQVWUXF LLOH LVDX DFWLYLW LLOH QRL FDUH SRW V DSDU vQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH DO /($ GXS SXQHUHD vQ IXQF LXQH D DFHVWHLD YRU IL GHVI XUDWH QXPDL FX UHVSHFWDUHD SUHYHGHULORU GLQ SUH]HQWXO QRUPDWLY L FX DXWRUL]DUHD VFULV D RUJDQL]D LHL FDUH H[SORDWHD] /($ 'LPHQVLXQHD O LPHD ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH =S vQ SULQFLSLX FRQVWDQW SH WRDW OXQJLPHD /($ L VLPHWULF ID GH D[XO DFHVWHLD VH FDOFXOHD] DVWIHO Zp = LLEA + 2 . (liz + fc.max) . sin c unde: (m)
LLEA - HVWH O LPHD PD[LP D VWkOSLORU GLVWDQ D FHD PDL PDUH SH RUL]RQWDO L WUDQVYHUVDO SH OLQLH ntre punctele extreme ale unei coQVWUXF LL PHWDOLFH GH OD R ERUQ XWLOL]D L vQ /($ UHVSHFWLY P liz - OXQJLPHD PD[LP D XQXL ODQ GH VXV LQHUH XWLOL]DW SH OLQLH P fc.max - V JHDWD PD[LP D FRQGXFWRUXOXL FDOFXODW vQ FRQGL LLOH GH DSDUL LH D YkQWXOXL PD[LP vQ cea mai mare deschideUH H[LVWHQW SH /($ c - XQJKLXO PD[LP GH vQFOLQDUH DO SODQXOXL FRQGXFWRUXOXL DFWLY H[WUHP VXE DF LXQHD SUHVLXQLL vntului maxim (o). Q XQHOH ]RQH VSHFLDOH DOH WUDVHXOXL O LPHD ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH SRDWH IL PDL PDUH Q DFHVWH ]RQH VSHFLDOH (cazul panouriORU FX PDUL WUDYHUV UL SHQWUX SRU LXQL OLPLWDWH DOH WUDVHXOXL /($ VH YD FDOFXOD R ]RQ GH SURWHF LH UH]XOWDW GLQ GLPHQVLXQHD HOHPHQWHORU /($ VDX D GLVWDQ HORU GH VLJXUDQ VSHFLILFH DFHVWRU SRU LXQL
54
'LPHQVLXQHD O LPHD ]RQHL GH VLJXUDQ =V FDUH VH DGDXJ vQ MXUXO ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH HVWH GH - P vQ FD]XO /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO N9 - P vQ FD]XO /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH N9 - P vQ FD]XO /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH N9 - P vQ FD]XO /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO GH N9 $FHVWH GLVWDQ H DVLJXUD IXQF LRQDUHD QRUPDO D /($ L HYLW SXQHUHD vQ SHULFRO D SHUVRDQHORU EXQXULORU L a mediului. =RQD GH SURWHF LH =S SOXV FHOH GRX ]RQH GH VLJXUDQ constituie culoarul de trecere (IXQF LRQDUH DO /($ Zp+s = Zp + 2*Zs =V DPSODVDWH VWkQJD GUHDSWD ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH
8QLWDWHD GH H[SORDWDUH FRQIRUP DUW GLQ 28* vQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH DUH XUP WRDUHOH GUHSWXUL Dreptul de uz, pentru: ([HFXWDUHD OXFU ULORU QHFHVDUH UHDELOLW ULL VDX UHWHKQRORJL] ULL /($ $VLJXUDUHD IXQF LRQ ULL QRUPDOH D /($ SHQWUX UHYL]LLOH UHSDUD LLOH L LQWHUYHQ LLOH necesare. Servitutea de trecere GH VXSDUDID VDX DHULDQ SHQUX LQVWDODUHD GH HFKLSDPHQWH DIHUHQWH /($ L SHQWUX DFFHVXO OD ORFXO GH amplasare al acestora. &XORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH DO /($ OD WUDYHUVDUHD XQRU WHUHQXUL VLOYLFH DUH R O LPH FRQVWDQW VWDELOLW GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX RUJDQHOH VLOYLFH L DFHDVWD HVWH SUH]HQWDW vQ QRUPDWLYXO 3( Q FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH DO /($ DYkQG O LPHD VWDELOLW FRQIRUP FHORU GH PDL VXV HVWH REOLJDWRULH UHVSHFWDUHD UHJOHPHQW ULORU FXSULQVH vQ DFHVW FDSLWRO 7RDWH DFHVWH UHJOHPHQW UL DX IRVW VWDELOLWH GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX LQVWLWX LLOH DELOLWDWH GLQ ILHFDUH GRPHQLX GH activitate caUH SRDWH FRH[LVWD vQ IXQF LRQDUH FX /($ vQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH IXQF LRQDUH DO DFHVWHLD
55
12.1. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE CAILE FERATE
12.1.1. & LOH IHUDWH VH vPSDUW vQ XUP WRDUHOH FDWHJRULL LQkQGX-VH VHDPD GH FRQ LQXWXO QRUPDWLYXOXL a) & L IHUDWH HOHFWULILFDWe, n curs de electrificare sau electrificabile, categorie care cuprinde toate F LOH IHUDWH XQGH V-D LQWURGXV VDX XUPHD] V ILH LQWURGXV WUDF LXQHD HOHFWULF b) & L IHUDWH QHHOHFWULILFDELOH cu trafic permanent FDWHJRULH FDUH FXSULQGH WRDWH F LOH IHUDWH ce QX XUPHD] D IL HOHFWULILFDWH L SH FDUH VH GHVI RDU XQ WUDILF UHJXODW SH ED]D XQXL RUDU SUHVWDELOLW pe perioade mari de timp. c) & L IHUDWH QHHOHFWULILFDELOH FX WUDILF LQWHUPLWHQW FDWHJRULH FDUH FXSULQGH WRDWH F LOH IHUDWH FH QX XUPHD] D IL HOHFWULILFDWH L OD FDUH WUDILFXO vQ JHQHUDO HVWH QXPDL WUDILF GH P UIXUL L FDUH QX VH GHVI RDU SH ED]D XQXL RUDU SUHVWDELOLW SH SHULRDGH PDUL GH WLPS F L IHUDWH X]LQDOH F L IHUDWH GH WULDM F L IHUDWH IRUHVWLHUH HWF 12.1.2. 7UDYHUV ULOH FX /($ SHVWH F L IHUDWH vQ ]RQD VWD LLORU F LORU IHUDWH D GHSRXULORU GH ORFRPRWLYH L D DWHOLHUHORU GH PDWHULDO UXODQW QX VH DGPLW GHFkW vQ FD]XUL H[FHS LRQDOH L QXPDL FX DFRUGXO RUJDQHORU FRPSHWHQWH UHVSHFWLY DO GLUHF LLORU UHJLRQDOH GH F L IHUDWH 12.1.3. La trDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH F L IHUDWH vQ ORFXULOH PDUFDWH SULQ SRU L GH JDEDULW VH YRU UHVSHFWD XUP WRDUHOH GLVWDQ H PLQLPH P VXUDWH vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO /($ OD V JHDWD VDX GHYLD LD PD[LP L SRDUWD GH gabarit:

1 kV < Un U 20 kV 20 kV < Un U 100 kV Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV
3,00 m; 3,00 m; 4,00 m; 5,00 m.
12.1.4. 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID D L E
GH F L IHUDWH VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL ILJXULOH
56
Simbol
Tipul F LL IHrate
0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH

- SURWHF LH P ULW conform paragrafului 11.3.
7DEHOXO 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH F L IHUDWH 7UDYHUV UL 'LVWDQ H PLQLPH [m] 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO vQWUH &RQGL LLOH GH FRQGXFWRUXO LQIHULRU DO /($ L calcul ale &DEOXO SXUW WRU DO &LXSHUFD LQHL GLVWDQ HL SH liniei de contact YHUWLFDO 1kV Un 20kV Un Un Un = Un = Un = Un =

D < Da3)
&DOH IHUDW
%& '2 0 01 %' () 30 &
- ODQ XUL GXEOH GH izolatoare1), respectiv OHJ WXUL GXEOH vQ FD]XO izolatoarelor suport.
H1 H2 H1 H2
11,50 9,50 7,50 6,00
11,50 9,50 7,50 6,00
12,50 10,50 8,50 7,00 8,00
13,50 11,50 9,50 8,00 8,50 n cazuri REOLJDWH DFHDVW GLVWDQ SRDWH IL UHGXV SkQ OD 6,00 m dar numai cu acordul gestionarului LQVWDOD LLORU Q acest caz, la LEA cu Un< N9 L izolatoare suport, stlpii de traversare vor fi de tip ntindere sau terminal.
de dimensionare ale stlpilor. Aceste apropieri se interzic

2& 4 9& & @ 2A %2 ' 2 % 78 2 B 0
d < Dma
D2 C)D
Cu trafic permanent
52 40 (
&DOH IHUDW QHOHOHFWULILFDELO
1) 2) 3) 4)
- unghi de traversare minim, = 450 (50G) - SURWHF LH P ULW 6 JHDWD PD[LP H1 6,50 7,00 conform paragrafului 11.3.; Ruperea unui - QLYHO GH L]ROD LH P ULW conductor n conform paragrafului H2 5,50 5,50 deschiderea 1) 11.4. 4) YHFLQ - unghi de traversare 0 G minim, =30 (34 ) Exceptnd cazurile n cDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH /D F LOH IHUDWH VLPSOH VH LQH VHDPD GH SRVLELOLW LOH GH GXEODUH $SURSLHUH SHUPLV QXPDL vQ FD]XUL REOLJDWH FX DFRUGXO RUJDQHORU vQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD F URUD VH J VHWH FDOHD IHUDW Nu se refeU OD /($ FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW Cu trafic intermitent
Ruperea unui conductor n deschiderea YHFLQ 4)
Da deasupra solului a celui mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m dconductorul extrem al LEA la
4 25 0 ( 4 %2 C0 62 C)D G% %) 6 H & 52 40 ( ID 0 & 62 C %D ) 62 ( 4 0 0 70 B 40 6'D H P%2 % 2 B 6 F ST Q 4 E0 ' 2 % 2 B 20 8& F R0 % C)D C0 C)D %) 8 V W 60 4 %2 B 00 & 6 () H % 8C 6' F C2 ( (8 0 B2 0 %
6,00
6,00
Dma %U2 &
F 6
E0
52 40 (
F 6
E0
C2
26
B0
62
7,50 m 1 kV < Un 110 kV 8,50 m Un = 220 kV 9,50 m Un = 400kV
'
57
$
&DOH IHUDW HOHFWULILFDW sau n curs de electrificare
6 JHDWD PD[LP Ruperea unui conductor n deschiderea YHFLQ 4) 6 JHDWD PD[LP Ruperea unui conductor n deschiderea YHFLQ 4) 6 JHDWD PD[LP
110 kV
220 kV
400 kV
20 kV
110kV
220 kV
400 kV
H1 H2
3.00 1,00
4,00 2,00
5,00 3,00
Dma
Q O LPHD stlpului deasupra solului plus 3 m.
'LVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO ntre marginea VWkOSXOXL L FHD PDL DSURSLDW LQ 2) D1 [m]

Apropieri 2)

D Da

Deschiderile reale ale

"#
sarcini verticale nu vor

!
)LJXUD D 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH F LOH IHUDWH HOHFWULILFDWH VDX vQ FXUV GH HOHFWULILFDUH
)LJXUD E 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH F LOH IHUDWH QHHOHFWULILFDWH

58
12.2.1. 'UXPXULOH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX 2*5 L 207 VH FODVLILF DVWIHO 'LQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO GHVWLQD LHL a) drumuri publice - RELHFWLYH GH XWLOLWDWH SXEOLF GHVWLQDWH WUDQVSRUWXOXL UXWLHU vQ VFRSXO VDWLVIDFHULL FHULQ HORU HFRQRPLHL QD LRQDOH DOH SRSXOD LHL L GH DS UDUH D ULL b) GUXPXUL GH XWLOLWDWH SULYDW - VHUYHVF DFWLYLW LORU HFRQRPLFH IRUHVWLHUH SHWUROLHUH PLQLHUH DJULFROH energetice etc., de acces n incinte, din incinte, organi]DUH GH DQWLHU
Din punctul de YHGHUH IXQF LRQDO L DGPLQLVWUDWLY WHULWRULDO a) GUXPXUL GH LQWHUHV QD LRQDO DSDU LQ SURSULHW LL SXEOLFH L DVLJXU OHJ WXUD FDSLWDOHL FX UHHGLQ HOH GH MXGH H OHJ WXULOH vQWUH DFHVWHD SUHFXP L FX ULOH YHFLQH SRW IL DXWRVWU ]L GUXPXUL QD LRQDOe europene (E); GUXPXUL QD LRQDOH SULQFLSDOH GUXPXUL QD LRQDOH VHFXQGDUH
12.2. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE DRUMURI
b) GUXPXUL GH LQWHUHV MXGH HDQ DSDU LQ SURSULHW LL SXEOLFH D MXGH XOXL L DVLJXU OHJ WXULOH vQWUH UHHGLQ HOH GH MXGH L UHHGLQ HOH GH FRPXQH PXQLFLSLL RUDH SRUWXUL DHURSRUturi, obiective legate de DS UDUH WXULVWLFH HWF SUHFXP L vQWUH RUDH L PXQLFLSLL c) drumuri de interes local DSDU LQ SURSULHW LL SXEOLFH D XQLW LL DGPLQLVWUDWLYH SH WHULWoULXO F UHLD VH DIO SRW IL GUXPXUL FRPXQDOH OHDJ UHHGLQ D GH FRPXQ L VDWHOH FRPSRQHQWH RUDHOH L VDWHOH FRPSRQHQWH drumuri vicinale GHVHUYHVF SURSULHW L ILLQG VLWXDWH OD OLPLWD DFHVWRUD VWU ]L GUXPXUL SXEOLFH GLQ LQWHULRUXO ORFDOLW LL LQGLIHUHQW GH GHQXPLUH VWUDG EXOHYDUG RVHD alee etc.). 12.2.2. La WUDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH GUXPXUL vQ ORFXULOH vQ FDUH H[LVW SRU L GH JDEDULW SRU L SXUWkQG LQGLFDWRDUH GH FLUFXOD LH HWF VH YRU UHVSHFWD XUP WRDUHOH GLVWDQ H PLQLPH P VXUDWH vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO /($ OD V JHDWD VDX GHYLD LD PD[LP L VWUXFWXUD SRU LL 1 kV < Un U 20 kV 2,00 m; 20 kV < Un U 110 kV 3,00 m; Un = 220 kV 4,00 m; Un = 400 kV 5,00 m. 12.2.3. 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GUXPXUL VLWXDWH vQ DIDUD ORFDOLW LORU VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL D ILJXUD D LDU FHOH ID GH GUXPXULOH VLWXDWH vQ LQWHULRUXO ORFDOLW LORU VH YRU WUDWD conform tabelului 12.2.b (figura 12.2.b). 12.2.4. Q VHQVXO 'HFUHWXOXL QU GLQ SULYLQG FRQGL LLOH GH VWDELOLUH D WHUHQXULORU GH DHURQDXWLF D ]RQHORU GH VLJXUDQ L D VHUYLWX LORU DHURQDXWLFH /($ FX vQ O LPH SHVWH P FDUH WUDYHUVHD] GUXPXULOH SXEOLFH GH LQWHUHV QD LRQDO DXWRVWU ]L GUXPXUL QD LRQDOH HXURSHQH GUXPXUL QD LRQDOH SULQFLSDOH L VHFXQGDUH) YRU IL EDOL]DWH GXS FXP XUPHD] conductoarele superioare din deschiderea de traversare, cu balizaj de zi; VWkOSLL GH WUDYHUVDUH FX EDOL]DM GH ]L LDU FkQG vQ O LPHD ORU GHS HWH P OD LQGLFD LLOH 0$S1 L cu balizaj de noapte.
58
Figura 12.1. Elementele de gabarit ale drumurilor (conform 2*5 L 207 ).
59
7DEHOXO D 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GUXPXULOH VLWXDWH vQ DIDUD ORFDOLW LORU
Simbol
Categoria drumului
hY
1)

paragrafului 11.3. k n m e y d l
&RQGL LLOH GH calcul ale GLVWDQ HL SH YHUWLFDO

yx
2)
7UDYHUV UL 'LVWDQ SH YHUWLFDO P

` XY Y c ab b cd fg a ib b pb fq
Apropieri 5) 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH

Pentru drumuri publice de interes
d ms t d g y h
5)
pe
` XY
cd s ab c g af e
Y d c g af q f tq Y c e c ab d
conductorul inferior al LEA

rYs
marginea celui mai

ib Y à a us h vb Y
'LVWDQ H
Drumuri de interes
h
H1
UnU 110 kV 7,00
Un= 220 kV 8,00
Un= 400 kV 9,00
drumului: D1 [m]
D Dma Da
Drumuri publice
- europene (E); - principale; - secundare;
n cazul izolatoarelor suport - Unghi de traversare minim 600 (67G) 3) - Panouri de ntindere scurte (maximum 5 deschideri) paragrafului 11.3: 2) - Nivel , conform tabelului 11.2. - Unghi de traversare minim 300 (34G) 3)
k l i
Ruperea unui conductor n deschiderea

4)
50 m pentru
t pqY wq a ` b af
ij
ws
ifq
H2
fr
cY
wf
qY c
bg s
5,50
6,50
7,50
22 m pentru
d b
D < Da 6)
conform paragrafului 11.3., excluznd

e d f
clemelor pentru LEA cu izolatoare
og
pc
H1
7,00 5,50 7,00
8,00 6,50 8,00 Nu se impune
9,00 7,50 9,00 18 20

d < Dma
Drumuri de interes
h

4)
conductoarelor Aceste apropieri se vor evita. n cazuri obligate, cu acordul organelor competente, se vor trata ca traversare,
t i ms d f f d
yx
H2
conductoarelor
og
pc
H1
Drumuri de utilitate
7,00
8,00 Nu se impune
9,00 4
yx
Drumuri care serves economice.

deschiderea de traversare
v

4)
H2
Dma 110 kV 1,00 m 1 kV < Un 2,00 m Un = 220 kV 3,00 m Un = 400 kV

d
w xy z {|
i g g
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Clasificarea drumurilor conform O.G.R. 43/98.

suport.
60
Drumuri de interes local: - drumuri comunale; - urbane; - rurale.

ih
H1
yx
conform tabelului 11.2. deschiderea de traversare

e u i v
og
pc

4)
H2
D amprizei drumului 7). Da stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m.

d d ms t y
i g g
i g
e g
7DEHOXO E 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GUXPXULOH VLWXDWH vQ LQWHULRUXO ORFDOLW LORU 7UDYHUV UL 4) 6) 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO P
Simbol

Apropieri

7) , Zs 6) drumului, de la ampriza acestuia, a.
Drumuri publice
Drumuri de utilitate
1) Clasificarea drumurilor conform O.G.R. 43/97. 2) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH 3) Q FD]XUL H[FHS LRQDOH VH DGPLW XQJKLXUL PDL PLFL FX DFRUGXO RUJDQHORU vQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD F URUD VH J VHWH drumul. 4) Se interzice ampODVDUHD VWkOSLORU vQ ]RQD GH VLJXUDQ D GUXPXOXL 5) 1X VH DSOLF OLQLLORU FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW 6) 6H H[FHSWHD] OLQLLOH HOHFWULFH DHULHQH FX WHQVLXQHD SkQ OD N9 FDUH FRQVWLWXLH UH HOH GH GLVWULEX LH vQ ORFDOLWDWH D F URU DPSODVDUH SRDWH IL I FXW vQ ]RQD GH VLJXUDQ D GUXPXOXL FX DFRUGXO RUJDQL]D LLORU vQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD F URUD VH J VHWH GUXPXO 7) 1R LXQLOH GH D[ DPSUL] ]RQ GH VLJXUDQ ]RQ GH SURWHF LH VXQW GHILQLWH SULQ 207 UHSUH]HQWDWH vQ figura 12.1.
H2
Nu se impune.
qq
Drumuri care servesc DFWLYLW LORU economice.
Ruperea unui conductor ntr-o deschidere YHFLQ 5)
H1
7,00
8,00
9,00
6 JHDW PD[LP
n cazul izolatoarelor suport. - Unghi de traversare minim, = 15o (17G) 3) paragrafului 11.3, exceptnd prevederea referitoare la tipul stlpului n cazul liniilor cu izolatoare suport. 2) , cazul izolatoarelor suport: - Unghi de traversare minim, = 13o (15G) 3)

H2
Nu se impune.
qq
Drumuri de interes local: - drumuri comunale; - VWU ]L - urbane; - rurale.
H1
7,00
8,00
9,00
6 JHDW PD[LP
H2
5,50
6,50
7,50
qq
Drumuri de interes MXGH HDQ - GUXPXUL MXGH HQH
H1
7,00
8,00
9,00
6 JHDW PD[LP
H2
izolatoarelor suport. - Unghi de traversare minim, = 60o (67G) 3) - Panouri de ntindere scurte (maximum 5 deschideri) paragrafului 11.3. 2) , n cazul izolatoarelor suport. - Unghi de traversare minim, = 30o (34G) 3) paragrafului 11.3, exceptnd prevederea referitoare la tipul stlpului n cazul liniilor cu izolatoare suport. 2) ,

5,50
6,50
7,50
2)
qq
Drumuri de interes QD LRQDO - DXWRVWU ]L - GUXPXUL QD LRQDOH - europene (E); - principale; - secundare.
paragrafului 11.3. - Lan

6 JHDW PD[LP
H1
7,00
8,00
9,00
Un 110 kV
Un = 220 kV
Un = 400 kV
D (m)

conductorul inferior al
Categoria drumului 1)
M VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH
&RQGL LLOH GH calcul ale GLVWDQ HL SH YHUWLFDO
61
)LJXUD D 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GUXPXULOH VLWXDWH vQ DIDUD ORFDOLW LORU
62
)LJXUD E 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GUXPXULOH VLWXDWH vQ LQWHULRUXO ORFDOLW LORU
63
12.3.1. 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH OLQLLOH HOHFWULFH DHULHQH VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOHORU D E L F ILJXULOH D L E 12.3.2. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID tabelului 12.3.a (figura 12.3.a). 12.3.3. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID tabelului 12.3.b (figura 12.3.b). GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO SHVWH 9 VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO VXE 9 VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP
12.3. NCRUCISARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE LINIILE ELECTRICE AERIENE
12.3.4. LEA pe stlpi comuni &RQVWUXLUHD OLQLLORU FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO SHVWH L VXE 9 SH VWkOSL comuni, se admite cu respectarea prevederilor tabelului 12.3.c. Se admite construirea LEA cu mai multe circuite de tensiuni nominale diferite, peste 1000 V fiecare, astfel: GLVWDQ HOH vQWUH FLUFXLWH WUHEXLH V ILH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH WHQVLXQLL FHOHL PDL PDUL GLVWDQ HOH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH DFHOXLDL FLUFXLW SUHFXP L vQWUH DFHVWHD L S U LOH SXVH OD S PkQW WUHEXLH V ILH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH WHQVLXQLL QRPLQDOH D FLUFXLWXOXL UHVSHFWLY
12.4.1. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH OLQLLOH GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL VH YRU WUDWD vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SUHYHGHULOH GLQ 67$6 67$6 67$6 L 3( 12.4.2. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH OLQLLOH GH WUDPYDL L WUROHLEX]H VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP 67$6 12.4.3. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID normativului PE 107. GH OLQLLOH GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF vQ FDEOX VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP
12.4. NCRUCISARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE LINIILE DE TELECOMUNICATII SI MIJLOACELE DE TRANSPORT PE CABLU SUSPENDAT
12.4.4. QFUXFL UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH PLMORDFHOH GH WUDQVSRUW SH FDEOX VXVSHndat. Mijloacele de transport pe cablu suspendat se mpart n: a) teleferice, n cazul n care sunt destinate transportului de persoane; b) funiculare, n cazul n care sunt destinate transportului de materiale. QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID tabelului 12.4. (figura 12.4.). GH PLMORDFHOH de transport pe cablu suspendat se vor trata conform
64
Caracteristicile LEA FDUH WUDYHUVHD]
7DEHOXO D QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO SHVWH 9 QFUXFL UL 'LVWDQ H PLQLPH >P@
'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO H1 1) 2) ntre conductorul inferior al OLQLHL FDUH WUDYHUVHD] L FRQGXFWRUXO VXSHULRU DO OLQLHL WUDYHUVDWH FkQG GLVWDQ D l GH OD ORFXO GH vQFUXFLDUH OD D[XO celui mai apropiat stlp aO OLQLHL FDUH WUDYHUVHD] HVWH
lU50m lU70m lU100m lU120m
Tensiunea QRPLQDO D liniei
Lungimea deschiderii, a (m)
lU30m
l 120m
1 kV 20kV
Un 20 kV
Un 110kV
" 0% % "# $ &1 % 2 &% 2 % 3 ' ( 2 )
( 4 2 41 %4 5 62
8 2
' 5 2
11.2., exceptnd cazurile

(4
1%4

@ (%1
%
%4 2
11 7
%

2 7 1% 1% ' 2 1% 89 23 &( 1
a > 300
5,00
5,50
6,00
7,00
7,50
8,00
A
cazul spargerii unei
B 5 2 1 % FCD E 2
3
1 4
de stlpul celeilalte linii; se vor calcula
2%

B 1 1 1 P 52 % 1 1 2
2 % ' 4
'% B
% 2 A
1) n cazXO OLQLLORU SH VWkOSL GH OHPQ I U FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHF LH DWkW SHQWUX FHOH FDUH WUDYHUVHD] FkW L SHQWUX FHOH WUDYHUVDWH DFHVWH GLVWDQ H U PkQ YDODELOH GRDU GDF VH PRQWHD] SH VWkOSLL DGLDFHQ L WUDYHUV ULL GHVF UF WRDUH GDF GHVFKLGHUHD lT40 m, se voU PRQWD GHVF UF WRDUH QXPDL SH VWkOSXO FHO PDL DSURSLDW vQ FD] FRQWUDU GLVWDQ HOH VH PDMRUHD] FX P 2) $FHVWH GLVWDQ H WUHEXLH UHVSHFWDWH FkQG DPEHOH FRQGXFWRDUH VH DIO OD t = +15 OC.
65
&'
(
4 4 3 1 3 4 & %4 % 2 5 % 1 3 2 1 ' 1 5 2
3 2 71
1 7 1 2
1% '%
(

& 1% 7 4% 3 % 3 P &1 Q RS 1 P I 3 7 1 1% 2 % 3 &% 2

dimensionare ale stlpilor, fiind
1%
'
23
Un = 400 kV
considerente mecanice. n deschiderea de traversare. izolatoare cu elemente se vor verifica la
5,00
"
2

1
1)
% 3 8 ' ' 52 1 7 I3 ' 1 %1 7

conductoarele extreme ale liniilor n L 3,00 m 1 kV < Un 20 kV 5,00 m 20 kV < Un 110 kV 10,00 m Un = 220 kV 15,00 m Un = 400 kV - n astfel de cazuri deschiderile reale la
3 % 1 H ' (% 8 4 62B ' 3 8 9 ' 1 % 4 4 1' 5 %
Un = 220 kV
a a a a a a a a a
100 100 200 200 200 300 300 200 300
Generale: - Trecerea LEA cu tensiunea mai mare peste LEA cu tensiunea mai
electrificate).
2,00 2,00 3,00 3,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 5,00 5,00
2,00 2,50 3,00 3,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 5,00 5,00
2,50 3,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 5,00 5,00 5,50
4,00 4,50 4,00 4,50 6,00 5,50 6,00
5,00 5,00 6,50 6,50
5,50 7,00 7,00
'LVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO G vQWUH cel mai apropiat conductor al liniei WUDYHUVDWH OD GHYLD LD OXL PD[LP L RULFH element al stlpului liniei care WUDYHUVHD]
2,50 3,00 4,00
Apropieri
ai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m, respectiv 100 m cnd una din LEA are Un = 400 kV. -

4 ' 1 3 '% 5 3 2 '4 2 ' 2 1 1B 7 %1 2 2 2 3 8
liniilor, D
17

2
% G

7DEHOXO E QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO VXE 9 QFUXFL UL 'LVWDQ H PLQLPH >P@ Tensiunea QRPLQDO D liniei care WUDYHUVHD] 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ 1) L SURWHF LH &RQGL LL GH FDOFXO DOH GLVWDQ HL SH YHUWLFDO 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO H, ntre conductorul inferior al liniei SHVWH 9 L FRQGXFWRUXO superior al liniei sub 1000 V 3)
l U 4) 40 m 2,00 1,00 3,00 1,00 4,00 2,00 5,00 3,00 l > 4) 40 m 2,50 1,00 4,00 1,00 5,00 2,00 6,00 3,00 10,00 7,00 5,00 'LVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO GH la orice element al stlpului LEA peste 1000 V, la cel mai apropiat conductor al LEA sub 1000 V5): d
Simbol
Apropieri 5)
1 kV < Un U 20 kV 20 kV < Un U110 kV Un = 220 kV
Regim normal
H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2
Generale: Linia cu tensiune mai mare WUHEXLH V WUDYHUVH]H OLQLD FX WHQVLXQH PDL PLF - 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP paragrafului 11.3.; - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH izolatoare2), respectiv OHJ WXUL GXEOH vQ FD]XO izolatoarelor suport. /D OLQLD FDUH WUDYHUVHD] :
Ruperea unui conductor 6) ntr-
3,00
Regim normal Ruperea unui conductor 6) ntr-
43
1) Pentru LEA cu Un T N9 SUHY ]XWH FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW VLWXDWH vQ LQWHULRUXO ORFDOLW LORU VH YRU DGRSWD P VXULOH GH VLJXUDQ SUHY ]XWH OD WUHFHUHD /($ SULQ ]RQH FX FLUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW WDEHOXO 2) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH 3) 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO VH YHULILF vQ FRQGL LLOH - FRQGXFWRUXO /($ SHVWH 9 VH DIO o OD t = -5o& FX FKLFLXU LDU FHO DO /($ VXE 9 OD t = -5o& I U FKLFLXU - DPEHOH FRQGXFWRDUH VH DIO OD t = +40 C. 4) l HVWH GLVWDQ D GH OD D[XO VWkOSXOXL OLQLHL FDUH WUDYHUVHD] SkQ OD SXQFWXO GH vQFUXFLDUH vQ D[XO OLQLHL WUDYHUVDWH 5) 6H YD LQH VHDPD GH HFKLSDPHQWXO SUH]HQW L YLLWRU SH FDUH-O SHUPLWH OLQLD LQFOXVLY FLUFXLWHOH GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL GDF HVWH FD]XO 6) 9HULILFDUHD GLVWDQ HL VH IDFH QXPDL vQ FD]XO VWkOSLORU SUHY ]X L FX ODQ XUL GH L]RODWRDUH
&
1
Un = 400 kV
- 6H UHFRPDQG FD GLVWDQ D vQWUH D[HOH liniilor, D V ILH FHO SX LQ HJDO FX vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D FHOXL mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m. - n cD]XUL REOLJDWH DFHDVW GLVWDQ SRDWH IL UHGXV DVWIHO FD GLVWDQ D RUL]RQWDO L, ntre orice element al LEA VXE 9 L FHO PDL DSURSLDW FRQGXFWRU DO /($ SHVWH 9 OD GHYLD LD PD[LP V ILH PLQLPXP 2,00 m 1 kV < Un U 20 kV; 3,00 m 20 kV < Un U 110 kV; 5,00 m Un = 220 kV; 7,00 m Un = 400 kV. - Q WRDWH FD]XULOH VH YRU OXD P VXUL SHQWUX HYLWDUHD LQIOXHQ HL HOHFWURPDJQHWLFH L SULQ FXSODM UH]LVWLY asupra LEA sub 1000 V.
43
% % % %
T3
43
T3 T3 T3
& & &
43
'

1
'

1
'

1
'

66
7DEHOXO F /LQLLOH FX WHQVLXQL QRPLQDOH SHVWH L VXE 9 SH VWkOSL FRPXQL 'LVWDQ D PLQLP SH YHUWLFDO vQWUH conductorul inferior al liniei peste 9 L FRQGXFWRUXO VXSHULRU DO liniei sub 1000 V, H1 (m) 2) Deschidere Deschidere mai mai mare de PLF VDX HJDO FX 40 m 40 m
Tensiunea QRPLQDO D OLQLHL peste 1000 V
- /LQLD FX WHQVLXQH QRPLQDO PDL PDUH VH YD monta deasupra celei cu tensiune nRPLQDO PDL PLF - $GRSWDUHD GH L]RODWRDUH OHJ WXUL GXEOH VDX GH ODQ XUL GXEOH GH L]RODWRDUH1) de tip QHVWU SXQJLELO OD /($ FX WHQVLXQHD SHVWH 1000 V; - Conductoarele liniei peste 1000 V se vor vQWLQGH SHQWUX vQF UF UL QRUPDWH FX R WUDF LXQH GH PD[LP GLQ UH]LVWHQ D GH rupere a conductorului; - 6H YD SUHYHGHD GHFRQHFWDUHD DXWRPDW OD SXQHUL VLPSOH OD S PkQW D OLQLHL SHVWH 1000 V; - $UP WXUD PHWDOLF D WXWXURU VWkOSLORU se va lega la conductorul nul.
1 kV < Un U 20 kV
1,50
2,00
Un > 20 kV
Nu se admite montarea pH VWkOSL FRPXQL FX OLQLL FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO VXE 9
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH 2) $FHDVW GLVWDQ VH YD YHULILFD vQ FRQGL LLOH FRQGXFWRUXO /($ SHVWH 9 VH DIO OD t = -5& FX FKLFLXU iar cel al LEA sub 1000 V la t = -5& I U FKLFLXU DPEHOH FRQGXFWRDUH VH DIO OD t = +40C.
67
FLJXUD D QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO SHVWH 9
68
FLJXUD E QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH /($ FX WHQVLXQHD QRPLQDO VXE 9
68
12.5. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE CONDUCTELE SUPRATERANE

12.5.1. Prin conducte supraterane VH vQ HOHJ FRQGXFWHOH PHWDOLFH VDX GLQ EHWRQ DUPDW vQFKLVH VDX GHVFKLVH VLWXDWH OD R FRW PDL ULGLFDW VDX FHO SX LQ HJDO FX FRWD solului. 12.5.2. Conductele supraterane se mpart n: a) Conducte supraterane de fluide neinflamabile WUDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH DFHVWH FRQGXFWH VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL D ILJXUD FX H[FHS LD FRQGXFWHORU GHVWLQDWH LULJD LLORU care se vor trata conform punctului 12.21.; b) Conducte supraterane de lichide inflamabile WUDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID se vor trata conform tabelului 12.5.b (figura 12.5.); c) Conducte supraterane de gaze inflamabile WUDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID se vor trata conform tabelului 12.5.c (figura 12.5.). GH DFHVWH FRQGXFWH GH DFHVWH FRQGXFWH
12.6. TRECEREA LEA PRIN ZONE CU CIRCULATIE FRECVENTA

7UHFHUHD SULQ ]RQH FX FLUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW VH YD WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL
12.7. TRECEREA LEA PRIN ZONE DE CULTURI PE SPALIERE METALICE SI PESTE NGRADIRI METALICE
12.7.1. 7UHFHUHD /($ SULQ ]RQH FX FXOWXUL SH VSDOLHUH PHWDOLFH L SHVWH vQJU GLUL PHWDOLFH FX FDUDFWHU SHUPDQHQW DIHUHQWH ORFXLQ HORU FLPLWLUHORU HWF VH YD WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL . (figura 12.7.).
70
Tipul mijlocului de transport
7DEHOXO QFUXFL ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH PLMORDFHOH GH WUDQVSRUW SH FDEOX VXVSHQGDW QFUXFL UL 'LVWDQ H minime (m)
Simbol Tensiunea QRPLQDO D liniei

6H YRU HYLWD vQFUXFL ULOH vQWUH /($ L IXQLFXODUH Q VLWXD LL REOLJDWH DVWIHO GH vQFUXFL UL VH admit cu recomandarea ca LEA V WUDYHUVH]H IXQLFXODUXO Q DFHVW FD] VH LDX XUP WRDUHle P VXUL GH VLJXUDQ
&RQGL LLOH GH FDOFXO DOH GLVWDQ HL SH YHUWLFDO 6 JHDWD PD[LP

de Ruperea unui conductor n
2).
'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO vQWUH conductorul inferior al /($ L FDEOX 3,00 1,00 4,00 1,00 5,00 2,00 6,00 3,00
'LVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH RULFH SDUWH D IXQLFXODUXOXL L marginea celui mai apropiat stlp: D1
Apropieri
H1 H2 H1
2).
Funiculare (vezi paragraful 12.4.4)
20 kV < Un 110 kV
Un = 220 kV
- 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP paragrafului 11.3. - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH L]RODWRDUH 1) UHVSHFWLY OHJ WXUL GXEOH vQ FD]XO izolatoarelor suport - Elementele funicularului se vor OHJD OD S PkQW n cazurile n care LEA VXEWUDYHUVHD] IXQLFXOarul, P VXULOH GH VLJXUDQ SODVH GH SURWHF LH SRGXUL protectoare etc.) se iau n comun DFRUG FX DXWRULW LOH vQ DGPLQLVWUD LD F URUD VH J VHWH acesta.
6 JHDWD PD[LP
Ruperea unui conductor n
6 JHDWD PD[LP
H2 H1
bWX
bc
Yà
ebX
bd
`f
Ruperea unui conductor n deschi
2).
H2 H1
6 JHDWD PD[LP
Ruperea unui conductor n
2).
Un = 400 kV
H2
Q WRDWH FD]XULOH GLVWDQ D vQWUH FHD PDL DSURSLDW IXQGD LH VDX SUL] Ge OHJDUH OD S PkQW D XQXL VWkOS /($ L SUL]D GH S PkQW D IXQLFXODUXOXL D2, va fi de minimum 20 m.
bc
bWX
bc
Yà
Teleferice (vezi paragraf 12.4.4)
1 kV < Un 400 kV
6H LQWHU]LF vQFUXFL ULOH vQWUH /($ L WHOHIHULFH
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHcanice. 2) 1X VH DSOLF OLQLLORU FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW
ebX
bd
`f
ebX
bd
`f
dDma
1 kV < Un 20 kV
Q O LPHD VWkOSXOXL deasupra solului plus 3 m. $FHDVW GLVWDQ SRDWH IL UHGXV FX DFRUGXO DXWRULW LORU vQ DGPLQLVWUD LD F URUD VH J VHWH IXQLFXODUXO
0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH 'HVFKLGHULOH UHDOH OD vQF UF UL vQF YHUWLFDOH D<Da YkQW L UF UL FHOH GH QX YRU GHSDL GLQ dimensionare ale stlpilor. La funiculare aceste apropieri se vor evita. n cazuri obligate, cu acordul organelor competente se YRU WUDWD FD vQFUXFLDUH H[FHSWkQG d < Dma P VXUD SHQWUX WLSXO VWkOSXOXL /($ FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW L FHD prLYLWRDUH OD LQWHU]LFHUHD vQQ GLULL conductoarelor. La teleferice aceste apropieri se interzic. D - GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO GH OD D[XO /($ SkQ OD FDEOXO SXUW WRU Da - GLVWDQ D GH DSURSLHUH - vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD solului a celui mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 10 m. d - GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH FRQGXctorul H[WUHP DO /($ OD GHYLD LD PD[LP L FDEOXO SXUW WRU Dma - GLVWDQ D PLQLP GH DSURSLHUH HJDO FX 12,00 m 1 kV < Un U110 kV; 13,00 m Un = 220 kV; 14,00 m Un = 400 kV.
D Da
'LVWDQ H
WX
bc
Yà
ebX
bd
`f
71
FLJXUD QFUXFL ULOH L WUDYHUV ULOH ID GH PLMORDFHOH GH WUDQVSRUW SH FDEOX VXVSHQGDW
Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx 72
7DEHOXO D 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXSUDWHUDQH GH IOXLGH QHLQIOamabile. 7UDYHUV UL
Tensiunea QRPLQDO a liniei
&RQGL LL GH calcul ale GLVWDQ HL SH YHUWLFDO
Simbol
H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2
'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO ntre conductorul LQIHULRU DO /($ L FRQGXFW

Valoare 3,50 1,00 4,00 1,00 5,00 2,00 6,00 3,00
'LVWDQ H PLQLPH >P@
'LVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO D1, ntre ED]D FHOXL PDL DSURSLDW VWkOS L peretele conductei
r` x b
6H UHFRPDQG FD GLVWDQ D V ILH PDL PDUH GHFkW vQ O LPHD VWkOSXOXL deasupra solului, plus 3 m.
Apropieri
qpd
tWc
tc
1 kV<Un U20 kV
f d bX t i` c eh a` b t c it ` b a a b ` t w d fb wd i X c d b t
La LEA: paragrafului 11.3. 4); -
ebX
1)
3).
d w X d i f a wf bwv tfh tX t a dc ` id X i p W b i bd ebd u à d ic h bd ebc bd Wc dv v id ` F` c `f v t pf WX v i bi b
20 kV <Un U110 kV
izolatoarelor suport. :

3).
d tWv Xdv bcw ` bi d bX c ta d w Xw t fa v t c ` X i b bv ` tX c b e t i
3).
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH 2) Q FD]XULOH vQ FDUH FRQGXFWD HVWH SURWHMDW FDWRGLF VDX H[LVW DOWH PRWLYH DOH SURLHFWDQWXOXL VDX EHQHILFLDUXOXL SHQWUX FDUH FRQGXFWD QX SRDWH IL OHJDW OD S PkQW VH YD PRQWD XQ GLVSR]LWLY GH JDUG SULQ DVLPLODUH FX SUHYHGHULOH 67$6 3) 1X VH UHIHU OD /($ FX L]RODWRDUH VXSRUW 4) 6H H[FHSWHD] OLQLLOH H[LVWHQWH OD FDUH QX VH UHDOL]HD] FRQGL LD FD GHVFKLGHULOH UHDOH OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH V ILH PDL PDUL GH GLQ FHOH GH GLPHQVLRQDUH DOH VWkOSLORU vQ DFHVWH FD]XUL SURWHF LD VH YD UHDOL]D SULQ PRQWDUHD XQXL GLVSR]LWLY GH JDUG SULQ DVLPLODUH Fu prevederile STAS 6290.
ebX
b bg bX w w ic ec pdh td f bX i ` tpW bf c `v Xw bf f a t ic tX b i e` g c id bd
Un =400 kV
Rp= 10 ; conductei se va verifica la
2)
3).
c W id ebb a `` bcw ` id i b c bc i g pX ` g X w fw d c de p u f`
`f
t bf bw c
`f
h a a d W ` ` a id Wf id b fd v d ed `` w d bc p `f t w ` ` ` f p a qpd id ` j bdv p f cwv u `v ic ` bwX bc bc f a bh b i t bd b Xw bwX c i Xt f a t i tX qb i ic g b ` bpd

Dma 5,00 m 1 kV < Un 110 kV; 6,00 m Un = 220 kV; 7,00 m Un = 400 kV.
Un =220 kV
Q WRDWH FD]XULOH GLVWDQ D ntre cea PDL DSURSLDW IXQGD LH VDX SUL] GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW D XQXL VWkOS /($ L SUL]D GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW D conductei, D2, va fi de minimum 20 m.
pf i pwf id i vd dc bd i
d à
bh
W id
bd
pf di
ebX
`f
bd
bd
gh
qpd
id
a ` W` Wf id f id d a df bdv b ic qd cwv t ` bc h b f u `v ` bc pbd b i a b bd bXwf tWv a cd tX wW b i ` t g t` d

73
intermediul unei platbande de
hb
bd
AFHDVW GLVWDQ SRDWH IL UHGXV vQ FD]XUL REOLJDWH SkQ OD P FX SUHFL]DUHD F vQ FD]XO OLQLLORU QRL GHVFKLGHULOH UHDOH OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH QX YRU GHS L GLQ FHOH GH dimensionare ale stlpilor.
bvW
bd
gh
qpd
id
Wf id
y Dma
D Da
bX i ` b cp ` i
D<Da
din cele de dimensionare ale stlpilor. Aceste apropieri se vor evita. n cazuri obligate, se vor trata ca o traversare
`f
d < Dma
f i a
LEA. DDa - d celui mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m. d-
wi
pa
ebX
`f
bd
gh
qpd
id
dc
vi` t W i v w ` c
qb
Xv
tWc
dv
t ic
fb
ebc bc Xd i ` bd b bf df t X ewc cX a vb c a` `f u ` ef i
uf ` X cX c`
bc `
bWX r
w c
Xw f
Yà
bX i ` b df u `v cw
à s bh
W`
bd
gh
id
7DEHOXO E 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXSUDWHUDQH GH OLFKLGH LQIODPDELOH 7UDYHUV UL 'LVWDQ H D Da dDma1 Apropieri 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH 'HVFKLGHULOH UHDOH OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH QX YRU GHS L GLQ FHOH de dimensionare ale stlpilor. - 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL H[FHSWkQG P VXUD SUHY ]XW pentru stlpii LEA cu izolatoare suport. - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH L]RODWRDUH 1), respectiv OHJ WXUL GXEOH vQ FD]XO L]RODWRDUHORU VXSort.
Tipul conductei Conducte de WUDQVSRUW L FRQGXFWH vQWUH schHOH L UDILQ ULL VDX SXQFWH GH vQF UFDUH Q FD]XUL H[FHS LRQDOH VH DGPLW DVWIHO GH WUDYHUV UL FX DFRUGXO DXWRULW LORU vQ DGPLQLVWUD LD F URUD VH J VHWH FRQGXFWD OXkQGX-se P VXUL GH VLJXUDQ FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH Alte conducte 6H YRU HYLWD WUDYHUV ULOH /($ peste aceste conducte. (OH VH DGPLW vQ FRQGL LLOH indicate n tabelul 12.5.a, categoria 7UDYHUV UL. Se interzice traversarea.
Dma2Ud< Dma1
D < Da
dTDma2
Aceste apropieri se interzic.
d - GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO H[WHUQ DO /($ OD GHYLD LD OXL PD[LP L SHUHWHOH FRQGXFWHL Dma1, Dma2 - GLVWDQ H PLQLPH GH DSURSLHUH DYkQG YDORULOH din tabelul de mai jos: 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO Dma1 Dma2 a liniei (kV) (m) (m) 15,00 5,00 1 kV < Un U 110 kV 16,00 6,00 Un = 220 kV 17,00 7,00 Un = 400 kV 6H YRU OXD P VXUL SHQWUX HYLWDUHD LQIOXHQ HORU HOHFWURPDJQHWLFH vQ FRQGXFW
Da - GLVWDQ D GH DSURSLHUH - vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D celui mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m.
D - GLVWDQ D vQWUH D[XO /($ L SHUHWHOH FRQGXFWHL
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH FkQG VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH.
74
7DEHOXO F 7UDYHUV UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXSUDWHUDQH GH JD]H LQIODPDELOH 7UDYHUV UL 'LVWDQ H D Da dDma1 Apropieri 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH -
'HVFKLGHULOH UHDOH OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH QX YRU GHS L GLQ FHOH de dimensionare ale stlpilor. - 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL H[FHSWkQG P VXUD SUHY ]XW pentru stlpii LEA cu izolatoare suport. - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH L]RODWRDUH 1), respectiv OHJ WXUL GXEOH vQ FD]XO L]RODWRDUHORU VXSRUW
Conducte de transport Q FD]XUL H[FHS LRQDOH Ve DGPLW DVWIHO GH WUDYHUV UL FX DFRUGXO DXWRULW LORU vQ DGPLQLVWUD LD F URUD VH J VHWH FRQGXFWD OXkQGX-se P VXUL GH VLJXUDQ FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH &RQGXFWH GH GLVWULEX LH uzinale tehnologice Se interzice traversarea.
dTDma2
Dma2Ud<Dma1
Tipul conductei D < Da
Aceste apropieri se interzic.
6H YRU HYLWD WUDYHUV ULOH /($ peste aceste conducte. Ele se DGPLW vQ FRQGL LLOH indicate n tabelul 12.5.a, categoria 7UDYHUV UL.
d - GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO H[WUHP DO /($ OD GHYLD LD OXL PD[LP L SHUHWHOH FRQGXFWHL
Da - GLVWDQ D GH DSURSLHUH - vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D celui mai nalt stlp din zona de apropiere, plus 3 m.
D - GLVWDQ D vQWUH D[XO /($ L SHUHWHOH FRQGXFWHL
Dma1, Dma2 - GLVWDQ H PLQLPH GH DSURSLHUH DYkQG YDORULOH din tabelul de mai jos: 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO Dma1 Dma2 a liniei (kV) (m) (m) 1 kV < Un U 110 kV 15,00 5,00 16,00 6,00 Un = 220 kV 17,00 7,00 Un = 400 kV 6H YRU OXD P VXUL SHQWUX HYLWDUHD LQIOXHQ HORU HOHFWURPDJQHWLFH vQ FRQGXFW
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH FkQG VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH
75
)LJXUD 7UDYHUV UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXSUDWHUDQH
76
7DEHOXO 7UHFHUHD /($ SULQ ]RQH FX FLUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW 7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH
1)
'LVWDQ D PLQLP SH YHUWLFDO vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO LQIHULRU DO /($ OD V JHDWD PD[LP L VRO
1 kV < Un U 110 kV
Linii echipate cu izolatoare suport
- 'HVFKLGHULOH UHDOH DOH VWkOSLORU OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH QX YRU GHS L GLQ cele de dimensionare ale stlpilor. - Prinderea conductorului de izolator se va realiza SULQ OHJ WXUL GXEOH 2). - 6HF LXQL PLQLPH GH FRQGXFWRDUH FRQIRUP paragrafului 11.3. (tabel 11.1.). - 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL excluzndu-VH P VXUD LQWHU]LFHULL vQQ GLULORU - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH L]RODWRDUH H[FHSWkQG - FD]XULOH FkQG VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH din considerente mecanice; - GHVFKLGHULOH GLQWUH VWkOSLL WHUPLQDOL DL /($ L FDGUHOH FO GLULOH VWD LLORU HOHFWULce. - ODQ XUL FX L]RODWRDUH FRPSR]LWH I U SLHVH PHWDOLFH GLQ IRQW WXUQDW
h (m)
7,00
Linii echipate cu ODQ XUL GH izolatoare
Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV
8,00 9,00
'DF FRQGXFWRUXO OD GHYLD LD PD[LP VH DIO GHDVXSUD FO GLULL WUHFHUHD VH YD WUDWD FD WUDYHUVDUH conform tabelului 12.8. ([FHSWkQG L]RODWRDUHOH VXSRUW GLQ PDWHULDOH FRPSR]LWH Q DFHVW FD] VH YD IDFH R OHJ WXU GH VLJXUDQ SHQWUX vPSLHGLFDUHD F GHULL FRQGXFWRUXOXL OD VRO 7DEHOXO 7UHFHUHD /($ SHVWH FXOWXUL SH VSDOLHUH PHWDOLFH L SHVWH vQJU GLUL PHWDOLFH TensiXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH
- 'HVFKLGHULOH UHDOH DOH VWkOSLORU OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW L vQF UF UL YHUWLFDOH QX YRU GHS L din cele de dimensionare ale stlpilor. - 1LYHOXO GH L]ROD LH VH YD P UL FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL 11.2 1), iar izolatoarele vor fi dH WLS QHVWU SXQJLELO - 6HF LXQL PLQLPH GH FRQGXFWRDUH FRQIRUP paragrafului 11.3. (tabel 11.1.). - /HJ WXUL GXEOH - 3URWHF LH P ULW FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL excluzndu-VH P VXUD LQWHU]LFHULL vQQ GLULORU - 1LYHOXO GH L]ROD LH P ULW FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL 11.2. 2).
h (m)
'LVWDQ D PLQLP SH YHUWLFDO vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO LQIHULRU DO /($ OD V JHDWD PD[LP L SDUWHD VXSHULRDU sol a spalierului sau vQJU GLULL
H (m)
1 kV < Un U 110 kV
Linii echipate cu izolatoare suport
6,00
3,00
Linii echipate cu ODQ XUL GH izolatoare

Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV
7,00 8,00
4,00 5,00
1) Q FD]XO vQ FDUH QX VH SRDWH P UL QLYHOXO GH L]ROD LH VWkOSLL VH YRU OHJD OD S PkQW FRQIorm prevederilor SHQWUX ]RQH FX FLUFXOD LH IUHFYHQW GLQ 67$6 L 1X VH DSOLF DFHDVW SUHYHGHUH GDF VH vQGHSOLQHWH XQD GLQ XUP WRDUHOH FRQGL LL UH HDXD IXQF LRQHD] FX QXOXO OHJDW OD S PkQW VDX VWkOSXO VH DIO OD FHO SX LQ P ID GH VSDOLHUe. 2) ([FHSWkQG FD]XO vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH
77
)LJXUD 7UHFHUHD /($ SHVWH FXOWXUL SH VSDOLHUH PHWDOLFH L SHVWH vQJUDGLUL PHWDOLFH
78
12.8.1. &O GLULOH VH vPSart n: a) &O GLUL ORFXLWH, categorie n care sunt cuprinse: &O GLUL LQGXVWULDOH &O GLUL GH ORFXLW &O GLULOH DQH[H DOH JRVSRG ULLORU VLWXDWH vQ SHULPHWUXO FLUFXODW DO FXU LORU b) &O GLUL QHORFXLWH FDWHJRULH vQ FDUH VXQW FXSULQVH FO GLULOH L]RODWH GH LPSRUWDQ VHFXQGDU VLWXDWH vQ DIDUD SHULPHWUXOXL FLUFXODW DO FXU LORU JDUDMXUL FRWH H KDPEDUH PDJD]LL JKH ULL HWF L FDUH QX VXQW GHVWLQDWH DG SRVWLULL SHUPDQHQWH GH RDPHQL L DQLPDOH 12.8.2. 3ULQ WUDYHUVDUHD XQHL /($ SHVWH R FO GLUH VH vQ HOHJH VLWXD LD vQ FDUH FRQGXFWRUXO /($ vQ SR]L LH QRUPDO VDX OD GHYLD LD PD[LP VH J VHWH GHDVXSUD SHULPHWUXOXL FO GLULL L VH WUDWHD] FRQIRUP punctului 12.8.3. 7RDWH FHOHODOWH FD]XUL GH YHFLQ WDWH D XQHL /($ FX R FO GLUH VXQW FRQVLGHUDWH DSURSLHUL 12.8.3. 6H YRU HYLWD SH FkW SRVLELO WUDYHUV ULOH /($ FX WHQVLXQL QRPLQDOH SHVWH 9 SHVWH FO GLUL locuite sau nelocuite. 7UDYHUVDUHD SHVWH FO GLULOH ORFXLWH VH SRDWH DGPLWH QXPDL vQ FD]XUL REOLJDWH FX DFRUGXO forului superior al organului de exploatare al LEA L FX UHVSHFWDUHD XUP WRDUHORU P VXUL VXSOLPHQWDUH WHQVLXQHD /($ WUHEXLH V ILH PDL PDUH VDX HJDO FX N9 vQYHOLWRDUHD DFRSHULXOXL FO GLULL WUHEXLH V ILH QHLQIODPDELO vQ FD]XO vQYHOLWRULORU PHWDOLFH HVWH QHFHVDU OHJDUHD ORU OD S PkQW Se vD HYLWD DPSODVDUHD VWkOSLORU /($ FX WHQVLXQL GH N9 L PDL PXOW vQ LQWHULRUXO SHULPHWUXOXL FLUFXODW DO FXU LORU Q FD]XUL REOLJDWH DFHVWH DPSODV UL VXQW DGPLVH FX DFRUGXO SURSULHWDUXOXL 12.8.4. 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH /($ ID GH FO GLUL VH YRU Wrata conform tabelului 12.8. (figura 12.8.), FX H[FHS LD FO GLULORU GHVWLQDWH LQVWDOD LLORU HQHUJHWLFH FDUH VH WUDWHD] FRQIRUP QRUPDWLYXOXL 3(
12.8. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE CLADIRI
7UDYHUV ULOH WUHFHULOH L DSURSLHULOH /($ ID WDEHOXOXL ILJXULOH D E L F
12.9. TRAVERSARI, TRECERI SI APROPIERI FATA DE PODURI, BARAJE, DIGURI
GH SRGXUL EDUDMH L GLJXUL VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP
3ULQ WUHFHUH VH vQ HOHJH DPSODVDUHD /($ GH-a lungul podurilor, digurilor sau barajelor.
79
Tipul FO GLULL
Tensiunea QRPLQDO D OLQLHL

1 kV < Un < 110 kV
7DEHOXO 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH FO GLUL 7UDYHUV UL FRQIRUP SDUDJUDIXOXL 'LVWDQ D vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO /($ vQ RULFH SR]L LH L RULFH SDUWH D FO GLULL >P@ 0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ 'LVWDQ D SkQ OD L SURWHF LH &RQGL LL GH calcul Orice parte
Simbol Se interzice trecerea LEA cu 1 kV < Un < N9 SHVWH FO GLUL ORFXLWH 6 JHDWD PD[LP H1 4,00 H2 Ruperea unui La LEA: conductor ntr-o 3,00 H2 H1 GHVFKLGHUH YHFLQ - 3URWHF LH P ULW conform paragrafului 6 JHDWD PD[LP H1 5,00 H2 11.3; - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH Ruperea unui izolatoare.1) conductor ntr-o 4,00 H 2 H 1 GHVFKLGHUH YHFLQ /D FO GLUL: 6 JHDWD PD[LP H1 7,00 H2 - $FRSHULXULOH metalice se vor lega la Ruperea unui S PkQW conductor ntr-o 5,00 H 2 H 1 GHVFKLGHUH YHFLQ La LEA: - Nivel de izROD LH P ULW FRQIRUP paragrafului 11.4 1) - Interzicerea vQQ GLULORU 6 JHDWD PD[LP 6 JHDWD PD[LP 6 JHDWD PD[LP 6 JHDWD PD[LP H1 H1 H1 H1 3,00 3,00 4,00 6,00 D FO GLULL
Simbol
Apropieri
Antena radio sau TV 3,00 2,00 4,00 3,00 5,00 4,00 -
Un = 110 kV &O GLUL ORFXLWH
Un = 220 kV
0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH 1X VH LDX GDF QX d Dma FRQVWLWXLH ]RQ ORFXLW Aceste apropieri se vor d < Dma WUDWD FD WUDYHUV UL d - GLVWDQ D vQWUH FRQGXFWRUXO H[WUHP DO /($ OD GHYLD LD OXL PD[LP L Fea mai DSURSLDW SDUWH D FO GLULL I U V constituie traversare. Dma - GLVWDQ D PLQLP GH DSURSLHUH DYkQG tabelul de mai jos: Dma [m]
'LVWDQ H
Un = 400 kV
1 kV < Un < 110 kV

1 kV < Un U 20 kV 20 kV < Un U 110 kV Un= 220 kV Un= 400 kV
&O GLUL locuite 3,00 4,00 5,00 7,00
&O GLUL nelocuite 3,00 3,00 4,00 6,00
&O GLUL nelocuite
Un = 110 kV Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV
1) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH
80
)LJXUD 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH FO GLUL
81
7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH DSH L FXUVXUL GH DS VH YRU WUDWD FRQIRUP WDEHOXOXL ILJXUD LQkQG VHDPD L GH SUHYHGHULOH /HJLL $pelor nr. 107/96. 12.10.2. n sensul 'HFUHWXOXL SULYLQG FRQGL LLOH GH VWDELOLUH D WHUHQXULORU GH DHURQDXWLF D ]RQHORU GH VLJXUDQ L D VHUYLWX LORU DHURQDXWLFH /($ FX vQ O LPHD SHVWH P FDUH WUDYHUVHD] FXUVXULOH SULQFLSDOH GH DS FXUVXUL FX R OXQJLPH GH SHVWH NP WUHEXLH V ILH EDOL]DWH GXS FXP XUPHD] conductoarele superioare din deschiderea de traversare cu balizaj de zi; VWkOSLL GH WUDYHUVDUH FX EDOL]DM GH ]L LDU FkQG vQ O LPHD ORU GHS HWH P OD LQGLFD LD 0$S1 L cu balizaj de noapte.
12.10. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE APE SI CURSURI DE APA
12.11. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE CONDUCTELE SUBTERANE

Q FD]XO WUDYHUV ULORU L DSURSLHULORU /($ ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXEWHUDQH GLVWDQ D OD FHD PDL DSURSLDW IXQGD LH VDX SUL] GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW D XQXL VWkOS /($ SkQ OD FRQGXFW YD IL GH PLQLPXP P FX XUP WRDUHOH H[FHS LL
Pentru conductele subterane de fluide inflamabile JD]H L HL SURGXVH SHWUROLHUH GLVWDQ D PLQLP YD IL GH P HD SRDWH IL UHGXV vQ FD]XUL REOLJDWH SkQ OD P FX DFRUGXO EHQHILFLDUXOXL FRQGXctei; Pentru conductele de transport de gaze inflamabile vQ SRU LXQLOH GH WUDVHX vQ FDUH DFHVWH FRQGXFWH sunt considerate de categoria a II-D GLQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO VLJXUDQ HL VH YD UHVSHFWD R GLVWDQ HJDO FX vQ O LPHD VWkOSXOXL GHDVXSUD VROXOXL DFHDVW GLVWDQ SRDWH IL UHGXV vQ FD]XUL REOLJDWH FX DFRUGXO beneficiarului conductei.
3HQWUX FRQGXFWHOH GH FDWHJRULD , VLWXDWH vQ ]RQH vQ FDUH VXQW SUHY ]XWH OD FRQVWUXF LD ORU P VXUL constructive speciale de limitare a efectelor exploziilor, dLVWDQ HOH YRU IL FHOH GH OD DOLQLDWXO SUHFHGHQW
Pentru FRQGXFWHOH GH LULJD LL, conform punctului 12.21.; Pentru alte categorii de conducte vQWkOQLWH SH WUDVHHOH OLQLLORU DSDU LQkQG GLIHUL LORU EHQHILFLDUL GLVWDQ D VH YD VWDELOL GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX DXWRULW LOH FRPSHWHQWH
$UP WXULOH PHWDOLFH VXSUDWHUDQH DOH FRQGXFWHORU VXEWHUDQH UHJXODWRDUH UHIXODWRDUH YDQH HWF vor fi tratate ca elemente de conducte supraterane.
12.12. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE INSTALATIILE DE EXTRACTIE DE PETROL SI GAZE NATURALE

6H LQWHU]LF WUDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH LQVWDOD LLOH GH IRUDM L H[WUDF LH GH SHWURO L JD]H 6H LQWHU]LFH DSURSLHUHD D[XOXL /($ GH RULFH SDUWH D XQHL LQVWDOD LL GH IRUDM L H[WUDF LH OD R GLVWDQ PDL PLF GHFkW [ vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D FHOXL PDL vQDOW VWkOS GLQ DSURSLHUH ID GH OLPLWD ]RQHL vQ FDUH H[LVW PHGLX FX SHULFRO GH H[SOR]LH &D]XULOH REOLJDWH vQ FDUH DFHDVW GLVWDQ organele interesate.
QX VH SRDWH UHVSHFWD VH YRU WUDWD GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX
82
Tabelul 12.9. 7UDYHUV ULOH WUHFHULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH SRGXUL EDUDMH L GLJXUL 7UDYHUV UL L WUHFHUL 7UDYHUV UL Treceri 1)
'LVWDQ H PLQLPH SH YHUWLFDO P
Tipul FRQVWUXF LHL
'LVWDQ D h ntre conductorul /($ OD V JHDW PD[LP L SDUWHD FLUFXODW a podului, digului sau barajului
7,00 2)
'LVWDQ D H ntre conductorul LEA n RULFH SR]L LH L RULFH parte a FRQVWUXF LHL
3,00
DiVWDQ D h ntre conductorul /($ OD V JHDWD PD[LP L SDUWHD FLUFXODW a podului, digului sau barajului
7,00 2)
'LVWDQ H PLQLPH SH YHUWLFDO P
'LVWDQ D H ntre conductorul LEA n RULFH SR]L LH L orice parte a FRQVWUXF LHL
3,00
Apropieri
UnU110 kV
podului (trafic feroviar, rutier sau
mnx o ur u~ n }
wx r q v o mn o p {w m z {w mn v o zw m z u o r {w u v {q q nw
Poduri
Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV
etc.) se vor lua
Accesibile
'LJXUL L EDUDMH
autovehicolelor,
cu drumuri deschise publice4)
Un = 400 kV Un U110 kV Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV -
8,00 4) 5,00 6,00 7,00
5,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 -
8,00 4) 5,00 6,00 7,00
5,00 3,00 4,00 5,00
Accesibile numai
5,00 m Un 110 kV; 6,00 m Un = 220 kV; 7,00 m Un = 400 kV.
xn o
m {q
1) 3ULQ WUHFHUH VH vQ HOHJH vQ VHQVXO SUH]HQWXOXL WDEHO DPSODVDUHD /($ GH-D OXQJXO SRGXULORU GLJXULORU VDX EDUDMHORU (OH VXQW SHUPLVH QXPDL FX DFRUGXO DXWRULW LORU FRPSHWHQWH 2) 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO SkQ OD FDOHD IHUDW VDX SDUWHD FDURVDELO D SRGXOXL VH YD OXD FRQIRUP WDEHOHORU L FkQG FRQGXFWRUXO vQ SR]L LH QRUPDO VDX GHYLDW VH VLWXHD] GHDVXSUD SHULPHWUXOXL S U LL FLUFXODWH 3) ([FHSWkQG FD]XULOH FkQG VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHnte mecanice. 4) 7UDYHUV ULOH VDX WUHFHULOH /($ SHVWH VDX SH GLJXUL VDX EDUDMH SH FDUH VH GHVI RDU R FLUFXOD LH SHUPDQHQW GH YHKLFXOH VH YRU WUDWD DQDORJ FX WUDYHUVDUHD VDX WUHFHUHD /($ SHVWH VDX SH SRGXUL DWkW GLQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO P VXULORU GH VLJXUDQ FkW L DO GLVWDQ HORU PLQLPH Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx
83
nw v
ow
l zw
ot
4)
4)
Dma -
t ~o
mw v
nw
xn o
m {q
ow
Un U110 kV Un = 220 kV
6,00 7,00 4)
4)
3,00 4,00
6,00 7,00 4)
4)
3,00 4,00
xn o
m {q
ow
tabelelor 12.1., 12.2., respectiv 12.6.
8,00 2) 9,00 2)
4,00 5,00
afara zonelor carosabile sau cu pietoni. paragrafului 11.3. 3) , -
'LVWDQ H d Dma d < Dma
xn o m {q t ow w l zw | nv
n vo
u~
nu wx v
ow
ur
8,00 2) 9,00 2)
4,00 5,00
}l
nwlt
cazul izolatoarelor suport. - Stlpii de trecere de pe mal pe pod vor fi de tip ntindere.
dconductorul extrem al LEA n orice po
s ot l kl op nu mnqr m wx v no
-
- LEA se vor monta n afara
}w v o
n vo
sr yo
de
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ow
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Se vor trata ca treceri
ow
)LJXUD D 7UDYHUV ULOH WUHFHULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH SRGXUL

84
)LJXUD E 7UDYHUV ULOH WUHFHULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH EDUDMH
85
)LJXUD F 7UDYHUV ULOH WUHFHULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH GLJuri.
86
7DEHOXO 7UDYHUV UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH DSH L FXUVXUL GH DSH
Specificul cursurilor sau DFXPXO ULORU GH DS
0 VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L SURWHF LH 1)
- n zonele ORFDOLW LORU L n zonele amonte ale OXFU ULORU hidrotehnice, dispuse transversal pe albie - n celelalte zone - Care permite QDYLJD LD PDULWLP - &X QDYLJD LH IOXYLDO - 5kXUL L FDQDOH navigabile cu trafic intens - 5kXUL L canale navigabile cu trafic redus - Lacuri de acumulare
7UDYHUV UL Apropieri 'LVWDQ H PLQLPH P 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO H, ntre conductorul 'LVWDQ D SH iQIHULRU DO /($ OD V JHDWD PD[LP L RUL]RQWDO D, nivelul maxim al apei cu asigurare 1% ntre axul [m] /($ L PDO (m) UnU110 kV Un=220 kV Un=400 kV
Nenavigabile
7,00
8,00
9,00
Nu se impune
5,00
- 3URWHF LH P ULW conform paragrafului 11.3. - /DQ XUL GXEOH GH izolatoare, respectiv OHJ WXUL Guble, n cazul izolatoarelor suport 2); - Locurile de traversare se vor marca cu semne speciale, conform SUHVFULS LLORU QDYLJD LLORU FLYLOH
6,00
7,00
G + 1,00 3)
G + 2,00 3)
G + 4,00 3)
6H DSOLF prevederile coloanei 'LVWDQ HL minime pentru apropieri din tabelul 12.2.a, utiliznd n ORFXO QR LXQLL de limita amprizei drumului QR LXQHD GH plan vertical la malul apei.
1) 0DULOH WUDYHUV UL VH YRU WUDWD GH OD FD] OD FD] OXkQGX-VH P VXUL GH VLJXUDQ L FUHWHUHD QLYHOXOXL GH L]ROD LH ILLQG DSOLFDELO SDUDJUDIXO 2) ExcHSWkQG FD]XULOH FkQG VXQW SUHY ]XWH ODQ XUL PXOWLSOH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH PHFDQLFH 3) G HVWH JDEDULWXO GH OLEHU WUHFHUH DO QDYHORU VH YD VWDELOL vQ IXQF LH GH VSHFLILFXO QDYLJD LHL GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX DXWRULW LOH FRPSHWHQWH 2EVHUYD LH: Q DQXPLWH VLWXD LL DXWRULW LOH FRPSHWHQWH SRW V LPSXQ JDEDULWH PLQLPH vQ GUHSWXO FDQDOXOXL QDYLJDELO L QX vQ GUHSWXO SXQFWXOXL GH V JHDW PD[LP
Navigabile
87
)LJXUD 7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH DSH L FXUVXUL GH DS
88
7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH ID GH EHQ]LOH WUDQVSRUWRDUH VH YRU WUDWD SULQ DVLPLODUH FX SUHYHGHULOH tabelului 12.5.a: 7UDYHUV UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH FRQGXFWHOH VXSUDWHUDQH GH IOXLGH QHLQIODPDELOH, DWkW GLQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO P VXULORU GH VLJXUDQ FkW L DO GLVWDQ HORU PLQLPH ILJXUD
12.13. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE BENZILE TRANSPORTOARE
6H LQWHU]LF WUDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH GHSR]LWH GHVFKLVH GH VXEVWDQ H LQIODPDELOH SUHFXP L SHVWH GHSR]LWH vQFKLVH GH VXEVWDQ H FX SHULFRO GH H[SOR]LH L LQFHQGLX Q FD]XO DSURSLHULL /($ SHVWH GHSR]LWHOH FX VXEVWDQ H FRPEXVWLELOH VDX FX SHULFRO GH H[SOR]LH VDX GH LQFHQGLX VH YRU UHVSHFWD XUP WRDUHOH GLVWDQ H PLQLPH SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH D[XO /($ L RULFH SDUWH D GHSR]LWXOXL LQVWDOD LHL SHQWUX GHSR]LWH GHVFKLVH FX VXEVWDQ H FRPEXVWLELOH VROLGH vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D FHOXL PDL nalt stlp din apropiere, plus 3 m; pentru depozite de lichide sau gaze coPEXVWLELOH [ vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D FHOXL PDL vQDOW stlp din apropiere; SHQWUX GHSR]LWH L LQVWDOD LL FX SHULFRO GH H[SOR]LH VDX LQFHQGLX SUHFXP L GHSR]LWHOH GH PXQL LL [ vQ O LPHD GHDVXSUD VROXOXL D FHOXL PDL vQDOW VWkOS GLQ DSURSLHUH
12.14. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE DEPOZITE SI CLADIRI CU SUBSTANTE INFLAMABILE, CU PERICOL DE EXPLOZIE SAU INCENDIU
12.15. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE AEROPORTURI

12.15.1. Se interzice traversarea cu LEA peste aeroporturi. /D DSURSLHUHD /($ GH DHURSRUWXUL VH YRU OXD P VXULOH FDUH VH LPSXQ SULQ WRDWH DFWHOH QRUPDWLYH vQ YLJRDUH GLQ FDUH VH PHQ LRQHD] 'HFUHWXO SULYLQG FRQGL LLOH GH VWDELOLUH D WHUHQXULORU GH DHURQDXWLF D ]RQHORU GH VLJXUDQ L VHUYLWX LORU DHURQDXWLFH. 1RUPD WHKQLF GHSDUWDPHQWDO HODERUDW GH 'HSDUWDPHQWXO $YLD LHL &LYLOH 1RUPHOH 2UJDQL]D LHL $YLD LHL &LYLOH ,QWHUQD LRQDOH.
12.16. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE INSTALATIILE DE EMISIE SI RECEPTIE DE TELECOMUNICATII PRIN NALTA FRECVENTA
6H LQWHU]LF WUDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH LQVWDOD LLOH GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL SULQ vQDOW IUHFYHQ televiziune etc.). UDGLR
12.16.2. ApropiHULOH /($ ID GH LQVWDOD LLOH GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL SULQ vQDOW IUHFYHQ VH YRU WUDWD GH FRPXQ acord cu organele interesate.
12.17. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE TERENURILE DE SPORT

$SURSLHULOH /($ ID interesate. 6H LQWHU]LF WUDYHUV ULOH /($ SHVWH WHUHQXULOH GH VSRUW RPRORJDWH. GH WHUHQXULOH GH VSRUW RPRORJDWH VH YRU WUDWD GH FRPXQ DFRUG FX RUJDQHOH
89
7UDYHUV ULOH SHVWH SDUFDMH DXWR FRQVWUuite pe platforme n aer liber se vor evita. n cazuri obligate, YRU IL WUDWDWH FD WUDYHUV UL DOH GUXPXULORU UHVSHFWLYH 'DF SDUFDMXO HVWH vQJU GLW FX JDUG PHWDOLF VH YRU OXD L P VXULOH GLQ DUWLFROXO L WDEHOXO 12.18.2. Apropierile de parcaMH DXWR FRQVWUXLWH SH SODWIRUPH vQ DHU OLEHU VH YRU WUDWD FD DSURSLHUL ID drumurile respective. GH
12.18. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE PARCAJE AUTO CONSTRUITE PE PLATFORME N AER LIBER
3ULQ WHUHQXUL QRUPDOH VH vQ HOHJ WHUHQXULOH vQ DIDUD ]RQHORU ORFXLWH DFFHVLELOH ILH WUDQVSRUWXULORU L PDLQLORU DJULFROH H[FHSWkQG GUXPXULOH ILH QXPDL FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH vQWUH FRQGXFWRDUHOH /($ L VXSUDID D WHUHQXULORU QRUPDOH VXQW FHOH SUHY ]XWH n tabelul 12.11. 12.19.2. Prin terenuri DFFLGHQWDWH VH vQ HOHJ WHUHQXULOH DFFHVLELOH QXPDL FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH VDX total inaccesibile (stnci abrupte, faleze). 'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH vQ WHUHQ DFFLGHQWDW GH OD FRQGXFWRDUHOH vQ SR]L LH GHYLDW VXE DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL OD SDQWHOH WHUHQXOXL OD SRYkUQLurile stncilor etc. sunt cele indicate n tabelul 12.11. 7DEHOXO 7UDYHUV UL L DSURSLHUL ID GH WHUHQXUL Caracteristicile zonei traversate de linii Terenurile din afara zonelor locuite, DFFHVLELOH WUDQVSRUWXULORU L PDLQLORU DJULFROH GUXPXUL GH XWLOLWDWH SULYDW =RQH DFFHVLELOH QXPDL FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH Zone neaccesibile FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH (stnci abrupte, faleze).
12.19. TRAVERSARI SI APROPIERI FATA DE TERENURILE NORMALE SI TERENURILE ACCIDENTATE
7HQVLXQHD QRPLQDO D OLQLHL Un (kV) 1 < Un U 20 110 220 'LVWDQ D PLQLP P 6,00 4,50 2,50 6,00 5,00 3,00 7,00 6,00 4,00
400 8,00 7,00 5,00
/D WUHFHUHD /($ SULQ ]RQHOH vPS GXULWH L SULQ WHUHQXULOH GHVWLQDWH OXFU ULORU DJULFROH VH YRU OXD P VXULOH SUHY ]XWH vQ 'HFUHWXO /HJHD SURWHF LHL PHGLXOXL L 28* 6XSUDIH HOH GH WHUHQ DJULFRO VDX VLOYLF QHFHVDUH FRQVWUXLULL UHSDU ULL L H[SORDW ULL /($ VXQW stabilite n normativul PE 123.
12.20. TRECEREA LEA PRIN PADURI SI TERENURI AGRICOLE
12.21. 75$9(56 5, , $3523,(5, )$ FUNCIARE
'( ,167$/$ ,,/( '( 0%81 7
,5,
QFUXFLDUHD OLQLLORU HOHFWULFH DHULHQH SHVWH N9 FX OXFU ULOH L LQVWDOD LLOH VLVWHPHORU GH vPEXQ W LUL IXQFLDUH VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ WUHFHUHD OLQLLORU HOHFWULFH SHVWH DFHVWHD Wraversare).
90
1&58&,$5($ /,1,,/25 (/(&75,&( $(5,(1( &8 /8&5 5,/( , ,167$/$ ,,/( '( 0%81 7 ,5, )81&,$5(
12.21.2. La traversarea liniilor electrice aeriene peste conducte supraterane, fixe, canale sau jgheaburi se YRU UHVSHFWD P VXULOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WDEHOXO 12.21.3. La traversarea LEA peste conducte ngropate de orice fel pentru transportul apei se vor respecta XUP WRDUHOH a) 'LVWDQ D PLQLP SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH PDUJLQHD IXQGD LHL VWkOSXOXL FHO PDL DSURSLDW L PDUJLQHD conductei metalice sau din beton armat, traversarea va fi de minimum 10 m pentru LEA cu tensiuni de 1- N9 LQFOXVLY L P Sentru LEA cu tensiuni de 110-400 kV inclusiv. b) 'LVWDQ D PLQLP SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH PDUJLQHD IXQGD LHL VWkOSXOXL /($ FHO PDL DSURSLDW L PDUJLQHD FHD PDL DSURSLDW D FRQGXFWHORU GLQ D]ERFLPHQW VDX SYF YD IL GH P c) Q LQFLQWD VWD LLORU GH SRPSDUH vQ FRQGL LLOH H[LVWHQ HL FRQVWUXF LLORU PHWDOLFH vPELQDWH SULQ VXGXU vQWUH WURQVRDQH GLVWDQ D PLQLP vQWUH PDUJLQHD IXQGD LHL VWkOSXOXL /($ L FRQGXFWD PHWDOLF vQJURSDW SRDWH IL UHGXV OD PLQLPXP P SHQWUX /($ FX WHQVLXQH SkQ OD N9 inclusiv. d) n zonele DIODWH VXE /($ SOXV P GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD ID GH ID]HOH H[WUHPH QX VH DGPLW LQVWDOD LL VXSUDWHUDQH SH FRQGXFWH KLGUDQ L GLVSR]LWLYH DQWLRF YDQH VXSDSH GH GH]DHULVLUH JXU GH YL]LWDUH HWF 1X HVWH DGPLV XWLOL]DUHD VXE /($ SHVWH N9 D LQVWDOD LLORU GH XGDUH PRELO FX JDEDULWH ID sol de peste 3 m.
GH
1X VH UHFRPDQG vQFUXFL UL DOH /($ SHVWH N9 FX FRQGXFWH GH XGDUH VDX FX LQVWDOD LL GH XGDUH PRELOH FX JDEDULWH ID GH VRO SkQ OD P Q VLWXD LL ELQH MXVWLILFDWH FkQG HYLWDUHD vQFUXFL ULL DU GXFH OD FKHOWXLHOL H[DJHUDWH SHQWUX VLVWHPXO GH LULJD LL VDX SHQWUX FRQVWUXF LD L H[SORDWDUHD /($ P VXULOH FH VH YRU OXD YRU IL FHOH SUHY ]XWH OD punctul 12.21.2. Tabelul 12.12. Traversarea LEA peste conducte supraterane IL[H L PRELOH FDQDOH L MJKHDEXUL
&RQGXFWRDUH DFWLYH L GH SURWHF LH Denumirea elementelor liniei &RQGL LL LPSXVH
Nr. crt. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
,]RODWRDUH FOHPH DUP WXUL Stlpi 8QJKLXO GH vQFUXFLDUH 'LVWDQ H PLQLPH a) SH YHUWLFDO OD V JHDWD PD[LP conductorului (n metri)
1kV < Un 20 kV 25kV Un 110 kV Un = 220 kV Un = 400 kV E SH RUL]RQWDO
a) &RQGXFWRDUHOH IXQLH YRU DYHD VHF LXQHD PLQLP GH PP2 b) 7UDF LXQHD vQ FRQGXFWRDUH QRUPDO Nu VH SUHY G FRQGL LL VSHFLDOH 1X VH SUHY G FRQGL LL VSHFLDOH 1X VH QRUPHD] CANALE accesibile numai DFFHVLELOH FLUFXOD LHL Conducte FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH DXWRYHKLFXOH I U D IL supraterane fixe drumuri publice L PRELOH LQVWDOD LL PRELOH GH XGDUH L jgheaburi 5,00 6,00 3,50 5,00 6,00 4,00 6,00 7,00 5,00 7,00 8,00 6,00 'LVWDQ D PLQLP vQWUH PDUJLQHD IXQGD LHL VWkOSXOXL FHO PDL DSURSLDW DO /($ L PDUJLQHD WDOX]XOXL FDQDOXOXL GLQ S PkQW VDX F SWXLWH FX EHWRQ nearmat va fi: 6 m pentru LEA cu Un = 1- 25 kV 10 m pentru LEA cu Un = 35-110 kV 15 m pentru LEA cu Un = 220-400 kV Pentru jgheaburi sau conducte supraterane din beton armat sau metalice traversate de LEA cu tensiuni peste 1 kV punctul de traversare va fi n SULPD WUHLPH D GHVFKLGHULL GLQWUH VWkOSL GDU QX OD GLVWDQ H PDL PLFL ID de stlp, dect: 6 m pentru LEA cu Un = 1- 25 kV 10 m pentru LEA cu Un = 35- 60 kV 20 m pentru LEA cu Un = 110-400 kV
91
127 1. 'LVWDQ D SH YHUWLFDO GH OD SXQFWXO D VH P VRDU GH OD XUP WRDUHOH FRWH - la canale n debleu, de la cota terenului; - la canale n rambleu de la cota coronamentului; - OD MJKHDEXUL L FRQGXFWH GH OD SHUHWHOH VXSHULRU - OD LQVWDOD LLOH GH XGDUH PRELOH GH OD SXQFWXO FHO PDL vQDOW DO LQVWDOD LHL 2. n cazul canalelor navigabile se va respecta PE 104/2002 tabel 12.10. 3. 7UDYHUV ULOH VDX WUHFHULOH /($ SHVWH FDQDOH SH FDUH VH GHVI RDU R FLUFXOD LH SHUPDQHQW GH vehicule se vor trata analog cu traversarea sau trecerea LEA peste sau pe poduri, att din punctul de vedere al m VXULORU GH VLJXUDQ FkW L DO GLVWDQ HORU PLnime (PE 104/2002 tabel 12.9). 4. 3HQWUX FD]XULOH vQ FDUH VH DGRSW JDEDULWH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH QXPDL FLUFXOD LHL SHGHVWUH VH YRU LQWURGXFH SULQ SURLHFW EDULHUH SHQWUX RSULUHD FLUFXOD LHL DXWRYehiculelor pe coronamentul canalului. PARALELISMUL NTRE LINIILE ELE&75,&( ,167$/$ ,,/( '( 0%81 7 ,5, )81&,$5( $(5,(1( &8 /8&5 5,/( ,
3URLHFWDUHD /($ SHVWH N9 vQ ]RQHOH FX OXFU UL GH vPEXQ W LUL IXQFLDUH VH YD IDFH vQ conformitate cu prevederile Decretului Consiliului de Stat pentru stabilirea normativelor privind VLVWHPDWL]DUHD DPSODVDUHD FRQVWUXLUHD L UHSDUDUHD OLQLLORU HOHFWULFH FDUH WUHF SULQ S GXUL L SULQ WHUHQXUL agricole (Decret 237/1978).
=RQD GH SURWHF LH D FDQDOHORU GH LULJD LH L GHVHF UL VH GHQXPHWH ]RQD GHOLPLWDW GH VWkOSLL /($ L SLFLRUXO WDOX]XOXL FDQDOXOXL QHFHVDU SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD VWDELOLW LL /($ L D SURWHF LHL SHUVRDQHORU L animalelor mpotriva tensiunilor accidentale ce se pot transmite de la LEA. Atunci cnd, pentru asigurarea accesului de-a lungul canalului sau asiguUDUHD H[HFX LHL OXFU ULORU GH vQWUH LQHUH VDX LQWHUYHQ LH OD FDQDO VXQW QHFHVDUH GUXPXUL VDX SODWIRUPH GH OXFUX DFHVWHD VH YRU DPSODVD GH UHJXO vQ ]RQD GH SURWHF LH Q DFHVWH VLWXD LL O LPHD ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH VH YD VWDELOL LQkQG FRQW GH gabaritele auWRYHKLFXOHORU VDX GH DVLJXUDUHD H[HFX LHL OXFU ULORU OD FDQDO FX XWLODMH GH FRQVWUXF LL PRELOH vQ FRQGL LL GH VHFXULWDWH GHSOLQ FRQIRUP DUW =RQD GH SURWHF LH VH VWDELOHWH SULQ SURLHFW SHQWUX ILHFDUH RELHFWLY vQ SDUWH LQkQG VHDPD GH WLSXO canalXOXL ]RQD GH OXFUX QHFHVDU SHQWUX H[HFX LD OXFU ULORU QDWXUD WHUHQXOXL L WHQVLXQHD OLQLHL Q IXQF LH GH WLSXO GH FDQDO L XWLODMXO IRORVLW L SUHY ]XW O LPHD ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH YD SXWHD IL GH cel mult 20 m. 12.21.8. n cazul paralelismului ntre /($ SHVWH N9 FX FDQDOH GHVFKLVH GLQ S PkQW VDX EHWRQ QHDUPDW O LPHD PLQLP D ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD VWDELOLW LL /($ L D HYLW ULL WUDQVPLWHULL WHQVLXQLORU accidentale va fi n cazul terenurilor normale de 6 m. n cazul terenurilor senVLELOH OD vQPXLHUH DFHDVW O LPH VH YD VWDELOL SH ED]D UHIHUDWXOXL JHRORJLFJHRWHKQLF I U D IL PDL PLF GH P /XQJLPHD SDUDOHOLVPXOXL QX HVWH OLPLWDW Q FD]XO SDUDOHOLVPXOXL vQWUH /($ SHVWH N9 FX FDQDOH GHVFKLVH F SWXLWH FX GDOH VDX jgheaburi GLQ EHWRQ DUPDW O LPHD PLQLP D ]RQHL GH SURWHF LH SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD VWDELOLW LL /($ L D HYLW ULL transmiterii tensiunilor accidentale va fi de : 6 m pentru LEA cu Un = 1- 25 kV 10 m pentru LEA cu Un = 35- 60 kV 20 m pentru LEA cu Un = 110-400 kV /XQJLPHD SDUDOHOLVPXOXL QX VH OLPLWHD] 12.21.10. n cazul paralelismului ntre LEA peste 1 kV cu conducte ngropate sau supraterane de orice fel GLVWDQ D vQWUH PDUJLQHD FRQGXFWHL L IXQGD LD stlpilor va fi de 15 m. Q FD]XO FRQGXFWHORU VXSUDWHUDQH PHWDOLFH DWXQFL FkQG GLVWDQ D GH P ID GH /($ FX WHQVLXQL de 110- N9 QX DVLJXU FRQGL LLOH LPSXVH GH 67$6 SULYLQG WHQVLXQLOH LQGXVH VROX LLOH GH UHGXFHUH D LQIOXHQ HORU vQ FRQGXFW SULQ FXSODM FX /($ YRU IL MXVWLILFDWH WHKQLFR-economic n conformitate cu prevederile art. 3, alineatul 2 din Decretul 237/78.
Q FD]XO FRQGXFWHORU vQJURSDWH GH RULFH IHO QX VH OLPLWHD] OXQJLPHD GH SDUDOHOLVP FX /($ SHVWH 1 kV. n cazul paralelismului ntre LEA peste 1 kV cu conducte metalice supraterane fixe sau de udare DPSODVDWH vQ ]RQD GH P GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD D /($ VH YD YHULILFD VXSOLPHQWDU ID GH SUHYHGHULOH
92
Q VLWXD LLOH vQ FDUH FRQGXFWHOH PHWDOLFH VXSUDWHUDQH IL[H VDX GH XGDUH VXQW vQ DIDUD ]RQHL GH P GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD D XQHL /($ P VXUDW ID GH SURLHF LD SH RUL]RQWDO D FRQGXFWRUXOXL FHO PDL DSURSLDW L PDUJLQHD FRQGXFWHL QX HVWH QHFHVDU D VH OXD P VXUL VSHFLDOH LQGLIHUHQW GH OXQJLPHD SDUDOHOLsmului ntre ele. IRIGAREA ZONELOR APROPIATE PE LINIILE ELECTRICE AERIENE CU TENSIUNI PESTE 1 kV
FD OXQJLPHD SDUDOHOLVPXOXL V QX GHS HDVF P vQ FD]XO /($ FX WHQVLXQL SkQ OD N9 L 175 m la LEA cu tensiuni peste 60 kV. Q VLWXD LLOH vQ FDUH QX HVWH SRVLELO GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH FRQVWUXFWLYH OLPLWDUHD SDUDOHOLVPXOXL OD P UHVSHFWLY P VH YD SUHYHGHD OHJDUHD FRQGXFWHL FHO SX LQ OD FDSHWHOH OXQJLPLL GH SDUDOHOLVP OD R SUL] GH S PkQW DUWLILFLDO FX UH]LVWHQ GH PD[LPXP RKPL
La constUXF LD XQHL /($ QRL SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD FRH[LVWHQ HL FX VLVWHPXO GH vPEXQ WD LUL IXQFLDUH H[LVWHQW VDX vQ FD]XO GH FRQVWUXLUH D VLVWHPHORU GH vPEXQ W LUL IXQFLDUH OkQJ /($ H[LVWHQWH VH YD LQH seama de prevederile de mai jos. 6H FRQVLGHU ]RQ DSURSLDW GH /($ ]RQD FXSULQV SH SRU LXQHD GH P P VXUDW ID GH SURLHF LD SH RUL]RQWDO D FRQGXFWRDUHORU ID]HORU H[WUHPH GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD GH-a lungul liniei electrice.
Q ]RQHOH FX DPHQDM UL SHQWUX LULJD LL SULQ DVSHUVLXQH vQ ]RQD GH DSURSLHUH /($ VH YRU OXD XUP WRDUHOH P VXUL a. QX VH YRU DPSODVD DVSHUVRDUH vQ ]RQD GH SURWHF LH D /($ b. GLVWDQ HOH PLQLPH GH DPSODVDUH vQWUH FHO PDL DSURSLDW DVSHUVRU L HOHPHQWHOH /($ GHILQLWH SULQ GLVWDQ HOH G1 L G2 (conform figurii) vor fi alese n conformitate cu tabelul 12.13.
aspersor d1 d2
12.21.14. Q ]RQHOH DPHQDMDWH SHQWUX LULJD LL SULQ VFXUJHUH OD VXSUDID EUD]GH IkLL VDX VXEPHUVLXQH QX VH YRU OXD GH UHJXO P VXUL VSHFLDOH vQ FD]XO WUDYHUV ULORU VDX DSURSLHULORU FX /($ SHVWH N9 FX H[FHS LD DPHQDM ULORU FX FRQGXWH GH XGDUH GLQ DOXPLQLX WLS (8%$ vQ FDUH FD] WUDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH DFHVWRUD cu LEA peste 1 kV vor fi tratate conform 12.21.5.
'LVWDQ HOH PLQLPH GH DPSODVDUH D XQXL DVSHUVRU d1 L G2 se definesc duS FXP XUPHD] d1 GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH DVSHUVRU L SURLHF LD SH RUL]RQWDO D L]RODWRUXOXL H[WUHP DO /($ d2 GLVWDQ D SH RUL]RQWDO vQWUH DVSHUVRU L SURLHF LD SH RUL]RQWDO D FRQGXFWRUXOXL H[WUHP DO /($
127 n cazul unor aspersoare de tip nou, cu alte caracteristici dect cele din tabelul 12.13, GLVWDQ HOH G1 L G2 se vor determina astfel: 1) GLVWDQ D G1 VH GHWHUPLQ DYkQG vQ YHGHUH FD MHWXO DVSHUVRUXOXL V QX DMXQJ OD L]ROD LD /($ vQ QLFL R VLWXD LH FX R GLVWDQ GH VLJXUDQ GH -4 m; 2) disWDQ D G2 VH DOHJH GLQ WDEHOXO FRUHVSXQ] WRU WHQVLXQLL QRPLQDOH D /($ L EDOLVWLFLL MHWXOXL aspersorului.
93
/D XWLOL]DUHD LQVWDOD LLORU GH XGDUH PRELOH VH YD LQH FRQW GH XUP WRDUHOH - OD DPSODVDUHD DFHVWRU LQVWDOD LL vQ ]RQD DSURSLDW GH /($ GHILQLW OD SXQFWXO VH YD HYLWD SDUDOHOLVPXO vQWUH DFHVWHD VL /($ FDUH V GHS HDVF P n cazul LEA cu tensiunea GH N9 VDX PDL PDUH UHVSHFWLY P FX /($ FX WHQVLXQL SkQ OD N9 LQFOXVLY - GLVWDQ HOH PLQLPH GH DPSODVDUH DOH DVSHUVRDUHORU PRQWDWH SH LQVWDOD LD GH XGDUH PRELO n SR]L LD GH PD[LP DSURSLHUH D LQVWDOD LHL FX /($ vor fi cele indicate n tabelul 12.13. - VH LQWHU]LFH GHSODVDUHD LQVWDOD LLORU GH XGDUH PRELOH LQ FXORDUXO GH WUHFHUH GH IXQF LRQDUH D LEA. Tabelul 12.13. 'LVWDQ D PLQLP GH DPSODVDUH vQWUH DVSHUVRU L /($ SHVWH N9 400 kV 20 14 25 14 25 14 30 15 35 15 40 16 45 16 50 18 16 14 12 10 18 10
94
220 kV
20
12
25
12
25
12
30
13
35
13
40
14
45
14
50
55 55 55 55
110 kV
20
10
25
10
25
10
30
11
35
11
40
12
45
12
50
33-60 kV
20
30
35
40
10
45
10
50
Caracteristica aspersorului d1/d2
20 kV
20
30
35
40
45
Q O LPH a PD[LP a jetului ID GH sol [m]
14,5
15,5
10,5
11,5
14,5
50
Raza de lucru PD[LP [m]
22,5
24,5
32,5
34,5
57,5
Diametru Presiune l duzei de lucru [mm] [bari]
45
58
2,5 4,5
8,511,5
6,314,5
4 20
QDO LPHD ma[LP D aspersorului ID GH VRO >P@
5 32 5. ASM 5 3
Tipul asperso rului
58
ASM-2
ASJ1; ASJ 1M
Nr. crt.
1.
2.
ASM 1
3.
4.
ASM 4
58
2,5 4,5
59,5
20
42
44
15,5
12
14
16
TRA9(56 5, , $3523,(5, $/( /,1,,/25 (/(&75,&( $(5,(1( 3(67( N9 )$ &/ ',5,
0DQLSXODUHD L PDQHYUDUHD FRQGXFWHORU GH XGDUH WURQVRDQHORU VDX D DVSHUVRDUHORU OD RSHUD LXQLOH GH PRQWDUH-GHPRQWDUH vQ ]RQD DSURSLDW GH /($ GHILQLW OD SXQFWXO VH YD H[HFXWD QXPDL FX SHUVRQDO VSHFLDO LQVWUXLW SHQWUX DFHVWH RSHUD LL /D H[HFXWDUHD DFHVWRU OXFU UL VH YRU UHVSHFWD vQ PRG REOLJDWRULX XUP WRDUHOH P VXUL - vQDLQWH GH vQFHSHUHD RSHUD LLORU GHVHUYDQWXO VH YD DVLJXUD GH H[LVWHQ D WXWXURU FRQGXFWRDUHORU /($ GLQ ]RQD GH OXFUX vQ SR]L LD VXVSHQGDW QRUPDO Q FD]XO FkQG XQ FRQGXFWRU HVWH F ]XW OD S PkQW VDX DUH V JH L HYLGHQW P ULWH HVWH LQWHU]LV LQWUDUHD vQ ]RQD GH DSURSLHUH FX /($ SUHFXP L H[HFXWDUHD RULF URU OXFU UL 6H YRU OXD P VXUL GH DQXQ DUH LPHGLDW D LQWUHSULQGHULL GH H[SORDWDUH D /($ L QXPDL FX DFRUGXO L VXE VXSUDYHJKHUHD SHUVRQDOXOXL GH H[SORDWDUH DO /($ VH YRU SXWHD IDFH PDQLSXO UL VDX PDQHYUH vQ LQVWDOD LLOH GH LULJD LH GLQ ]RQD DSURSLDW GH /($ 127 - Se YRU LQVWUXL GHVHUYDQ LL DVXSUD SHULFROXOXL GH DSURSLHUH OD R GLVWDQ PDL PLF GH P ID GH XQ FRQGXFWRU DO /($ F ]XW OD S PkQW GLQ FDX]D WHQVLXQLORU GH SDV SHULFXORDVH FH DSDU vQ DVWIHO GH VLWXD LL - Q ]RQD GH SURWHF LH D /($ SHVWH N9 SOXV P GH R SDUWH L DOWD VH LQWHU]LFH ULGLFDUHD GH OD VRO D FRQGXFWHORU WURQVRDQHORU VDX DVSHUVRDUHORU OD R vQ O LPH PDL PDUH GH P VDX vQF UFDUHD acestora n autovehicule. Manipularea conductelor, tronsoanelor sau a aspersoarelor se va face PHQ LQkQG vQ PRG REOLJDWRULX FRQWDFWXO DFHVWRUD FX VROXO vQ FHO SX LQ XQ SXQFW SULQ WkUkUH - n cazul LEA cu tensiunea de 400 kV se interzice manipularea conductelor, tronsoanelor sau a DVSHUVRDUHORU vQ LQWHULRUXO FXORDUXOXL GH IXQF LRQDUH ]RQD GH SURWHF LH L VLJXUDQ '(
7UDYHUV ULOH L DSURSLHULOH /($ ID GH FO GLUL VH YRU WUDWD vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SDUDJUDIXO
95
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96
$1(; FRQWLQXDUH
Nr. crt. 0 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Indicativul 1 10101/0A 10101/20 10102 10107/0 10128 10166/1 10702/1 E 10702/2 12604 12604/4 12604/5
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B. 3UHVFULS LL
a) &1 75$16(/(&75,&$ 6$ L 6& (/(&75,&$ 6$ 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. PE 101 PE 103 PE 105 PE 107 PE 109 PE 116 PE 122 PE 125 PE 151 RE-I-23
1RUPDWLY SHQWUX FRQVWUXF LD LQVWDOD LLORU HOHFWULFH GH FRQH[LXQL L transformare cu tensiuni peste 1 kV. ,QVWUXF LXQL SHQWUX GLPHQVLRQDUHD L YHULILFDUHD LQVWDOD LLORU HOHFWURHQHUJHWLFH OD VROLFLW UL PHFDQLFH L WHUPLFH vQ FRQGL LLOH FXUHQ LORU GH VFXUWFLUFXLW Metodologie pentru dimensionarea stlpilor metalici ai liniilor electrice aeriene. 1RUPDWLY SHQWUX SURLHFWDUHD L H[HFX LD UH HOHORU GH FDEOXUL HOHFWULFH 1RUPDWLY SULYLQG DOHJHUHD L]ROD LHL FRRUGRQDUHD L]ROD LHL VL SURWHF LD LQVWDOD LLORU HOHFWURHQHUJHWLFH vPSRWULYD VXSUDWHQVLXQLORU 1RUPDWLY GH vQFHUF UL L P VXU WRUL OD HFKLSDPHQWH L LQVWDOD LL electrice. ,QVWUXF LXQL SULYLQG UHJOHPHQWDUHD FRH[LVWHQ HL OLQLLORU HOHctrice aeriene FX WHQVLXQL SHVWH N9 FX VLVWHPHOH GH vPEXQ W LUL IXQFLDUH ,QVWUXF LXQL SULYLQG FRRUGRQDUHD FRH[LVWHQ HL LQVWDOD LLORU HOHFWULFH GH 1 N9 FX OLQLLOH GH WHOHFRPXQLFD LL ,QVWUXF LXQL WHKQLFH GHSDUWDPHQWDOH SURvizorii pentru proiectarea LQVWDOD LLORU HOHFWULFH GH N9 ,QVWUXF LXQL SHQWUX H[SORDWDUHD L vQWUH LQHUHD LQVWDOD LLORU GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW M.E.E.
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$1(; FRQWLQXDUH
Nr. crt. 0 46. 47. 48.
Indicativul 1 1RE-Ip-35/2 3RE-Ip-41 1RE-Ip-30
Denumire 2 Idem. InsWDOD LL GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW SHQWUX OLQLL DHULHQH FDEOXUL VXEWHUDQH VWD LL L SRVWXUL GH WUDQVIRUPDUH M.E.E. ,QVWUXF LXQL GH SURLHFWDUH L H[SORDWDUH SULYLQG SURWHF LD vPSRWULYD LQIOXHQ HORU GDWRUDWH DSURSLHULORU GLQWUH OLQLLOH HOHFWULFH aeriene. QGUHSWDU GH SURLHFWDUH L H[HFX LH D LQVWDOD LLORU GH OHJDUH OD S PkQW
b) 0LQLVWHUH L 'HSDUWDPHQWH ID17 Ministerul Industriei 1RUPDWLY SHQWUX SURLHFWDUHD H[HFX LD YHULILFDUHD L UHFHS LRQDUHD GH 49. &KLPLHL L instDOD LL HOHFWULFH vQ ]RQH FX SHULFRO GH H[SOR]LH Petrochimiei ,QVWUXF LXQL WHKQLFH SHQWUX SURWHF LD HOHPHQWHORU GLQ EHWRQ DUPDW L C 170 50. EHWRQ SUHFRPSULPDW VXSUDWHUDQH vQ PHGLL DJUHVLYH QDWXUDOH L (ICCPDC) industriale. Norme tehnice privind zonele de siJXUDQ DOH WHUHQXULORU GH 51. M 34 DHURQDXWLF HODERUDWH GH GHSDUWDPHQWXO $YLD LHL &LYLOH 5HFRPDQG UL VSHFLDOH SULYLQG DSOLFDUHD GLVSR]L LLORU IXQGDPHQWDOH 52. SHQWUX QDYLJD LD SH 'XQDUH &RPLVLD 'XQ ULL %XGDSHVWD ,QVWUXF LXQL DVXSUD PRGXOXL GH instalare a semnalelor de balizaj pe 53. 'XQ UH &RPLVLD 'XQ ULL %XGDSHVWD NGPM 54. 1RUPH JHQHUDOH GH SURWHF LD PXQFLL Ordinul MMPS nr. 1RUPH VSHFLILFH GH SURWHF LD PXQFLL SHQWUX WUDQVSRUWXO L GLVWULEX LD 55. 734/2000 energiei electrice. NSPM-TDEE 65 1RUPH WHKQLFH SULYLQG SURLHFWDUHD L DPSODVDUHD FRQVWUXF LLORU 56. O.M.T. nr. 571 LQVWDOD LLORU L SDQRXULORU SXEOLFLWDUH vQ ]RQD GUXPXULORU SH SRGXUL SDVDMH YLDGXFWH L WXQHOXULORU UXWLHUH C. /HJL 'HFUHWH L 2UGRQDQ H GH *XYHUQ 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Decretul 237/78 Decretul 95/79 Decret pentru stabilirea normativelor privind sistematizarea, amplasarea, construirea, repararea liniilor electrice care trec prin S GXUL L WHUHQXUL DJULFROH 'HFUHW SULYLQG FRQGLWLLOH GH VWDELOLUH D WHUHQXULORU GH DHURQDXWLF a ]RQHORU GH VLJXUDQ L D VHUYLWX LORU DHURQDXWLFH 2UGRQDQ D SULYLQG HQHUJLD HOHFWULF L WHUPLF 2UGRQDQ D SULYLQG UHJLPXO MXULGLF DO GUXPXULORU Legea fondului funciar. /HJH SULYLQG SURSULHWDWHD SXEOLF L UHJLPXO MXULGLF DO DFHVWHLD /HJHD SURWHF LHL PHGLXOXL Legea Apelor 1RUPH WHKQLFH SULYLQG GHOLPLWDUHD ]RQHORU GH SURWHF LH L GH VLJXUDQ DOH FDSDFLW LORU HQHUJHWLFH Codul Silvic
98
2UGRQDQ D 2UGRQDQ D Legea 18/91, UHSXEOLFDW vQ Legea 213/98 Legea 137/95 Legea 107/96 Decizia A.N.R.E. 61/1999 Legea 26/1996

PE104

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PE104

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Formate disponibile

PE 104 / 2002

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

'20(1,8/ '( $3/,&$5( '(),1, ,,

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

2. CONDITIILE CLIMATO - METEOROLOGICE, NCARCARI, GRUPAREA NCARCARILOR

&21', ,,/( &/,0$72 - METEOROLOGICE

*URVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU SH conductoarele LEA, bch 3,4) Un U 110 kV mm 16 22 Un = (220400) kV mm 20 24

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

DETERMINAREA NCARCARILOR NORMATE

2.2.1. ncarcarile datorate actiunii vntului pe elementele liniei

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

c. QF UF ULOH XQLWDUH SURYHQLWH GLQ DF LXQHD YkQWXOXL SH VWkOSL, g

, VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

g v - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU  GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO E

2.2.2. ncarcarile datorate maselor proprii si a depunerilor de chiciura

F QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD VWkOSLORU L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU 

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

2.2.3. ncarcarile datorate tractiunii din conductoare

/HJ WXri de ntindere Cleme de ntindere

$FWLYH L GH SURWHF LH $FWLYH L GH SURWHF LH

DETERMINAREA NCARCARILOR DE CALCUL

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

P + V LQWHUYLQ OD GHWHUPLQDUHD V JH LORU FRQGXFWRDUHORU QF UF UL GH FDOFXO P + V

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

QF UF UL QRUPDWH SURYHQLWH GLQ

g = a c p (d + 2 b)10 3 5a tc c (v+ ch) c n

QF UF UL GH FDOFXO SURYHQLWH GLQ

= 1,80 b (d + b) 10 3 ch c [g = 1,00 b (d + b) 10 3 ]* 2c c ch g = 1,10 g 1,80 b (d + b) 10 3 ch 3c c c [g = 0,90 g 1,00 b (d + b) 10 3 ]* 3c c c ch

gvc av cos 2 sin

ai + ai + 1 - GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW D VWkOSXOXL vQ PHWUL 2

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

5H]LVWHQ D la rupere daN/mm2

Aliaje de aluminiu 2 HO categoria B

LEA existente LEA noi LEA existente LEA noi

7,85 7,78 7,85 7,78

1,1510-5 1,1510-5 1,1510-5 1,1510-5

19600 (19600) 19600 (19600)

Valorile dintre paranteze nu VXQW SUHY ]XWH vQ VWDQGDUGXO UHVSHFWLY

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

4. IZOLATOARELE, CLEMELE, ARMATURILE

Tensiunea QRPLQDO a LEA kV 20 110 220 400 1RW 

4.2. CLEME SI ARMATURI

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

5. MONTAREA CONDUCTOARELOR PE STLPI, DISTANTE, GABARITE

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

3HQWUX DH] UL RDUHFDUH DOH FRQGXFWRDUHORU Foeficientul, k VH GHWHUPLQ FX UHOD LD

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

SRDWH IL P ULW SkQ OD  NP vQ IXQF LH GH PRGXO GH vQFDGUDUH D OLQLHL

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

6. TIPURILE DE STLPI, IPOTEZELE DE CALCUL

6.2.1. Regimul normal de functionare

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

6.2.2. Regimul de avarie

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

6.2.3. Conditii de montaj

/D FDOFXOXO VWkOSLORU WUHEXLH V VH LQ VHDPD L GH XUP WRDUHOH FRQGL LL GH PRQWDM

6.2.4. Gruparea ipotezelor de calcul

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

Indicativ NTE xxxxx/xxxx

'20(1,8/ '( $3/,&$5( '(),1, ,,

*URVLPHD VWUDWXOXL GH FKLFLXU SH conductoarele LEA, bch 3,4) Un U 110 kV mm 16 22 Un = (220400) kV mm 20 24

, VH FDOFXOHD] FX UHOD LD

g v - vQF UFDUHD XQLWDU GHWHUPLQDW OD SXQFWXO E

F QF UF ULOH SURYHQLWH GLQ PDVD VWkOSLORU L D GHSXQHULORU GH FKLFLXU

P + V LQWHUYLQ OD GHWHUPLQDUHD V JH LORU FRQGXFWRDUHORU QF UF UL GH FDOFXO P + V

QF UF UL QRUPDWH SURYHQLWH GLQ

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ai + ai + 1 - GHVFKLGHUHD OD vQF UF UL GLQ YkQW D VWkOSXOXL vQ PHWUL 2

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Drumuri de interes local: - drumuri comunale; - VWU ]L - urbane; - rurale.