Perfectul Prezent Simplu ( Present Perfect )

In lectia aceasta vom vedea cum se formeaza si

cand se intrebuinteaza Perfectul Prezent al
unui verb.
A. FORMARE
Perfectul Prezent se formeaza cu auxiliarul to
have( have, has urmat de !artici!iul trecut al
verbului de con"u#at.
( $u uitati% la un verb re#ulat, !artici!iul trecut
se formeaza !rin adau#area terminatiei &ed' la
verbele nere#ulate, el re!rezinta a treia forma
de baza.
(. Forma afirmativa%
I have arrived
)ou have arrived
*e has arrived
+e have arrived
)ou have arrived
,he- have arrived
.. Forma intero#ativa %
*ave I arrived /
*ave -ou arrived /
*as he arrived /
*as she arrived /
*ave 0e arrived /
*ave -ou arrived /
*ave the- arrived /
1. Forma ne#ativa %
I have not arrived
)ou have not arrived
*e has not arrived
2he has not arrived
+e have not arrived
)ou have not arrived
,he- have not arrived
3. Forma intero#ativ&ne#ativa
*ave I not arrived /
*ave -ou not arrived /
*as he not arrived /
*as she not arrived /
*ave 0e not arrived /
*ave -ou not arrived /
*ave the- not arrived /
IMPOR,A$, 444
Perfectul Prezent se foloseste cel mai adesea
atunci cand dorim sa scoatem in evidenta un
efect !e care il are in !rezent o actiune
desfasurata in trecut.
Ex% I have eaten 5 Am mancat (deci nu mai imi
este foame.
2omebod- has stolen m- !en 5 6ineva mi&a
furat stiloul (asadar nu mai am cu ce scrie
7. I$,RE78I$,ARE (cand folosim acest as!ect
al Prezentului in vorbire
(.Perfectul Prezent descrie o actiune trecuta,
ale carei efecte se fac inca simtite in !rezent
I have sold m- car. Eu mi&am mandut
masina(efect5trebuie sa mer# la slu"ba cu
autobuzul
*e has read that boo9. El a citit acea carte
(efect5ii cunoaste continutul
.. Perfectul Prezent se foloseste im!reuna cu
indicatori tem!orali nedefiniti, cum ar fi% ever,
never, before, -et, alread-, dar niciodata cu
indicatori tem!orali definiti, !recum -esterda-,
last 0ee9, a month a#o.
2he has never seen such a car. Ea niciodata nu
a vazut o asemenea masina.
I have alread- solved that !roblem. Eu de"a am
rezolvat acea !roblema.
1. Perfectul Prezent se foloseste !entru a
descrie o actiune care a ince!ut in trecut si se
continua si in momentul vorbirii(aceeasi !arte
a zilei, aceeasi zi, acelasi an, etc.
+e haven:t eaten toda- -et. Azi inca nu am
mancat.
3. Folosit im!reuna cu "ust acest tim! descrie
ceea ce s&a intam!lat de curand. In romana
acest lucru se ex!rima cu !erfectul com!us si
adverbul tocmai.
,he- have "ust #ot married. Ei tocmai s&au
casatorit.
+e have "ust arrived. $oi tocmai ce am sosit.
;. Perfectul Prezent descrie o actiune ince!uta
in trecut si care se !relun#este in !rezent.
In acest caz, se traduce cu !rezentul%
*o0 lon# have the- been here/ <e cand sunt ei
aici/
2he has been here for three da-s. Ea se afla
aici de trei zile.
=. Perfectul Prezent sim!lu se foloseste cu
ex!resiile% ,his is the first time... si It:s (a lon#
time since...
,his is the first time I have been in a cave. E
!rima data cand ma aflu intr&o !estera.
It:s a lon# time since -ou have visited me. <e
mult nu ai mai fost in vizita la mine.
Perfectul Prezent 6ontinuu ( Present Perfect
6ontinuous
In lectia aceasta vom vedea cum se formeaza si
cand se intrebuinteaza Perfectul Prezent
6ontinuu al unui verb.
A. FORMARE
Perfectul Prezent 6ontinuu se formeaza cu
auxiliarul to have( have, has urmat de
as!ectul continuu al !artici!iului trecut al
verbului de con"u#at.
(!artici!iul trecut sim!lu% 0or9ed, cleaned'
!artici!iul trecut continuu% been 0or9in#, been
cleanin#.
(. Forma afirmativa%
I have been 0al9in#
)ou have been 0al9in#
*e has been 0al9in#
+e have been 0al9in#
)ou have been 0al9in#
,he- have been 0al9in#
.. Forma intero#ativa %
*ave I been 0al9in# /
*ave -ou been 0al9in# /
*as he been 0al9in# /
*as she been 0al9in# /
*ave 0e been 0al9in# /
*ave -ou been 0al9in# /
*ave the- been 0al9in# /
1. Forma ne#ativa %
I have not been 0al9in#
)ou have not been 0al9in#
*e has not been 0al9in#
2he has not been 0al9in#
+e have not been 0al9in#
)ou have not been 0al9in#
,he- have not been 0al9in#
3. Forma intero#ativ&ne#ativa
*ave I not been 0al9in# /
*ave -ou not been 0al9in# /
*as he not been 0al9in# /
*as she not been 0al9in# /
*ave 0e not been 0al9in# /
*ave -ou not been 0al9in# /
*ave the- not been 0al9in# /
7. I$,RE78I$,ARE (cand folosim acest as!ect
al Prezentului in vorbire
Perfectul Prezent continuu se foloseste
a!roximativ in aceleasi situatii ca si Prezentul
Perfect sim!lu.
,otusi, accentueaza ideea de continuare in
!rezent a actiunii descrise%
Prezentul 6ontinuu ( Present 6ontinuous
In lectia aceasta vom vedea cum se formeaza si
cand se intrebuinteaza Prezentul 6ontinuu al
unui verb.
(. >a forma afirmativa auxiliarul a!are de cele
mai multe ori in forma sa contrasa%
I:m runnin#
)ou:re runnnin#
*e:s runnin#
+e:re runnin#
,he-:re runnin#
.. >a forma intero#ativa se inverseaza ordinea
dintre subiect si auxiliar%
Am I runnin#/
Are -ou runnin#/
Is he runnin#/
Is she runnin#/
Are 0e runnin#/
Are -ou runnin#/
Are the- runnin#/
1. >a forma ne#ativa cuvantul not !recedat de
auxiliar a!are de cele mai multe ori in forma sa
contrasa (dar niciodata du!a am %
I: m not runnin#
)ou aren:t runnin#
*e isn:t runnin#
2he isn:t runnin#
+e aren:t runnin#
)ou aren:t runnin#
,he- aren:t runnin#
3. Forma intero#ativ&ne#ativa
Am I not runnin# /
Aren:t -ou runnin# /
Isn:t herunnin# /
Isn:t she runnin# /
Aren:t 0e runnin# /
Aren:t -ou runnin# /
Aren:t the- runnin# /
7. I$,RE78I$,ARE (cand folosim acest as!ect
al Prezentului in vorbire
(. Pentru a descrie o actiune in curs de
desfasurare in momentul vorbirii.
In acest caz, este insotit adesea de o indicatie
tem!orala, cum ar fi no0, at the moment
>oo94 *e:s 0asin# his car. Priveste4 El isi s!ala
masina.
+hat are -ou doin# there/ 6e faci acolo/
.. Pentru a descrie !ozitiile cor!ului%
2he:s standin#. Ea sta in !icioare
*e:s leanin# a#ainst a 0all. El sta s!ri"init de
un !erete.
1. 6and e vorba de o actiune viitoare,
!revazuta sau !ro#ramata%
,he-:re bu-in# a ne0 house in Ma-. Ei isi
cum!ara o casa noua in luna mai. +hat are -ou
doin# next Monda-/ 6e faci lunea viitoare/
3. 6and e vorba de ceva care s&ar !utea
!roduce in orice moment%
*e loo9s funn- 0hen he:s !la-in# his trum!et.
Arata comic atunci cand canta la trom!eta.
;. Im!reuna cu al0a-s, !entru a ex!rima
iritarea sau deza!robarea%
2he:s al0a-s comin# in 0hen 0e tal9
somethin# im!ortant. Intotdeauna trebuie sa
intre in camera fix cand vorbim noi lucruri
im!ortante.
Pronumele !ersonal
$ominativ
I 5 Eu
)ou 5 ,u
*e 5 El
2he 5 Ea
It 5 El, Ea (!entru obiecte, lucruri
neinsufletite
+e 5 $oi
)ou 5 ?oi
,he- 5 Ei
@enitiv
Mine 5 Al meu
)ours 5 Al tau
*is 5 Al lui
*ers5 Al ei
Ours 5 Al nostru
)ours 5 Al vostru
,heirs 5 Al lor
<ativ
(to me 5 mie
(to -ou 5 tie
(to him 5 lui
(to her 5 ei
(to it 5 >ui, ei (!entru obiecte, lucruri
neinsufletite (to us 5 noua
(to -ou 5 voua
(to them 5 lor
Acuzativ
me 5 !e mine
-ou 5 !e tine
him 5 !e el
her 5 !e ea
it 5 !e el, !e ea (!entru obiecte, lucruri
neinsufletite
us 5 !e noi
-ou 5 !e voi
them 5 !e ei
?erbul ,o 7e
Afirmativ
I Am 5 Eu sunt
)ou Are 5 ,u esti
*e Is 5 El este
2he Is 5 Ea este
It Is 5 ElAEa Este
+e Are 5 $oi suntem
)ou Are 5 ?oi sunteti
,he- are 5 Ei sunt
Intero#ativ
Am I /
Are )ou /
Is *e /
Is 2he /
Is It /
Are +e /
Are )ou /
Are ,he- /
$e#ativ
I Am not
)ou Are not
*e Is not
2he Is not
It Is not
+e Are not
)ou Are not
,he- are not
?erbul ,o *ave
Afirmativ
I *ave 5 Eu am
)ou *ave 5 ,u ai
*e *as 5 El are
2he *as 5 Ea are
It *as 5 ElAEa are
+e *ave 5 $oi avem
)ou *ave 5 ?oi aveti
,he- *ave 5 Ei au
Intero#ativ
<o I *ave/
<o )ou *ave/
<oes *e *ave/
<oes 2he *ave/
<oes It *ave/
<o +e *ave/
<o )ou *ave/
<o ,he- *ave/
$e#ativ
I do not *ave
)ou do not *ave
*e does not *ave
2he does not *ave
It does not *ave
+e do not *ave
)ou do not *ave
,he- do not *ave
6ursuri a!reciate

*,M> !e intelesul tuturor
@ramatica limbii en#leze
Infiintarea unei firme
,recutul 2im!lu

A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ%
2ubiect B ?b.II (terminatia C&edC !entru
verbele re#ulate
Exem!le%
(. I 0rote a boo9 last -ear.
.. *e 0ent to a football #ame last 0ee9.
1. +e !la-ed in the !ar9 -esterda-.
Intero#ativ%
<id B 2ubiect B ?b.I/
Exem!le%
(. <id -ou 0rite a boo9 last -ear/
.. <id he #o to a football #ame last 0ee9/
1. <id -ou !la- in the !ar9 -esterda-/
$e#ativ%
2ubiect B didn:t B ?b.I
Exem!le%
(. I didn:t 0rite a boo9 last -ear.
.. *e didn:t #o to a football #ame last 0ee9.
1. +e didn:t !la- in the !ar9 -esterda-.
7. Folosim ,recutul 2im!lu !entru%

D activitati terminate care s&au !etrecut in
trecut
Exem!le%
2he 0as in France . -ears a#o.
+e bou#ht a ne0 0ashin# machine . 0ee9s
a#o.
D actiuni incheiate care s&au !etrecut la un
moment determinat in trecut
Exem!le%
,he- 0ere in En#land in (EF(.
I left 7ucharest in a!ril (EE3.
6. Ex!resii cu care se foloseste adesea ,recutul
2im!lu%
-esterda-, at this time -esterda-, . da-s a#o,
. months a#o, last -ear, last 0ee9, the da-
before -esterda-
Exem!le%
(. <iana 0ent in 7el#ium 1 -ears a#o.
.. I 0as havin# lunch at this time -esterda-.
1. ,he- !la-ed football . hours a#o.
3. Paul tau#ht En#lish and French 1 months
a#o.
;. 2he left to0n the da- before -esterda-.
Exercitii%
(. 2crieti forma corecta a verbului din
!aranteza la ,recutul 2im!lu%
(. I (0atch a horror movie -esterda- evenin#.
.. Mar- (!la- in the #arden 0ith her do#
-esterda- mornin#.
1. ,0o da-s a#o, Gohn (#o 0ith his mother at
the doctor.
3. Mar- (tal9 a lot durin# the French lesson.
;. M- mother (0ash man- clothes -esterda-
evenin#.
=. I (do not en"o- the movie from last ni#ht.
H. I (solve the Math !roblem ver- Iuic9l-.
F. I (!re!are m- lu##a#e -esterda-.
E. I (be at school 0hen -ou called me.
(J. +hen -ou 0ere -oun#, -ou (live in the
countr-side.
.. Folositi cuvintele din !aranteze !entru a
realiza !ro!ozitii ne#ative !recum in exem!lu%
Exem!lu%
Mar- li9ed the a!!le !ie. (the sou!
Mar- li9ed the a!!le !ie, but she didn:t li9e the
sou!.
(. I !la-ed in the school-ard. (in the #arden
.. M- friend 0ent to the mountain. (to the
seaside
1. I travelled abroad . da-s a#o. (( month a#o
3. )esterda- I visited Mr. Peterson. (Mrs 2mith
;. <urin# lunch, I listened a football #ame on
the radio. (music
=. )ou called me at (J o:cloc9 a.m. ((. o:cloc9
H. I arrived at home earl- in the mornin#. (in
the afternoon
F. )ou received a com!uter on -our birthda-.
(a car
E. It rained . da-s a#o. (last 0ee9
(J. Mi9e re!aired his car. (bic-cle
1. ,receti la ,recutul 2im!lu verbele
nere#ulate de mai "os, !recum in exem!lu%
Exem!lu%
I leave school at . o:cloc9 -esterda-.
I left school at . o:cloc9 -esterda-.
(. I eat a delicious sou! at the restaurant .
da-s a#o.
.. M- famil- bu- a ne0 car 1 months a#o.
1. I read a ver- interestin# novel -esterda-
evenin#.
3. Mar- s!ea9 0ith her En#lish teacher last
0ee9, about her exams.
;. >ast Monda-, Gohn 0rite to his mother a
letter.
=. >ast 0inter, I ma9e a beautiful sno0man in
front of the house.
H. )ou #ive -our sister a nec9lace for her
birthda-.
F. >ast -ear, ,im become a doctor.
E. Mrs. ,hom!son teach 2!anish and En#lish
ever- Monda- and +ednesda-.
(J. Father come from the office late at noon.
3. ,receti urmatoarele verbe la ,recutul
2im!lu%
Exem!le%
I see
I sa0
I 0atch
I 0atched
(. I slee!
.. *e !la-s
1. *e run
3. )ou s!ea9
;. ,he- don:t read
=. *e doesn:t feel
H. I meet
F.*e catches
E. )ou 0a9e u!
(J. ,he- leave
;. Ras!undeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform
!recizarilor din !aranteze (vezi exem!lu
Exem!lu%
+hen did she leave 7ucharest/ (. -ears a#o
2he left 7ucharest . -ears a#o.
(. +here did -ou slee! last ni#ht/ (at 6ath-:s
.. +hen did -ou read this boo9/ (1 0ee9s a#o
1. +hen did -ou find out about 2usan:s
!roblems/ (last Monda-
3. +here did -ou meet -our friends/ (in the
!ar9
;. +hen did she stud- French (. -ears a#o
=. +here did he 0or9 last -ear (in a ban9
H. +hen did the- divorce/ (3 -ears a#o
F. *o0 did she die/ (in a train accident
E. +ho 0as Mihai Eminescu/ (a Romanian !oet
(J. +hen 0as he born/ (in (EH1
>ectia ((% ,recutul 2im!lu & ras!unsuri
(. 2crieti forma corecta a verbului din
!aranteza la ,recutul 2im!lu%
(. I 0atched a horror movie -esterda- evenin#.
.. Mar- !la-ed in the #arden 0ith her do#
-esterda- mornin#.
1. ,0o da-s a#o, Gohn 0ent 0ith his mother at
the doctor.
3. Mar- tal9ed a lot durin# the French lesson.
;. M- mother 0ashed man- clothes -esterda-
evenin#.
=. I didnKt en"o- the movie from last ni#ht.
H. I solved the Math !roblem ver- Iuic9l-.
F. I !re!ared m- lu##a#e -esterda-.
E. I 0as at school 0hen -ou called me.
(J. +hen -ou 0ere -oun#, -ou lived in the
countr-side.
.. Folositi cuvintele din !aranteze !entru a
realiza !ro!ozitii ne#ative%
(. I !la-ed in the school-ard, but I didnKt !la-
in the #arden.
.. M- friend 0ent to the mountain, but he
didnKt #o to the seaside.
1. I travelled abroad . da-s a#o, but I didnKt
travel abroad ( month a#o.
3. )esterda- I visited Mr. Peterson, but I didnKt
visit Mrs 2mith.
;. <urin# lunch, I listened a football #ame on
the radio, but I didnKt listen to music.
=. )ou called me at (J o:cloc9 a.m, but -ou
didnKt call at (. oKcloc9.
H. I arrived at home earl- in the mornin#, but I
didnKt arrive at home earl- in the afternoon.
F. )ou received a com!uter on -our birthda-,
but -ou didnKt receive a car.
E. It rained . da-s a#o, but it didnKt rain last
0ee9.
(J. Mi9e re!aired his car, but he didnKt re!air
his bic-cle.
1. ,receti la ,recutul 2im!lu verbele
nere#ulate de mai "os%
(. I ate a delicious sou! at the restaurant .
da-s a#o.
.. M- famil- bou#ht a ne0 car 1 months a#o.
1. I read a ver- interestin# novel -esterda-
evenin#.
3. Mar- s!o9e 0ith her En#lish teacher last
0ee9, about her exams.
;. >ast Monda-, Gohn 0rote to his mother a
letter.
=. >ast 0inter, I made a beautiful sno0man in
front of the house.
H. )ou #ave -our sister a nec9lace for her
birthda-.
F. >ast -ear, ,im became a doctor.
E. Mrs. ,hom!son tau#ht 2!anish and En#lish
ever- Monda- and +ednesda-.
(J. Father came from the office late at noon.
3. ,receti urmatoarele verbe la ,recutul
2im!lu%
(. I slee! A I sle!t
.. *e !la-s A *e !la-ed
1. *e run A *e ran
3. )ou s!ea9 A )ou s!o9e
;. ,he- don:t read A ,he- didnKt read
=. *e doesn:t feel A *e didnKt feel
H. I meet A I met
F.*e catches A *e cau#ht
E. )ou 0a9e u! A )ou 0o9e u!
(J. ,he- leave A ,he- left
;. Ras!undeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform
!recizarilor din !aranteze%
(. +here did -ou slee! last ni#ht/ (at 6ath-:s
I sle!t at 6ath-Ks.
.. +hen did -ou read this boo9/ (1 0ee9s a#o
I read this boo9 1 0ee9s a#o.
1. +hen did -ou find out about 2usan:s
!roblems/ (last Monda-
I found out about 2usanKs !roblems last
Monda-.
3. +here did -ou meet -our friends/ (in the
!ar9
I met m- friends in the !ar9.
;. +hen did she stud- French (. -ears a#o
2he studied French . -ears a#o.
=. +here did he 0or9 last -ear/(in a ban9
*e 0or9ed in a ban9 last -ear.
H. +hen did the- divorce/ (3 -ears a#o
,he- divorced 3 -ears a#o.
F. *o0 did she die/ (in a train accident
2he died in a train accident.
E. +ho 0as Mihai Eminescu/ (a Romanian !oet
Mihai Eminescu 0as a Romanian !oet.
(J. +hen 0as he born/ (in (EH1
*e 0as born in (EH1.
,recutul 6ontinuu


A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ%
2ubiect B 0as (!ers.IAIII s# A 0ere (restul
!ers. B ?erbul la infinitiv B terminatia C&in#C
Exem!le%
(. I 0as learnin# a !oem at this time
-esterda-.
.. )ou 0ere 0aterin# the flo0ers at this time
-esterda-.
1.,he- 0ere mendin# the radio at this time
-esterda-.
Intero#ativ%
+as (!ers.IAIII s# A +ere (restul !ers. B
2ubiect B ?erbul la infinitiv B terminatia C&in#C
Exem!le%
(. +as I learnin# a !oem at this time
-esterda-/
.. +ere -ou 0aterin# the flo0ers at this time
-esterda-/
1. +ere the- mendin# the radio at this time
-esterda-/
$e#ativ%
2ubiect B 0as (!ers.IAIII s# A 0ere (restul
!ers. B not B ?erbul la infinitiv B terminatia C&
in#C
2e folosesc adesea contractiile 0asn:t (0as B
not si 0eren:t (0ere B not
Exem!le%
(. I 0asn:t learnin# a !oem at this time
-esterda-.
.. )ou 0eren:t 0aterin# the flo0ers at this
time -esterda-.
1.,he- 0eren:t mendin# the radio at this time
-esterda-.

7. Folosim ,recutul 6ontinuu !entru%
D a ex!rima o actiune in desfasurare ce a avut
loc in trecut
Exem!le%
2he 0as !la-in# in her room at this time
-esterda-.
,he- 0ere listenin# music at this time last
2aturda-.
D a ex!rima o actiune re!etata de&a lun#ul unei
!erioade de tim!
Exem!le%
<id she as9 an- Iuestions/
Oh, she 0as as9in# Iuestions all the time.
<id he bu- an- s0eets/.
Oh, he 0as bu-in# s0eets all the time.
6. Ex!resii cu care se foloseste adesea ,recutul
6ontinuu%
at this time -esterda-, from ... to ..., all da-,
for ...
Exem!le%
(. ,om 0as t-!in# some letters at this time
-esterda- .
.. 2he 0as !la-in# Iuitar from = to F o:cloc9.
1. ,he- 0ere lau#hin# all da-.
3. 2he 0as livin# in an old buildin# for = -ears.