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Partea ntreag i partea fracionar

Definiie: Numim partea ntreag a numrului x , cel mai mare ntreg mai mic sau
cel mult egal cu x. Notaie: [x] =partea ntreag a numrului real x.
Numim partea fracionar a numrului x , diferena dintre numrul x i
partea sa ntreag. Notaie: {x} =partea fracionar a numrului real x deci
[ [ x x x =
Observaie: [ [ , x x x x = \
Exemple: [2,4] =2; [-3,6] =-4; {2,6} =0,6; {-3,2} =0,8
Proprieti parte ntreag:
1. [ [ , x x \
2. [ [ [ ) 0 0,1 x x = =
3. [ ] [ , 1) , x k x k k k = =
4. [ ] x x x = =
5. [ ] [ ] , x z x z x z = = \ \
6. [ ) [ ] 0,1 , x z z x z = = \ \
7. [ ] , x x x _ \
8. [ [ [ [ 1, x x x x _ < \
9. [ [ 1 , x x x x < _ \
10. [ ] [ ] , [ , 1) , x y x y k k k = =
11. [ ] [ ] | | 1 x y x y = = <
12. [ ] [ ] 1, \ x x x = \
13. | | | | nx
n
n
x
n
x
n
x x =
(

+ + +
(

+ +
(

+ +
1 2 1
(identitatea lui Hermite)
Proprieti parte fracionar:
1. [ ) 0,1 , x x \
2. 0 x x = =
3. [ ) , 0,1 ,
m m m
x x k k
n n n
= = = \
4. [ ) 0,1 x x x = =
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5. { } { } , , , x y x y k x y k = = = \
6. { } { } x k x k = =
7. { } 1 { }, \ x x x = \
EXERCIII
1. Re :
. [2 ] 0; [ 3 ] 0; 4[5 ] 0
1 1 1
. 2 0; 0; 3 4 0
2 2 3
1 2 1 1
. 0; 0; 2 0
1 3
zolvai
i x x x
x
ii x x
x x x
iii
x x x
= = =
( ( (
+ = = + =
( ( (

+ ( ( (
= = =
( ( (
+


2. Re :
.[ ] 1; 4[ ] 8; [2 ] 3
.[ ] 2; 2[ ] 8; [3 ] 4
.[ ] 5; 3[ ] 18; [ 2 ] 2
zolvai
i x x x
ii x x x
iii x x x
= = =
= = =
= = =

3. Re :
.[2 7] 6; [ 5] 3; 0,1 [2 1] 2
2 2 1
.[1 ] 2; 4; 5 10
3 3
2 4 3 1
. 3; 1; 3 9
2 2 1 2 1
zolvai
i x x x
x x
ii x
x x x
iii
x x x
= + = + =
+ ( (
= = =
( (

+ ( ( (
= = =
( ( (
+ +


4. Re :
.2[ 1] 3[ 2] 9; 3[ 1] 2[ 2] 8
.2[ 3] 3[ 5] 4[ 13] 7; 2[ 1] 3[ 2] 9
.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 2; [1 ] [2 ] 10
zolvai
i x x x x
ii x x x x x
iii x x x x x
+ + = + + =
+ + + = + =
+ + + = =

5. Re :
[ ] [ 1] [2 ]
. 0; 0; 0
3 5 7
[ 1] [2 1] [3 2]
. 1; 2; 5
2 3 2
[ ] [ ] [ 1]
3 2 3
. 0; 8; 1
2 3 5
zolvai
x x x
i
x x x
ii
x x x
iii
( ( (
= = =
( ( (

+ ( ( (
= = =
( ( (

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (
( ( (

( ( ( = = =
( ( (
( ( (


6. Re :
2
.[ ] 4 ; 2[ ] 1; [ ]
3
2 1 1 1
.[ ] ; [ 4 ] ; [ ]
3 2 2
1 1 2
.[ ] ; [ 2 ] ; [ ]
1
zolvai
x
i x x x x x
x x x
ii x x x
x x
iii x x x
x x x
+
= = + =
+
= = =

= = =
+


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7. Re :
3 1 1 1
. 1;
2 3 2
1
.2[ 1] 3 4 ; 3 2 1
2
6 5 15 7 12 5 19 16
. ;
8 5 3 10
zolvai
x x x
i x
x
ii x x x
x x x x
iii
+ + ( (
= + =
( (

+ (
+ = =
(

+ + ( (
= =
( (


8. Re :
1 1
. 1 ; 2 3
1
2 7 1
. 3 1; 2
3 2
2 1 2 3
. ; 1
1 2
zolvai
i x x
x x
x x
ii x x
x x
x x
iii
x x x x
( (
= =
( (

+ + ( (
= + =
( (


+ ( (
= =
( (
+


2 2
3 3
3 3
9. Re :
. ;
2 2
. 1; 1
3 3
. ; 1
6 6
zolvai
x x x x
i x x
x x x x
ii x x
x x x x
iii x x
( ( +
= =
( (

( (
= =
( (

( (
= =
( (


10. Re :
.[3 1] [2 6]; [1 ] [1 2 ]
1 6 3 2
. ;
2 5 2 3
2 1 1 3
. ;
3 2 2 4
zolvai
i x x x x
x x x x
ii
x x x x
iii
x x
= + =
+ + ( ( ( (
= =
( ( ( (

+ + + ( ( ( (
= =
( ( ( (



11. Re :
2 1
. 1 0,5
2 3
1 3 1
. 3 1
2 4
1 2
. 0,8
2 3
zolvai
x x
i x
x x
ii x
x x
iii x
( (
+ + = +
( (

+ + ( (
+ =
( (

+ ( (
= +
( (


12. Re :
2 3 4 9
. 2
3 6
4 3 8 13 2 8
.
7 14 5
2 1 4 1 5 4
.
3 6 3
zolvai
x x
i x
x x x
ii
x x x
iii
+ + ( (
+ + =
( (

+ + + ( (
+ =
( (

+ ( (
+ =
( (


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13. Re :
1 1
. 3 [ 2 ]
2 2
3 2 3 4
.
2 6 6 3
5 2 15 2 15 2 5 3
.
4 12 12 2
zolvai
i x x x
x x x x
ii
x x x x
iii
( (
+ + + =
( (

+ + ( ( (
+ + =
( ( (

+ ( ( ( (
+ + =
( ( ( (


14. Re :
[ ] [ ] 10
.
[ ] [ ] 2
2[ ] 3[ ] 5
.
[ ] 2[ ] 4
2 1
3
4
.
3 1
4
2
zolvai
x y
i
x y
x y
ii
x y
x
x
iii
x
y
=

+ =

+ =

+ =

+ (
=

+ =
(

| | | |
15. Re :
.[ ][ ] 1; [ ][ ] 2
. 0; [ ] 1
.[ ][ ] 0, ; [ ]
zolvai
i x y x y
ii x x x x
iii m x m x x
= =
= =
= =

( )
2
2
16. Re :
.Calculai:
.Calculai: 1
.Calculai:
zolvai
i n n
ii n n
n n
iii
n
(
+

(
+ +
(

(
+
(


2 3
1
17. Re :
.Calculai: 1 2 2 3 ... ( 1)
1 1 1 1
.Calculai: 2 2 2 ... 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 4 2
.Calculai: ... ...
2 4 8 2
n
k
k
zolvai
i n n
ii x x x x n
n n n n
iii
+
( ( (
+ + + +

( ( ( (
+ + + + + + + +
( ( ( (

( + + + + ( ( (
+ + + + +
(
( ( (

{ }
{ }
{ }
2
2
2
18. Re :
. 2 3 2 3 3 1
. 2 5 2 5 5 1
. 2 7 2 7 7 1
zolvai
i x x x
ii x x x
iii x x x
(
=

(
=

(
=


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19. Re :
3 5
. 4
2 2
5 7
. 6
2 2
11 13
. 12
2 2
zolvai
x x
i x
x x
ii x
x x
iii x
( (
+ =
( (

( (
+ =
( (

( (
+ =
( (


{ }
{ }
{ }
2
2
2
20. Re :
.9 1 6
.16 1 8
.25 1 10
zolvai
i x x
ii x x
iii x x
+ =
+ =
+ =

| |
| |
| |
21. Re :
. 2 2 1
. 3 3 1
. 5 5 1
zolvai
i x x
ii x x
iii x x
( + =

( + =

( + =


2
2
2
2
22. Re :
1
. 1
2
1
. 4
2
1
. 16
2
zolvai
x
i x
x
ii x
x
iii x
+
(
=

(
=

+
(
=


[ [ [ [
[ [ [ [
[ [ [ [
23. :
1
. 2
2
1 2
. 3
3 3
1 2 3
. 4
4 4 4
Artai c
i x x x
ii x x x x
iii x x x x x
l
l =
l
l
l l
l l =
l l
l l
l l l
l l l =
l l l
l l l