Compactarea betonului

Compactarea mecanic a betonului se va face prin vibrare. Se admite

compactarea manual (cu maiul, vergele sau ipci n paralel cu ciocnirea cofrajelor),
atunci cnd:
introducerea n beton a vibratorului nu este posibil din cauza
dimensiunilor seciunii sau desimii armturilor i nu se poate aplica eficient vibrarea
exterioar;
ntreruperea funcionrii vibratorului (nreruperea curentului electric). Pentru
compactarea mecanic a betonului se va utiliza procedeul de vibrare intern.
Alegerea tipului de vibrator se va face funcie de dimensiunile elementelor i de
posibilitile de introducere a capului (buteliei) vibratorului ntre armturi.
Durata de vibrare optim se situeaz ntre minimum 5 sec. i 30 sec. n funcie
de lucrabilitatea betonului i tipul de vibrator utilizat.
Semnele exterioare dup care se recunoate c vibrarea s-a terminat, sunt
urmtoarele:
betonul nu se mai taseaz;
suprafaa blocului devine orizontal i uor lucioas;
nceteaz apariia bulelor de aer la suprafaa betonului.
Distana ntre dou puncte succesive de introducere se stabilesc n funcie de
caracteristicile seciunii i desimea armturilor.
Grosimea stratului de beton supus vibrrii nu trebuie s depeasc 3/4 din
lungimea capului vibrator.
La compactarea unui nou strat , butelia trebuie s ptrund 5...15 cm n stratul
compactat anterior.

The compacting of concrete

The mechanic compacting of concrete will be done through vibration. Manual
compacting is allowed ( with manual compactor, slats in parallel with the crash of the
formwork), when
- inserting of the compactor in concrete is not possible because of the section
dimension or the distance betwen the reinforcement is small and it is not possible
to apply an effiecient exterior vibration.
- The interuption of compacting operation (interuption of the electricity). For
mechanic compaction of the concrete it will be utilise the procedure of intern
vibration.
The choosing of the type of the compactor, we must to take in consider the
dimensions of the elements and the posibility to introduct the compactor cylinder
between the reinforcement.
An optim compaction duration is between 5sec and 30sec, depends of the
workability of the concrete and the type of compactor used.
The exterior sign from which we can recognise that the compaction is finish, are the
following:
- The settlement of the concrete doesn`t appear
- The surface of the block become horizontal and a little glossy
- The air bubble don`t appear at the surface of the concrete
 The distance between two consecutive points of introduction of the compactor, will
be stabilize depends of the characteristics of section and the density of the
reinforcement.
- The compaction of a new concrete layer supposed compactor cylinder
should not exceed 5..15cm in the previous layer compacted.
- The thickness of the compacted layer of the concrete should not exceed of
the length of the compactor cylinder

Tratarea betonului dup turnare

Pentru a asigura condiii favorabile de ntrire i a se reduce deformaiile de
contracie, se va asigura meninerea umiditii betonului numai 7 zile dup turnare,
protejnd suprafeele libere prin:
acoperirea cu materiale de protecie;
stropirea periodic cu ap;
aplicarea de pelicule de protecie.
Acoperirea cu materiale de protecie - se va realiza cu prelate, rogojini, strat de
nisip, aceast operaie se va face de ndat ce betonul a cptat suficient rezisten
pentru ca materialul s nu adere la suprafaa acoperit.
Stropirea cu ap va ncepe dup 2-12 ore de la turnarea betonului, n funcie de
tipul de ciment utilizat i temperatura mediului, dar imediat dup ce betonul este
suficient de ntrit pentru ca prin aceast operaie s nu fie antrenat pasta de ciment.
Stropirea se va repeta la intervale de 2 - 6 ore n aa fel nct suprafaa betonului
s se menin permanent umed.
In cazul n care temperatura mediului este mai mic de +5C nu se va proceda la
stropirea cu ap, ci se vor aplica materiale i pelicule de protecie.
Pe timp ploios, suprafeele de beton proaspt vor fi acoperite cu prelate folii de
polietilen.

Treatment of concrete after casting

To ensure a favorable condition of strengthening and to reduce the deformation of the
contraction, will ensure to maintaining the humidity of the concrete maximum 7 days
after the casting, protecting the free surfaces with
- the covering with materials of protection
- a periodic splashing with water
- applying a layer of protection
The covering with materials of protection it will be realize with tilts, mats, a sand layer,
this operation will be do after the concrete got it a sufficient strengthening so that the
material does not adhere to the coated surface.
The splashing with water can be started after 2-12 hours from the casting of concrete,
depends of the type of the utilised cement and the ambient temperature, but
immediately after the concrete is sufficient strengthening for that operation not to
become a cement paste.
The splashing will be repeated in intervals of 2-6 hours because it`s important to
maintain the surface of the concrete permanently wet.
In case of the ambient temperature is less than +5C we don`t proceed to splash with
water, but we will apply the special materials and the layer of protection.
In rainy condition, the surfaces of the fresh concrete will be cover with the sheets of
polyethylene.