Table 5: Gender Inequality Index

Gender Inequality Index

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria

Maternal
mortality ratio

Adolescent birth
rate

Value

Rank

(deaths per100,000 live

births)

(births per 1,000

women ages 1519)

2014

2014

2013

2010/2015

0.067
0.110
0.028
0.048
0.062
0.041
0.113
0.280
0.129
0.157
0.088
..
..
0.055
0.177
0.087
0.125
0.101
0.100
0.133
0.063
0.088
0.053
0.075
0.016
0.095
0.068
0.091
0.146
0.164
..
0.124
0.524
..
0.164
0.138
0.125
0.227
0.284
0.376
0.232
0.338
0.111
0.209
0.265
0.167
0.149
0.387
0.171

9
19
2
4
7
3
21
55
25
32
13
..
..
6
39
12
23
18
17
26
8
13
5
11
1
16
10
15
29
33
..
22
116
..
33
28
23
46
56
75
47
65
20
42
51
36
30
79
37

4
6
6
5
6
7
9
28
11
8
6
..
..
4
8
4
27
2
11
6
6
12
4
4
7
4
4
5
5
11
27
10
6
..
7
3
11
9
16
69
8
22
8
14
22
13
13
14
7

0.151
0.276
0.275
0.333
0.313
0.298
0.267
0.357
..
0.212

31
54
53
64
61
58
52
69
..
44

1
24
11
33
14
37
26
52
..
5

Share of seats in
parliament

Population with at least some

secondary education

Labour force participation rate

(% ages 25 and older)

(% ages 15 and older)

(% held by women)

Female

2014

20052014

7.8
12.1
1.9
5.1
6.2
3.8
8.2
31.0
14.5
25.3
6.0
3.3
..
6.5
25.8
11.5
2.2
7.8
8.3
5.4
6.7
5.7
4.1
9.2
0.6
10.6
4.0
4.9
11.9
16.8
23.0
5.5
9.5
..
15.9
12.2
10.6
18.2
10.2
54.4
27.6
55.3
12.6
12.1
13.8
13.5
12.7
14.5
15.2

39.6
30.5
28.5
38.0
36.9
36.9
19.9
19.4
28.2
31.4
25.3
..
20.0
43.6
23.5
41.3
16.3
22.5
28.3
11.6
42.4
25.7
30.3
42.5
27.7
38.0
30.1
18.9
21.0
19.8
..
12.5
0.0
50.0
18.7
22.1
23.4
13.0
19.9
36.8
17.5
15.8
31.3
10.1
15.0
18.0
25.8
1.5
17.3

97.4
94.3
95.0
95.5
87.7
96.3
80.5
95.1
100.0
95.0
74.1
72.2
..
86.5
99.8
91.0
77.0
84.4
100.0
87.0
77.5
78.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
66.8
71.2
99.9
59.5
100.0
63.9
76.0
66.7
49.5
99.1
79.4
89.1
68.6
60.5
56.3
73.1
73.3
47.7
97.9
56.7
98.9
85.0
55.6
84.2

20.6
25.7
10.6
31.0
58.3
28.5
29.9
48.4
49.3
35.9

30.1
14.5
9.6
12.0
11.5
16.7
20.1
19.6
25.7
20.4

87.0
89.6
47.2
86.1
54.4
91.2
95.3
89.5
..
93.0

Male
c

e
f

e
f

20052014

96.7
94.6
96.6
96.6
90.5
97.0
78.6
94.8
100.0
95.3
81.0
79.2
..
87.3
99.9
91.6
89.1
87.3
100.0
85.8
82.9
83.2
100.0
100.0
98.0
73.1
80.5
99.7
67.0
100.0
67.8
81.7
59.0
49.3
99.5
85.5
94.3
78.2
70.3
57.6
61.2
76.4
48.2
98.7
51.4
99.0
93.6
56.3
94.7
92.2
92.5
57.1
92.0
50.3
87.6
98.8
87.7
..
95.7

e
f

e
f

Female

Male

2013

2013

61.2
58.8
61.8
58.7
58.5
53.6
53.1
56.3
61.6
62.0
58.8
51.3
..
60.3
55.7
70.5
50.1
57.9
50.7
48.8
47.5
50.7
54.6
55.7
52.3
52.5
39.6
51.1
44.2
56.2
52.6
56.0
50.8
..
51.1
48.9
55.8
37.9
20.2
47.5
46.5
49.2
54.9
44.8
39.2
54.9
44.7
43.6
43.0

68.7
71.8
74.9
66.4
70.6
66.4
68.1
68.9
71.0
73.8
77.2
67.8
..
67.9
68.7
77.4
72.1
69.1
64.6
70.4
59.3
61.6
67.7
64.0
63.2
65.8
59.5
68.3
62.5
68.9
75.3
71.1
95.5
..
68.6
64.9
67.3
66.3
78.3
75.0
92.0
74.8
66.2
60.0
86.9
67.6
58.4
83.1
57.3

50.1
57.1
29.0
48.7
55.6
69.3
67.7
65.9
..
47.9

63.1
71.7
82.6
64.9
76.8
79.3
77.9
76.6
..
59.0

60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130

Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India

..
0.454
0.209
0.419
..
0.371
0.176
0.356
0.385
0.349
0.515
0.476
0.359
0.370
0.373
0.457
0.382
..
0.303
..
0.473
0.164
0.286
0.413
0.406
0.217
0.318
0.201
0.407
..
0.191
0.418
0.325
0.380
..
0.134
0.240
0.429
..
0.430
0.666
0.426
0.477
0.463
0.243
0.457

..
96
42
88
..
73
38
68
78
66
114
103
71
72
74
97
77
..
59
..
102
33
57
85
82
45
62
41
83
..
40
87
63
76
..
27
48
92
..
93
148
90
104
100
49
97

..
85
29
73
..
84
16
80
16
38
23
110
20
29
49
69
41
..
26
23
50
7
23
89
89
21
29
8
87
34
32
59
68
26
..
15
46
83
45
80
120
45
100
130
31
58

..
78.5
5.7
30.9
56.3
34.8
16.9
43.1
12.0
60.8
31.6
83.2
30.9
16.9
63.4
70.8
46.8
..
40.0
35.4
26.5
18.3
25.7
10.0
50.7
15.3
27.1
15.1
77.0
56.3
8.6
42.8
18.7
41.0
..
2.5
4.6
68.5
54.5
70.1
18.1
71.4
99.6
35.2
4.2
28.3

10.3
19.3
14.2
11.6
43.8
24.7
34.0
48.9
3.1
33.3
3.1
17.0
14.4
5.8
37.1
9.6
11.3
6.7
15.6
25.0
11.6
33.3
11.8
25.7
22.3
20.7
10.7
19.3
41.6
20.7
23.6
14.0
14.9
6.1
21.9
16.0
31.3
20.9
13.0
16.7
0.0
13.3
19.1
11.8
5.9
6.1

0.480
0.248
0.573
..
0.514
0.494
0.472
..
..
0.420
0.427
0.407
0.308
0.444
0.353
0.539
..
..
0.515
0.449
0.525
0.401
0.533
0.357
0.563

106
50
131
..
113
110
101
..
..
89
91
83
60
94
67
123
..
..
114
95
117
81
119
69
130

170
21
45
61
240
190
110
..
36
120
69
140
49
200
75
67
53
96
250
100
120
130
140
44
190

44.2
29.3
43.0
18.0
103.0
48.3
67.0
45.8
38.8
46.8
76.0
50.9
29.0
71.9
29.3
68.7
70.6
18.6
88.5
100.8
35.8
54.9
97.2
42.8
32.8

9.5
20.8
2.2
25.8
16.2
17.1
16.8
..
16.4
27.1
27.4
40.7
24.3
51.8
23.3
26.5
20.8
0.0
31.3
39.1
11.0
37.7
13.3
15.2
12.2

..
54.0
65.1
49.4
66.9
59.7
58.4
74.3
53.0
50.7
62.2
56.6
39.0
72.7
55.7
54.6
89.7
..
93.7
..
69.5
40.2
91.7
26.7
56.3
81.8
94.0
44.9
40.1
..
58.7
64.2
85.3
35.7
29.7
55.5
32.8
56.9
..
74.0
87.5
76.4
55.6
44.6
27.3
64.3
73.6
93.6
43.9
..
53.9
39.9
36.8
53.9
..
65.9
36.8
72.7
59.4
47.6
94.5
27.8
..
..
60.3
39.4
20.7
33.3
21.9
95.1
27.0

f
f

f
f
f
f

..
49.9
71.3
58.0
66.6
60.9
73.6
78.8
55.4
50.5
67.6
50.8
60.0
76.4
60.6
52.4
92.7
..
97.4
..
78.5
55.6
95.9
31.0
66.1
87.9
95.0
69.8
39.4
..
71.9
64.5
84.1
40.8
23.2
41.9
46.1
55.6
..
70.2
88.3
75.8
53.1
47.1
32.7
60.0
77.9
96.6
60.6
..
36.1
49.2
43.0
59.4
..
63.7
43.6
75.9
71.2
59.1
96.8
50.2
..
..
47.8
38.3
30.2
34.4
23.2
91.2
56.6

f
f

f
f
f
f

..
49.0
44.4
43.6
..
53.0
44.5
43.4
23.3
46.6
16.6
51.1
29.4
35.1
45.1
59.4
56.5
..
62.9
..
15.6
43.1
53.2
15.2
68.2
44.9
54.2
34.1
54.7
62.7
63.9
37.5
56.6
64.3
..
30.0
25.1
55.8
55.7
56.1
53.5
49.2
51.3
40.5
56.2
23.5

..
81.8
75.5
74.2
..
75.5
60.9
70.0
70.9
79.0
73.6
79.2
70.8
76.3
79.9
80.8
75.1
..
69.6
..
66.6
67.5
66.9
72.2
84.4
65.5
72.6
57.3
82.7
76.2
78.3
72.0
69.3
80.7
..
76.4
70.9
79.7
78.0
70.9
74.6
82.3
78.6
68.8
77.5
58.4

71.9
37.6
23.7
46.9
56.2
51.4
55.7
15.4
48.1
51.1
47.8
44.5
73.0
64.2
56.0
14.9
51.5
..
42.6
47.4
26.5
54.7
49.3
58.9
27.0

81.6
44.2
74.8
76.9
65.4
84.2
84.8
66.4
75.6
79.7
79.0
60.5
82.2
80.9
79.5
69.8
83.7
..
80.5
80.3
75.8
63.7
88.2
77.1
79.9

131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu
Human development groups
Very high human development

0.480
0.457
..
0.533
..
0.593
..
..
0.587
0.554
..
0.503
0.477
..

106
97
..
119
..
137
..
..
132
127
..
111
104
..

120
120
270
49
86
410
130
290
280
380
..
170
170
210

84.0
40.9
52.2
41.6
44.8
126.7
16.6
112.6
125.4
58.4
65.0
80.6
44.3
65.1

25.8
8.3
38.5
12.4
0.0
11.5
8.7
19.7
12.7
10.9
25.0
20.0
19.0
18.2

0.552
0.489
0.536
0.413
..
0.557
0.547
..
0.587
..
0.504
0.610
..
0.611
..
0.744
0.541
0.588
0.603
0.400
0.538
0.614
0.591
..
..
0.528
0.693
0.679
0.611
0.558
0.622
0.673
0.651
..
0.677
0.591
0.650
..
0.631
0.492
0.706
..
0.655
0.713

126
108
121
85
..
128
125
..
132
..
112
139
..
140
..
155
124
134
138
80
122
142
135
..
..
118
152
151
140
129
143
149
146
..
150
135
145
..
144
109
153
..
147
154

400
190
170
200
460
310
410
560
590
440
470
320
130
220
350
270
490
450
380
320
360
340
360
230
730
320
400
720
510
420
430
730
640
560
550
480
1,100
650
400
740
980
380
880
630

93.6
73.7
27.3
12.1
170.2
72.0
122.7
119.6
115.8
122.8
60.3
73.3
64.9
62.1
51.1
47.0
89.4
91.5
42.0
33.6
126.6
90.2
84.0
18.6
75.3
94.4
86.8
130.3
144.8
78.4
115.8
135.3
117.4
99.3
175.6
137.8
100.7
131.0
115.4
30.3
152.0
65.3
98.3
204.8

20.8
29.5
19.7
4.7
36.8
14.7
36.0
6.6
27.1
20.5
35.1
22.2
2.0
2.7
3.0
0.7
26.8
17.6
3.5
57.5
35.0
8.4
23.8
12.7
24.3
42.7
27.6
9.2
16.7
25.5
9.4
8.2
10.7
13.7
9.5
39.6
12.4
21.9
13.3
34.9
14.9
22.0
12.5
13.3

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

87
..
..
..
..
850
..

0.6
..
..
..
..
110.4
..

16.3
3.0
20.8
5.3
16.7
13.8
6.7

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

72.2
..
..
..
..
37.2
..

84.2
..
..
..
..
75.5
..

0.199

18

19.0

26.5

86.2

87.9

52.1

68.7

28.0
34.0
..
29.5
..
39.7
..
..
25.8
45.2
22.9
34.1
9.9
..
25.3
17.7
19.3
22.9
..
21.9
5.6
..
21.3
..
48.7
8.3
..
7.6
..
8.6
21.9
16.1
22.4
8.0
22.9
11.3
12.1
..
..
7.2
5.9
14.0
11.1
7.8
17.4
12.8
15.4
..
7.7
1.4
10.0
..
0.9
5.3
1.7
..
10.1
2.4

f
f

f
f

f
f
f

f
f

f
f

f
f
f

f
f

f
f

25.8
34.5
..
40.5
..
47.0
..
..
44.0
64.7
37.0
41.3
22.9
..
31.4
38.2
46.1
15.3
..
26.0
9.5
..
34.9
..
62.0
20.9
..
14.5
..
26.7
19.0
40.3
35.2
8.8
33.5
27.0
18.2
..
..
15.4
29.8
30.1
21.6
18.2
31.5
32.4
39.3
..
15.1
6.2
21.7
..
3.2
8.3
9.9
..
26.7
7.8

f
f

f
f

f
f
f

f
f

f
f

f
f
f

f
f

f
f

42.8
66.7
24.6
13.5
61.5
68.5
..
80.7
73.1
67.3
76.3
57.4
78.8
45.3

82.9
77.2
50.8
72.7
80.0
73.0
..
92.2
85.6
71.4
79.1
84.1
86.5
77.8

62.2
79.9
24.6
75.2
63.3
43.9
88.1
48.2
63.8
86.6
83.2
28.7
53.4
70.5
35.2
25.4
59.0
80.6
60.9
86.4
75.8
67.6
31.3
36.3
..
66.0
15.8
52.4
84.6
78.2
72.2
70.7
58.2
68.2
50.8
85.5
65.7
65.6
77.1
83.3
64.0
80.0
72.6
40.0

72.4
87.1
82.9
82.3
76.9
71.6
90.2
63.7
76.8
90.5
89.7
79.1
79.0
74.0
80.1
72.2
73.5
81.3
71.0
85.3
79.2
78.3
76.0
67.7
..
88.0
79.5
81.4
81.5
89.3
82.9
73.2
64.8
78.5
81.4
82.8
69.0
78.3
90.0
82.0
79.2
89.8
85.1
89.7

High human development

Medium human development
Low human development

0.310
0.506
0.583

41
168
461

28.8
43.4
92.1

20.6
18.8
20.5

60.6
34.8
14.8

69.5
55.3
28.3

57.0
37.5
57.2

77.2
79.8
79.1

Developing countries

0.478

225

51.5

20.2

44.2

58.4

49.5

78.7

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.537
0.328
0.300
0.415
0.536
0.575

155
72
28
85
183
506

45.4
21.2
30.8
68.3
38.7
109.7

14.0
18.7
19.0
27.0
17.5
22.5

34.7
54.7
70.8
54.3
29.1
22.1

47.6
66.3
80.6
55.2
54.6
31.5

23.2
62.6
45.6
53.7
29.8
65.4

75.3
79.4
70.0
79.8
80.3
76.6

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

0.566
0.474

439
220

97.0
61.5

20.4
22.8

17.2
51.1

26.4
55.1

65.7
53.0

82.6
73.3

Organisation for Economic Co-operation a

0.231

21

25.4

26.9

82.9

86.3

50.9

68.9

World

0.449

210

47.4

21.8

54.5

65.4

50.3

76.7

Notes
a. Modeled International Labour Organization estimates.
b. Data are annual average of projected values for 20102015.
c. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
d. Refers to population ages 2564.
e. Refers to population ages 2574.
f. Barro and Lee (2014) estimate for 2010 based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics.
g. For the purpose of calculating the Gender Inequality Index value, 0.1% was used.
h. Refers to 2013.
i. Excludes the 36 special rotating delegates appointed on an ad hoc basis.
j. Refers to 2012.
T. From original data source.
DEFINITIONS
Gender Inequality Index: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. See Technical note 4 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the Gender
Inequality Index is calculated.
Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births.
Adolescent birth rate: Number of births to women ages 1519 per 1,000 women ages 1519.
Share of seats in national parliament: Proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament expressed as percentage of total seats. For countries with bicameral legislative systems, the share of seats is calculated based on both houses.
Population with at least some secondary education: Percentage of the population ages 25 and older who have reached (but not necessarily completed) a secondary level of education.
Labour force participation rate: Proportion of a countrys working-age population (ages 15 and older) that engages in the labour market, either by working or actively looking for work, expressed as a percentage of the working-age population.
Main data sources
Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data in columns 39.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Column 3: UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (2014).
Column 4: UNDESA (2013a).
Column 5: IPU (2015).
Columns 6 and 7: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
Columns 8 and 9: ILO (2015a).