Limba Straina II

UNIVERSITATEA PETRE ANDREI DIN IAI
DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRU NVMNT CU

FRECVEN REDUS I NVMNT LA
DISTAN
FACULTATEA DE ECONOMIE
LIMB STRIN II
Anul I, Semestrul II
RALUCA STOICA
Raluca STOICA
CUPRINS
1.
Recruitment procedure
Activitate
tematic
pentru
consolidarea
vocabularului
Prezentul simplu
Prezentul continuu
Aplicaii practice
Teste de autoevaluare
Soluii la testele de autoevaluare
2.
The CV and the Letter of Application

Activitate pentru consolidarea vocabularului
tematic
Prezentul perfect simplu
Aplicaii practice
Lucrare de verificare
3.
The Market Economy
Activitate
tematic
pentru
consolidarea
Trecutul simplu
Trecutul continuu
Aplicaii practice
Limba englez
vocabularului
Raluca STOICA
4.
Inflation
Activitate pentru consolidarea vocabular tematic
Modaliti de exprimare a viitorului
Aplicaii practice
Lucrare de verificare
Bibliografie (de elaborare a cursului)

Ciuciuc, Olea, English for Business Purposes, Teora, Bucureti 1999
Emmerson, Paul, Business Grammar Builder, Macmillan, 2002
Evans V. , Grammarway 4, Express Publishing House, 1999
Evans V. , Grammarway 3, Express Publishing House, 1999
FLOWER, John, Phrasal Verb Organiser, Heinle, Thomson, 2002
Lott, Hester, Real English Grammar, Marshal Cavendish Education, 2005
McCarthy Michael, Grammar for Business, Cambridge University Press,
2009
Paidos, Constantin, Gramatica limbii engleze, Institutul European, 1993
Pile, Louise, Intelligent Business workbook, Longman, 2005
Robbins, Sue, Business Vocabulary in Practice, HarperCollins Publishers,
2006
Rogers, John, Market Leader, English Practice File, Longman, 2005
Sion Chris, Talking Business in Class, Delta Publishing, 2008
Tullis, G., New Insights into Business, Express Publishing House, 2004
Turcu, Fulvia, Limba englez pentru ntreprinztori i oameni de afaceri,
Editura Sagittarius Iai, 1991
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
INTRODUCERE
Modulul intitulat Limba modern ( englez) se studiaz n anul I i vizeaz
dobndirea de competene n domeniul limbii engleze pentru afaceri.
Obiectivele cadru pe care i le propun sunt urmtoarele:
formarea deprinderilor necesare pentru receptarea

si decodarea corect a unui mesaj scris i/ sau vorbit n
aceasta limb strin att la nivelul comunicrii orale ct i
la acel al limbii scrise;
asimilarea vocabularului cu specific economic;
dezvoltarea abilitilor de comunicare in limba

englez.
Coninutul este structurat n urmtoarele uniti de nvare:
Recruitment procedure
The CV and the letter of application
The Market Economy
Inflation
In prima unitate de nvare, intitulat Recruitment procedure, vei regsi
operaionalizarea urmtoarelor competene specifice:
te vei familiariza cu procedura urmat att de candidat ct i de

angajator pentru a fi angajat sau pentru a angaja personal;
vei putea discuta despre posibilitile pe care le are o persoana n
cutarea unui loc de munc;
vei putea diferenia i folosi n context prezentul simplu i prezentul
continuu;
pentru aprofundare i autoevaluare i propun exerciii i teste adecvate.
Dup ce ai parcurs informaia esenial, n a doua unitate de nvare, The CV
and the Letter of Application, vei achiziiona, odat cu cunotinele oferite, noi
competene:
Limba englez
s i redactezi propriul CV dup modelul Europass;

s redactezi o scrisoare de intenie
4
Raluca STOICA
s participi la simularea unui proces de recrutare/selecie (realizarea

unui anun pentru un post vacant, a unui interviu simulat etc)
vei putea diferenia i folosi n context prezentul perfect simplu i
prezentul perfect continuu
care i vor permite s rezolvi testele propuse i lucrarea de verificare
corespunztoare primelor dou uniti de nvare. Ca sa i evaluez gradul de
nsuire a cunotinelor, vei rezolva o lucrare de evaluare pe care, dup
corectare o vei primi cu observaiile adecvate i cu strategia corect de nvare
pentru modulele urmtoare.
Dup ce ai parcurs informaia esenial, n a treia unitate de nvare, The
Market Economy, vei achiziiona, odat cu cunotinele oferite, noi
competene:
s faci distincia ntre conceptul de economie centralizat,

economie de pia i cea de tip mixt;
s discui despre avantajele i dezavanatajele celor dou tipuri de

economii;
vei putea diferenia i folosi n context trecutul simplu i trecutul
continuu;
te vei familiariza cu verbele neregulate cele mai uzitate n limba
englez
pentru aprofundare i autoevaluare i propun exerciii i teste adecvate.
.
Dup ce ai parcurs informaia esenial, n a patra unitate de nvare, intitulat
Inflation, vei achiziiona, odat cu cunotinele oferite, noi competene:
s ai capacitatea de a explica n cuvintele tale, n limba englez noiunea

de inflaie;
vei fi asimilat elemente noi de vocabular tematic
te vei fi familiarizat cu modaliti de exprimare a viitorului n limba
englez
pentru aprofundare i autoevaluare i propun exerciii i teste adecvate
Pentru o nvare eficient ai nevoie de urmtorii pai obligatorii:
Citeti modulul cu maxim atenie;
Evideniezi informaiile eseniale cu culoare, le notezi pe hrtie, sau le

adnotezi n spaiul alb, rezervat special n stnga paginii;
Rspunzi la ntrebri i rezolvi exerciile propuse;
Mimezi evaluarea final, autopropunndu-i o tem i rezolvnd-o fr

s apelezi la suportul scris;
Compari rezultatul cu suportul de curs i explic-i de ce ai eliminat

anumite secvene;
n caz de rezultat ndoielnic, reia ntreg demersul de nvare.

Pe msur ce vei parcurge modulul i vor fi administrate dou lucrri de
verificare pe care le vei regsi la sfritul unitilor de nvare 2 i 4. Vei
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
rspunde n scris la aceste cerine, folosindu-te de suportul de curs i de

urmtoarele resurse suplimentare (autori, titluri, pagini). Vei fi evaluat dup
gradul n care ai reuit s operaionalizezi competenele. Se va ine cont de
acurateea rezolvrii, de modul de prezentare i de promptitudinea rspunsului.
40% din not provine din evaluarea continu (cele dou lucrri de verificare) i
60% din evaluarea final.
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
UNIT 1
RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
at the end of this unit the student should:
have become aware of the procedure both a candidate and an employer have to use in
order to get hired or hire new staff
be able to talk about the possibilities one has when looking for a job using topic
related vocabulary
PART I
READING
PART II
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Topic-related vocabulary
PART III
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Present Tense Simple/ Present Tense Continuous
PART IV
Practice
SELF-EVALUATION TEST
ANSWERS TO THE SELF-EVALUATION TEST
TIME NEEDED TO COVER THE TOPIC 4 hours
I. Filling a vacancy: Lead-in activities and reading

Fill in the following words in the gaps in the text below:
A.
Applicant
application
application form
apply candidate
curriculum vitae or CV (Br. E.) or rsum (US) employment

agencies
interview
job description
vacancies
references
short-listed
job
Many people looking for work read the .. advertised in

the newspapers by companies and . To reply to an
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
advertisement is to for a job. (You become a .

or an). You write an , or fill in the companys
, and send it, along with your and a
covering letter. You often have to give the names of the two people who
are prepared to write for you. If your qualifications
and abilities match the ..you might be .,
that is selected to attend an
B.
When employees give notice, i.e. inform their employer that
they will be leaving the company (as soon as their contract allows), in
what order should the company carry out the following steps?
1.
either hire a job agency (or for a senior post, a firm of
headhunters), or advertise the vacancy

2.
establish whether there is an internal candidate who could be
promoted (or moved sideways to the job

3.
examine the job description for the post, to see whether it needs to
be changed (or indeed, whether the post needs to be filled)

4.
follow up the references of candidates who seem interesting
5.
invite the short-listed candidates for an interview
6.
make a final selection
7.
receive applications, curricula vitae and covering letters, and
make a preliminary selection (a short list)

8.
try to discover why the person has resigned
9.
write to all the other candidates to inform them that they have
been unsuccessful
C. Listening (NIB, p23): 1.You will hear David Smyth, the Personnel
Manager of a Major European Insurance company, answering
questions about the way he interviews and selects candidates.
In the first extract he talks about the four points listed below. Listen
and number them in the order in which he mentions them.
a the mistakes a candidate can make at an interview
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
b the qualities a candidate must have

c his advice to interviewees
d the kinds of things a candidate is expected to know
Listen again and make notes on each point.
2. In the second extract, David Smyth talks about the stages of an
interview. Listen to what he says and complete the following chart.
1 Interviewer is informed that the candidate has arrived
2
3
4
5
6
7
D. This is part of a report that a personnel manager wrote after
interviewing a candidate for the position of Director of Software
Development. Pay attention to the use of the present tense simple and
present tense continuous
INTERVIEW ASSESSMENT:
Articulate (coherent) and well presented, Paul Sutherland is an excellent
candidate for the post of Director of Software development. He wants to
leave his present employer, a small computer company because he feels
that he does not use his knowledge of software engineering to the full.
He is looking for a more challenging position where his field of
specialization can be exploited in a more stimulating environment. He
Limba englez
Raluca STOICA
realizes that our company is growing rapidly, and that he would be

expected to contribute to that growth. He is familiar with our existing
range of software and regularly reads our publications. Although at
present he is living in the south, he says that he is willing to go wherever
we decide to send him. He occasionally travels to various European
countries for trade fairs and exhibitions and enjoys meeting people of
different nationalities. At the moment he is attending a training course at
the Goethe Institute in order to perfect his German.
Personnel Manager
27 January 2000
II. Build your vocabulary
A. Complete the sentences with a suitable item from the box:1
applicant
a covering letter
a headhunter
a probationary
period
a vacancy
financial package
a reference
interview
resume a shortlist
1.
The starting salary of the successful .........................will be
decided on the basis of qualifications and experience.

2.
The usual American English word for CV is
3.
Our company has .for a graduate in economics.
4.
Applicants will be called for ..between 10
and 16 April.
5.
We ask all our new employees to work . of
between one and three months.

6.
The interview panel will draw up of only five
candidates.
7.
Please send ..together with your CV.
Rogers, John, Market Leader, workbook, pp. 32-33, Longman, Pearson Education Limited, 2005.
Limba englez
10
Raluca STOICA
8.
It is usual to ask your previous employer for when
you apply for a job.

9.
For high performers, a good is not all that
matters. They need a challenge as well.

10.
They hired to attract some executives from a
rival company.
III. Language focus: Present simple/ Present Continuous

Present Tense Simple
Forms:
Affirmative: I work at a hotel.
Negative:
I do not work (dont)
You work
You do not work
He/She/It works
He/she /it does not
We work
We do not work.
You work
You do not work
They work.
They do not work.
Interrogative: Do I work
Do you work?
Does she work?.....
USE:
It is used for permanent states, repeated actions and daily
routines.
Ex:
He works at a hotel (permanent state)

He meets the sales reps every Thursday. (daily routine/repeated
actions)
For general truths and laws of nature: Water boils at 100 C.
For timetables (planes, trains, etc.) and programmes;
The plane to London takes off at 6:50 am.
Limba englez
11
Raluca STOICA
The present simple is used with the following time expressions:
usually (de obicei); generally (n general), often (adesea), always

(ntotdeauna), never (niciodat), everyday (n fiecare zi), every year, on
Thursday, at night (noaptea), in the morning, in the afternoon, in the
evening (dimineaa, la prnz, seara).
If the adverb is negative, the verbal form will be positive. We never
have a rest in the afternoon.
Third person sg. spelling peculiarities:
General rule; verb + s: set- sets
Verbs that end in: ss, sh, ch, x, ob + es: scratches, fixes, misses
Verbs that end in vowel + y add s: say-says
Verbs that and in consonant + y change the y into i and add es: try - tries
Present Tense Continuous

Forms:
Affirmative: I am working at a hotel these days.
Negative:
am not working (Im not)

You are working
not working
You
are
He/She/It is working
He/she /it is not working
We are working
We are not
You are working
You
are
They are working
They
are
working.
not working
not working.
Interrogative: Am I working
Are you working?
Is she working?.....
Use:
Limba englez
12
Raluca STOICA
For actions taking place now, at the moment of speaking: Sorry,
Mr Clark cant see you at the moment. Hes talking to a customer.

-
For temporary actions; that is actions that are going on around
now, but not at the actual moment of speaking.

Helen is working hard these days. Right now shes reading a newspaper.
(She is not working at the moment of speaking).
-
with the adverb always, constantly, continually, etc. for actions
which happen very often, usually to express annoyance, irritation or

anger.
Youre always forgetting to pay the bills.
-
For actions that we have already arranged to do in the near future,
especially when the time and place have been decided.

Theyre moving into their next house next week.
Melanie is getting married at 3 this afternoon.
- To talk about a changing or developing situation or a current trend
More and more forests are disappearing because of fires.
Computer games are getting better every year.
Present participle: spelling peculiarities:
General rule: verb+ ing. draw- drawing
Verbs that end in ie y +ing lie lying
Verbs that end in e, give up e and add ing; divediving
One-syllable verbs that end in vowel + consonant, double the consonant:
putputting
IV. Practice
A.
Read the text below, then use the words given to make
questions about Pierre.2

My names Pierre Meyer. Im from Luxembourg, and Im an IT
consultant. I have a passion for anything thats related to computers. I
graduated in maths and computer science from Imperial College London.
Since then, Ive been working on a very exciting project in Bulgaria,
2
Rogers, John, Market Leader, workbook, pp. 32-33, Longman, Pearson Education Limited, 2005.
Limba englez
13
Raluca STOICA
developing new software for a government ministry. In addition, I also

train the ministry IT staff in the use of new technologies.
Im going back home in three months time, when the project finishes.
Ive just read about an interesting vacancy for an IT job with a famous
bank, so Im going to apply.
I love what I do because its not only about machines. I work in a team
most of the time. On top of that, Im also responsible for training a lot of
people.
1 Pierre/ do/ for a living?
.
Hes an IT consultant.
2 Where/ from?
.
From Imperial College London.
3 think/ project in Bulgaria?
He says its very exciting
4 project/ finish?
..
In three months time.
5 job/ only about computers?
.
No, it isnt. He very often works with
people.
6
have/
any
other
responsibilities?
Yes. He also has to train a lot of

people.
B.
Read the text in exercise A again, then write the questions for
Pierres answers below.
Limba englez
1.
Pierre Meyer.
2..
From Luxemburg.
3.
In maths and computer science.
4.....................................................
For a government ministry.
5.
The ministry IT staff.
6.
When the project finishes.
14
Raluca STOICA
7.
An IT job with a bank.
Because I work with people,
not only computers.

9.
C.
Yes. Most of the time.
Match the sentences 1-5 with their uses a)-e).3
a) Permanent facts
b) Habits and repeated actions
c) Actions in progress at the moment of speaking
d) Temporary actions happening around now.
e) Current trends and changing situations
1. These days were selling more and more of our products abroad.
_____
2. Look! Theyre selling malt whisky at 20% discount in duty free!
_____
3. Were selling the new model, but we dont have any stock right now.
______
4. We usually sell around 40% of our annual total at Christmas time.
________
5. We sell a full range of consumer electronics, from TVs to cameras.
________
D.
Decide which order is the most usual, a) or b)
a) I every day arrive at the office at about nine.

b) Every day I arrive at the office at about nine.
a) I always check my email before doing anything else.

b) Always I check my email before doing anything else.
a) This takes a lot of time usually as I receive so many.

b) This usually takes a lot of time as I receive so many.
a) Most of the time the emails are not very urgent.

b) The emails are most of time not very urgent.
Emmerson, Paul, Business Grammar Builder, pp.12-17 Macmillan, 2002.
Limba englez
15
Raluca STOICA
a) I quite often get junk email from companies I dont know
about.
b) I get quite often junk email from companies I dont know
about.
6
a) I about once a month delete all my junk email.

b) I delete all my junk email once a month.
E.
Jane introduces Claude to Joa in London. Complete the
dialogue by putting each of the verbs in brackets into the correct

form of the present simple.
Jane: Claude, (1) .. (you/know) Joa? Joa
. (be) from Brazil, but he worked with me in Paris
last year. He . (know) a lot about your line of
work.
Claude: Really! Well I (be) very pleased to meet you,
Joa.
Joa:
Pleased to meet you Claude.
Claude: So, what exactly .(you/do)

Joa:
I .(work) in the oil industry as a market analyst.
Claude: Oh, so you . (make) decisions about level of

production?
Joa:
No, I . (not make) any decisions really. My
job .. (involve) studying market trends and giving

advice on levels of production.
Claude:
Joa:
Still, thats a lot of responsibility.

Well, yes, but Brazil (not/be) a major
producer like Saudi Arabia. What about you?

Claude:
(supply)
I work for a French company that

specialised
equipment
to
the
oil
industry.
We
..(be) one of the biggest companies in our market.

Joa:
Oh, really? And (you/often/come) to
London?
Limba englez
16
Raluca STOICA
Claude:
Yes,
quite
often.
..(have)
My
an
company
office
here.
It
.(not/ take) long to get here now, if you travel by

Eurostar. Could I give you my card?
F. Complete this newspaper article about the Brazilian company
Gerdau by using the words from the list below. Each set of words
fills two spaces.
is becoming/companies
is making/flexible
is
attracting/attention is approaching/ market share

getting/right is raising/plants
is
is beginning/expectations
is
modernising/law
Gerdau: a Brazilian success story
Gerdau, the Brazilian steel maker, 1a.. one of Latin
Americas most successful 1b.. . It 2a..
productivity in its 2b; it 3a the price
and
timing
of
its
takeovers
and,
of
smaller
most
4a.
to
companies
important,
understand
3b
it
investors
4b. . Investors want a firm thats focused and

transparent, with a simple share structure, and thats exactly what
Gerdau gives them.
The only problem in the short term is a problem of success. Gerdau
5a a 50% 5b in its domestic market,
and so it 6a the 6b .of Cade, the
monopolies authority.
These days its much easier to do business in Brazil. The government is
simplifying
the
company-tax
structure,
it
7a.the labour market more.7b

by changing the restrictive labour laws, and it.8a
company8b in general.
Limba englez
17
Raluca STOICA
G. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the

present simple or present continuous.
1. I . (look at) the details on the screen right now.
2. I . (look at) the sales results in detail every
month.
3. The production line .. (not, work) at weekends.
4. The production line (not, work) at the moment.
5. Yes, I agree. I .(think) its a good idea.
6. I . (think) about it. Ill let you know tomorrow.
7. Helen ..(stay) at the Astoria while shes in Madrid this
month.
8. Helen . (stay) at the Astoria when shes in Madrid.
9. We ..(take) a sample for testing once a day.
10. We ..(take) a big risk if we go ahead with the project.
11. They. (be) usually very flexible if we need to change the
order.
12. They . (be) flexible about giving us credit for a few more
months.
H.
Read about Celines daily routine and make sentences, as in the
example. Then, talk about your daily routine using adverbs of frequency.
Morning: - usually wake up at 7
-
always drive to work
normally get to work by 9
Evening: - usually have dinner at 6

-
often watch TV
never go to bed before 11
I.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

Maggie and Jill, two friends, are talking at a party.
M: Jill, how nice to see you. I (not think) weve seen each other
since that party at Jims last year. How.. (you/get on)?
Limba englez
18
Raluca STOICA
J: Oh, fine. Everything .. (go) very well.

M: .. (you still/go out) with Dave?
J: No, Im not, but I .(go out) with someone called
Jamie: I met him at my pottery class.
M: Is he here now?
J: Yes look, hes over there. He (talk) to Charlotte.
M: Oh, yes, I. (see) him.
. (he/wear) a yellow jumper?
J: Yes, thats him.
M: Oh, he (look) really nice.
J: He is. Ill introduce you to him when he (come) over here.
So what about you? How ..(life/treat) you?
M: Not too badly. I . (still/ work) at that awful caf. I.
keep
looking
for
other
jobs
but
the
problem
is
that
. (feel) so tired when I.(get in) that

I(not have) much energy to look through all the job ads and
everything. Oh well, I .. (suppose) something else will come
up soon.
J: I.. (hope so). Oh look, Jamie.(come over)
here.
. (you/want) to meet him?
Oh, yes.
SELF-EVALUATION TEST:
1. Cross out the item which does not normally go with the key word.
a)
an interview: to call for, to hold, to carry out, to apply
b)
a post: to shortlist, to take up, to appoint somebody to
c)
applicants: to interview, to reject, to advertise, to shortlist
d)
ones CV: to fill up, to submit, to update, to send
e)
a contract: to sign, to terminate, to enter into, to work
f)
a salary: to earn, to pay, to receive, to submit
2. Read the texts and put the verbs in brackets into the present
simple or the present continuous.
Limba englez
19
Raluca STOICA
a) Michael McIntosh ..(be) a very busy man. Every morning, he

(leave) home at 8 oclock, and (go) to his office. He
.(usually/have) meetings until lunchtime, and in the
afternoon, he (often/visit) the people of Madewell. He
really(enjoy) talking to people.
At the moment, he and his team .(organize) his
election campaign. There are elections in June and he .(hope) to
persuade lots of people to vote for him.
Next month, he .(go) to London to meet the Prime
Minister. They ..(have) a meeting to discuss future plans for
Madewell.
b) Debbie ..(work) as an administrator at the university.
She ..(organize) all the timetables and teaching schedules. She
..(work) very long hours at the moment because its the start of
the academic year but she .(go) on a short holiday at the end
of the month.
c) Simon and Sylvia ..(stay) in a cottage in the
Yorkshire Dales this month. The cottage(belong) to a cousin of
Sylvias but the cousin is away: she(cycle) around Norfolk for a
few weeks. Simon and Sylvia often (use) the cottage when
Sylvias cousin is away. They really.(enjoy) being in the middle
of the countryside.
Answers to the self-evaluation test:

1.
a) to apply; b) to shortlist; c) to advertise; d) to fill up; e) to
work; f) to submit
2.
a) is; leaves; goes; has, visits, enjoys; are organizing; hopes;
goes; have
b) works; organizes; is working; is going
Limba englez
20
Raluca STOICA
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Ciuciuc, Olea, English for Business Purposes, Teora, Bucureti 1999.

Emmerson, Paul, Business Grammar Builder, Macmillan, 2002.
Evans V. , Grammarway 4, Express Publishing House, 1999.
Evans V. , Grammarway 3, Express Publishing House, 1999.
Paidos, Constantin, Gramatica limbii engleze, Institutul European, 1993.
Pile, Louise, Intelligent Business, workbook, Pearson Education
Limited, 2005.
Tullis, G., New Insights into Business, Express Publishing House, 2004.
Turcu, Fulvia, Limba englez pentru ntreprinztori i oameni de
afaceri, Editura
Sagittarius Iai, 1991.
Limba englez
21
Raluca STOICA
UNIT 2: THE CV AND THE LETTER OF APPLICATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
have become aware of the procedure both a candidate and an employer have to use in
order to get hired or hire new staff
be able to talk about the possibilities one has when looking for a job using topic
related vocabulary
PART I
READING
PART II
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
PART III
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Present Perfect Simple/ Present Perfect Continuous
PART IV
PRACTICE
TIME NEEDED TO COVER THE TOPIC: 4 hours
D. The Curriculum Vitae

REMEMBER:
The CV (resume) is an OUTLINE of all you have to offer a prospective
employer. It is a presentation of your qualifications, your background,
and your experiences, arranged in such a way as to convince a
businessperson to grant you an interview. It is the first impression you
make on an employer. For that reason, it must look professional and
exemplify those traits you want the employer to believe you possess.
Limba englez
22
Raluca STOICA
Study the CV carefully to see how Fiona Scott has presented the
information about herself. Where do you think each of the headings
should be placed? Are CVs in your country presented differently?
References
Skills
Activities
Personal Details
Education
Professional experience
---------------Fiona Scott
52 Hanover Street
Edinburgh EH2 5LM
Scotland
Phone: 0131 449 01237
E-mail: fiona.scott@caledonia.net
------------------1991-1992 London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Diploma in
Public Relations
1988-1991 University of London BA (Honours) in Journalism and
Media Studies (Class II)
1981-1988 Broadfield School, Brighton A levels in German (A),
English (B), History (B) and Geography (C)
-----------------1995-present Public Relations Officer, Scottish Nature Trust
Responsible for researching and writing articles on all aspects of the
Trusts activities and ensuring their distribution to the press
Editor of the Trusts monthly journal
In charge of relations with European environmental agencies
1992-1995 Press Officer, highlands Tourist Board
Preparation of promotional materials and brochures
Co-ordination of media coverage
Summers of The Glasgow Tribune newspaper
1990 and 1991
Two three-month training periods as assistant to the
Sorts Editor
Arranging and conducting interviews
Preparation of articles covering local community sports
events
-----------------IT
Office 2000 and windows NT, Excel, Internet, Powerpoint
Languages Fluent German and proficient in French
Additional Driving licence (car and motorcycle)
Limba englez
23
Raluca STOICA
-----------------Skiing, rock climbing, swimming

Ski Instructor (grade II)
Secretary of the local branch of Action, an association organizing
sports activities for disabled children
------------------Geoffrey Williams
Professor of Jouranlism
University of London
Tel.: (office)
Address: (office)
Brenda Denholm
Sports Editor
The Glasgow Tribune
Tel.: (office)
Address: (office)
E. The Letter of application
REMEMBER:
A letter of application is a sales letter in which you are both a
salesperson and a product, for the purpose of an application is to attract
an employers attention and persuade him/her to grant you an interview.
To do this, the letter presents what you can offer the employer rather
than what you want from the job.
Like a CV, it is a sample of your work; and it is, as well, an opportunity
to demonstrate, not just talk about, your skills and personality. If it is
written with flair and understanding and prepared with professional
care, it is likely to hit its mark.
52 Hanover Street
Edinburgh
EH2 5LM
UK
th
8 January 2000
Natalie Baudoin
Patagonia Gmbh
Reitmorstrasse 50
8000 Munich 22
Germany
Dear Ms Baudoin,
I am writing to apply for the position of Public Affairs Associate which
was advertised last month in the Independent.
Although I am presently employed by a non-profit making organization,
it has always been my intention to work in a commercial environment. I
have been working for this organization for five years but I would
Limba englez
24
Raluca STOICA
particularly welcome the chance to become a member of your

companys staff as I have long admired both the quality of the products
that it provides and its position as a defender of environmental causes.
As you will notice on my enclosed CV, the job you are offering suits
both my personal and professional interests.
My work experience has familiarized me with many of the challenges
involved in public relations today. I am sure that this, together with my
understanding of the needs and expectations of sport and nature
enthusiasts, would be extremely relevant to the position. Moreover, as
my mother is German, I am fluent in this language and would definitely
enjoy working in a German speaking environment.
I would be pleased to discuss my curriculum vitae with you in more
detail at an interview. In the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact
me if you require further information.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Fiona Scott
II. Useful language:
Letters of application:
To begin letters:
I am writing to apply for the position/ position
of.. advertised in yesterdays

I am writing in connection with /with regard to the
vacancy in your Sales Department, as advertised in The Times on/of 14th
October.
Experience / qualifications: I am currently/ At present I am employed/
working as
I was employed as (position) by (company)
from (date) to (date)
During this time, I held the position of.
/was responsible for. My duties included
I have received training in../completed
an apprenticeship, etc.
My qualifications include/I am presently studying/ attending a
course
Limba englez
25
Raluca STOICA
I am due to take my final examinations in June

I have /hold/ obtained/was awarded a degree/diploma/certificate in
I have successfully/recently/completed a course in (subject) at (place)
To end letters:
I enclose/ please find enclosed my CV/references from.
I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience/ as soon as
possible.
I would be available for an interview at any time/ until the end of June/
etc.
I would be pleased/ happy to supply you with any further
information/details..
Please contact me should you have any questions/queries.
III. Language focus:
Present Perfect Simple and Continuous
Present Perfect Simple:
Affirmative: S+ have/has+ Past Participle; Negative: S+ have/has + not
+ Past Participle
I have (Ive) arrived
I have not arrived (havent)
You have arrived
You have not arrived
He/ she/ it has arrived
He/she/it has not arrived
We have arrived
We have not arrived
You have arrived
You have not arrived
They have arrived
They have not arrived
Interrogative: Have I arrived?

Have you arrived?
Has he/she/it arrived?
The past participle: the past participle of the regular verbs is formed by
adding ed to the short infinitive form of the verb: play-played
Spelling rules:
Limba englez
verbs that end in e drop the e: to translate- translated;

26
Raluca STOICA
one-syllable verbs that end in short vowel + consonant double the
final consonant: to stop stopped;

-
The plurisyllabic verbs that end in short vowel+ consonant double
the final consonant only if the accent falls on the last syllable: To prefer
preferred;
-
verbs that end in l double the final consonant regardless of the
accent: to travel-travelled;
-
verbs that end in consonant +y, -y changes into i: to try- tried
verbs that end in vowel +y, y remains unchanged; to play- played
The ending ed is read

-
/d/ after vocalic and consonant sounds: played /pleid/ closed;
opened; moved; lived

-
/t/ after voiceless consonant sounds; dressed; washed; asked;
watched; stopped
-
/id/ after the sounds /t/ si /d/: translated
USE:
For an action which started in the past and continues up to the
present, especially with state verbs such as be, have, like, know, etc. In
this case we often use for and since.
Rachel has had this job for three years.
For and action which has recently finished and whose result is
visible in the present

She has just washed her hair. (She has now wrapped her hair in towel,
so the action has finished).
For an action which happened at an unstated time in the past. The
exact time is not mentioned because it is either unknown or unimportant.

The emphasis is placed on the action.
The Taylors have bought a sailing boat. (The exact time is unknown or
unimportant. What is important is the fact that they now own a sailing
boat.)
He has broken his arm.
Limba englez
27
Raluca STOICA
For an action which has happened within a specific period which
is not over at the moment of speaking. We often use words and

expressions such as: today, this morning, afternoon, week, month, year
etc.
She has received three faxes this morning. (it is still morning)
She received three faxes this morning (it is afternoon or evening)
Present Perfect Continuous
Affirmative: S + have been/has been + V-ing
I have been writing since 2 oclock in the morning.
She has been writing since 2 oclock in the morning.
Negative:
S + have+ not+ been+ V-ing
I have not been writing (havent been) since 2 oclock in the morning.
She has not been writing since 2 oclock in the morning.
Interrogative: Have+ S + been + V-ing
Have you been writing?
Has she been writing?
USE:
-
To put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the
past and continues up to the present, especially with time expressions

such as: for, since, all morning/ day
Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours.
-
For an action which started in the past and lasted for some time.
The actions may have finished or may still be going on.

He is dirty. He has been playing football.
-
To express anger, irritation or annoyance.
Somebody has been giving away our plans.

Note: With the verbs live, work, teach and feel (=have a particular
emotion) we can use the present perfect or present perfect
continuous with no difference in meaning.
We have lived/ have been living here for twenty years.
Limba englez
28
Raluca STOICA
Both Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous are used
with the following time expressions:

How long
How long have you known Jack?
How long have you been learning English?
For
I have known Jack for five years.
I havent seen Emily for a long time.
Since
They have been married since last April.
Lately/recently
Have you seen any good films lately/recently?
-
Urmatoarele adverbe si locutiuni adverbiale sint specifice
timpului Present Perfect

Already
We have already seen this film.
Yet
Has Roger left yet? Simon has not finished yet.
Just
I have just phoned Bill.
Always
She has always loved animals.
Ever
Have you ever been abroad?
Never
She has never been to France.
So far
I have sent twenty invitations so far.
Limba englez
29
Raluca STOICA
IV. Practice
A. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs into a form of the
present perfect. Use contractions where possible.
1. Are you sure it isnt working? .(you/try) it?
2. I (never/see) such a boring presentation.
3. Luckily, our customers ..(not/complain)
about the price rise.
4. We .(already /spend) quite a lot of money on
this project.
5. ..(they/reply) to your last email?
6. I .(not/get) the figures to hand can I call you
back later?
7. Unemployment ..(go/up) by 2% since January.
8. Im sorry, shes not here. She.. (just/leave).
9. Their shares ..(fall) by 15% since the merger.
10.
(you/ever/take)
the
Eurostar
to
Brussels?
B. Underline the correct tense:
1. Liz and I are good friends. We know/have known each other for four
years.
2. Sarah is very tired. She has been working/is working hard all day.
3. Where is John? Hes upstairs. He does/is doing homework.
4. I cant go to the party on Saturday. I am leaving/have been leaving for
Spain on Friday night.
5. Jane has finished/is finishing cleaning her room, and now she is going
out with her friends.
6. I didnt recognize Tom. He looks/is looking so different in a suit.
7. I dont need to wash my car. Jim washes/has washed it for me already.
8. Ian has been talking/is talking to his boss for an hour now.
9. Claires train arrives/has arrived at 3 oclock. I must go and meet her
at the station.
Limba englez
30
Raluca STOICA
10. Would you like to borrow this book? No. thanks. I have read/have
been reading it before.
11. Where are you going/do you go? To the cinema. Would you like to
come with me?
12. Have you seen my bag? I am searching/have been searching for it all
morning.
13. Is Colin here? I dont know. I havent seen/havent been seeing him
all day.
14. Sophie is very clever. She is speaking/speaks seven different
languages.
15. We are moving/have moved house tomorrow. Everything is packed.
C. You are writing a letter to a friend. In the letter you give news
about yourself and other people. Use the words given to make
sentences. Use the present perfect.
Dear Chris,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1 I/buy/ a new car..
2 my father/ start/a new job..
3 I give up/smoking..
4 Charles and Sarah/go/to Brazil.
5 Suzanne/have/a baby..
D. You are asking somebody questions about things he or she has
done. Make questions from the words in brackets.
1. (ever/ride/horse?)
2. (ever/be/California?) .
3. (ever/run/marathon?)
4. (ever/speak/famous person?) ..
5. (always /live/in this town?)
6. (most beautiful place/ever/visit?) ..
E. Read the situations and complete the sentences:
Limba englez
31
Raluca STOICA
1. The rain started two hours ago. Its still raining now.
Itfor two hours.
2. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. Were still waiting
now. We..for 20 minutes.
3. I started Spanish classes in December. Im still learning Spanish now.
since December.
4. Ann began looking for a job six months ago. Shes still looking now.
..for six months.
5. Mary started working in London on 18 January. Shes still working
there now. .. since 18 January.
6. Years ago you started writing to a pen friend. You still write to each
other regularly now. We for years.
F. Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in
brackets.
1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and
now he is on page 53.
(read/for two hours)
(read/53 pages so far)
2. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment.
She began her tour three months ago.
(Travel/for three months) She
(visit/six countries so far)
3. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten
years old. This year he is national champion again- for the fourth time.
(Win/the
national
championship
again
for
the
fourth
time)
(play/tennis since he was ten).
4. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together.
They still make films.
Limba englez
32
Raluca STOICA
(Make/ten films since they left college) They..

(Make/ films since they left college).
G. Read this text about the performance of the Ford car company.
Complete the text with the verbs from the list below, using the
present perfect.
make fall
launch
be
have
cut
withdraw
spend take perform

FORD: the road to recovery
Although Ford.operating profits of over $7 billion in its
American market this year, the story in Europe
very
different.
Its
market
share
..from 12% six years ago to only 9% now. The truth is

that rivals like Volkswagen and Renault much better
over
recent
years.
They
..costs
and
.exciting and successful new models. In contrast,

Ford ..its large saloon, the Scorpio, which was
not selling well. But Ford .a lot more success at the
higher end of the market. Over the last few years it .a
lot of money buying brands such as Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land
Rover, and these models have much higher profit margins. It
some time to sort out the problems at Jaguar in particular, but its
now a successful part of the business.
SELF-EVALUATION TEST
A. For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:
(how long/learn/Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You
ask:
(how long/ wait?)
Limba englez
33
Raluca STOICA
3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:

(How many fish/catch?)
4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:
(how many people/invite?)..
5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:
(how long/teach).
6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:
(how many books/write?)
(how long/write/books)
7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask:
(how long/save?).
(how much money/save?).
B. Put the sentences in the right order, and then rewrite the letter.
Dear Mrs. Hunter,
A.
I enclose a reference from my present employer and I would be
grateful if you would consider my application.
B.
I have been working for Margate Education Department since
1999.
C.
With reference to your advertisement in Thursdays edition of the
Daily Star, I am interested in applying for the position of Primary school
teacher.
D.
I am available for an interview any weekday morning.
E.
During this time, I have enjoyed teaching a variety of subjects,
including English, General Science and Games.
F.
I completed my certificate in Education at Preston Teacher
Training College in 1998.
G.
H.
I consider myself to be punctual, hard-working and fair.
I.
I am 28 years old and currently teaching at Margate. I have a BSc
degree awarded by Glasgow University in 1997
J.
I enjoy working with children and have good organizational
skills.
Yours sincerely,
Steven Davies
Answers to the self-evaluation test

A.
2) How long have you been waiting?; 3) How many fish
have you caught? 4) How many people have you invited? 5) How
long have you been teaching? 6) How many books have you
Limba englez
34
Raluca STOICA
written?/ How long have you been writing books? 7) How long
have you been saving? / How much money have you saved?
B.
Dear Mrs Hunter,

With reference to your advertisement in Thursdays edition of the Daily
Star, I am interested in applying for the position of Primary school
teacher.
I am 28 years old and currently teaching at Margate. I have a BSc degree
awarded by Glasgow University in 1997. I completed my certificate in
Education at Preston Teacher Training College in 1998.
I have been working for Margate Education Department since 1999.
During this time, I have enjoyed teaching a variety of subjects, including
English, General Science and Games.
I consider myself to be punctual, hard-working and fair. I enjoy working
with children and have good organizational skills.
I enclose a reference from my present employer and I would be grateful
if you would consider my application. I am available for an interview
any weekday morning.
Yours sincerely
Steven Davies
TEST: recruitment procedure and recruitment file (CV and

letters of application)
A. Write your Cv using the Europass template
B. Read the advertisement and complete the following recruitment
file.
JOB SPECIFICATION
1 Company
5 Salary
2 Location..
6 Benefits..
3 Position
7Contact
4 Duties.
PERSON SPECIFICATION
8Essential
Limba englez
9Desirable
35
Raluca STOICA
SALES NEGOTIATOR
What price sales success?
Dealing in the oil and fuels market is a high-powered activity, and
Texaco Fuel and Marine Marketing is a major player within it. We
deliver bunker fuels to ports worldwide, negotiating the sales of many
millions of barrels of fuels each year.
So our small team is critical to profitability. Negotiating spot
sales- both prices and volumes with ship owners and shipping lines is
exceptionally competitive. It calls for a clear head and keen commercial
acumen. And since youll be working under pressure and rapidly
changing conditions, youll need to be capable of rapid decision-making.
Most important is that you are a gifted communicator. Someone capable
of both information gathering and communicating at all levels and with a
wide variety of customers, both in the UK and abroad.
Obviously a strong sense of geography is valuable and both a
European language and a background in the oil and marine industries
would be useful though not essential. The key qualities are an eye for a
deal, good telephone skills and the ability to work well within a team
environment.
The price of achievement is high. For the right individual we offer
a competitive salary and an attractive benefits package which includes a
share option scheme as well as the prospect for career advancement
within this world-leading oil company.
We are currently based in Knightsbridge but we are moving to
brand new custom-designed offices in Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf.
These offices will be part of one of the highest developments of its kind
in Europe and will be linked to other centres in London by greatly
improved road and rail transport.
To apply, please write to Peter Sweetman, Human Resources
Adviser, Texaco Limited, 1 Knightsbridge Green, London SW1X7QJ.
Limba englez
36
Raluca STOICA
Write a letter of application to apply for the job advertised in the

text above.
Limba englez
37
Raluca STOICA
UNIT 3
THE INVISIBLE HAND OF THE MARKET
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
be able to distinguish between the concepts of market economy and planned economy
to debate upon the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of economies
PART I
READING
PART II
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
PART III
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Past Tense Simple/ Past Tense Continuous
PART IV
PRACTICE
I. Reading session:
By following their self-own interest in open and competitive markets,
consumers, producers and workers are led to use their economic
resources in ways that have the greatest value to the national economy
at least in terms of satisfying more of peoples wants. The first person
to point out this fact in a systematic way was the Scottish philosopher
Adam Smith, who published his most famous book An Inquiry into the
Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, in 1776. Smith was the first
great classical economist, and among the first to describe how an
economy based on a system of market could promote economic
Limba englez
38
Raluca STOICA
efficiency and individual freedom, regardless of whether people were

particularly industrious or lazy.
Smith argued that if people are naturally good and kind, a market
economy offers them a great deal of economic freedom to carry out their
good deeds, backed up by an efficient system of production which
generates more material goods and services for them to use in doing
those good works. But what if people are selfish, greedy or lazy?
Anyone who wants to enjoy more of the material goods and services
produced in a market economy faces strong economic incentives to work
hard, spend carefully, save and invest. And most successful businesses
have to produce good products, sell them at market prices, pay their
employees market wages, and treat their customers courteously even if
that isnt their natural way of doing things.
The basic reason for that kind of change in some peoples behaviour is
competition. As Adam Smith pointed out, when there are several butcher
shops in a community, any butcher who is rude or tries to sell inferior
meat at unreasonable prices soon looses business and income to other
butcher shops. () the more a greedy or selfish butcher wants to enjoy a
higher standard of living, the more he or she will try to meet the
competition and build up a large base of satisfied customers. Or, as
Smith described this feature of market economies, people are led: as if
by an invisible hand to work and behave in ways that use resources
efficiently, in terms of producing things that other people want and are
willing to pay for, even though that may have not been part of their
original intentions.
One other factor must be at work for Smiths invisible hand to function
properly: the butcher must own or rent the shop, so that he or she has the
rights to its profits. Without this right to private property and to the
profits it brings, the invisible hand of competition will not motivate
business to offer the best and most varied products at reasonable prices.
By decentralizing the control of economic resources letting individual
producers decide what and how to produce to satisfy their customers
competition and self interest insure that most resources available in a
Limba englez
39
Raluca STOICA
market economy are used efficiently, which is to say in their most

valuable uses as directed by what consumers demand and buy.
II. Build your vocabulary
A. Find words in the text that have the same meaning as the
following ones:
To warrant; hard-working; avaricious; thoroughly; well-known; to
benefit; wisely; to put aside; income; characteristic; to provide;
B. Answer the following questions:
1.
Who wrote An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth
of Nations?
2.
What is the role of competition in a market economy?
3.
Can you name the main features that make a market economy
different from a command one?

C. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B.
1. subsidy
2. overstaffing
a. The state of a company

which is unable to pay its
debts and has to be wound
up. (to wind up= a lichida
firma, compania)
b. Inability to find a job
3. unemployment
c. A component of the market

forces which when it prevails
makes prices of goods rise.
4. supply
d.
payment
by
government to producers of
certain goods to enable them
to sell their products at a low
price.
5. demand
e. Rights over property.
6.ownersship
f. Employment of personnel
in
excess
of
the
real
necessities.
7. bankruptcy
g.
component
of the
market forces which when it

Limba englez
40
Raluca STOICA
prevails
makes
prices
of
goods fall.
D. Read the following text and make a list of the features specific for
each type of economy
The Free enterprise system has the following features:

1.
Private ownership. Any of us can purchase
whatever tools of production, equipment, buildings or

stock are needed to carry on business or for other private
purposes. We can buy sell these assets just as we like.
2.
Freedom of choice. By freedom of choice we mean you are free to
choose your own job or to decide what goods and services you should
buy. Businesses or enterprises have a similar freedom. They may buy
whatever resources they wish, use them however they want to, enter
those markets which they believe to be most profitable, and generally
organise their affairs as they think best.
3.
Competition. Firms compete with one another for their business;
moreover, having obtained it, they cannot even then be sure of it for the
future. Firms have to ensure that they provide goods and services that the
consumer likes at prices that are competitive and, if they do not, they
will very quickly go out of business!
4.
Free market. Capitalisms controlling mechanism is the market,
and traditionally the Government plays a passive role-not interfering. It

is in the free market- in which businesses and individuals buy and sell
goods and services that prices are determined.
Central Planning was a concept developed by Marx. Horrified by social
injustice and the degradation of the worker caused by the 19th century
British factory system, he argued that the only remedy was control by the
State. Such a system was called a command economy, because there was
lack of choice. The State owned the countrys resources, it owned and
operated industry. The individual was subservient to the State which
Limba englez
41
Raluca STOICA
took decisions in what it perceived to be the best interest of the whole

community. The State rather than the consumer was sovereign and
decided what and how to produce the goods and services, and moreover,
who should receive these goods and services.
The Mixed Economy
All economies are, in fact, a mixture of the free enterprise and the
planned systems. In the United Kingdom central planning assumes more
importance when a socialist rather than Conservative Government is in
power. Again, the UK was, during the Second World War, one of the
most highly planned economies ever seen.
The UK and France are often cited as examples of the mixed economies.
While many of the decisions relating to what goods and services should
be produced, how they should be produced and who should receive them
are decentralised, the State does intervene in many ways.
(The Structure of Business, Pitman, 1990, pp 3-7, in
Ciuciuc, Olea, English for Business Purposes, Teora, Bucureti 1999)
E. D. Fill in the gaps with words from the list at the end of the text.
A market economy is based on private .. (1) in contrast to planned
economy where ..(2) ownership prevails. In a free market economy
efficiency is the key word, while on the other hand command economy
most likely leads to .. (3). In a free market economy inefficient
business go (4), whereas in a command economy
business are . (5), thus allowing them to survive in spite
of their non-satisfactory economic performance. This enables the latter type
of economy to resort to . (6), that is employing more personnel than
actually required. Market economy leads to high .(7) of goods and
services, while on the other hand planned economy will not focus on
offering high quality goods and services to .. (8). This is due to the
fact that in the latter type of economy there is actually no .. (9), as
there are state (10) and therefore the options of the customers are
severely restricted. On the other hand in a market economy companies
freely (11) for a larger .(12), and are thus forced to be
Limba englez
42
Raluca STOICA
efficient and employ .. (13) according to real necessities and

(14) their resources with utmost care.
bankrupt,
compete,
competition,
customers,
inefficiency,
manage,
monopolies, overstaffing, ownership, quality, share, staff, state, subsidized.

E. Collocations. Match collocations with the suitable definitions.
1. a bear market; 2 a bull market; 3 a falling market; 4 a rising market; 5 a
firm market; 6 a depressed market; 7 a sluggish market.
a. a market where there are few transactions and therefore prices go down;
b. where prices are expected to rise;
c. where there is a slow rate of activity;
d. a market in which a dealer is more likely to sell securities, foreign
exchange
e. where prices do not drop and possibly are about to rise;
f. where prices are expected to fall;
g. in which a dealer is more likely to be a buyer than a seller.4
IV. Focus on Language:

A.
Past Tense Simple (Trecutul Simplu)
1.
Adam Smith published his most famous book An Inquiry into the
Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, in 1776.

2.
Smith was the first great classical economist.
Forms: the past tense of the regular verbs is built by adding ed to the
short infinitive form of the verb. The past tense of the irregular verbs (2nd
form of the verb) can be found in the table below
Affirmative: I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they bought a new car yesterday.
I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they watched a comedy last night.
The activities C,D,E, have been taken from the text book Test your Business English Vocabulary, by Alexander
Hollinger, Teora Publishing House, Bucuresti, 2006.
Limba englez
43
Raluca STOICA
Interrogative: Did I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they/ buy a new car
yesterday?
Did I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they/ watch a comedy last
night?
Negative:
I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they did not/ didnt buy a new car
yesterday.
I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they did not/ didnt watch a comedy last night.
USE:
We use the past tense simple to describe actions and states which
happened at a definite time in the past. The time is stated, already known
or implied: yesterday, two days ago (orice combinaie cu ago), last week,
last year, in 1970, How long ago?, then, when etc.
They spent their holidays in Switzerland last winter.
They had a great time.
For actions which happened immediately one after another in the
past.
First I wrote my homework, I watched a film on the TV and then I had a
walk.
To describe habitual actions in the past (can be replaced with used
to)
People travelled/ used to travel by carriage in those days.
4. To speak about the life and the activity of people who are no longer
alive
Marilyn Monroe starred in a number of successful films. BUT Tom
Cruise has starred in a number of successful films.
The past tense of irregular verbs: spelling rules
A) verbs that end in e add dbake- baked
B) one-syllable verbs that end in vowel+ consonant double the
consonant: stop stopped
C) verbs that end in consonant+y change the y into and add ed
fry- fried
Limba englez
44
Raluca STOICA
D) verbs that end in vowel + y add ed without any other changes: staystayed
Irregular Verbs
Limba englez
Infinitive
Past simple
Past participle
be
Was/were
been
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
begin
began
begun
bend
bent
bent
bet
bet
bet
bite
bit
bitten
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
burn
Burnt/burned
Burnt/burned
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
do
did
done
dream
Dreamed/dreamt
Dreamed/dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
45
Raluca STOICA
Limba englez
fly
flew
flown
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
freeze
froze
frozen
get
got
got
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grow
grew
grown
hang
Hung/hanged
Hung/hanged
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
kept
know
knew
known
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
learn
learnt
learnt
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
let
let
let
lie
lay
lain
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
put
put
put
read
read
read
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
46
Raluca STOICA
Limba englez
rise
rose
risen
run
ran
run
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
shake
shook
shaken
shine
shone
shone
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown
shrink
shrank
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
smell
Smelt/smelled
Smelt/smelled
spend
spent
spent
spread
spread
spread
stand
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
swear
swore
sworn
swim
swam
swum
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
throw
threw
thrown
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke
woken
wear
wore
worn
win
won
won
write
wrote
written
47
Raluca STOICA
B. Past Tense Continuous:

Forms:
Affirmative: I was talking
You were talking
He/ She was talking
Negative:
I was not talking (wasnt)

You were not talking
He/she was not talking
Interrogative: Was I talking?

Were you talking?
Were they talking?
USE:
For an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past.
We do not mention when the action started or finished.

At seven oclock yesterday evening they were having dinner.
For an action which was in progress when another action
interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress
(longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted it
(shorter action).
He was walking down the street when he ran into an old friend.
For two or more simultaneous past actions.
She was talking on her mobile phone while she was driving to work.
To describe the atmosphere, setting, etc. in the introduction to a
story before we describe the man events.

One beautiful autumn afternoon, Ben was strolling down a quiet country
lane. The birds were singing and the leaves were rustling in the breeze.
The past continuous is used with the following time expressions: while,
when, as, all morning/ evening/day/ night, etc.
Limba englez
48
Raluca STOICA
V. Practice:
A.
Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:
I usually get up at 7 oclock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work,

which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have
lunch. I finish work at 5 oclock. Im always tired when I get home. I
usually cook a meal in the evening. I dont usually go out. I go to bed at
about 11 oclock. I always sleep well.
Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write what she did or
didnt do yesterday.
1.
She . at 7 o clock.
2.
She. a big breakfast.
3.
She.
4.
Itto get to work.
5.
.at 8.45.
6.
..lunch.
7.
.at 5 oclock.
8.
. tired when .home.
9.
a meal yesterday evening.
10.
..yesterday evening.
11.
..at 11 oclock.
12.
well last night.
D.
Put one of these verbs in each sentence:
Buy; catch; cost; drink; fall; hurt; sell; spend; teach; throw; win; write;
Limba englez
1.
Mozart .more than 600 pieces of music.
2.
How did you learn to drive? My father . me
3.
We couldnt afford to keep our car, so we.it.
4.
I was very thirsty. I .the water very quickly.

49
Raluca STOICA
5.
Paul and I played tennis yesterday. Hes much better than me, so
he easily.
6.
Don.down
the
stairs
this
morning
and
.his leg.
7.
Jimthe ball to Sue, who .it.
8.
Ann
lot
of
money
yesterday.
She
..a dress which ..$100.

E.
Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form,
positive or negative.
1. It was warm, so I .off my coat. (take)
2. The film wasnt very good. I ... it very much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I her. (disturb)
4. I was very tired, so I .to bed early. (go)
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ..very
well (sleep)
6. Sue wasnt hungry, so she anything. (eat)
7. We went to Kates house but she ..at home. (be)
8. It was a funny situation but nobody .. (laugh).
9. The window was open and a bird into the room.
(fly)
10. The hotel wasnt very expensive. It very much
(cost)
11. I was in a hurry, so I time to phone you. (have)
12. It was hard work carrying the bags. They .
very heavy. (be)
F. Complete the dialogue using the verbs from the list below in the past
simple. There is a mixture of affirmative, negative and question form.
There is one negative question.
go
take
think sell
like
buy
Limba englez
50
have (x2)
make (x2)
be
(x4)
Raluca STOICA
DALE:
Hi, Jill. You to the Milan fashion Show last
week, didnt you?
. you. a good trip?
JILL:
Yes, it was great.
DALE:
..you . any useful contacts?
JILL: Well, there loads of people at the show, and

I.a
lot
of
good
contacts
but
we
.. nearly as many orders as last year.

DALE:
Oh, why was that? they.. our
new styles?
JILL: No,
no,
that
..the
problem.
The
shoes
..really well, but we.. so successful with

some of our other products, like handbags, for example, and there
..much more competition this year.
DALE:
Who from?
JILL: Well, the Paul Smith stand was really busy.

DALE:
Oh,
but
his
clothes
are
expensive.
Um,
(12)
people at the show our prices were too high?

JILL: Possibly. But we the authority to lower
them at the time.
DALE:
Oh, what a shame. So it was a waste of a trip then?
JILL: Well, not exactly.I .. this great pair of Prada shoes

and this Gucci handbag
SELF -EVALUATION TEST

A. A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it.
Write your questions.
1 (where/go): Where did you go?
2 (go alone).
3 (food/good)
4 (how long/ stay there?) .
5 (stay /at a hotel?) .
6 (how/ travel?) .
Limba englez
51
Raluca STOICA
7 (the weather /fine?) .

8 (what /do in the evenings?) .
9 (meet anybody interesting?)
B. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into

either the past simple or past continuous.
Sometimes the same
tense is used twice; sometimes different tenses are used.

1.
What (eat) when you .. (go) to
Paris?
2.
While I . (negotiate) the contract, my boss
(phone) me to say that he wanted completely

different conditions.
3.
The last time something like this (happen), she
..(call) a press conference immediately.

4.
Ann .(explain) her proposal when Pedro
..(interrupt) her.
5.
We never got the chance to interview him. While we
. (investigate) the incident, he (resign).

6.
When he (finish) reading the article, he
(give) it to me.
7.
Everyone . (wait) for the meeting to begin when he
(call) to say that he was stuck in a traffic jam.

8.
When
.(clean)
the
piece
I(drop) it by mistake.
9.
I . (find) the missing file while I
(look) for some other documents.

10.
When Tim . (arrive), we ..
(tell) him what had happened.

A: 2) Did you go alone?; 3) Was the food good?; 4) How long did
you stay there?; 5) Did you stay at a hotel?; 6) How did you travel?;
Limba englez
52
Raluca STOICA
7) Was the weather fine?; 8) What did you do in the evenings?; 9)

Did you meet anybody interesting?
B.
C.
1. did you eat/ went; 2. was negotiating/ phoned; 3. happened/ called;

4. was explaining/ interrupted; 5. were investigating/ resigned; 6.
finished/gave; 7. was waiting/ called; 8. was cleaning/ dropped
it ; 9. found/ was looking; 10. arrived; told
Limba englez
53
Raluca STOICA
UNIT 4
INFLATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
be able to explain in their own words the phenomenon of inflation
PART I
READING
PART II
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
PART III
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Ways of expressing future
PART IV
PRACTICE
I. Reading session:
Will inflation remain one of the most intractable problems confronting
societies in transition from centralized to free market economies? It will
be, however, a challenge that such societies must meet if they are to
enjoy the material benefits that a market economy can provide.
Inflation is an increase in the average price level of the goods and
services produced and sold in an economy. Inflation typically occurs in a
market economy for one of two reasons: either people increase their
spending faster than producers are able to increase the supply of the
goods and services; or there is a decrease in the supply of goods and
services to consumers and/or producers, which drives up prices. Inflation
has sometimes been described as an increasing amount of money chasing
a shrinking number of goods.
Limba englez
54
Raluca STOICA
Inflation hits economies in transition hard because price liberalization

the removal of government control of prices is an essential step
towards a market economy. The initial result of such price liberalization
is predictable a wave of price increases for goods that were in chronic
short supply. Why? Because the government held their prices artificially
low, so demand perennially outstripped supply, or because of other
economic distortions and inefficiencies created by government decisionmakers. In addition, if people are holding large amounts of money at the
time of this transition (since there was little of value to buy) the pressure
of inflation can be even greater.
Nevertheless, the rewards of enduring the inevitable bout of inflation
during this transitional period are substantial. Unfettered by government,
the market mechanisms of supply and demand will begin to function.
High prices signal strong demands and the market, albeit slowly and
haltingly at first, responds with increased production. Peoples money
may have lost value, but what money they have is now real and
consumers can buy the goods that are beginning to appear in stores. With
supply increasing, prices stabilize and queues begin to disappear as
consumers realize that more and varied products will continue to be
available for sale.
Entrepreneurs and investors eager to benefit from the new economic
freedom are going to start new business and compete to provide goods
and services. Thus more jobs will be created while prices will moderate
further.
The key element in this transition is for the government to relinquish its
role in setting prices and permit the market forces of supply and demand
to establish prices for virtually all goods and services. When such a free
market is established, inflation may persist, but it is a far more
manageable and less threatening problem than in the early, hard days of
economic transition.
(What is Market economy, USIS,
1992)
MONETARY POLICY
Limba englez
55
Raluca STOICA
Monetary policy is how the government tries to improve the countrys

economy by using banks and money, acting on the level of deposits and
loans, and on interest rates and exchange rates.
As well as keeping inflation low, a government will seek to keep
unemployment low and output rising. However, it cannot do all three
things at the same time. For instance, if it is very successful in lowering
unemployment, the shortages of workers may cause wages to rise, as
employers bid for more employees. The workers will spend their
increased wages in the shops and this may cause prices to rise thereby
causing inflation to rise.
A government may have to choose therefore between these aims or
goals. Mrs. Thatchers government (in office between 1979 1990)
chose the reduction of inflation as the goal which should be given the
utmost priority. Unemployment, economic growth and the enormous gap
between exports and imports were not considered so important.
(Banking:
The
Business,
Pitman,
1990, pp. 27-28)

II. Build your vocabulary:
A. Answer the following three questions based on what you have just
read.
What is inflation?
What causes inflation?
What is meant by monetary policy?
B Match the word in column A with their corresponding definitions in
column B.
A
a Interest rate 1 The price of one currency in terms of another

b Exchange rate
2 The quantity of money issued by a countrys
monetary authorities (usually the central bank)

c Currency
3 The expansion of the output of an economy, usually
expressed in terms of the increase of national income.
Limba englez
56
Raluca STOICA
d GDP(gross domestic product)
4 The monetary value of all the goods
and services produced by an economy over a specific period.

e Recession 5 The income from an investment, or the income obtained
from a tax.
f Economic growth
6 The ability to purchase goods and
services
g Yield
7 The money in use in a particular
country
h Purchasing power 8 The amount charged for a loan, usually expressed
as a percentage of the sum borrowed
i Money supply
9 Falling investment, rising unemployment, and
sometimes falling prices

III. Focus on Language: Ways of expressing future
A.
Future Simple:
Forms:
Affirmative: Subject + will + short infinitive of the main
verb
I will (Ill) buy the red shirt.
Negative: Subject + will + not = short infinitive of the main verb
I will not buy (I wont) the red shirt.
Interrogative: Will + Subject + short infinitive of the main verb
Will you come to my party?
Use:
a)
In predictions about the future, usually with think; believe; be
afraid; probably, etc.

E.g. I believe prices will remain steady in the following months.
b)
For on the - spot decisions.
E.g. Its late. Ill take a taxi home. Ill lend you my car if you want.
c)
For actions/ events/situations which will definitely happen in the
future and which we cannot control.

Limba englez
57
Raluca STOICA
e.g. Winter will set in early this year. He will be 40 next month.
Be going to:
Use:
a)
for plans, intentions or ambitions.
e.g.
Im going to buy a sports car.
b)
in predictions when there is evidence that something will happen
in the near future.

e.g.
Someones going to fall over that box if you dont move it.
B.
To be about to
Use:
a)
in reference to the immediate future
e.g. he is about to be elected president of the merged company.

C.
To be to
Use:
a)
for a previous arrangement
e.g. Mother is to arrive tomorrow.

E.
Present Tense Simple: for timetable and official programmes:
e.g. The train leaves at eight oclock tomorrow morning.

F.
Present Tense Continuous: for a future event which is planned by
the speaker (the decision is all his/hers)

e.g. I am flying to London in order to attend the matches of the national
football team.
G. Future Continuous:
Use:
for actions which will be in progress at a stated future time.
a)
Answer the following questions giving as many answers as
possible:
Limba englez
58
Raluca STOICA
e.g. This time next week hell be flying to Morocco.

IV. Practice
A.
match the sentences 1-6 with their uses a)-f)
a)
a future fact
b)
an opinion about the future
c)
an instant decision
d)
a future plan or intention
e)
a prediction with evidence in the present situation
f)
a future arrangement
1.
Im going to ask my boss for a pay rise next week.
2.
Im sorry to hear that. Ill find out what the problem is right now.
3.
Im sorry, but I wont be here tomorrow. Ill be in Paris.
4.
Im meeting Angela for lunch. Do you want to join us?
5.
Their share price will probably rise when the market recovers.
6.
With so much competition its going to be difficult to increase
sales.
D.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1.
Voi discuta cu reprezentanii departamentului Resurse Umane n
legatura cu posturile vacante. In mod sigur sptmna viitoare vom da un

anun la ziar.
2.
Mine ntre orele 8 i 9 voi citi titlurile tuturor publicaiilor
financiare care vor fi trimise de ctre sucursala firmei noastre n Cluj.

3.
Sptmna viitoare pe vremea asta vom discuta clauzele
contractului ce va fi ncheiat conform nelegerii noastre pn pe data de

1 august.
4.
Directorul acestei firme a spus c piaa serviciilor se va dezvolta
din ce n ce mai mult n Romnia.

5.
Suntem pe punctul de a lua o msur deosebit de importanta
referitoare la strategia de dezvoltare a compartimentului de marketing.

E.
Limba englez
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense:

59
Raluca STOICA
1.
Are you looking forward to your holiday?
Oh, yes! This time next week I . (lie) on the beach.

2.
Were having a party on Saturday.
Oh, good. I.. (make) a cake to bring along.

3.
Have you finished the report yet?
Yes. I . (give) it to you in a minute.

4.
Why are you buying all those vegetables?
Because I .. (make) vegetable soup.

5.
This writing is too small for me to read.
Give it to me and I ..read it for you.

6.
Are you excited about your trip?
Yes. This time tomorrow I . (sit) on the plane.

7.
I cant hear the television very well.
I (turn up) the volume.

F.
Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the future
perfect continuous.
1.
By 3 oclock, she .. (study) for six hours.
2.
By the end of next month, Sam .. (finish) the project.
3.
He. (not/start) painting the kitchen before
Tuesday.
4.
By the time she arrives in Paris, she . (travel) for four
hours.
5.
I hope I .. (buy) my own house by the time
Im thirty-five.
6.
By Saturday, Lisa. (diet) for two weeks.
7.
Hopefully, they .. (learn) everything by the time
they sit the exam.

8.
By 4 oclock, I in the hairdressers for three
hours.
9.
By Christmas, I.. (work) for this company for
eighteen months.
10.
Limba englez
By next weekend, Brian (move) house.

60
Raluca STOICA
11.
Hopefully, the builders.. (finish) building the house
by next month.
12.
By Tuesday, Alan.. (sail) for twelve days.
G.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.
Dear Victoria,
The holidays are coming and Ive made lots of plans. This time next
week, I (buy) Christmas presents for my family and friends. I
(get) everything in one day, so that I can enjoy myself for the
rest of the holidays.
Im staying at home with my family on Christmas day, but two days later
I (leave) for Austria. Becky and I (spend) a week
there skiing. Im sure we .. (have) a wonderful time.
When I come back from Austria, I.. (probably/ have) a party,
because its my birthday on January 5th. I . (be) nineteen! I
hope you..come.
Well, I must go now. Im going to help my mother with the housework.
See you soon!
Love,
Penny
F.
Underline the correct words in each mini-dialogue.
1.
A: Are you free next Tuesday morning?
B: Sorry, Ill have/Im having a meeting with Sue.

A: Oh, right. Well, what about Thursday?
2.
A: What are your plans for next year?

B: Well open/ Were going to open a new factory in Hungary.
A: That sounds interesting.
3.
A: What do you think about their new marketing campaign?

B: I think itll probably succeed/its probably succeeding.
A: Do you really?
4.
Limba englez
A: What about tomorrow at around five thirty?

61
Raluca STOICA
B: OK, Ill see you then. / Im seeing you then.

A: Bye.
5.
A: So as you can see, Ive been thinking about this problem quite
a lot.
B: Yes, I see. So, what are you going to do? / What are you
doing?
A: Resign!
6.
A: It would be nice to see you next week.

B: Yes, it would. Are you doing anything/ Will you do anything
on Wednesday?
A: No, Im free.
G.
Complete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets into the
most appropriate future form. Choose between will, going to and the
present continuous.
1. Have you heard the news? Vivendi (buy) Seagram.
2. I.(meet) Andrea at nine next Thursday morning
outside the station.
3. Ive just had a call from Richard he . (be) late.
4. Next year .. (be) the companys centenary year.
5. This taxi driver is terrible. He .(have) an accident.
6. In the future video-conferences . (probably
replace) many international meetings.
7. We ..(test) the new machine sometime next
week.
8. I .. (go) to Manchester on Friday.
9. Would you mind waiting for a moment? I .(not be)
long.
Limba englez
62
Raluca STOICA
SELF EVALUATION TEST

A. Fill in the text with the following words: interest rates, purchasing
power, competitor, exchange rate, effect, yield, currency
Interest And Exchange Rates And Their Links With Inflation
These can be complex. When prices in the country rise, the government
may seek to raise 1to restrain people from spending. This
rise in interest rates will cause foreigners, attracted by higher
2 on their funds, to buy that currency and so raise its
3... .
Also, savers will require higher interest rates as some compensation for
the loss of 4of their savings. Unfortunately- just like the
boy who cried wolf so many times that nobody bothered when the
wolf really came- increasing interest rates too many times may have the
opposite 5.... If inflation is surging ahead, than foreign
investors may take fright and sell that currency, even though interest
rates have been raised.
A country with a high rate of inflation can usually sell its exports if it
makes them cheaper, by lowering the exchange rate (the price) of its
6.. to compensate for the high cost of its exports. For
instance, if the price of a ten pound toy made in the UK raises to 12
pound then, at DM 2.80 to 1 pound, its costs in German currency raises
from DM 28 to DM 33.60. This increase may cause German Buyers to
buy from a cheaper foreign or German 7..
B. Complete the sentences using the correct future forms of the verbs in
brackets. There may be more than one possibility.
1.
Do you think the car.. (start) if I turn on the ignition?
2.
Ive got to go now, but I (see) you next week,
OK?
3.
Limba englez
Look out! That ladder ..(fall)!
63
Raluca STOICA
4.
They say the weather (get) worse in the next
few days.
5.
I (be) a pilot when I grow up, said the little boy.
6.
The train (leave) in five minutes lets go!
7.
Now, lets look at the timetable. We _____________ (arrive) in
Rome at 6.45 and we ___________(depart) at &.30 for Naples.

8.
We ______________ (plan) to buy a new house sometime his
year.
9.
You________________ (fail) the exam if you dont study more.
10.
I _____________ (carry) those bags for you; they must be very
heavy.

A.
interest rates; yield; exchange rate; purchasing power; effect;
currency; competitor
B.
will start; Ill see; is going to fall; is going to get; am going to
be; leaves; arrive; depart; are planning; will fail; will carry
TEST: The Tenses of the Indicative Mood
Choose the correct answer:
1. I wonder if Paul me a lift to work.
a. is giving b. will give c. will be giving
2. I met Mrs Houston while I ..the shopping.
a. had done b. am doing
c. was doing
3. Hurry up! The guests .here any minute now.
a. are
b. will be
c. will have been
4. .Jane today? I have a message for her.
a. Will you be seeing? b. Will you have seen
c. Will you have
been seeing
5. Sophie hard these days in order to pass her
exams.
a. studies
b. is studying
c. studied
Limba englez
64
Raluca STOICA
6. I must go now. The bus .in five minutes.

a.
leaves
b. is leaving
c. will leave
7. How long ..in this house? Ten years.
a. do you live
b. have you lived
c. were you
living
8. I .for three hours before I finished my
homework.
a. have been studying
b. had been studying
c. was
studying
9. I couldnt get into the house because I ..my keys.
a. lose
b. have lost
c. had lost
10. Sharon ..very friendly these days, which
is surprising.
a. is
b. is being
c. was being
Complete the sentences:
A: (you/go) out last night?
B : No..(I/stay) at home.
A: What .. .. (you/do)?
B: ( I/watch) television.
A: (you/go) out tomorrow night?
B: Yes, . (I/go) to the cinema.
A: Which film (you/ see)?
B: .. (I/not/know).
(I/not/decide) yet.
A: Are you on holiday here?

B: Yes, we are.
A: How long . (you/be) here?
B: (we/arrive) yesterday.
A: And how long .. (you/stay)?
B: Until the end of the week.
A: And.. (you/like) it here?
B: Yes, (we/have) a wonderful time.
A: . (I/lose) my glasses again.
Limba englez
65
Raluca STOICA
.. (you/see) them?
B: .. (you/wear) them when
..(I/come) in.
A: Well, . (I/not/wear) them now, so where
are they?
B: (you/look) in the kitchen?
A: No, . (I/go) and look now
Limba englez
66

Limba Straina II

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Limba Straina II

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

UNIVERSITATEA PETRE ANDREI DIN IAI

DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRU NVMNT CU

The CV and the Letter of Application

The Market Economy

Bibliografie (de elaborare a cursului)

formarea deprinderilor necesare pentru receptarea

asimilarea vocabularului cu specific economic;

dezvoltarea abilitilor de comunicare in limba

te vei familiariza cu procedura urmat att de candidat ct i de

s i redactezi propriul CV dup modelul Europass;

s participi la simularea unui proces de recrutare/selecie (realizarea

s faci distincia ntre conceptul de economie centralizat,

s discui despre avantajele i dezavanatajele celor dou tipuri de

s ai capacitatea de a explica n cuvintele tale, n limba englez noiunea

Citeti modulul cu maxim atenie;

Evideniezi informaiile eseniale cu culoare, le notezi pe hrtie, sau le

Rspunzi la ntrebri i rezolvi exerciile propuse;

Mimezi evaluarea final, autopropunndu-i o tem i rezolvnd-o fr

Compari rezultatul cu suportul de curs i explic-i de ce ai eliminat

n caz de rezultat ndoielnic, reia ntreg demersul de nvare.

rspunde n scris la aceste cerine, folosindu-te de suportul de curs i de

I. Filling a vacancy: Lead-in activities and reading

curriculum vitae or CV (Br. E.) or rsum (US) employment

Many people looking for work read the .. advertised in

advertisement is to for a job. (You become a .

When employees give notice, i.e. inform their employer that

either hire a job agency (or for a senior post, a firm of

headhunters), or advertise the vacancy

establish whether there is an internal candidate who could be

promoted (or moved sideways to the job

be changed (or indeed, whether the post needs to be filled)

follow up the references of candidates who seem interesting

invite the short-listed candidates for an interview

make a final selection

receive applications, curricula vitae and covering letters, and

make a preliminary selection (a short list)

try to discover why the person has resigned

b the qualities a candidate must have

realizes that our company is growing rapidly, and that he would be

The starting salary of the successful .........................will be

decided on the basis of qualifications and experience.

The usual American English word for CV is

Our company has .for a graduate in economics.

Applicants will be called for ..between 10

We ask all our new employees to work . of

between one and three months.

The interview panel will draw up of only five

Please send ..together with your CV.

It is usual to ask your previous employer for when

you apply for a job.

For high performers, a good is not all that

matters. They need a challenge as well.

They hired to attract some executives from a

III. Language focus: Present simple/ Present Continuous

I do not work (dont)

You do not work

He/she /it does not

You do not work

They do not work.

It is used for permanent states, repeated actions and daily

He works at a hotel (permanent state)

For general truths and laws of nature: Water boils at 100 C.

For timetables (planes, trains, etc.) and programmes;

The plane to London takes off at 6:50 am.