Dinamica si Fiabilitatea Autovehiculelor Rutiere

Proiect
1.Sa se proiecteze un autoturism avand urmatoarele date initiale:
Masa totala Ga [kg]
Viteza maxima in [km/h] si [m/s]
Panta maxima []
Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f (0,0250,035)
Aria sectiunii transversale A [m2] (1,62,8)
Coeficientul de neuniformitate
cx (0,30,5)
Densitate aer aer [kg/m3]
Randamentul
Puterea la viteza maxima Pvmax [kW]

Tipul motorului
Puterea motorului [kW]
Turatia la putere maxima [rot/min] nP
Cuplu motor [Nm]
Turatia la cuplu maxim [rot/min] nM
Viteza maxima Vmax in [km/h] si [m/s]
Numar usi
Numar scaune
Lungime [mm]
Latime [mm]
Inaltime [mm]
Ampatament [mm]
Ecartament fata [mm]
Ecartament spate [mm]
Amplasare motor
Volum motor [cm3]
Tractiune
Masa proprie G0 [kg]
Masa maxima autorizata [kg]
Tipul pneului
Dimensiuni pneuri
70 indicele de sarcina [kg/pneu]
Latime [mm]

335
205

Inaltime [m]
Raport H/B
Diametrul jantei [m]
Raza de rulare rr=r0 [m]

0.13325
0.65
0.4064
0.33645

Repartitia greutatii pe punti

Greutate totala autovehicul Ga [kg]
Greutate bagaj [kg]
Greutate pasager [kg]
b/A [%]
a/A [%]
G1 [kg]
G2 [kg]
Greutate pe anvelopa G1d [kg]

1765
20
75
0.57 b [mm]
0.43 a [mm]
1006.05
758.95
503.025

1540.14
1161.86

3.Trasarea caracteristicii externe

Puterea maxima dezvoltata de motor Pmax [kW]
Coeficientul de elasticitate al motorului
1
2
3
nvmax=nmax (coeficient pentru MAC=0,91)
nvmax/np
f(nvmax/np)
Randamentul total
Turatia minima mmin
Turatia minima stabila nmin stabil
n [rpm]

Pe [kW]
Me [Nm]
800 21.777067 259.96373
900
25.344
268.928
1000
29.04
277.332
1100 32.847467 285.17573
1200
36.7488 292.4592
1300
40.7264 299.1824
1400 44.762667 305.34533
1500
48.84
310.948
1600
52.9408 315.9904
1700 57.047467 320.47253
1800
61.1424 324.3944
1900
65.208
327.756

kn
66.666667
75
83.333333
91.666667
100
108.33333
116.66667
125
133.33333
141.66667
150
158.33333

kPe
69.798291
81.230769
93.076923
105.28034
117.78462
130.53333
143.47009
156.53846
169.68205
182.84444
195.96923
209

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

69.226667
73.1808
77.0528
80.825067
84.48
88
91.367467
94.5648
97.5744
100.37867
102.96

330.55733
332.7984
334.4792
335.59973
336.16
336.16
335.59973
334.4792
332.7984
330.55733
327.756
kn

166.66667
175
183.33333
191.66667
200
208.33333
216.66667
225
233.33333
241.66667
250
kPe

12

kMe
0.312 1.0030581

221.88034
234.55385
246.9641
259.0547
270.76923
282.05128
292.84444
303.09231
312.73846
321.7265
330

4.Calculul rezistentei la rulare Rr

Viteza maxima [km/h]

Tipul pneului (radial/cord metalic)

f0
f01 [h/km]
f02 [h2/km]
f03 [h3/km]

Coeficientul pentru autoturisme s

Indicatorul neregularitatilor drumului hd (starea caii foarte buna)
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,0
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,1
Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,4
Coeficientul f0
Coeficientul fs
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg]
Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului
Viteza
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160

fR1
0.013295
0.0130264
0.0127939
0.0125974
0.012437
0.0123127
0.0122245
0.0121723
0.0121562
0.0121762
0.0122322
0.0123243
0.0124525
0.0126168
0.0128171
0.0130535
0.013326

fR2
0.013295
0.013895
0.015695
0.018695
0.022895
0.028295
0.034895
0.042695
0.051695
0.061895
0.073295
0.085895
0.099695
0.114695
0.130895
0.148295
0.166895

fR3
0.0078
0.0081501
0.008501
0.0088549
0.0092154
0.0095875
0.0099778
0.0103941
0.0108458
0.0113437
0.0119
0.0125285
0.0132442
0.0140637
0.015005
0.0160875
0.0173322

fR4
0.0125
0.0125269
0.0126521
0.012919
0.0133601
0.0140026
0.0148703
0.0159847
0.0173657
0.0190317
0.021
0.023287
0.0259082
0.0288786
0.0322124
0.0359232
0.0400245

fR5
0.013295
0.013314
0.0134023
0.0135908
0.0139022
0.0143557
0.0149681
0.0157548
0.0167296
0.0179056
0.019295
0.0209094
0.0227596
0.0248564
0.0272096
0.0298291
0.032724

170 0.0136345
180 0.0139791

c 0.25 f
0.24
h 0.23
a 0.22
r 0.21
0.2
t 0.19

0.186695 0.0187613 0.0445288 0.0359036

0.207695 0.0203986 0.0494488 0.0393765

fR1

fR2

fR3

fR4

fR5

0.18

. 0.17
0.16
. 0.15
. 0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
-1.14491749414469E-016
-0.01

km/h

-1.14491749414469E-016
-0.01

Rezistenta la rulare in functie de greutatea autovehiculului

Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg]
Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului =18 si =0
Pentru =18
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Viteza
22.317183 22.317183 13.093195 20.982684 22.317183
0
21.8663 23.324352 13.680811 21.027804 22.349033
10
21.475969 26.345859 14.269837 21.237922 22.497351
20
21.146188 31.381703 14.863899 21.686037 22.813667
30
20.876959 38.431885 15.469039 22.426527 23.336366
40
20.66828 47.496404 16.093719 23.504974 24.097623
50
20.520152 58.575262 16.748815 24.961448 25.125722
60
20.432575 71.668457 17.447622 26.832135 26.446207
70
20.40555 86.77599 18.205853 29.150293 28.082554
80
20.439075 103.89786 19.041635 31.946866 30.056606
90
20.533151 123.03407 19.975516 35.25091 32.388872
100
20.687779 144.18461 21.030458
39.0899 35.098747
110
20.902957 167.3495 22.231842 43.489968 38.204677
120
21.178686 192.52872 23.607467 48.476077 41.724284
130
21.514966 219.72228 25.187547 54.072173 45.674469
140
21.911798 248.93017 27.004715 60.30129 50.071493
150
22.36918 280.15241 29.094019 67.185657 54.931046
160
22.887113 313.38898 31.492928 74.74677 60.268302
170
23.465597 348.63989 34.241324 83.005464 66.097969
180

400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50

R1
R2
R3
R4
R5

130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Pentru =0
Viteza
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
0 23.465675 23.465675
13.767
22.0625 23.465675
10 22.991589 24.524675 14.384856 22.109942 23.499164
20 22.58117 27.701675 15.004194 22.330873 23.655115
30 22.234418 32.996675 15.628828 22.802049 23.987709
40 21.951333 40.409675 16.26511 23.580646 24.537308
50 21.731916 49.940675 16.921938 24.714592 25.33774
60 21.576165 61.589675 17.610746 26.246019 26.418747
70 21.484081 75.356675 18.345516 28.212976 27.807188
80 21.455665 91.241675 19.142766 30.650432 29.527745
90 21.490915 109.24468 20.02156 33.590923 31.603385
100 21.589833 129.36568
21.0035
37.065 34.055675
110 21.752418 151.60468 22.112732 41.101553 36.905007
120 21.97867 175.96168 23.375942 45.728058 40.170775
130 22.268588 202.43668 24.82236 50.970764 43.871509
140 22.622174 231.02968 26.483754 56.854847 48.024979
150 23.039428 261.74068 28.394438 63.404529 52.648283
160 23.520348 294.56968 30.591262 70.64318 57.75792
170 24.064935 329.51668 33.113624 78.593405 63.369843
180 24.673189 366.58168 36.003458 87.27711 69.499517

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

5.Calculul rezistentei aerului Ra ,Pa si a rezistentei la panta Rp

Aria sectiunii transversale maxime A [m2]
Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului cx
Densitatea aerului [kg/m3]
Viteza de deplasare a autovehiculului [m/s]
Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala a caii de rulare []
[]
Pa
Viteza [km/h] Viteza [m/s] Ra
0
0
0
0
10 2.7777778 3.7808642 0.0105024
20 5.5555556 15.123457 0.0840192
30 8.3333333 34.027778 0.2835648
40 11.111111 60.493827 0.6721536
50 13.888889 94.521605 1.3128001
60 16.666667 136.11111 2.2685185
70 19.444444 185.26235 3.6023234
80 22.222222 241.97531 5.3772291
90
25
306.25
7.65625
100 27.777778 378.08642 10.502401
110 30.555556 457.48457 13.978695
120 33.333333 544.44444 18.148148
130 36.111111 638.96605 23.073774
140 38.888889 741.04938 28.818587

Rp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

0
30.803497
61.597612
92.372963
123.12018
153.82989
184.49274
215.09939
245.64052
276.10683
306.48903
336.77788
366.96413
397.03861
426.99215
456.81561

150 41.666667 850.69444 35.445602

160 44.444444 967.90123 43.017833
170 47.222222 1092.6698 51.598294
180
50
1225
61.25

1800

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

486.49993
516.03606
545.415
574.62779
603.66555
632.51943
661.18064
689.64044
717.89018
745.92123
773.72507
801.29323
828.61731
855.68898
882.5
909.0422
935.3075
961.2879
986.97547
1012.3624

Ra

1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500

Ra

1100
1000
900
Ra

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Pa
100
90
80
70
60
Pa
50
40
30
20

50
40
30
20
10
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Rp
1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

Rp

600

Rp

500

400

300

200

100

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

6.Determinarea grafica a vitezei maxime

Pa+Pr1
0
0.6178996
1.2771286
2.0457472
2.9918157
4.1833945
5.6885439
7.5753242
9.9117957
12.766019
16.206054
20.299961
25.1158

Pa+Pr3
0
0.3905249
0.8767879
1.522223
2.3909358
3.5480388
5.0599877
6.9949166
9.4229741
12.416659
16.051155
20.404668
25.558762

Pa+Pr5
0
0.6313089
1.333872
2.1847038
3.2650832
4.6596921
6.4561388
8.7446414
11.617797
15.170401
19.499309
24.703312
30.883041

Pr1
0
0.6073972
1.1931094
1.7621823
2.3196621
2.8705944
3.4200254
3.9730008
4.5345666
5.1097688
5.7036532
6.3212657
6.9676523

Pr2
0
0.6478987
1.4636588
2.6151419
4.2702094
6.5967228
9.7625436
13.935533
19.283553
25.974465
34.17613
44.05641
55.783166

Pr3
0
0.3800225
0.7927687
1.2386582
1.7187821
2.2352387
2.7914692
3.3925933
4.045745
4.7604088
5.5487543
6.4259732
7.4106141

35

40

30.721633
37.185518
44.575518
52.95969
62.406097
72.982799

31.598693
38.613744
46.697566
55.948508
66.469954
78.370662

38.140877
46.580881
56.308724
67.431631
80.058326
94.298984

7.6478589
8.3669314
9.1299157
9.9418577
10.807803
11.732799

69.52426
85.447553
103.72091
124.51218
147.98924
174.31995

8.5249187
9.7951572
11.251965
12.930675
14.87166
17.120662

120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Pa+Pr1
Pr1

30
20
10
0

Pa+Pr3
Pr3

Pa+Pr3
Pr3

100
90
80
70
60
50

Pa+Pr5
Pr5

40

Pa+Pr5
Pr5

30
20
10
0

Coordonatele punctului B
Punctul de intersectie se alfa la viteza de 158 de [km/h]
7.Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale
i0
Ze
Zp
I0ef
FRmax [N]


hg
Coef de incarcare dinamica in regim de demarare m1
Gad
8.Determinarea vitezelor minime si maxime in fiecare treapta
Icv1
n1=nm
n2=nvmax
etajarea initiala q
Calcularea numarului de trepte kmin
Rotunjirea numarului de trepte
Recalcularea ratiei de etajare
Icv2
Icv3
Icv4
Icv5
n
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

Vtr1
2.5055893
2.818788
3.1319867
3.4451853
3.758384
4.0715826
4.3847813
4.69798
5.0111786
5.3243773
5.637576
5.9507746
6.2639733
6.577172
6.8903706
7.2035693
7.516768
7.8299666
8.1431653
8.456364
8.7695626
9.0827613

Vtr2
4.1883956
4.7119451
5.2354946
5.759044
6.2825935
6.8061429
7.3296924
7.8532418
8.3767913
8.9003407
9.4238902
9.9474397
10.470989
10.994539
11.518088
12.041637
12.565187
13.088736
13.612286
14.135835
14.659385
15.182934

Vtr3
7.00141
7.8765862
8.7517625
9.6269387
10.502115
11.377291
12.252467
13.127644
14.00282
14.877996
15.753172
16.628349
17.503525
18.378701
19.253877
20.129054
21.00423
21.879406
22.754582
23.629759
24.504935
25.380111

Vtr4
11.703704
13.166667
14.62963
16.092593
17.555556
19.018519
20.481481
21.944444
23.407407
24.87037
26.333333
27.796296
29.259259
30.722222
32.185185
33.648148
35.111111
36.574074
38.037037
39.5
40.962963
42.425926

Vtr5
13.004115
14.62963
16.255144
17.880658
19.506173
21.131687
22.757202
24.382716
26.00823
27.633745
29.259259
30.884774
32.510288
34.135802
35.761317
37.386831
39.012346
40.63786
42.263374
43.888889
45.514403
47.139918

3000

9.39596 15.706484 26.255287 43.888889 48.765432

80
75
70
65
60

Pe [kW

55

Vtr1
Vtr2

50

Vtr3
45

Vtr4

40

Vtr5

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
900
1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900 3100
800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200

9.Caracteristica de tractiune a autovehiculelor

Forta de tractiune Fr1
Forta de tractiune Fr2
Forta de tractiune Fr3
Forta de tractiune Fr4
Forta de tractiune Fr5
Momement motor efectiv Me

Raza de rulare rr
Randamentul total al transmisiei autovehiculului
Turatia
n [rot/min]
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

Moment
Me [Nm]
259.96373
268.928
277.332
285.17573
292.4592
299.1824
305.34533
310.948
315.9904
320.47253
324.3944
327.756
330.55733
332.7984
334.4792
335.59973
336.16
336.16
335.59973
334.4792
332.7984
330.55733
327.756

Treapta I-a
Va [km/h]
Fr1 [N]
9.0201216 7596.8388
10.147637 7858.7988
11.275152 8104.3863
12.402667 8333.6012
13.530182 8546.4437
14.657698 8742.9137
15.785213 8923.0111
16.912728 9086.7361
18.040243 9234.0886
19.167758 9365.0686
20.295274 9479.6761
21.422789 9577.911
22.550304 9659.7735
23.677819 9725.2635
24.805334 9774.381
25.932849 9807.126
27.060365 9823.4985
28.18788 9823.4985
29.315395 9807.126
30.44291 9774.381
31.570425 9725.2635
32.697941 9659.7735
33.825456 9577.911

Turatia
n [rot/min]
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800

Moment
Me [Nm]
259.96373
268.928
277.332
285.17573
292.4592
299.1824
305.34533
310.948
315.9904
320.47253
324.3944

Treapta IV-a
Va [km/h]
Fr4 [N]
42.133333 1626.3705
47.4 1682.4522
52.666667 1735.0289
57.933333 1784.1004
63.2 1829.6668
68.466667 1871.7281
73.733333 1910.2843
79 1945.3354
84.266667 1976.8814
89.533333 2004.9222
94.8 2029.458

Treapta a II-a
Va [km/h]
Fr2 [N]
15.078224 4544.5941
16.963002 4701.3043
18.84778
4848.22
20.732558 4985.3414
22.617336 5112.6684
24.502115 5230.201
26.386893 5337.9392
28.271671 5435.8831
30.156449 5524.0325
32.041227 5602.3876
33.926005 5670.9483
35.810783 5729.7146
37.695561 5778.6865
39.580339 5817.864
41.465117 5847.2472
43.349895 5866.836
45.234673 5876.6303
47.119451 5876.6303
49.004229 5866.836
50.889007 5847.2472
52.773785 5817.864
54.658563 5778.6865
56.543341 5729.7146

1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

327.756
330.55733
332.7984
334.4792
335.59973
336.16
336.16
335.59973
334.4792
332.7984
330.55733
327.756

100.06667
105.33333
110.6
115.86667
121.13333
126.4
131.66667
136.93333
142.2
147.46667
152.73333
158

2050.4887
2068.0142
2082.0346
2092.55
2099.5602
2103.0653
2103.0653
2099.5602
2092.55
2082.0346
2068.0142
2050.4887

Fr1 [N]
Fr2 [N]
Fr3 [N]
Fr4 [N]

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

10.Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculelor

Turatia
n [rot/min]

Moment
Me [Nm]

Treapta I-a
Va [km/h]

Pr1 [N]

Treapta a II-a
Va [km/h]

Treapta a III-a
Pr2 [N]

800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

259.96373
268.928
277.332
285.17573
292.4592
299.1824
305.34533
310.948
315.9904
320.47253
324.3944
327.756
330.55733
332.7984
334.4792
335.59973
336.16
336.16
335.59973
334.4792
332.7984
330.55733
327.756

9.0201216
10.147637
11.275152
12.402667
13.530182
14.657698
15.785213
16.912728
18.040243
19.167758
20.295274
21.422789
22.550304
23.677819
24.805334
25.932849
27.060365
28.18788
29.315395
30.44291
31.570425
32.697941
33.825456

19.034558
22.152288
25.38283
28.710801
32.120817
35.597496
39.125452
42.689304
46.273668
49.863159
53.442394
56.99599
60.508563
63.964731
67.349108
70.646312
73.840959
76.917665
79.861048
82.655723
85.286307
87.737417
89.993669

Turatia
n [rot/min]
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300

Moment
Me [Nm]
259.96373
268.928
277.332
285.17573
292.4592
299.1824
305.34533
310.948
315.9904
320.47253
324.3944
327.756
330.55733
332.7984
334.4792
335.59973

Treapta IV-a
Va [km/h]
Pr4 [N]
42.133333 19.034558
47.4 22.152288
52.666667 25.38283
57.933333 28.710801
63.2 32.120817
68.466667 35.597496
73.733333 39.125452
79 42.689304
84.266667 46.273668
89.533333 49.863159
94.8 53.442394
100.06667 56.99599
105.33333 60.508563
110.6 63.964731
115.86667 67.349108
121.13333 70.646312

15.078224
16.963002
18.84778
20.732558
22.617336
24.502115
26.386893
28.271671
30.156449
32.041227
33.926005
35.810783
37.695561
39.580339
41.465117
43.349895
45.234673
47.119451
49.004229
50.889007
52.773785
54.658563
56.543341

19.034558
22.152288
25.38283
28.710801
32.120817
35.597496
39.125452
42.689304
46.273668
49.863159
53.442394
56.99599
60.508563
63.964731
67.349108
70.646312
73.840959
76.917665
79.861048
82.655723
85.286307
87.737417
89.993669

2400
336.16
126.4 73.840959
2500
336.16 131.66667 76.917665
2600 335.59973 136.93333 79.861048
2700 334.4792
142.2 82.655723
2800 332.7984 147.46667 85.286307
2900 330.55733 152.73333 87.737417
3000
327.756
158 89.993669

110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60

Pr1 [N]

55

Pr2 [N]

50

Pr3 [N]

45

Pr4 [N]

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

11.Bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculelor

V [km/h]

Rr [N]
Ra [N]
Ra+Rr [N]
0 519.4395
0 519.4395
10 519.4395 3.7808642 523.22036
20 519.4395 15.123457 534.56296
30 519.4395 34.027778 553.46728
40 519.4395 60.493827 579.93333
50 519.4395 94.521605 613.9611
60 519.4395 136.11111 655.55061
70 519.4395 185.26235 704.70185
80 519.4395 241.97531 761.41481
90 519.4395
306.25 825.6895
100 519.4395 378.08642 897.52592
110 519.4395 457.48457 976.92407
120 519.4395 544.44444 1063.8839
130 519.4395 638.96605 1158.4055
140 519.4395 741.04938 1260.4889
150 519.4395 850.69444 1370.1339
160 519.4395 967.90123 1487.3407
170 519.4395 1092.6698 1612.1093

2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200

Rr [N]

1100

Fr4 [N]

1000

Ra+Rr [N]

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru =5 []

V [km/h]

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.4395 2028.5107 2028.5107
10 519.4395 2028.5107 2032.2915
20 519.4395 2028.5107 2043.6341
30 519.4395 2028.5107 2062.5385
40 519.4395 2028.5107 2089.0045
50 519.4395 2028.5107 2123.0323
60 519.4395 2028.5107 2164.6218
70 519.4395 2028.5107 2213.773
80 519.4395 2028.5107 2270.486
90 519.4395 2028.5107 2334.7607
100 519.4395 2028.5107 2406.5971
110 519.4395 2028.5107 2485.9952
120 519.4395 2028.5107 2572.9551
130 519.4395 2028.5107 2667.4767
140 519.4395 2028.5107 2769.5601
150 519.4395 2028.5107 2879.2051
160 519.4395 2028.5107 2996.4119
170 519.4395 2028.5107 3121.1804

Rp+Rr [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr3 [N]
Rr [N]

Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru =10 []

V [km/h]

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.4395 3526.0969 3526.0969
10 519.4395 3526.0969 3529.8778
20 519.4395 3526.0969 3541.2204
30 519.4395 3526.0969 3560.1247
40 519.4395 3526.0969 3586.5907
50 519.4395 3526.0969 3620.6185
60 519.4395 3526.0969 3662.208
70 519.4395 3526.0969 3711.3593
80 519.4395 3526.0969 3768.0722
90 519.4395 3526.0969 3832.3469
100 519.4395 3526.0969 3904.1833
110 519.4395 3526.0969 3983.5815
120 519.4395 3526.0969 4070.5414
130 519.4395 3526.0969 4165.063
140 519.4395 3526.0969 4267.1463
150 519.4395 3526.0969 4376.7914
160 519.4395 3526.0969 4493.9982
170 519.4395 3526.0969 4618.7667

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr2 [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr2 [N]

Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru =18 []

V [km/h]

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N] Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.4395 5869.9606 5869.9606
10 519.4395 5869.9606 5873.7415
20 519.4395 5869.9606 5885.0841
30 519.4395 5869.9606 5903.9884
40 519.4395 5869.9606 5930.4544
50 519.4395 5869.9606 5964.4822
60 519.4395 5869.9606 6006.0717
70 519.4395 5869.9606 6055.2229
80 519.4395 5869.9606 6111.9359
90 519.4395 5869.9606 6176.2106
100 519.4395 5869.9606 6248.047
110 519.4395 5869.9606 6327.4452
120 519.4395 5869.9606 6414.405
130 519.4395 5869.9606 6508.9267
140 519.4395 5869.9606
6611.01
150 519.4395 5869.9606 6720.655
160 519.4395 5869.9606 6837.8618
170 519.4395 5869.9606 6962.6304

10500
10000
9500
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr1 [N]

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Va [km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr1 [N]

12.Bilantul de putere al autovehiculului

Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru =5 []
Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
0
0
0
1.4428875 5.6347519 5.6452543
2.885775 11.269504 11.353523
4.3286625 16.904256 17.18782
5.77155 22.539008 23.211161
7.2144375 28.173759 29.48656
8.657325 33.808511 36.07703
10.100213 39.443263 43.045587
11.5431 45.078015 50.455244
12.985988 50.712767 58.369017
14.428875 56.347519 66.849919
15.871763 61.982271 75.960966
17.31465 67.617023 85.765171
18.757538 73.251775 96.325549
20.200425 78.886526 107.70511
21.643313 84.521278 119.96688
23.0862 90.15603 133.17386
24.529088 95.790782 147.38908

Pr
Pp+Pr

Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr3 [N]

Pr
Pp+Pr

Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr3 [N]

Va [km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90

Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru =10 []

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
0
0
0
1.4428875 9.7947137 9.8052161
2.885775 19.589427 19.673447
4.3286625 29.384141 29.667706
5.77155 39.178855 39.851008
7.2144375 48.973568 50.286368
8.657325 58.768282 61.036801
10.100213 68.562996 72.165319
11.5431 78.357709 83.734938
12.985988 88.152423 95.808673
14.428875 97.947137 108.44954
15.871763 107.74185 121.72055
17.31465 117.53656 135.68471
18.757538 127.33128 150.40505
20.200425 137.12599 165.94458
21.643313 146.9207 182.36631
23.0862 156.71542 199.73325
24.529088 166.51013 218.10843

Pr
Pp+Pr

Pa+Pr+Pp

Pa+Pr+Pp

170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Pr
Pp+Pr

Pa+Pr+Pp

Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr2 [N]

Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru =18 []

Va [km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170

Pr

Pp+Pr

0
1.4428875
2.885775
4.3286625
5.77155
7.2144375
8.657325
10.100213
11.5431
12.985988
14.428875
15.871763
17.31465
18.757538
20.200425
21.643313
23.0862
24.529088

0
16.305446
32.610892
48.916338
65.221784
81.527231
97.832677
114.13812
130.44357
146.74902
163.05446
179.35991
195.66535
211.9708
228.27625
244.58169
260.88714
277.19258

Pa+Pr+Pp
0
16.315949
32.694911
49.199903
65.893938
82.840031
100.1012
117.74045
135.8208
154.40527
173.55686
193.3386
213.8135
235.04457
257.09483
280.02729
303.90497
328.79088

Pr

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr1 [N]

13.Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculelor

Va[km/h]
9.0201216
10.147637
11.275152
12.402667
13.530182
14.657698
15.785213
16.912728
18.040243
19.167758
20.295274
21.422789
22.550304
23.677819
24.805334
25.932849
27.060365
28.18788

Va[km/h]
25.205076

Treapta I
FR [N]
Ra [N]
7596.8388 3.0762091
7858.7988 3.8933272
8104.3863 4.8065768
8333.6012 5.8159579
8546.4437 6.9214706
8742.9137 8.1231148
8923.0111 9.4208905
9086.7361 10.814798
9234.0886 12.304837
9365.0686 13.891007
9479.6761 15.573309
9577.911 17.351742
9659.7735 19.226307
9725.2635 21.197004
9774.381 23.263832
9807.126 25.426791
9823.4985 27.685882
9823.4985 30.041105

D
0.4385744
0.4536566
0.4677877
0.4809676
0.4931964
0.504474
0.5148005
0.5241758
0.5326001
0.5400731
0.5465951
0.5521659
0.5567856
0.5604541
0.5631715
0.5649377
0.5657529
0.5656168

Va [Km/h]
15.078224
16.963002
18.84778
20.732558
22.617336
24.502115
26.386893
28.271671
30.156449
32.041227
33.926005
35.810783
37.695561
39.580339
41.465117
43.349895
45.234673
47.119451

Treapta II
FR [N]
4544.5941
4701.3043
4848.22
4985.3414
5112.6684
5230.201
5337.9392
5435.8831
5524.0325
5602.3876
5670.9483
5729.7146
5778.6865
5817.864
5847.2472
5866.836
5876.6303
5876.6303

Treapta III
Treapta IV
FR [N]
Ra [N]
D
Va [Km/h]
FR [N]
2718.675 24.019673 0.1556286 42.133333 1626.3705

28.35571
31.506345
34.656979
37.807614
40.958248
44.108883
47.259517
50.410152
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035

2812.4224
2900.3106
2982.3396
3058.5094
3128.8199
3193.2713
3251.8634
3304.5963
3351.47
3392.4845
3427.6398
3456.9359
3480.3727
3497.9504
3509.6688
3515.528
3515.528
3509.6688
3497.9504
3480.3727
3456.9359
3427.6398

30.399899
37.53074
45.412195
54.044265
63.42695
73.56025
84.444164
96.078694
108.46384
121.5996
135.48597
150.12296
165.51056
181.64878
198.53761
216.17706
234.56712
253.7078
273.59909
294.241
315.63352
337.77666

0.1606745
0.1653386
0.169621
0.1735216
0.1770404
0.1801775
0.1829329
0.1853065
0.1872984
0.1889085
0.1901369
0.1909835
0.1914484
0.1915315
0.1912329
0.1905526
0.1894905
0.1880466
0.186221
0.1840136
0.1814245
0.1784537

47.4
52.666667
57.933333
63.2
68.466667
73.733333
79
84.266667
89.533333
94.8
100.06667
105.33333
110.6
115.86667
121.13333
126.4
131.66667
136.93333
142.2
147.46667
152.73333
158

1682.4522
1735.0289
1784.1004
1829.6668
1871.7281
1910.2843
1945.3354
1976.8814
2004.9222
2029.458
2050.4887
2068.0142
2082.0346
2092.55
2099.5602
2103.0653
2103.0653
2099.5602
2092.55
2082.0346
2068.0142
2050.4887

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
D treapta I
0.3

D treapta a II-a
D treapta a III-a

D treapta a IV-a
0.2

0.1

D treapta a III-a

D treapta a IV-a
0.2

0.1

1.38777878078145E-016

-0.1

Caracteristica de propulsie a drumului

Va [hm/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160

0.1
0.057
0.0567816
0.0561266
0.0550347
0.0535062
0.0515409
0.049139
0.0463003
0.0430248
0.0393127
0.0351638
0.0305782
0.0255559
0.0200968
0.014201
0.0078685
0.0010993

0.2
0.114
0.1137816
0.1131266
0.1120347
0.1105062
0.1085409
0.106139
0.1033003
0.1000248
0.0963127
0.0921638
0.0875782
0.0825559
0.0770968
0.071201
0.0648685
0.0580993

Coeficientul de aderenta

0.3
0.35
0.4
0.171
0.1995
0.228
0.1707816 0.1992816 0.2277816
0.1701266 0.1986266 0.2271266
0.1690347 0.1975347 0.2260347
0.1675062 0.1960062 0.2245062
0.1655409 0.1940409 0.2225409
0.163139 0.191639 0.220139
0.1603003 0.1888003 0.2173003
0.1570248 0.1855248 0.2140248
0.1533127 0.1818127 0.2103127
0.1491638 0.1776638 0.2061638
0.1445782 0.1730782 0.2015782
0.1395559 0.1680559 0.1965559
0.1340968 0.1625968 0.1910968
0.128201 0.156701 0.185201
0.1218685 0.1503685 0.1788685
0.1150993 0.1435993 0.1720993

170 -0.0061067 0.0508933 0.1078933 0.1363933 0.1648933

0.7
0.6
D treapta
I
D treapta
a II-a
D treapta
a III-a
D treapta
a IV-a
=0.1
=0.2
=0.3
=0.35
=0.4
=0.6
=0.8

0.5

0.4

0.3
0.2

0.1

1.38777878078145E-016
-0.1

14.Determinarea vitezei maxime

Sosea din beton in stare buna

Coeficientul rezistentei la rulare "f"

0.018
Viteza maxima

=0 []
=3 []
=5 []
Treapta a IV-a
Treapta a III-a
Treapta a II-a
DIV
Va [km/h]
DIII
Va [km/h]
DII
Va [km/h]
0.018
146
0.0703113
102
0.1050872
60
Rezistenta maxima a drumului
Viteza autovehicul Va [hm/h]
Coef. rezist. totale
Viteza autovehicul Va [hm/h]
Panta maxima p [%]
Unghiul de inclinare []

30
60
90
0.37
0.22
0.12
30
60
90
0.352
0.202
0.102
20.609693 11.653938 5.854351

Diagrama acceleratiilor autovehiculelor

Momentul de inertie al mecanismului motor, inclusiv volantul Jm [kg*m2]
Momentul de inertie al unei roti a autovehiculului JR
Numarul de roti ale autovehiculului n
Randamentul mecanic global al transmisiei autovehiculului tr
Randamentul total de transmitere al transmisiei autovehiculului itr
Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale i0
Raportul de transmitere corespunzator treptei selectate icvI
Raza de rulare a rotilor motoare rr
Masa automobilului ma

Coeficientul de influenta al maselor in miscare de rotatie 1

1

Va [km/h]
9.0201216
10.147637
11.275152
12.402667
13.530182
14.657698
15.785213
16.912728
18.040243
19.167758
20.295274
21.422789
22.550304
23.677819
24.805334
25.932849
27.060365
28.18788

Treapta a I-a
D
a [m/s2]
0.4385744 4.0050757
0.4536566 4.1487015
0.4677877 4.2832696
0.4809676 4.4087803
0.4931964 4.5252333
0.504474 4.6326288
0.5148005 4.7309667
0.5241758 4.820247
0.5326001 4.9004698
0.5400731 4.971635
0.5465951 5.0337426
0.5521659 5.0867926
0.5567856 5.1307851
0.5604541 5.1657201
0.5631715 5.1915974
0.5649377 5.2084172
0.5657529 5.2161794
0.5656168 5.2148841

1/a [s2/m]
0.2496832
0.2410393
0.2334665
0.2268201
0.2209831
0.2158602
0.2113733
0.2074582
0.2040621
0.2011411
0.1986593
0.1965875
0.1949019
0.1935839
0.1926189
0.1919969
0.1917112
0.1917588

Va [km/h]
25.205076
28.35571
31.506345
34.656979

Treapta a III-a
D
a [m/s2]
0.1556286 1.3106196
0.1606745 1.3586707
0.1653386 1.4030863
0.169621 1.4438667

1/a [s /m]
0.7629979
0.7360135
0.7127145
0.6925847
2

Va [km/h]
15.078224
16.963002
18.84778
20.732558
22.617336
24.502115
26.386893
28.271671
30.156449
32.041227
33.926005
35.810783
37.695561
39.580339
41.465117
43.349895
45.234673
47.119451

Treapta a II-a
D
0.2619746
0.2708934
0.2792311
0.2869876
0.2941629
0.300757
0.3067699
0.3122017
0.3170523
0.3213216
0.3250098
0.3281168
0.3306427
0.3325873
0.3339508
0.334733
0.3349341
0.334554

Va [km/h]
42.133333
47.4
52.666667
57.933333

Treapta a IV-a
D
0.0900539
0.0922632
0.0941489
0.0957111

37.807614
40.958248
44.108883
47.259517
50.410152
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035

0.1735216
0.1770404
0.1801775
0.1829329
0.1853065
0.1872984
0.1889085
0.1901369
0.1909835
0.1914484
0.1915315
0.1912329
0.1905526
0.1894905
0.1880466
0.186221
0.1840136
0.1814245
0.1784537

1.4810117
1.5145214
1.5443957
1.5706347
1.5932384
1.6122067
1.6275397
1.6392374
1.6472997
1.6517267
1.6525184
1.6496747
1.6431957
1.6330814
1.6193317
1.6019467
1.5809264
1.5562707
1.5279797

0.6752141
0.6602746
0.6475025
0.6366853
0.6276525
0.6202679
0.6144243
0.6100398
0.6070541
0.605427
0.605137
0.6061801
0.6085702
0.6123394
0.6175387
0.6242405
0.6325405
0.6425617
0.654459

63.2
68.466667
73.733333
79
84.266667
89.533333
94.8
100.06667
105.33333
110.6
115.86667
121.13333
126.4
131.66667
136.93333
142.2
147.46667
152.73333
158

0.0969497
0.0978647
0.0984561
0.098724
0.0986683
0.098289
0.0975862
0.0965597
0.0952097
0.0935362
0.091539
0.0892183
0.086574
0.0836061
0.0803147
0.0766996
0.072761
0.0684989
0.0639131

Diagrama variatiei acceleratiei

6
Acceleratia in
treapta I
5

Acceleratia in
treapta a II a
Acceleratia in
treapta a III a

Acceleratia in
treapta a IV a

treapta a III a
4

Acceleratia in
treapta a IV a

3
Incersul
acceleratiei in
treapta I
2.5

Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a II-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a III-a

Inversul
acceleratiei in

Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a II-a

2.5

Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a III-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a IV-a

1.5

0.5

15.Timpul si spatiul de demarare al autovehiculelor

Timpul de demarare pentru drum (orizontal/inclinat) din asfalt in stare (uscata/umeda)

Va
[km/h]
9.0201216
10.147637
11.275152
12.402667
13.530182
14.657698

i/ai

i/ai+1

dv

[m /s]
0.2496832
0.2410393
0.2334665
0.2268201
0.2209831
0.2158602

[m /s]
0.2410393
0.2334665
0.2268201
0.2209831
0.2158602
0.2113733

[km/h]
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152

Ti
[s]
0.0768468
0.0743073
0.0720806
0.0701257
0.0684094
0.0669045

15.785213
16.912728
18.040243
19.167758
20.295274
21.422789
22.550304
23.677819
24.805334
25.932849
27.060365
28.18788
32.041227
33.926005
35.810783
37.695561
39.580339
41.465117
43.349895
45.234673
47.119451
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035
105.33333
110.6
115.86667
121.13333
126.4
131.66667
136.93333

0.2113733
0.2074582
0.2040621
0.2011411
0.1986593
0.1965875
0.1949019
0.1935839
0.1926189
0.1919969
0.1917112
0.1917588
0.3462013
0.3420423
0.3386154
0.3358798
0.3338035
0.332363
0.3315422
0.3313318
0.3317296
0.6202679
0.6144243
0.6100398
0.6070541
0.605427
0.605137
0.6061801
0.6085702
0.6123394
0.6175387
0.6242405
0.6325405
0.6425617
0.654459
1.3600664
1.3902
1.4279546
1.4744861
1.5313441
1.6006186
1.6851629

0.2074582
0.2040621
0.2011411
0.1986593
0.1965875
0.1949019
0.1935839
0.1926189
0.1919969
0.1917112
0.1917588
0.3462013
0.3420423
0.3386154
0.3358798
0.3338035
0.332363
0.3315422
0.3313318
0.3317296
0.6202679
0.6144243
0.6100398
0.6070541
0.605427
0.605137
0.6061801
0.6085702
0.6123394
0.6175387
0.6242405
0.6325405
0.6425617
0.654459
1.3600664
1.3902
1.4279546
1.4744861
1.5313441
1.6006186
1.6851629
1.7889437

1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
1.1275152
3.8533468
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
1.884778
6.4413353
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
3.1506345
10.814299
5.2666667
5.2666667
5.2666667
5.2666667
5.2666667
5.2666667
5.2666667

0.0655887
0.0644438
0.0634545
0.0626085
0.0618954
0.061307
0.0608366
0.0604791
0.0602306
0.0600884
0.0600511
0.2879093
0.1801648
0.178179
0.1765658
0.1753062
0.1743856
0.1737936
0.1735236
0.1735727
0.8516854
0.5402866
0.535811
0.5325858
0.5305673
0.5297284
0.530058
0.5315603
0.5342555
0.53818
0.5433878
0.5499524
0.5579696
0.5675609
3.0257887
2.0117689
2.0614279
2.1230816
2.1987091
2.2909727
2.4034883
2.5412446

142.2 1.7889437 1.9176103 5.2666667 2.7112756

147.46667 1.9176103 2.0794589 5.2666667 2.9237822
152.73333 2.0794589
0 -152.73333 -44.111486

t [s]

vi [km/h]

0.0768468
0.1511541
0.1463879
0.1422063
0.138535
0.1353138
0.1324932

9.0201216
10.147637
11.275152
12.402667
13.530182
14.657698
15.785213

vi+1

dt [s]

Si

10.147637 0.0743073
0.19782
11.275152 -0.0047662 -0.0141814
12.402667 -0.0041816 -0.0137516
13.530182 -0.0036712 -0.0132229
14.657698 -0.0032212 -0.012611
15.785213 -0.0028206 -0.0119261
16.912728 -0.0024607 -0.0111748

0.1300325
0.1278983
0.126063
0.1245039
0.1232024
0.1221436
0.1213157
0.1207097
0.120319
0.1201396
0.3479605
0.4680741
0.3583438
0.3547448
0.351872
0.3496917
0.3481792
0.3473172
0.3470964
1.0252582
1.3919721
1.0760976
1.0683968
1.0631531
1.0602958
1.0597864
1.0616183
1.0658159
1.0724356
1.0815679
1.0933403
1.1079221
1.1255305
3.5933496
5.0375576
4.0731968
4.1845095
4.3217907
4.4896818
4.694461
4.944733
5.2525203

16.912728
18.040243
19.167758
20.295274
21.422789
22.550304
23.677819
24.805334
25.932849
27.060365
28.18788
32.041227
33.926005
35.810783
37.695561
39.580339
41.465117
43.349895
45.234673
47.119451
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035
105.33333
110.6
115.86667
121.13333
126.4
131.66667
136.93333
142.2

18.040243 -0.0021342 -0.0103606

19.167758 -0.0018353 -0.0094846
20.295274 -0.0015591 -0.0085456
21.422789 -0.0013015 -0.0075411
22.550304 -0.0010588 -0.0064664
23.677819 -0.0008279 -0.0053155
24.805334 -0.000606 -0.0040809
25.932849 -0.0003907 -0.002753
27.060365 -0.0001794 -0.0013207
28.18788 0.2278209 1.7481532
32.041227 0.1201136 1.0047691
33.926005 -0.1097303 -1.0053617
35.810783 -0.003599 -0.0348586
37.695561 -0.0028728 -0.0293294
39.580339 -0.0021802
-0.0234
41.465117 -0.0015126 -0.017026
43.349895 -0.0008619 -0.0101533
45.234673 -0.0002209 -0.0027175
47.119451 0.6781618 8.6987551
53.560786 0.3667139 5.1278949
56.711421 -0.3158745 -4.8378022
59.862055 -0.0077008 -0.1246822
63.01269 -0.0052436 -0.0894873
66.163324 -0.0028574 -0.0512645
69.313959 -0.0005094 -0.0095841
72.464593 0.0018319 0.0360725
75.615228 0.0041976 0.0863297
78.765862 0.0066197 0.1419386
81.916497 0.0091323 0.2038053
85.067131 0.0117724 0.2730279
88.217766 0.0145818 0.3509448
91.3684 0.0176084 0.439198
94.519035 2.4678191 63.713412
105.33333 1.4442081 40.087278
110.6 -0.9643608 -28.921895
115.86667 0.1113127 3.5011968
121.13333 0.1372812 4.518839
126.4 0.1678911 5.7720339
131.66667 0.2047792 7.3398191
136.93333 0.2502719 9.3365334
142.2 0.3077873 11.932458
147.46667 0.3825375 15.390051

5.6350578 147.46667 152.73333 -46.822761 -1952.249

-41.187703 152.73333
16.Parametrii capacitatii de franare ai autovehiculului
Coeficientul de influenta al maselor in miscare de rotatie 1

Momentul de inertie al unei roti a autovehiculului JR

Acceleratia gravitationala g
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului
Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f
Coeficientul de rezistenta aerodinamica frontala k
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg]
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal 1=0 []
Modul de franare

Cu toate rotile pana la

limita de aderenta,
fara blocare

Cu toate rotile blocate

Starea caii de rulare

beton uscat =

0.7

beton umed =

0.35

polei =

0.15

beton uscat =

0.56

beton umed =

0.28

polei =

0.12

Va
[km/h]
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168

Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal 2=5 []

Modul de franare

Starea caii de rulare

beton uscat =

Cu toate rotile pana la

limita de aderenta,

Va
[km/h]
60

Cu toate rotile pana la

limita de aderenta,
fara blocare

Cu toate rotile blocate

beton uscat =

0.7

beton umed =

0.35

polei =

0.15

beton uscat =

0.56

beton umed =

0.28

polei =

0.12

Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum

orizontal 1=0 []
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff

12346.575
6286.4473
2823.5173
9922.5238
5074.4218
2304.0778

100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168
60
100
168

Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizo

2=5 []
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff
Ff

Spatiul minim de franare [m]

Felul suprafetei de rulare

Drum de beton cu suprafata uscata
Drum de beton cu suprafata umeda
Drum de beton cu suprafata acoperita cu polei

Rotile franate

10
toate rotile =0,7
0.3933198
ale puntii fata =0,7 0.8450515
ale puntii spate =0,7 1.1201846
toate rotile =0,56 0.3935352
toate rotile =0,35 0.3938588
ale puntii fata =0,35 1.8276696
ale puntii spate =0,35 2.1028027
toate rotile =0,28 0.3939667
toate rotile =0,15 0.3941674
ale puntii fata =0,15 4.4479845
ale puntii spate =0,15 4.7231176
toate rotile =0,12 0.3942137

Coeficientul de aderenta/frecare
=
= (pentru toate rotile franate)
=
= (pentru toate rotile franate)
=
= (pentru toate rotile franate)
Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]

60
14.159513
30.421856
40.326646
14.167268
14.178915
65.796106
75.700897
14.182802
14.190026
160.12744
170.03223
14.191695

80
25.172467
54.083299
71.691815
25.186253
25.206961
116.97086
134.57937
25.213871
25.226714
284.67101
302.27952
25.229679

100
52.976975
84.505155
112.01846
65.543656
101.75886
112.01846
210.28027
124.74325
215.02862
444.79845
472.31176
258.2456

Spatiul de franare pentru toate rotile

600

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.7

550
500

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.56

450
400

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.35

350
300

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.28

250
200

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.15

150
100

Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.12

50
0

Spatiul de franare pentru =0,7

600
550
500
450

Spatiul de franare
cu toate rotile

400
350
300

Spatiul de franare
cu rotile puntii
fata

250
200
150
100
50
0

Spatiul de franare
cu rotile puntii
spate

Spatiul de oprire
Variatia deceleratiei in timpul procesului de franare
Timpul intarzierilor fiziologice t1
Timpul intarzierilor mecanice t2
Timpul de initiere a franarii t3
Modul de
franare al
rotilor
cu toate
rotile
numai cu
rotile p.
fata
numai cu
rotile p.
spate

Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]

Ss [m]
Sfmin [m]
Sopr [m]
Ss [m]
Sfmin [m]
Sopr [m]
Ss [m]
Sfmin [m]
Sopr [m]

10
2.3611111
0.3933198
2.7544309
2.3611111
0.8450515
3.2061627
2.3611111
1.1201846
3.4812957

60
14.166667
14.159513
28.32618
14.166667
30.421856
44.588522
14.166667
40.326646
54.493312

80
18.888889
25.172467
44.061356
18.888889
54.083299
72.972188
18.888889
71.691815
90.580704

100
23.611111
52.976975
76.588086
23.611111
84.505155
108.11627
23.611111
112.01846
135.62957

Spatiul de oprire
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Spatiul de oprire
cu toate rotile
Spatiul de oprire
numai cu rotile
puntii fata
Spatiul de oprire
numai cu rotile
puntii spate

100
50
0

17.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti

1.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la urcarea unei pante

Coordonatele centrului de masa ale autovehiculului

Tabelul 1.Valorile unghiurilor limita de stabilitate longitudinala

Punte
Punte
Unghiurile
Aderenta

motoare
motoare
limita de
spate
fata
stabilitate
r
1.6660969
0.7
0.2046084 0.2046084
a
0.35
0.0946039 0.108997
0.15
0.0388726 0.0485271

2.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la deplasarea rectilinie cu viteza

mare pe drum orizontal
Conditia de stabilitate longitudinala la rasturnare

Inaltimea metacentrului fata de calea de rulare ha

Densitatea aerului
Coeficientul de portanta Cz
Aria sectiunii transversale a autovehiculului A [m]
Coeficientul aerodinamic frontal k
Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului Cx
va

<

162.01614

[km/h]

3.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la deplasarea pe o cale de rulare

inclinare transversala sau in viraje
Tabelul 2.Viteza limita de stabilitate la rasturnarea transversala

Unghiul de
inclinare
transv.

1=0
2=3
3=5
Unghiul de
inclinare
transv.

1=0
2=3
3=5

Raza de curbura a drumului [m]

15
20
30
40
39.955855 46.137047 56.506112 65.247638
42.123131 48.639602 59.571103 68.786785
43.621091 50.369297 61.689539 71.232943
Raza de curbura a drumului [m]
80
100
140
180
92.274094 103.16557 122.06715 138.41114
97.279204 108.76146 128.68829 145.91881
100.73859 112.62917 133.26463 151.10789

Diagrama de variatie a vitezelor limita de stabilitate la rasturnarea transversala 1=0 1=3 1=5

Tabelul 3.Viteza limita de stabilitate la deraparea in viraj

Coeficientul
de aderenta
laterala

y1=0,56
y2=0,28
y3=0,12
Coeficientul
de aderenta
laterala

y1=0,56
y2=0,28
y3=0,12

320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50

Raza de curbura a drumului R [m]

15
20
30
40
60
32.750511 37.817033 46.316217 53.481361 65.501023
23.158109 26.740681 32.750511 37.817033 46.316217
15.160541 17.505885 21.440243 24.75706 30.321082
Raza de curbura a drumului R [m]
140
180
240
300
100.05447 113.4511 131.00205 146.46474
70.749191 80.222042 92.632435 103.56621
46.316217 52.517654 60.642164
67.8

y1=0,56

y2=0,28

y3=0,12

130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

4.La deplasarea autovehiculului cu viteza constanta pe o cale de rulare rectilinie

o inclinare laterala
Conditia de stabilitate transversala la rasturnare
tgr

0.8335136

5.La deplasarea autovehiculului cu viteza ridicata pe o cale de rulare rectilinie fa

inclinare transversala
Tabelul 4.1 Viteza unghiulara limita de bracare a rotilor de directie (pentru evitarea
rasturnarii)
Coeficientul de

Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]

Viteza limita de
aderenta
bracare a rotilor
transversala
a
de directie

drumului

(d/dt)r

Coeficientul de

Viteza limita de
aderenta
bracare a rotilor
transversala a
de directie

drumului

(d/dt)r

10
8.83393

20
30
40
4.416965 2.9446433 2.2084825

Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]

100
120
140
168
0.883393 0.7361608 0.630995 0.5258292

Tabelul 4.2 Viteza unghiulara limita de bracare a rotilor de directie (pentru evitarea depara

Viteza limita
de bracare a
rotilor de
directie

(d/dt)a

Coeficientul
de aderenta
transversala
a drumului

0.7

Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]

10
20
30
40
7.4188961 3.7094481 2.4729654 1.854724

(d/dt)a
(d/dt)a

0.35
0.15

Viteza limita
de bracare a
rotilor de
directie

Coeficientul
de aderenta
transversala
a drumului

(d/dt)a
(d/dt)a
(d/dt)a

3.7094481 1.854724 1.2364827 0.927362

1.5897635 0.7948817 0.5299212 0.3974409

Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]

100
120
140
168
0.7418896 0.6182413 0.5299212 0.441601
0.3709448 0.3091207 0.2649606 0.2208005
0.1589763 0.1324803 0.1135545 0.0946288

0.7
0.35
0.15

10

6
=0.7
=0.35

=0.15
(d/dt)r

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

lor Rutiere

oarele date initiale:

1400
170 47.222222
18
0.03
2
0.97
0.4
1.225
0.9
59.535141

180

Fata

1.5 DCI
66
3000
200
1750
50
5
5
4622
1809
1479
2702
1541
1563
Transversal

1461
Fata
1290
1785
205/65R16

rne
66
0.5833333333
0.8
1.4
-1.2
3000
0.9
0.9792
0.874
600
800
kMe
259.17117
268.10811
276.48649
284.30631
291.56757
298.27027
304.41441
310
315.02703
319.4955
323.40541
326.75676

329.54955
331.78378
333.45946
334.57658
335.13514
335.13514
334.57658
333.45946
331.78378
329.54955
326.75676

Rr

180
0.013295
-0.000028664
1.8036E-007
0
4
150
0.0078
0.0035
0.0006
0.011
0.006
1765
0.9510565163

fR5

km/h

utovehiculului

0.9510565

1765
1

R1
R2
R3
R4
R5

R1
R2
R3
R4
R5

tentei la panta Rp
2
0.4
1.225
52.7777777778
35

Ra

Ra

Pa

50

55

60

Rp

Rp

30

35

40

maxime
Pr4
0
0.5841057
1.1798846
1.8071697
2.4918364
3.2645797
4.1602413
5.2173595
6.4778429
7.9867166
9.7919194
11.944136
14.496656

Pr5
0
0.6208065
1.2498528
1.9011389
2.5929296
3.3468921
4.1876203
5.142318
6.2405676
7.5141514
8.9969088
10.724617
12.734892

17.50525
21.028067
25.125538
29.860292
35.297086
41.502732

15.067103
17.762293
20.863122
24.413798
28.460032
33.048984

Pa+Pr1
Pr1

Pa+Pr3
Pr3

Pa+Pr3
Pr3

Pa+Pr5
Pr5
Pa+Pr5
Pr5

57.684
43.8888888889

ansmisiei principale
2.4083290214
21
11
2.4083290214
5844.5374229503

0.5
0.9244
0.864596833
4988.3580312928

in fiecare treapta
4.6710383076
1750
3000
1.7142857143
3.8597242849
4
1.6716209664
2.7943166552
1.6716209664
1
0.9

i0ef
icv1
icv2
icv3
icv4
icv5
ntr
rr

2.408329
4.6710383
2.7943167
1.671621
1
0.9
0.874
0.33645

Pe [kW]
Vtr1
Vtr2
Vtr3
Vtr4
Vtr5

2700 2900 3100

00 2800 3000 3200

ehiculelor
9086.7361129577
5435.883071418
3251.8634192526
1945.3353868252
1750.8018481427
310.948

0.33645
0.874
Treapta
Va [km/h]
25.205076
28.35571
31.506345
34.656979
37.807614
40.958248
44.108883
47.259517
50.410152
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035

a III-a
Fr3 [N]
2718.675
2812.4224
2900.3106
2982.3396
3058.5094
3128.8199
3193.2713
3251.8634
3304.5963
3351.47
3392.4845
3427.6398
3456.9359
3480.3727
3497.9504
3509.6688
3515.528
3515.528
3509.6688
3497.9504
3480.3727
3456.9359
3427.6398

Fr1 [N]
Fr2 [N]
Fr3 [N]
Fr4 [N]

150 160 170 180

ehiculelor
Treapta a III-a
Va [km/h]
Pr3 [N]

25.205076
28.35571
31.506345
34.656979
37.807614
40.958248
44.108883
47.259517
50.410152
53.560786
56.711421
59.862055
63.01269
66.163324
69.313959
72.464593
75.615228
78.765862
81.916497
85.067131
88.217766
91.3684
94.519035

19.034558
22.152288
25.38283
28.710801
32.120817
35.597496
39.125452
42.689304
46.273668
49.863159
53.442394
56.99599
60.508563
63.964731
67.349108
70.646312
73.840959
76.917665
79.861048
82.655723
85.286307
87.737417
89.993669

0 170 180 190 200

Pr1 [N]
Pr2 [N]
Pr3 [N]
Pr4 [N]

iculelor

Rr [N]
Fr4 [N]
Ra+Rr [N]

ului pentru =5 []

Rp+Rr [N]
Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr3 [N]
Rr [N]

ului pentru =10 []

10

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]
Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr2 [N]

Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr2 [N]

ului pentru =18 []

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]
Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr1 [N]

18

Rr [N]
Rp+Rr [N]
Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
Fr1 [N]

culului
entru =5 []

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr3 [N]

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr3 [N]

entru =10 []

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pa+Pr+Pp

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr2 [N]

entru =18 []

Pr

Pr
Pp+Pr
Pa+Pr+Pp
Pr1 [N]

hiculelor
Treapta II
Ra [N]
8.5959025
10.879189
13.431098
16.251628
19.340781
22.698555
26.324951
30.21997
34.38361
38.815872
43.516756
48.486262
53.72439
59.23114
65.006512
71.050506
77.363122
83.94436

D
0.2619746
0.2708934
0.2792311
0.2869876
0.2941629
0.300757
0.3067699
0.3122017
0.3170523
0.3213216
0.3250098
0.3281168
0.3306427
0.3325873
0.3339508
0.334733
0.3349341
0.334554

Treapta IV
Ra [N]
D
67.118573 0.0900539

84.946944
104.87277
126.89605
151.01679
177.23498
205.55063
235.96373
268.47429
303.08231
339.78778
378.5907
419.49108
462.48892
507.58421
554.77696
604.06716
655.45482
708.93993
764.5225
822.20252
881.98
943.85494

0.0922632
0.0941489
0.0957111
0.0969497
0.0978647
0.0984561
0.098724
0.0986683
0.098289
0.0975862
0.0965597
0.0952097
0.0935362
0.091539
0.0892183
0.086574
0.0836061
0.0803147
0.0766996
0.072761
0.0684989
0.0639131

D treapta I
D treapta a II-a
D treapta a III-a
D treapta a IV-a

D treapta a III-a
D treapta a IV-a

ului

nta

0.6
0.342
0.3417816
0.3411266
0.3400347
0.3385062
0.3365409
0.334139
0.3313003
0.3280248
0.3243127
0.3201638
0.3155782
0.3105559
0.3050968
0.299201
0.2928685
0.2860993

0.8
0.456
0.4557816
0.4551266
0.4540347
0.4525062
0.4505409
0.448139
0.4453003
0.4420248
0.4383127
0.4341638
0.4295782
0.4245559
0.4190968
0.413201
0.4068685
0.4000993

0.2788933 0.3928933

D treapta
I
D treapta
a II-a
D treapta
a III-a
D treapta
a IV-a
=0.1
=0.2
=0.3
=0.35
=0.4
=0.6
=0.8

me

=10 []
Treapta a I-a
DI
Va [km/h]
0.1913747
20

120
150
0.07
0.05
120
150
0.052
0.032
2.9807249 1.833778

lelor

[kg*m2]

ui itr

0.04
0.4
4
0.874
11.249397
2.408329
4.6710383
0.33645
1765
0.0080082
1.0301516
0.0221434

Treapta a II-a
a [m/s2]
2.3233384
2.4082715
2.48767
2.561534
2.6298635
2.6926584
2.7499188
2.8016446
2.8478359
2.8884927
2.9236149
2.9532025
2.9772556
2.9957742
3.0087582
3.0162077
3.0181226
3.014503

1/a [s2/m]
0.4304151
0.4152356
0.4019826
0.3903911
0.3802479
0.3713802
0.3636471
0.3569332
0.3511438
0.3462013
0.3420423
0.3386154
0.3358798
0.3338035
0.332363
0.3315422
0.3313318
0.3317296

Treapta a IV-a
a [m/s2]
0.68616
0.707199
0.7251566
0.7400328

1/a [s2/m]
1.457386
1.4140292
1.3790125
1.3512914

0.7518277
0.7605412
0.7661734
0.7687243
0.7681938
0.7645819
0.7578887
0.7481141
0.7352582
0.719321
0.7003024
0.6782024
0.6530211
0.6247584
0.5934144
0.5589891
0.5214824
0.4808943
0.4372249

1.330092
1.3148531
1.3051875
1.3008565
1.3017549
1.3079044
1.319455
1.3366944
1.3600664
1.3902
1.4279546
1.4744861
1.5313441
1.6006186
1.6851629
1.7889437
1.9176103
2.0794589
2.2871524

ei

Acceleratia in
treapta I
Acceleratia in
treapta a II a
Acceleratia in
treapta a III a
Acceleratia in
treapta a IV a

treapta a III a
Acceleratia in
treapta a IV a

Incersul
acceleratiei in
treapta I
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a II-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a III-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in

Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a II-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a III-a
Inversul
acceleratiei in
treapta a IV-a

ovehiculelor

falt in stare (uscata/umeda)

td
[s]
0.0768468
0.1511541
0.1463879
0.1422063
0.138535
0.1353138

0.1324932
0.1300325
0.1278983
0.126063
0.1245039
0.1232024
0.1221436
0.1213157
0.1207097
0.120319
0.1201396
0.3479605
0.4680741
0.3583438
0.3547448
0.351872
0.3496917
0.3481792
0.3473172
0.3470964
1.0252582
1.3919721
1.0760976
1.0683968
1.0631531
1.0602958
1.0597864
1.0616183
1.0658159
1.0724356
1.0815679
1.0933403
1.1079221
1.1255305
3.5933496
5.0375576
4.0731968
4.1845095
4.3217907
4.4896818
4.694461
4.944733

5.2525203
5.6350578
-41.187703

Sd

0.19782
0.1836386
-0.027933
-0.0269745
-0.0258339
-0.0245371
-0.0231009

-0.0215355
-0.0198452
-0.0180302
-0.0160867
-0.0140074
-0.0117819
-0.0093964
-0.0068339
-0.0040737
1.7468325
2.7529223
-0.0005926
-1.0402203
-0.0641879
-0.0527293
-0.0404259
-0.0271793
-0.0128708
8.6960377
13.82665
0.2900928
-4.9624844
-0.2141695
-0.1407518
-0.0608486
0.0264884
0.1224022
0.2282683
0.3457438
0.4768332
0.6239727
0.7901428
64.15261
103.80069
11.165382
-25.420699
8.0200358
10.290873
13.111853
16.676353
21.268991
27.322509

-1936.859

utovehiculului
1.0060061
0.0060061
0.3
9.81
0.0872665
0.013071

0.4
1765

ntal 1=0 []
(dv/dt)max
[m/s2]
6.8260021

3.413001

1.4627147

5.4608017

2.7304008

1.1701718

ntal 2=5 []
(dv/dt)max
[m/s2]

tfmin
[s]
2.3968872
3.9301651
6.4199065
4.7074836
7.6031488
12.132746
10.481022
16.340049
24.875993
3.0520549
4.8713432
7.9078864
6.1041099
9.3521338
14.77071
14.242923
19.753384
29.601244

tfmin
[s]
2.4416439

7.676975 3.5077499
6.1660326
4.8832879
4.263974 10.880739
17.037577
11.394338
2.3136877 4.2386202
6.9095074
3.0520549
6.3117746 4.2386202
6.9095074
6.1041099
3.5813738 7.2679502
11.621448
14.242923
2.0211447 12.291747
19.100324

inare al drumului:drum orizontal

2=5 []

13857.563
7797.4355
4334.5055
11433.512
6585.41
3815.066

entul de aderenta/frecare
=
0.7
oate rotile franate)
0.56
=
0.35
oate rotile franate)
0.28
=
0.15
oate rotile franate)
0.12

ai

[km/h]
120
75.508917
121.68742
161.30658
93.20024
143.73724
161.30658
302.80359
175.48015
297.8691
640.50977
680.12893
355.25489

168
143.46272
238.50735
316.1609
175.86192
266.1551
316.1609
593.49503
321.28524
523.97947
1255.3991
1333.0527
614.35415

ate rotile
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.7
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.56
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.35
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.28
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.15
Spatiul de
franare pentru
=0.12

=0,7

Spatiul de franare
cu toate rotile
Spatiul de franare
cu rotile puntii
fata
Spatiul de franare
cu rotile puntii
spate

de franare
0.5
0.3
0.1

/h]
120
28.333333
75.508917
103.84225
28.333333
121.68742
150.02076
28.333333
161.30658
189.63992

168
39.666667
143.46272
183.12938
39.666667
238.50735
278.17401
39.666667
316.1609
355.82757

Spatiul de oprire
cu toate rotile
Spatiul de oprire
numai cu rotile
puntii fata
Spatiul de oprire
numai cu rotile
puntii spate

lor cu roti

a urcarea unei pante

a [m]
b [m]
hg [m]

1.16186
1.54014
0.9244

te longitudinala
Ambele
punti
motoare
0.7
0.35
0.15

asarea rectilinie cu viteza

asturnare

e ha

[m]

0.7395
1.225
0.4
2
0.4
0.4

sarea pe o cale de rulare cu

raje

rea transversala

lui [m]
60
79.91171
84.246262
87.242182

drumului [m]
240
300
159.82342 178.68801
168.49252 188.38037
174.48436 195.07945

ea transversala 1=0 1=3 1=5

parea in viraj

ui R [m]
80
100
75.634066 84.561457
53.481361 59.79398
35.011769 39.144348

y1=0,56
y2=0,28
y3=0,12

0 140 150 160

o cale de rulare rectilinie cu

asturnare

cale de rulare rectilinie fara

e directie (pentru evitarea

lului [km/h]
60
80
1.4723217 1.1042413

ectie (pentru evitarea depararii)

lului [km/h]
60
80
1.2364827 0.927362

0.6182413 0.463681
0.2649606 0.1987204

=0.7
=0.35
=0.15
(d/dt)r

160

180