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Electrostatica 91
i) Cazul R3
q = ³ DdS = D ³ dS = 4πr 2 D
Σ Σ
de unde:
q
D=
4πr 2
şi:
r qr
D= D =
r 4πr 3
apoi:
qr
E= (4.1)
3
4πεr
r
E = − gradV (r ) = − V ' (r )
r
q
V '= −
4πεr 2
de unde:
q
V= +C
4πεr
ρ v k ∆vk rk
∆E k =
4πεrk3
ρ v k ∆vk rk
E = ¦ ∆E k = ¦
k k 4πεrk3
Partea II. Electrostatica 93
1 ρvr
∆vk ρvk
E= ³
4πε D r 3
dv (4.3)
Mk ∆qk = ρvk ∆vk
D La fel:
rk
P ∆Ek
1 ρv
V= ³
4πε D r
dv (4.4)
Fig.4.2. C@mpul electric creat de o distribu\ie volumic`
de sarcin` electric`.
1 ρS r
E= ³
4πε S r 3
dS (4.6)
1 ρS
V= ³ dS
4πε S r
(4.7)
1 ρl
V= ³
4πε C r
dl (4.9)
³ E ⋅ dl = ³ Eθ dl = Eθ ³ dl = Eθ lΓ1 =0
Γ1 Γ1 Γ1
³ E ⋅ dl = ³ E R dl + ³ E z ( B)dl − ³ E R dl − ³ E z ( D)dl
Γ2 AB BC CD DA
= E z ( B) ³ dl − E z ( D) ³ dl = E z ( B) BC − E z ( D) DA = 0
BC DA
³ D ⋅ ndS = q Σ
Σ
deci:
³ Dz dS − ³ Dz dS +
S1 S2
+ ³ DR dS = DR 2πRh = ρ l h
S1
de unde:
ρl
D = DR =
2πR
şi:
ρl R
E= (4.10)
2
2πεR
R
− gradV = − V '= E
R
ρ l R0
V= ln
2πε R
Dacă R0 =1m, avem:
ρl 1
V= ln (4.11)
2πε R
R2 R3
a) b)
1 ρV R
E= ³
2πε D R 2
dS (4.12)
1 1
V= ³ ρ V ln dS (4.13)
2πε D R
1 ρSR
E= ³
2πε C R 2
dl (4.14)
1 1
V= ³ ρ S ln dl (4.15)
2πε C R