Reguli naturale

Natural rules
Vallum Korodi Szabolcs Szab Zsolt, Antal Huba

O structur complet realizat din lemn, adaptat reliefului i reversibil, d natere unui trand pe malul lacului Tineretului dinSovata.

A fully wooden structure, reversible and adjusted to relief, gives birth to a swimming pool on the shore of Tineretului Lake in Sovata. A swimming pool in a truly special place
Sovata spa got its urban and architectural identity in the early 20th century. Over it the prints of the socialist era and that after 1989 came. As many other spas, Sovata is also surrounded by beeches and rs. In the close neighbourhood of the urban area, there is the 70 ha Ursul (Bear) Lake and trees on the salted areas natural reservation. Around Ursul Lake, there is a sun heating phenomenon due to a thin sweet water layer over the salted one, and the reservation also comprises various smaller or bigger salted lakes, the salted mountains, as well as plants and insects specic to a habitat on a salted ground. Recently, the former Tineretului Lake was rehabilitated; placed upstream the salted lakes, it takes over the excess of sweet water and sediments left by abundant rainfalls or melted snow. From there, the sweet water is released in a controlled way, to keep the sun heat constant over Ursul Lake. Protected salted lakes are mainly set for spa, and do not meet the need of leisure and fun for young people, for those willing to swim. Thus, the idea of setting up a sweet water swimming pool of almost one hectare on a lake gathering temporary waters from an extensive valley.

Un trand ntr-un loc foarte special

Staiunea Sovata i-a format identitatea urbanistic i arhitectural la nceputul secolului XX. Peste aceasta s-au suprapus amprentele perioadei socialiste i a celei de dup 1989. Ca multe staiuni balneare, i Sovata este nconjurat de pduri de fag i brad. n imediata vecintate a zonei urbane se a rezervaia natural de 70 de hectare Lacul Ursul i arboretele de pe srturi. Pe lng lacul Ursul beneciaz de un fenomen de heliotermie care se datoreaz unei pelicule subiri de ap dulce peste apa srat, rezervaia mai conine diferite lacuri srate mai mari sau mai mici, munii de sare, plante i insecte specice unui habitat pe solul srat. De curnd a fost reamenajat fostul lac Tineretului; aat n amonte de lacurile srate, acesta are rolul de a prelua excesul de ap dulce i sedimente rezultate din ploi abundente sau topirea zpezii. De aici se d drumul n mod controlat la apa dulce, pentru a menine constant heliotermia pe laculUrsul. Lacurile srate protejate sunt amenajate n principal pentru bi cu rol de tratament i nu corespund nevoii de agrement i distracie a tineretului, a celor care vor s noate. Astfel a aprut ideea amenajrii unui trand de ap dulce de aproape un hectar pe un lac care acumuleaz apele meteorice dintr-o vale extins.

Intervention in the natural landscape

Most of our works are in Harghita county and other close counties. We cannot therefore talk about major interventions, specic in big cities. The scale of the architecture object, but also the context we place our projects are very different from those we practiced at university. Several architects in the area build lately a manner to intervene in the virgin natural environment, in rural areas, in small towns. This is not

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n cazul acestui proiect am avut de-a face cu un mal erpuit, cu variaii de adncime sub ap ale terenului, cu pdurile de fag care nconjoar zona. Am ncercat s nscriem n acest mediu o cldire cu aria desfurat de peste 600 mp, pe un singur nivel, i un ponton de circa 1.300 mp.

Concepie arhitectural i funcional

Cldirea se compune din trei volume principale. Primul este dintre ele este pergola de circa 30 de metri lungime aezat pe barajul lacului. Rolul su este de semnal i de separare a zonei cu parcri de cldirea rareat aezat de luciul apei. Pergola este i un ecran ce ltreaz spre zona de acces zgomotul creat de lumea de la trand. Volumul principal se extinde pe o lungime de circa 80 de metri, urmrind linia malului lacului. Adpostete toate funciunile care sunt necesare unui trand pentru 400 de persoane. Primul corp al intrrii i administraiei este astfel organizat nct s poat funciona pe timp de iarn ca vestiar pentru patinatori i, n consecin, este i termoizolat. Pontonul este elementul principal pentru funcionarea trandului. Geometria sa urmeaz o raz cu centrul n partea ngust a vii i cu deschidere ctre nord-vest, zona larg a lacului. Nu este ns vorba despre o regul strict de compoziie, ci mai degrab despre un ghidaj de baz, mbogit i uneori contrazis de jocul suprafeelor i al liniilor, precum i de golurile ce traverseaz cldirea i refac legtura dintre mal i lac. Balize delimiteaz zona de mbiere de cea de plimbatul cu barca. Pontonul nglobeaz piscina de 20 de centimetri adncime, pentru bebelui i cea de 50 de centimetri pentru copii. Fiecare dintre ele este dublat de suprafee nierbate sau acoperite cu nisip. n partea nordic s-a amenajat o zon de mbiere cu adncimea de 90 de centimetri, ct i de 130 de centimetri. Largul apei lacului este numai pentrunottori.

Plan de situaie Site plan

Intervenie n peisajul natural

Majoritatea lucrrilor noastre sunt n judeul Harghita i cele nvecinate. Nu putem deci vorbi despre intervenii majore, specice oraelor mari. Scara obiectului de arhitectur, dar i contextul n care nscriem proiectele noastre sunt foarte diferite de cele pe care le-am exersat la facultate. Mai muli arhiteci din zon i construiesc n ultimii ani un mod de-a interveni n mediul natural neatins, n localiti rurale, n oraele mici din zon. Nu e un stil, ci mai degrab o direcie; cile sunt variate i ntr-o formare i o schimbare continu. Arhitectura care inspir biroul nostru este cea regional din zonele alpine i cea scandinav, dar nu numai. n cadrul biroului, ecare arhitect are mn liber s-i caute i s experimenteze cile proprii. trandul de la Sovata este un produs al unor astfel de experimente, dar i al legturilor cu colegii de birou sau de breasl din zon. La baza compoziiei arhitecturale st interpretarea unor reguli din mediul natural. Reguli care, din punctul de vedere al interveniilor urbane, par a "nereguli". Iat cteva dintre ele, toate banale, dar eseniale: lipsa unghiurilor drepte, a liniilor paralele, a suprafeelor orizontale mari, suprapunerea i alturarea de straturi i volume diverse ntr-un mod natural, organic. Elementele accidentale, accentele majore sunt rare n mediul natural, totul tinde spre echilibru. La conceperea unei cldiri n mediu natural ncercm, pe ct se poate, s urmrim regulile acestuia. Elementele carteziene apar n msura n care sunt impuse de cerine funcionale sau din nevoia de control raional al spaiului ialstructurii.

Sustenabilitate, condiii materiale i tehnice, evoluia n timp

Cldirilor din zona n care activm sunt de obicei realizate din fonduri modeste; ncercm s nu form aceste limitele. Lemnul este un material de construire la ndemna oricui i acceptat n unanimitate de comunitatea local. n plus, are o tradiie arhitectural remarcabil. Avnd n vedere i sustenabilitatea n demersul de construire, ncercm s limitm folosirea betonului, dar i a materialelor i tehnicilor care nu sunt la dispoziie n regiune. n cazul construciilor n mediul natural urmrim i reversibilitatea proceselor. Structura portant a trandului s-a realizat integral din lemn: sute de stlpi btui n fundul lacului, planee i perei din brne i scnduri de lemn. La majoritatea pardoselilor s-au folosit tehnici uscate. Un aspect mai puin controlat este comportarea n timp a lemnului n mediul umed. Avem nc prea puin experien n acest sens, iar tehnicile pe care le-am aplicat sunt diverse, unele fr o conrmare cert n timp. S-a lucrat cu lazur gros i subire din comer, s-a luat n considerare experiena proprie a meterilor despre materialele pe care le-am folosit i am experimentat reete tradiionale propuse de specialitii Muzeului Astra din Sibiu. O cldire cu materiale mai puin rezistente impune n mod obligatoriu o riguroas urmrire n timp, o ntreinere continu. Aceast activitate este astzi aproape inexistent n gndirea celor care administreaz cldirile, disprnd din contiin n ultimele decenii. trandul din Sovata este un bun prilej de a redescoperi i exersa aceast activitate debaz.

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a style, but rather a set of principles, a general trend; the ways are diverse and under constant change and adjustment. The architecture inspiring our own office is the regional ones from alpine areas and the Scandinavian one, but not only. Each architect is free in our office to look for and experiment his own ways. The swimming pool at Sovata is the result of such experiments, but also of the connections with my colleagues and the professionals in the area. The interpretation of certain natural environment rules rules which, from the point of view of urban interventions rather look like nonregulations is the bottom line of the architectural composition. Here are some of those, all rather ordinary but vital: the lack of straight angles, parallel lines, large horizontal surfaces, then the superposition and mixture of various layers and volumes in a natural and organic way. Accidental elements, and major features are rare in the natural environment, everything goes to abalance. While designing building in a natural environment, we try, as much as

possible, to follow its rules. Cartesian elements come up whenever asked for by functional requirements, or from the need of a rational control of the space and structure. In this project, we had to deal with a winding shore, with variations of depth under water, with the beech woods around the area. We tried to include in this environment 600 sqm. gross building area, on one level only, and of a pontoon of about 1300 sqm.

Architectural and functionaldesign

The building is made up of three main volumes. The rst is the pergola of about 30 m long placed on the lake dam. Its role is to signpost and separate the parking from the loose building on the water surface. The pergola is also a screen ltering the noise of the people at the pool to the access area. The main volume extends for about 80 m, following the line of the lake shore. It hosts all functions needed for a swimming pool for about 400 people. The rst building for the entrance and the administration is organised in

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Cldirile noi i justic existena dup ce sunt date n folosin, publicul le utilizeaz n mod resc i ncepe o evoluie prin interaciunea cadrului construit i a celui uman. trandul este acum gatai credem c relaia lui cu mediul natural nu este una rea; ateptm ns ca vara anului 2013 s arate cum proiectul funcioneaz i din punctul de vedere al comunitii i vizitatorilor.

deep one for kids. Each of them is bordered by grass or sand surfaces. In the Northern side, a bathing area from 90 to 130 cm deep was set. The wide area of the lake is for swimmers only.

Sustainability, material and technical conditions, the change over time

The buildings in the area we work are usually made with modest funding; we try not to force those limits. The wood is a building material at hand for anyone, and unanimously accepted by the local community. In addition, it has a remarkable architectural tradition there. Considering the sustainability in construction, we try to limit the use of concrete, and also of the materials and techniques which are not available in the region. In the case of buildings in natural environment, we also follow the reversibility of processes. The infrastructure of the swimming pool was fully made of wood: hundreds of poles xed on the bottom of the lake, boards and walls made of wooden beams and planks. For most oors we used dry techniques.

such a way to be able to work in winter as a locker room for skaters, and it is, therefore, insulated. The pontoon is the main element for the pool to work out. Its geometry follows a ray with the centre in the narrow section of the valley, opening to the North-West, the wide area of the lake. This is not about a strict rule of composition, but rather an underlying order, enriched and sometimes contradicted by the interplay of surfaces and lines, as well as the cuts through the building that reconnect the shore and the lake. Beacons separate the bathing and boating areas. The pontoon includes the 20 cm deep pool for babies, and the 50 cm

A less controlled aspect is the behaviour of wood in humid environment over time. We still have little experience in that respect, and the techniques we applied are diverse, some without a clear conrmation in time. We worked with thick and think lasur available in shops, we took into consideration the experience of the craftsmen on the materials we used and experimented traditional recipes proposed by the experts of Astra Museum in Sibiu. A building with less resilient materials clearly asks for a rigorous monitoring over time, and a constant maintenance. This activity is currently almost absent in the thinking of those running the buildings, and disappearing from the professional practice over the last decades. The pool in Sovata is a good opportunity to rediscover and practise that basicactivity.

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Plan 1. Hol i administraie. 2.Vestiare. 3. Duuri. 4. Grupuri sanitare. 5. Depozit. 6. Ponton. Plan 1. Hall and administration. 2. Vestiare. 3. Duuri. 4. Grupuri sanitare. 5. Depozit. 6. Ponton.

Loc / Place: Lacul Tineretului, Sovata, jud.Mure/ Tineretului (Youth) Lake, Sovata, Murescounty Beneficiar / Client: Oraul Sovata / City of Sovata Proiect / project: Vallum, Miercurea Ciuc Autor / Architect: Korodi Szabolcs Coautori / Co-authors: Gergely Attila, TthSzabolcs Specialiti / Enginering: Csiki Lszl, Vincze Szilrd, Sebestn Lszl, Gogolk Margit Fischer Jzsef Aria desfurat / Total built area: 668+1.307m2

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