PROIECT LA ACTIONARI HIDRAULICE

SI PNEUMATICE
 ACTIONARE HIDRAULICA CU
MISCARE DE ROTATIE

Tema: Sa se proiecteze o actionare hidraulica cu miscare de rotatie care transmite

spre masina de lucru:
- o turatie in domeniul n[500; 600+i50]rot/min
- un moment in domeniul M[150; 300+i50]Nm.

Proiectul cuprinde:

- Studiul posibilitatii de actionare cu transmisie hidrodinamica.

Alegerea transmisiei hidrodinamice.
Determinarea caracteristicilor grup motor electric transmisie
hidrodinamica.
- Studiul posibilitatii de actionare cu o transmisie hidrostatica.
Alcatuirea schemei de actionare in circuit inchis.
Alcatuirea schemei de actionare in circuit deschis.
Calculul schemei de actionare.
- Calculul hidraulic al generatorului
Reprezentarea debitului.
Calculul coeficientului de neuniformitate al debitului.
Calculul pierderilor prin interstitiile de montaj.
Calculul fortei de inchidere hidraulica.
- Calculul mechanic al generatorului
Calculul principalelor elemente din system (arbore, rulmenti, pistoane,
biele, camera de distributie).
Calculul pulsatiilor proprii pentru ansamblul in miscarea de rotatie.
- Calculul termic pentru schema de actionare
Dimensionarea rezervorului.
Dimensionarea circuitului de raciere.
Determinarea temperaturii din sistem pentru un anumit interval de
functionare.

2
- Determinarea fiabilitatii sistemului de actionare
Stabilirea fiabilitatii componentelor sistemului.
Determinarea expresiei in functie de fiabilitate pentru actionarea
proiectata.
- Studiul sistemului de actionare in regim dinamic
Stabilirea modelului matematic al sistemului de actionare.
Determinarea raspunsului sistemului la variatia sarcinii.
Studiul sistemului de comenzi.

Anexa grafica:
un desen pe format A3 cu un element al generatorului hidraulic;
un desen pe format A1 cu o sectiune prin ansamblul generatorului.

3
 Studiul posibilitatii de actionare cu
transmisie hidrodinamica

Alegerea cuplajului hidraulic

Mp= = Mn = hmp / x=0.97nm2D25

nt
x
np
X 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.97
hmp
N min 2 8.73 8.56 8.25 7.78 7.28 6.59 5.75 4.74 3.33 1.74 1.03 0.98
10
3
4
m
Cn 287.81
D2 5 3
5 0.887
rpm 0.98 10
2
730 0.98 10 3
2

D2 = 0.887
Mp = hmpn2D25
x = 0.9
D25 = 0.551
hmp = 1.7410-3
n = 500 => Mp = 239.68 [Nm]
n = 600 => Mp = 345.14 [Nm]
nn = 730 => Mp = 287 [Nm]
0.97 n n 0.97 730
i 1.011
n max 700
(n1/x=0 ; M1/x=0) (n1 0 ; M1) (0 ; 560)
(n2/x=0.1 ; M2/x=0.1) (n2 0.1 ; M2) (34.5 ; 561.6)
(n3/x=0.2 ; M3/x=0.2) (n3 0.2 ; M3) (72 ; 562.3)
(n4/x=0.3 ; M4/x=0.3) (n4 0.2 ; M4) (112.5; 563.7)
(n5/x=0.2 ; M5/x=0.2) (n5 0.2 ; M5) (154 , 564)
(n6/x=0.2 ; M6/x=0.2) (n6 0.2 ; M6) (197.5 , 564.3)
(n7/x=0.2 ; M7/x=0.2) (n7 0.2 ; M7) (258 , 566.7)
(n8/x=0.2 ; M8/x=0.2) (n8 0.2 ; M8) (329 , 567)
(n9/x=0.2 ; M9/x=0.2) (n9 0.2 ; M9) (460 , 571.67)
(n10/x=0.2 ; M10/x=0.2) (n10 0.2 ; M10) (639 , 456.67)
(n11/x=0.2 ; M11/x=0.2) (n11 0.2 ; M11) (693.5 , 293.34)
(n12/x=0.2 ; M12/x=0.2) (n12 0.2 ; M12) (720.3 , 273.34)
4
Mp = kmp n2 D25

Pentru:
x=0.97 kmp = 0.98 10-3
Mp1 = 0.98 10-3 6002 0.8875 = 193.708[Nm]
Mp2 = 0.98 10-3 8002 0.8875 = 344.369[Nm]

x=0.95 kmp = 1.03 10-3

Mp1 = 1.03 10-3 6002 0.8875 = 203.591[Nm]
Mp2 = 1.03 10-3 8002 0.8875 = 361.939[Nm]

x=0.90 kmp = 1.74 10-3

Mp1 = 1.74 10-3 6002 0.8875 = 343.930[Nm]
Mp2 = 1.74 10-3 7502 0.8875 = 537.390[Nm]

x=0.80 kmp = 3.32 10-3

Mp1 = 3.32 10-3 5002 0.8875 = 455.718[Nm]
Mp2 = 3.32 10-3 6002 0.8875 = 656.234[Nm]

x=0.70 kmp = 4.74 10-3

Mp1 = 4.74 10-3 4502 0.8875 = 527.013[Nm]
Mp2 = 4.74 10-3 5002 0.8875 = 650.634[Nm]

x=0.6 kmp = 5.75 10-3

Mp1 = 5.75 10-3 3502 0.8875 = 386.743[Nm]
Mp2 = 5.75 10-3 4502 0.8875 = 639.309[Nm]

x=0.5 kmp = 6.59 10-3

Mp1 = 6.59 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 325.646[Nm]
Mp2 = 6.59 10-3 4002 0.8875 = 578.927[Nm]

x=0.4 kmp = 7.28 10-3

Mp1 = 7.28 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 359.743[Nm]
Mp2 = 7.28 10-3 3502 0.8875 = 489.650[Nm]

5
x=0.3 kmp = 7.78 10-3
Mp1 = 7.78 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 384.450[Nm]
Mp2 = 7.78 10-3 3502 0.8875 = 523.280[Nm]

x=0.2 kmp = 8.25 10-3

Mp1 = 8.25 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 407.675[Nm]
Mp2 = 8.25 10-3 3252 0.8875 = 478.452[Nm]

x=0.1 kmp = 8.56 10-3

Mp1 = 8.56 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 422.994[Nm]
Mp2 = 8.56 10-3 3252 0.8875 = 496.431[Nm]

x=0 kmp = 8.73 10-3

Mp1 = 8.73 10-3 3002 0.8875 = 431.395[Nm]
Mp2 = 8.73 10-3 3252 0.8875 = 506.290[Nm]

6
 CALCULUL SCHEMEI DE ACTIONARE
IN CIRCUIT DESCHIS

Vom calcula presiunea mecanica la generatorul hidraulic din cadrul schemei de

actionare.

SCHEMA N CIRCUIT DESCHIS:

7
Date de proiect:
Turatiile : nmin = 500[rot/min]
nmax = 700[rot/min]
Cuplurile: Mmin = 150[Nm]
Mmax = 400[Nm]

P1 = nmin 30 Mmax = 500 30 400 = 20943.95 [W]

P2 = nmax 30 Mmin = 700 30 150 = 10995.57 [W]
Protor = max(P1,P2)=2.0943104[W]

n min n max 500 700

nm 600rot / min
2 2
M M max 150 400
M m min 275 Nm
2 2

Cn[Nm] = 287.81[Nm]
nm = rpm[rot/min] = 730[rot/min]
n4 = 750[rot/min]
C
Cs = C C n 546.839[ N m]
s

C max
Cmax = C C n 575.62[ N m]
n

ncr = 0.92nm = 677.6[rot/min]

Se aleg urmatoarele date de calcul:

Din (nm; Protor) =>
- Protor = 22[kW]
- nm = 730[rot/min]
- Tip motor 225M-B
- Torque Cn (Nm) = 287.81 (Nm)
- Torque Cs/Cn = 1.9 (Nm)
- Torque Cmax/Cn = 2.0 (Nm)
- j = 0.54700 [kgm2]
- kg = 285
- ns = 750 [rot/min]

8
 p m Vm
Mm h m
2
h [0.95 0.97]
m [0.92 0.96]
p m [10 20] MPa
Vm cilindreea motorului [cm3/rot]
M m 2 275 2
Vm 127.65[cm 3 / rot ]
p m h m 15 0.96 0.94
pp = pm + p1 + p2
V2 l n
p1 ( i )
2 d c i 1
Vm n m
Qm 10 3 [l / min]
V
127.65 600
Qm 10 3 79.78 [l / min]
0.96
V [0.95 0.97]
2
dc 4 Qm
Qm V dc
v V
V [2.5 6][m / s]
Se calculeaza dc si se adopta una din valorile prevazute in STAS:
- 8, 10, 14, 16 , 20, 25, 32, 40
47 9.78 10 3
dc 0.20m se adopta : d c 20mm
4 60

Tip ulei:
Se adopta uleiul: H12A
Caracteristicile uleiului: 15 = 900 [kg/m3]
50 = 12 [cst]

= 0.0007 C-1
t = 20

9
1cst=10-6 [m/s]

Denumire Valoarea Nr. Elemente

Intrare conducta 0.5 1
Filtru 1.9 1
Intrare pompa 0.5 1
Iesire pompa 1 1
Teu 3 2
Cot 90 0.4 6
Supapa sens 1.6 1
Distribuitor 8 1
Intrare motor 0.5 1

l = 10 [m]

p1 = 331441.79 [Pa] p1 = 0.331 [MPa]

Retur p2:

Denumire Valoarea Nr. Elemente

Iesire motor 1 1
Cot 90 0.4 3
Teu 3 1
Distribuitor 8 1
Intrare rezervor 1 1

10
p2 = 266577.29 [Pa] p2 = 0.266 [MPa]

pp = 15 + 0.331 + 0.266 pp = 15.597 [MPa]

Pp = 23939.41 [W] Pp = 23.93 [kW]

Motor:
Se adopta urmatoarele caracteristici pentru motor:
ns = 750 [rot/min]
Pm = 30 [kW]
tip : 250M8
nn = 730 [rot/min]
Cn = 392.47 [Nm]
Cs/Cn = 1.9
Cmax/Cn = 2.0
J = 0.84300 [kgm2]
m = 390 [kg]

Furtunuri:

I.D. [inch] = dc I.D. = 0.787 [inch]

Se adopta furtun cod: GH781-12 I.D. 0.75 [inch]

Filtrul:

Finete de filtrare 25 m
Pmax = 1 [bar]

Se adopta filtru cod: 12AS 2 10QE B G S12

11
Distribuitor:

Numar de cai: 4
Presiune lucru: 350 [bar]

Qm
Q 83.10 [l / min]
v
Se adopta ditribuitor cod: Y 1X/350 C G24 N9 K4

Supapa de siguranta:

Se calculeza presiunea de declansare:

p = pp + 5MPa = 15.597 + 5 = 20.597 MPa
Qm
Q 83.10 [l / min] se adopta conform STAS Dn = 8
v

Supapa de sens:

pp = 15.597 MPa
Qm
Q 83.10 [l / min]
v

Se adopta supapa de sens cod: CVFP 12 N 04BX 005

12
 REPREZENTAREA DEBITULUI LA
GENERATOR HIDRAULIC
m
sin
Q A R sin 2 sin[ (m 1) ]
2
sin
2
Se vor considera cazurile cand avem m = 4 pistoane si respective m = 3 pistoane
active.
2

7
t
nm
la motor a sin cron 76.44 [rad / s]
30

2 dp
R 47.89
cos
d 2p
A 420.18 [ mm 2 ]
4
15
2
T

76.44 [ rad / s]
Vm 127.65
dp
Vm 2R sin z
4
z7
2 dp
R
cos
4 sin d p z 4Vm cos
Vm dp 3
4 cos 4 sin z
127.65 103 cos 15
dp 3
sin 15 7
d p 27.87 [ mm]

13
 4
sin
7 sin[ 3 ]
m 4 Q 420.18 47.89 76.44 sin(15 )
180 sin 7
7
Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.908 105 sin[t 1.346]
3
sin
7 sin[ 2 ]
m 3 Q 420.18 47.89 76.44 sin(15 )
180 sin 7
7
Q 8.908 10 sin[ 0.897] 8.908 10 sin[t 0.897]
5 5

Pentru m=4
t 0 Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0 1.346] 8.683 105 [mm3 / s]
T 2
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.752 105 [mm 3 / s]
168 168
2T 4
t Q 8.908 10 sin[
5
1.346] 8.808 105 [mm 3 / s]
168 168
3T 6
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.851 105 [mm 3 / s]
168 168
4T 8
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.882 105 [mm 3 / s]
168 168

5T 10
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.901 105 [mm3 / s]
168 168
6T 12
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.9079 10 5 [mm3 / s]
168 168
7T 14
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.901 105 [mm3 / s]
168 168
8T 16
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.882 105 [ mm3 / s]
168 168
9T 18
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 1.346] 8.851 10 5 [ mm 3 / s]
168 168
10T 20
t Q 8.908 10 5 sin[ 1.346] 8.808 10 5 [ mm3 / s]
168 168
11T 22
t Q 8.908 10 5 sin[ 1.346] 8.752 10 5 [ mm 3 / s]
168 168
12T 24
t Q 8.908 10 5 sin[ 1.346] 8.683 10 5 [ mm3 / s]
168 168

Pentru m =3

14
 T 2
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.683 105 [ mm3 / s]
14 14
T T 2 2
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.752 105 [mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 2T 2 4
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.808 10 5 [mm3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 3T 2 6
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.851105 [ mm3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 4T 2 8
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.882 105 [mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 5T 2 10
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.901 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 6T 2 12
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.9079 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 7T 2 14
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.901 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 8T 2 16
t Q 8.908 10 sin[
5
0.897] 8.882 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 9T 2 18
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.851 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 10T 2 20
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.808 105 [ mm 3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 11T 2 22
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.752 105 [ mm3 / s]
14 168 14 168
T 12T 2 24
t Q 8.908 105 sin[ 0.897] 8.683 10 5 [ mm3 / s]
14 168 14 168

pentru m=4 pentru m=3

T Q[mm^3/s] Q [l/min]

15
 T Q[mm^3/s] Q [l/min]
T/14 0.8683 52.098
T/14+T/168 0.8752 52.512
T/14+2T/168 0.8808 52.848
0 0.8683 52.098
T/14+3T/168 0.8851 53.106
T/168 0.8752 52.512
T/14+4T/168 0.8882 53.292
2T/168 0.8808 52.848
T/14+5T/168 0.8901 53.406
3T/168 0.8851 53.106
T/14+6T/168 0.89079 53.4474
4T/168 0.8882 53.292
T/14+7T/168 0.8901 53.406
5T/168 0.8901 53.406
T/14+8T/168 0.8882 53.292
6T/168 0.89079 53.4474
T/14+9T/168 0.8851 53.106
7T/168 0.8901 53.406
T/14+10T/168 0.8808 52.848
8T/168 0.8882 53.292
T/14+11T/168 0.8752 52.512
9T/168 0.8851 53.106
T/14+12T/168 0.8683 52.098
10T/168 0.8808 52.848
11T/168 0.8752 52.512
12T/168 0.8683 52.098

CALCULUL HIDRAULIC AL
GENERATORULUI

Se va efectua calculul pierderilor pentru:

16
 1.Calculul pierderilor de lichid dintre piston si cilindrii:

Q1 = f(p1, p2, l, , , dp)

p1 presiunea din cilindru p1 = 15.597 [MPa]

p2 presiunea din carcasa p2 = 0.3 [MPa]
l lungimea de contact piston-cilindru l=2dp
vascozitatea dinamica = = 51.5810-6896.86
= 0.046 [kg/ms]
interstitiu = 25m
dp diametru piston dp = 27.87 [mm]
d p ( p1 p 2 ) 3 27.87 (15.597 0.3) ( 25 10 3 ) 3
Q1 0.671[ m 3 / s]
12 l 12 0.046 51.58 2 27.87
Q1 1.118 10 8 [l / min]

2.Calculul pierderilor de lichid dintre blocul de cilindri si camera de distributie:

- 2.1 la interior
- 2.2 la exterior
r2

r3

r4

r1

R1 = dp = 27.87 [mm]
R2 = 1.3dp = 36.231 [mm]
R3 = 3dp = 83.61 [mm]
R4 = 3.3dp = 91.971 [mm]

2.1. La interior:

Q21 = f(p1, p2, R1, R2, , , , )

p1 = 15.597 [MPa]
p2 = 0.3 [MPa]
17
 = 25 [m]
= 0.046 [kg/ms]
76.44
38.22 [ rad / s]
2 2
76.44 [ rad / s]
R 22 R 12
( p1 p 2 ) l2
Q 21 2 3
R
12 ln( 2 )
R1
9 36.2312 27.97 2
(15.597 0.3) 896.86 10 38.2 ( 2
)
Q 21 2 ( 25 10 3 ) 3 153.87
36.231
12 896.86 10 9 ln( )
27.87
15.297 8.4406 10 4
Q 21 4
1.05 10 5 [ mm3 / s] 1.75 10 3 [l / min]
1.456 10
dp27.87 10 3
2rp 2 2
tg 2 2 0.2325
R 2 R 3 R 2 R 3 (36.231 83.61) 10 3
0.228
2 2 0.228 2.68 [rad] 153.87

2.2. La exterior:

R 24 R 32
( p1 p 2 ) l2
Q 21 2 3
R4
12 ln( )
R3
91.9712 83.612
(15.597 0.3) 896.86 10 9 38.22 2 ( )
Q 21 2 (25 10 3 ) 3 153.87
91.971
12 896.86 10 9 ln( )
83.61
15.297 2.312 10 3
Q 21 2.896 105 [ mm3 / s] 4.826 10 3 [l / min]
5.283 10 5

Se calculeaza pierderile volumice:

Qv = Q1+ Q21+ Q22 = 1.11810-8+1.7510-3+4.82610-3

Qv = 6.57610-3 [l/min]

p1 [MPa] Q1 [l/min] Q21 [l/min] Q22 [l/min] Qv [l/min]

5 3.58410-9 5.55410-4 1.52810-3 2.08210-3
18
 10 7.40410-9 1.14610-3 3.15410-3 4.30010-3
15 1.12210-8 1.73710-3 4.78010-3 6.51710-3
20 1.50310-8 2.32710-3 6.40410-3 8.73210-3
25 1.88510-8 2.91410-3 8.03010-3 10.92910-3
30 2.26710-8 3.51010-3 9.65610-3 13.15710-3

Calculul fortei de apasare la blocul de cilindrii:

d 2p d g2
F1 m( ) p1
4 4
dg = 0.4dp = 11.148 [mm]
dp = 27.87 [mm]
27.87 2 11.148 2
F1 4( )15.597 F1 31.97 103 [ N]
4 4
R R1
p p1 (p 2 p1 )
R 2 R1
F2 p dR R d
R4 R R3
F2
R3 0
[ p1
R4 R3
( p 2 p1 )] R d dR

R4 R 83.61
F2
R3 0
[15.597
91.971 83.61
(0.3 15.597)] R d dR
R4 (15.297 R 1278.98)
F2 [15.597 ] R d dR
R3 0 8.361
R4
F2
R3 0
(15.597 1.829R 152.96) R d dR
R4
F2
R3 0
(168.566R 1.829R 2 ) d dR
R4
F2 R3
(168.566R 1.829R 2 ) dR
R4
F2 R3
(168.566R 1.829R 2 ) 2.68 dR

F2 225.875( R 24 R 32 ) 1.633( R 34 R 33 )
F2 225.875(91.9712 83.612 ) 1.633(91.9713 83.613 )
F2 15.663 10 3 [ N]
m d g2
F3 ( R m df )p1
4
m=4
df = R3 - R2 =83.61- 39.231=47.379 [mm]
dg = 11.148 [mm]
R3 R2
Rm 23.689 [mm]
2
4 11.1482
F3 (2.68 23.689 47.379 )15.597 F3 40.825 103 [ N ]
4

19
 R4 R R1
F4 [p1 ( p 2 p1 )] R d dR
R3 0 R 2 R1
R4 R 27.87
F4 [15.597 (0.3 15.597)] R d dR
R3 0 36.231 27.87
R4 (15.297 R 426.32)
F4 [15.597 ] R d dR
R3 0 8.361
R4
F4 (15.597 1.829R 50.989) R d dR
R3 0
R4
F4 (66.586R 1.829R 2 ) 2.68 dR
R3 0

F4 89.225(R 22 R 12 ) 1.633( R 32 R 32 )
F4 89.225(36.2312 27.87 2 ) 1.633(36.2313 27.87 3 )
F4 5.505 103 [ N ]

CALCULUL MECANIC
Date de intrare:

dp = 27.87 [mm]

= 15

p = 15.597 [MPa]

Se efectueaza urmatoarele calcule:

20
 1.Dimensionarea arborelui:
Fa
Ft
Fb
dp

2dp 7dp 3dp

12dp=la

d 2p 27.87 2
Fb p 15.597 9514.91[ N ]
4 4
Fa Fb cos 9514.91 cos 15 9190.69[ N ]
Ft Fb sin 9514.91 sin 15 2462.63[ N ]

R 47.89 10 3
M t 4 Ft
4 2462.63
2 2
M t 235.87 [ Nm]
M iV 12 Ft d p 826.55 [ Nm]
V2 4 Ft V1 V1 7 d p 4 Ft 10 d p
40 40
V1 Ft 2462.63 V1 14072.17 [ N ]
7 7
12Ft
V2 4221.65 [ N ]
7
R
M iH 4Fa 880.28 [ N ]
2
M
M iH V3 7 d p V3 iH 4496.04 [ N ]
7d p

M ech M i2 M 2t 1207.52 0.75 235.87 2 1224.65 [ Nm]

Mi 2
M iV M iH
2
826.552 880.282 1207.50 [ Nm]
0.75
M ech W R A
d3
W
32
Rr Rc 113 930
R A min( ; ) min( ; ) min(49.13;516.66) R A 49.13[ N / mm 2 ]
cr cc 2 .3 1 .8

Se adopta urmatorul material: 13CN35

Caracteristici:

21
 Rc=930 [N/mm2]

Rr=113 [N/mm2]

cr=1.8

cc=2.3

2.Alegerea rulmentilor:

Rulment Radial:

Se adopta rulmentul radial TIP 16315

Caracteristici:
Rulment Rulment
R R-A d = 75[mm]

D = 160[mm]

B = 37[mm]
D d
C = 88000[N]

Co = 73500

X=1

Y=1

P=XVFrad = 116167.39=6167.39 [N]

Frad V32 V22 4496.04 2 4221.652 6167.39

C 88000
14.268
P 6167.39
n 730 [rot / min]
L h 5000 [ h ]

Rulment Radial-Axial:

Se adopta rulmentul TIP 7315 B WT

22
Caracteristici:

d = 75 [mm]

D = 160 [mm]

B = 74 [mm]

C = 163000 [N]

Co = 173000

P X V Frad Y Fax
Frad 4 Fa 4 9190.69 36762.76

Fax 36762.76
0.21 e 0.34
C0 173000
Fax 36762.76
2.488 r
Frad 14772.95
Frad V32 V12 4496.04 2 14072.17 2 14772.95[ N ]

r > e Y=1.31

X=0.56

V= 1

P=0.56114772.95+1.3136762.76=56432.067 [N]

C 163000
2.88
P 56432.067
n 730 [rot / min]
L h 750 [ore]

3.Calculul bielei la flambaj:

lf = 0.707lb
lb

23
 lb = (2.63.1)dp =327.87=83.91 [mm]

Flambaj in domeniul elastic:

2 E I
Fb
lf2
E 2.1 1011 [ N / m 2 ]
1
I D 4b [1 ( ) 4 ]
64 4
dg 1

Db 4

Db dg

Fb lf2 4 1
D b [1 ( ) 4 ]
E 64
2
4

Fb lf 64 9514.91 (0.707 83.91 10 3 ) 2 64

Db
1 1
2 E [1 ( ) 4 ] 2 2.1 1011 [1 ( ) 4 ]
4 4
3
D b 4.25 10 [m] 4.25 [ mm]

4.Calculul blocului de cilindrii:

24
 R 22
R max p Ra (bronz) 60 90[ N / mm 2 ]
R 2 R1
2 2

dp 27.97
R1 13.985 [mm]
2 2
R 2 0.8 d p 22.376 [mm]
D BL 2 R cos (1.4 1.65) d p
L BL (1.7 2.3) d p (15 30)[mm]
22.3762
R max 15.597 Ra
22.376 2 13.9852
D BL 2 25.59 cos 15 1.5 27.97
D BL 91.39 [mm]
L BL 2 d p 24.06[mm]
L BL 80 [mm]

CALCULUL TERMIC

Se considera rezervorul un paralelipiped dreptunghic ca in figura de mai jos:

a c
25

b
Vr = (3:5)Qp
Vr = 4Qp = 4125=500 [l]
a = b = 630 [mm]
c = 2a =2630 = 1260 [mm]
Vr 3 500
Vr = 2a3 a 3 6.299 [dm] 630 [mm]
2 2

Scriem ecuatia de bilant termic:

P(1 st )dt m u c u dT m m c m dT A T dT
P = 37 [kW]
st = 0.85
mu masa de ulei:
mu = Vru = 0.5896.86 = 448.43 [kg]
cu caldura specifica pentru ulei:
cu = 1670 [J/kgK]
mm masa partii metalice:
m m [2(a c b c) a b] s 1.1
m m [ 2(0.630 1.260 0.630 1.260) 2 0.630] 0.006 1.1 7850 229.78 [ kg ]
unde s grosimea peretelui rezervorului: s=6 [mm]
cm caldura specifica a otelului:
cm = 460 [J/kgK]
A suprafata de schimb:
A=2(a+b)c [mm2] = 220.6301.260 = 3.175 [m2]
At
P(1 s )
T Tp T k e m u cu mmcm
A
La t=0 T=15C temperatura mediului ambiant
P(1 s ) P(1 s ) 37 103 (1 0.85)
15 k k 15 k 15
A A 417 3.175
k ( 273 15) 4.191 283.8
tf = 4 ore tf = 43600 =14400 [s]
Tf f(t f ) 50 60C timp de functionare

26
 4173.1751440
37 10 3 (1 0.85)
T Tp To 283.8 e 448.431670 229.78460
417 3.175
T 4.191 283.8 e 22.309 4.191[K ]

DETERMINAREA FIABILITATI SISTEMULUI

Expresia fiabilitati pentru elementele din sistem se exprima cu relatia:

t
( ) b
R (t) e a

27
unde : t timpul

a durata de viata

b factor de forma

Coeficienti de mediu a
Nr.
si solicitari
Nr. Elemente Defecte b (timp a [an]
intre
k1 k2 k3 [def/106 h]
defecte)

1 Arbore 1 2 2 1.0038 1 1 207.5

Rulmenti cu
2 1 2 2 2.8201 1.5 1.07 79.04
role

Rulmenti cu
3 1 2 2 1.6445 1.5 1.07 135.55
bile

Articulatii
4 1 2 2 2.50 1.5 1.07 89.16
biela

5 Lagar axial 1 2 2 2.9151 1.5 1.07 76.46

Imbinare
6 1 2 2 2.3811 1.5 1.07 93.53
pistoane

k1 amplasare

k2 nivel solicitari

k3 nivel tempratura 60C

nr.defectes = nr.defectek1k2k3
10 6
timp dintre defecte
nr.defectes

Fiabilitatea la pompa se determina conform urmatoarei formule:

R pompa ( t ) R arbore ( t ) R 2rul.bile ( t ) R rul.role ( t ) R 14
art . biela ( t ) R lagar axial ( t ) R imb. piston ( t )
7

1 nr. defectes = 1.0038122=4.0151

2 nr. defectes = 2.8201122=11.28

28
3 nr. defectes = 1.6445122=6.578

4 nr. defectes = 2.5122=10

5 nr. defectes = 2.9151122=11.66

6 nr. defectes = 2.3811122=9.524

10 6
timp dintre defecte 1 2.4905 10 5
4.0151
10 6
timp dintre defecte 2 2.4905 10 4
11.28
10 6
timp dintre defecte 3 2.4905 10 5
6.578
10 6
timp dintre defecte 4 100000
10
10 6
timp dintre defecte 5 8.576 10 4
11.66
10 6
timp dintre defecte 6 1.049 10 5
4.0151

a1 1
1 a 1 2.4905 105 207.54 [an ]
2.4905 10 5
1200
a2 1
1 a 2 8.865 10 4 79.04 [an ]
8.865 10 4
1200
a3 1
1 a 3 1.5202 105 135.55 [an ]
1.5202 10 5
1200
a4 1
1 a 4 100000 89.16 [an ]
100000 1200
a5 1
1 a 5 8.576 10 4 76.46 [an ]
8.576 10 4
1200
a6 1
1 a 6 1.049 105 93.53 [an ]
1.049 10 5
1200

29
 0 0 0 0 0 0
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (0) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (0) 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (1) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (1) 0.995 0.998 0.9985 0.983 0.9985 0.992 0.965
2 2 2 2 2 2
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa ( 2) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa ( 2) 0.99 0.996 0.995 0.954 0.995 0.978 0.911
3 3 3 3 3 3
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (3) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16 14
] e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (3) 0.985 0.993 0.992 0.917 0.992 0.96 0.847
4 4 4 4 4 4
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa ( 4) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa ( 4) 0.98 0.989 0.988 0.875 0.988 0.939 0.778
5 5 5 5 5 5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (5) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16 14
] e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (5) 0.976 0.985 0.984 0.83 0.983 0.917 0.707
6 6 6 6 6 6
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (6) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (6) 0.971 0.981 0.979 0.783 0.978 0.892 0.637
7 7 7 7 7 7
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (7) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (7) 0.966 0.976 0.973 0.734 0.972 0.866 0.567
8 8 8 8 8 8
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (8) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (8) 0.962 0.971 0.968 0.686 0.966 0.839 0.502
9 9 9 9 9 9
( )1 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5 ( )1.5
R pompa (9) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (9) 0.957 0.966 0.962 0.638 0.96 0.811 0.441
10 10 10 1.5 10 1.5 10 1.5 10 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (10) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (10) 0.952 0.96 0.955 0.591 0.953 0.782 0.384
11 11 11 1.5 11 1.5 11 1.5 11 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (11) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16 14
] e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (11) 0.948 0.954 0.949 0.545 0.946 0.754 0.333
12 12 12 1.5 12 1.5 12 1.5 12 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (12) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14 e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (12) 0.943 0.948 0.942 0.5 0.939 0.724 0.286

30
 13 13 13 1.5 13 1.5 13 1.5 13 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (13) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (13) 0.939 0.942 0.935 0.458 0.932 0.695 0.245
14 14 14 1.5 14 1.5 14 1.5 14 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (14) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (14) 0.934 0.935 0.928 0.418 0.932 0.6667 0.208
15 15 15 1.5 15 1.5 15 1.5 15 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (15) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (15) 0.93 0.929 0.92 0.38 0.916 0.637 0.176
16 16 16 1.5 16 1.5 16 1.5 16 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (16) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (16) 0.925 0.922 0.907 0.344 0.908 0.609 0.147
17 17 17 1.5 17 1.5 17 1.5 17 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (17 ) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (17 ) 0.921 0.915 0.899 0.311 0.9 0.581 0.123
18 18 18 1.5 18 1.5 18 1.5 18 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (18) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (18) 0.916 0.907 0.891 0.28 0.892 0.553 0.102
19 19 19 1.5 19 1.5 19 1.5 19 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa (19) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa (19) 0.912 0.9 0.882 0.252 0.883 0.526 0.084
20 20 20 1.5 20 1.5 20 1.5 20 1.5
( )1 ( )1.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R pompa ( 20) e 207.54
[e 135.55
]2 e 79.04
[e 89.16
]14
e 76.46
[e 93.53
]7
R pompa ( 20) 0.908 0.892 0.873 0.225 0.874 0.5 0.069

31
 CONCLUZII I N. T. S. M

Prin asigurarea prevenirii accidentelor de munc precum i a siguranei n

exploatare a utilajelor de pompare, trebuie respectate urmtoarele:
- prile aflate n micare trebuie prevzute cu aprtori de protecie;
- mecanismele aflate n micare trebuie lubrifiate continuu pentru
evitarea cazurilor accentuate a gripajelor;
- pentru intervenii i reparaii trebuie folosite numai scule i dispozitive
adecvate: chei, ciocane etc;
- personalul ce deservete staiile de pompare va fi instruit permanent n
ceea ce privete exploatarea i ntreinerea pompelor cu pistoane;
- se vor respecta de asemeni cu strictee normele PSI.

32