PRESENT PERFECT-SIMPLE

SCHEMA DE FORMARE:
Afirmativ: S + have/has + Vb(III)/ Vb(-ed)
Negativ: S + have/has + not + Vb(III)/ Vb(-ed)
Interogativ: Have/has + S + Vb(III)/ Vb(-ed)?
Observatie:
Vb(III) inseamna verb la forma a treia pentru verbele neregulate.
Vb(-ed) inseamna verb cu terminatia -ed pentru verbe regulate.
1. Exprima actiuni trecute, incheiate, al caror timp de desfasurare nu este precizat.
Am mancat. = I have eaten.
2. Exprima actiuni trecute al caror rezultat este vizibil in prezent..
Oamenii au poluat Pamantul. = People have polluted the Earth.
I've lost my keys. = Mi-am pierdut cheile.
She's hurt her leg. = Ea s-a lovit la picior.
They've missed the bus. = Ei au pierdut autobuzul.
I've cooked dinner. Eu am gatit cina.
3. Exprima actiuni trecute, incheiate de foarte putina vreme.
Expresii specifice:
Just = tocmai - se pune inaintea Vb(III)/Vb(-ed)
Already = deja - se pune inaintea Vb(III)/Vb(-ed)
Yet = inca - se pune la sfarsitul propozitiei
Tocmai am terminat.=I have just finished.
Deja am terminat.= I have already finished.
N-am terminat inca.= I havent finished yet.
4. Exprima actiuni trecute, incheiate, al caror interval de desfasurare nu s-a
incheiat.
Expresii specifice:
-this week/year/month/winter/holiday = saptamana/anul/luna/iarna aceasta
-so far = pana acum
-until now = pana acum
-recently = recent
-lately = in ultima vreme
Te-am sunat de doua ori astazi. = I have phoned you twice today.
A scris o multime de poezii pana acum. = She has written a lot of poems so far.

5. Exprima actiuni trecute desfasurate cu o anumita frecventa; actiunile se mai pot

repeta.
Expresii specifice:
- Often (adesea, des)
- Seldom (rareori)
- Rarely (rar)
- Never (niciodata)
- Ever (vreodata)
L-am intalnit adesea la teatru. = I have often met him at the theatre.
N-am mancat broaste niciodata. = I have never eaten frogs.
Ai condus o masina vreodata? = Have you ever driven a car?
6. Exprima actiuni care implica precizarea duratei de desfasurare sau a momentului
de inceput; unele dintre aceste actiuni pot chiar sa continue.
Expresii:
- For (arata durata actiunii)
- Since (arata momentul de incepere al actiunii).
For (arata durata actiunii).Poate fi folosit cu orice numeral si unitate de masura a
timpului:
For two hours = timp de doua ore
For three years = timp de trei ani
For four minutes = timp de patru minute
Mai poate fi folosit cu expresii de urmatorul tip:
For a long time = de mult timp
For ages = de un car de vreme, de foarte mult timp
For a while = de ceva vreme
Nu l-am vazut de mult timp/ de doi ani. = I havent seen him for a long time/ for two
years.
I've known Julie for ten years. = Am cunoscut-o pe Julie de 10 ani.
I've been hungry for hours. = Mi-a fost foame timp de ceva ore.
She's had a cold for a week. = Ea a avut o raceala timp de o saptamana.
Since (arata momentul de incepere al actiunii).
Since lunch time = din timpul pranzului
Since 1998 = din 1998
Since the arrival = de la sosire
Since they came = de cand au venit ei
Since I was a child = de cand eram copil
I've known Sam since 1992. = L-am cunoscut pe Sam din 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child. = Mi-a placut ciocolata de cand eram copil.
She's been here since 2pm. = Ea a fost aici de la 2.

BEEN AND GONE

In acest timp folosim si been si gone ca participiul trecut al verbului to go, dar in
diferite circumstante.
BEEN
I've been to Paris.
She has been to school today.
They have never been to California.
GONE
'Where's John?' 'He's gone to the shops' .
Julie has gone to Mexico.
They've gone to Japan for three weeks.

TO EAT
Afirmativ
I have eaten
You have eaten
He/She/It has eaten
We have eaten
You have eaten
They have eaten

Negativ
I have not eaten
You have not eaten
He/She/It has not eaten
We have not eaten
You have not eaten
They have not eaten
Interogativ
Have I eaten?
Have you eaten?
Has he/she/it eaten?
Have we eaten?
Have you eaten?
Have they eaten?