C.C.I.A.

, IV, 2018 -2019 Cladire industriala cu structura din otel- Proiect

Etapa 2 – PROIECTAREA PANEI DE ACOPERIS

2.1 Alegerea solutiei constructive

2.2 Actiuni si combinatii de proiectare a panei
2.2.1 Valorile caracteristice ale actiunilor
2.2.2 Valori de calcul ale actiunilor in combinatiile din SLU si SLS
2.3 Schema statica. Forte si momente de calcul
2.4 Dimensionarea si verificarea panei de acoperis realizata din profile
laminate la cald IPE, IPN sau UPN
2.4.1 Predimensionare
2.4.2 Clasificarea sectiunii
2.4.3 Verificari la combinatii de actiuni in SLU
2.4.4 Verificari la combinatii de actiuni in SLS
2.5 Dimensionarea tirantilor din planul acoperisului
2.6 Detalii de rezemare si prindere a panelor pe ferme (grinzi cu zabrele);
innadiri de continuitate

2.1 SOLUTIA CONSTRUCTIVA

Panele sunt elemente uzinate (in ateliere de confectii metalice) realízate din:
- profile U sau I, in cazul acoperisurilor din materiale cu greutate relativ redusa si
travei cu dimensiuni maxime de 9...12 m.
- alte solutii (grinzi cu goluri pe inima, cu contrafise, cu zabrele si talpi paralele) se
adopta pentru travei mai mari de 12…15 pana la18 m.
Datorita pozitiei inclínate a panelor pe acoperis, acestea sunt solicitate la incovoiere
oblica, sau bidirectionala.
Daca este necesar (se justifica) se dispun si tiranti in planul acoperisului, rolurile lor
fiind:
- Sa micsoreze fortele si momentele ce actioneaza la nivelul panelor in planul
acoperisului;
- Sa transfere reactiunile de pe reazemele intermediare la grinda cu zabrele.

Fig. 2.1 Dispunerea panelor si a tirantilor (1 sau 2 tiranti pe travee) in planul acoperisului

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Din experienta de proiectare se dispun

 Pentru travei T ≤ 6 m un singur tirant
 Pentru travei T > 6 m doi tiranti
T = traveea [m]

2.2 ACTIUNI LA NIVELUL PANEI; COMBINATII

Panele sunt incarcate cu sarcini uniform distribuite rezultate din combinatiile de

actiuni . They are the result of combinations of permanent actions as self weight,
weight of the roof (as dead loads) and variable actions like wind and snow. Purlins
transfer these actions as point loads on the top chord of the roof trusses (or the top
flange of the rafters).

2.2.1 Characteristic values of actions

a. Permanent (G)

 Weight of the roof sheeting or decking

 daN
g înv 8....10 m2 - învelitoare neizolată
g înv,k = g înv = 
cosα 10....12 daN - învelitoare izolată
 m2
 Self weight (catalogs of poducers) or estimated as fonction of span, by and
snow loads on the roof plane

g
g = UPN300
p,k a
 daN 
g  tabel laminate 
UPN300  m 
a=distanta dintre pane

 Weight of equipment and electric cables:

daN
g =20.....40
it,k m2

 Weight of bracing system:

daN
gcv,k =3....5
m2

 Weight of industrial dust, depending on the exposure (industrial

environment, sources of pollution, technological process inside the building):

daN
g pi,k =10...30
m2

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daN
Total G: g k =g înv,k +g p,k +git,k +gcv,k =.....
m2

b. Variable actions (Q)

 Wind action, according to CR1-1-4:2012 (EN 1991-1-4:2006)

NOTE: The slope of the roof induces negative pressures on the roof (suctions); accordingly,
the wind action is neglected in this particular case of purlin design.

 Snow action, according to CR 1-1-3:2012 (EN 1991-1-3:2006):

S=γ ×Ce×Ct ×μ ×s
IS i k
- γ - importance factor of the building: the building is classified as standard building, class
IS
III, γ  1.0
IS ;
- Ce – exposure coefficient depending on the environmental conditions around the building,
see Tab.2.1;
- Ct – coefficient of thermal transfer; Ct  1
- s0,k – characteristic value of snow load (reference value) on the ground, determined
according to the geographical position (maps).
- μ – coefficient of the shape of the snow agglomeration on the roof (see Tab.2.1)
i
0° < <30° <μ =0.8
i
Tab. 2.1 Values of exposure coefficient Distribution of the coefficient of the snow
Ce (sursa – CR 1-1-3/2012, cap. 4) agglomeration on the roof (two pitched roofs)

Exposure Ce
Complete 0.8
Normal 1.0
Reduced 1,2

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Fig. 2.2 Romanian geographical map including the characteristic values of the reference snow
action at ground level sk, kN/m2
2.2.1 Design values

Slope of the roof

 p=5% - thermal insulated building
 p=12% - non insulated
 p 
α=arctg  
 100 
a= spacing between two running purlins

S.L.S U.L.S.
q =[g +S]×a q =[1.35×g +1.5×S]×a
k k d k
Point loads distributed about major axes of the cross section
S.L.S S.L.U
q =q ×cosα q =q ×cosα
z,k k z,d d
q =q ×sinα q =q ×sinα
y,k k y,d d

2.3 STATIC SCHEME ADOPTED

NOTĂ: The solution adopted inside the ptroject is the purlin continuous over two
bays.

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Internal forces and moments for the purlin with one sag rod:

Section I-I Section II-II

M II  q M II-II =0.0957  q  l 2

1
 l 2  0.0625  q  l2 y,Ed z,d
y,Ed 16 z, d z, d

9
V I-I =  q  l V II-II =0
z,Ed 16 z,d z,Ed

q  (l /2)2
M I-I =0 II-II y,d
z,Ed M =
z,Ed 8
5 l
V I-I =  q  5 l
yEd 8 y,d 2 V II-II =  q 
yEd 8 y,d 2

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Internal forces and moments for the purlin with two sag rods

Section I-I Section II-II Section III-III

MIII-III
y,Ed
=0.0902  q  l 2
9 M II-II =0.0957  q  l 2 z,d
M I-I =  q  l 2 y,Ed z,d
y,Ed 16 z,d III-III
Vz,Ed =0.104  q l
z,d
9
V I-I =  q  l V II-II =0 M III-III =0.1 q  (l /3)2
z,Ed 16 z,d z,Ed z,Ed y,d
6 l
V I-I =  q 
M IIII  0.033  q  l2 yEd 10 y,d 3
M I-I =0 z,Ed y,d
z,Ed

4 l V IIII  0
V I-I =  q  y,Ed
yEd 10 y,d 3

2.4 SIZING AND VERIFICATIONS

NOTE: The section adopted for the purlin will be in class2; in accordance with the
standard reccomendations for the verifications considering the plastic capacities, a
theretical plastic hinge may develop on the internal support.

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2.4.1 Sizing the cross section

Plastic modulus determined with the relationships for skew bending:

Purlin with one sag rod Purlin with two sag rods
 MI-I MII-II +k×MII-II   M I-I MIII-III +k×MIIII-II 
W nec 
=max 
y,Ed
;
y,Ed z,Ed 
W nec 
=max 
y,Ed
;
y,Ed z,Ed 
pl,y  pl,y 
 f y,d f
y,d   f y,d f
y,d 
   
 M II M IIII  k  M IIII 
nec  y,Ed z,Ed z,Ed 
W  ; 
pl, y
 f y,d f
y, d 
 
fy
f = , γ 
y,d γ Mo
Mo

k - coefficient of influence of the ratio between the rigidities on both principal

directions (y-y and z-z)

6.....8, pentru profile UPN

k=   domeniul elastic
7.....9, pentru profile IPN, IPE

3.....5, pentru profile UPN

k=   domeniul plastic
4.....6, pentru profile IPN, IPE
Tabulated values for hot
Size then: W  W nec rolled sections
pl,y, efectiv pl,y IPE, IPN, UPN

2.4.2 Check the class of the cross section - EN 1993-1-1:2006 (tab. 5.2)

Top flange in compression Web subjected to bending

b  t w  2r
c
2 c  h  2t  2r
f
c
 9  cl.1 c
t
f  72  cl.1
tw
c
 10  cl.2 c
 83  cl.2
SECTION I

t tw
f

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SECȚIUNE U

c  b  tw  r
c c  h  2t  2r
 9  cl.1 f
t
f c
 72  cl.1
c tw
 10  cl.2
t c
f  83  cl.2
tw

2.4.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE VERIFICATIONS – U.L.S.

2.4.3.1 Verifications for strength

 Verifications of sections subjected to mono-axial and bi-axial bending moment

according to EN 1993-1-1:2006. pct. 6.2.5

The design value of the bending moment, M in the critical sections must satisfy the
Ed
M
criterion: Ed  1 , where M is the design moment resistance of the cross section.
M c,Rd
c,Rd
For sections in classes 1 and 2 (compact and semi-compact sections):

W fy
y,pl
M M 
c,Rd pl,Rd γ
M0

For sections in class 3:

W f
el ,min y
M M 
c,Rd el,Rd γ
M0

 Purlin with one sag-rod  Purlin with two sag rods

M I I MI
y,Ed y,Ed
 1 - section I-I 1 - section I-I
M M
y, pl ,Rd y, pl ,Rd
M II  II M
y,Ed z ,Ed
  1 - section II-II
M M
y, pl ,Rd z, pl ,Rd

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M III  III M III  III

y,Ed z ,Ed
  1 - section III-IIII
M M
y, pl ,Rd z, pl ,Rd

 Verification to shear force according to EN 1993-1-1:2006, pct. 6.2.6

The design value of the internal force V in the critical sections must comply with:
Ed
V
Ed  1 , where V is the design value of the shear resistance in the cross section. The
V c,Rd
c,Rd
plastic resistance is determined accordingly:

A v (f y / 3)
V =V =
c,Rd pl,Rd γ
M0

The shear area Av (Avz or Avy) may be taken as follows:

a) rolled I and H sections, load parallel to web: A − 2btf +(tw +2r)tf but not less than ηhwtw ,
η=1
b) rolled channel sections, load parallel to web: A − 2btf +(tw +2r)tf
c) welded I, H, channel and box sections, load parallel to flanges: A-Σ(hwtw)

A is the area of the cross section.

Verification to shear with respect to z-z Verification to shear with respect to y-y

V V
z , Ed ,max y , Ed ,max
1 1
V V
z , pl ,Rd y , pl , Rd

 Interaction between bending moment and shear forces – EN 1993-1-1:2006, pct. 6.2.8

V
When: Ed  0.5  the shear stresses reduce the resistance to bending in the cross section.
V
c,Rd

2.4.3.2. Stability verifications

Verification against overall buckling by the simplified method applied for beams with lateral
restraints in buildings (EN 1993-1-1)
According to EN 1993-1-1, members with discrete lateral restraint to the compression flange
are not susceptible to lateral torsional buckling if the length Lc between restraints, consequently
the resulting relative slenderness  f of the equivalent compression flange satisfies the
relationship below.
The verification for lateral instability due to flexural buckling is run on the distance between
two restraints, in our case two supports (the end support of the purlin and the internal support
provided by the sag rod fixing or the top chord of the truss (see figure).

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where:
My,Ed – maximum design value of the bending moment within the restraint spacing;
Mc,Rd – resistance to bending of the cross section with respect to the relevant axis of bending (y-y):
Wy  f y
M c , Rd 
M 1

kc – slenderness correction factor for moment distribution between restraints (table);

c,0 - slenderness limit of the compressed flange defined above; a recommended value is:
c,0  LT ,0  0.1

Radius of gyration of the equivalent part of the compressed flange is determined with the
following relationship (the equivalent section comprises the top flange and 1/3 part of the
compressed part of the web and the radius of gyration is determined with respect to z-z axis.

The correction factor allowing for the distribution of the bending moment between the
restraints, kc = 1 (tabulated values) and 1 =93.9.

2.5. SAG RODS DESIGN

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