Elena Alexandrescu

CHIMIE
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 Elena Alexandrescu

CHIMIE
ANORGANICĂ
și FIZICĂ
pentru liceu și gimnaziu
ap
lic
aţi
id
Sinteze
igi
tal
e in
clu
se
Probleme
Teste
Autori: Elena Alexandrescu
prof. gr. I - Şcoala Internaţională „Spectrum”, Ploieşti

Referent: Mariana Rosenschein

prof. gr. I - Colegiul Naţional „Gh. Vrânceanu”, Bacău

Tehnoredactare şi grafică: Sultana Vizireanu

Aplicaţii digitale: Andreea Cojocaru
Mihai Asofie

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României

ALEXANDRESCU, ELENA
Chimie anorganică şi fizică pentru gimnaziu şi
liceu/Elena Alexandrescu. - Ploieşti: Explorator, 2015
ISBN 978-606-93525-7-1

546
544

ISBN: 978-606-93525-7-1

© 2015, Editat şi tipărit la EDITURA EXPLORATOR

Ploieşti, Prahova
100066, Str. Erou Călin Cătălin nr. 5
Str. George Coșbuc nr 2
Tel.: 0244-511244, 0244-595348, 0723-387225, 0745-367226, 0344-401284
Fax: 0244-519466
E-mail: office@cutezatorii.ro
www.cutezatorii.ro
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 TABELUL PERIODIC AL ELEMENTELOR
Blocul s Blocul d Blocul p

GRUPE

Perioade
1 (IA) 18 (VIIIA)
1 1,00797 2 4,00260

1 H He
Hidrogen Numãr atomic ¾ 1 0,00797 ½ Masa atomicã Heliu
2,1 313 567
1s1 2 (IIA) ½ Simbol chimic 13 (IIIA) 14 (IVA) 15 (VA) 16 (VIA) 17 (VIIA) 1s2
3 6,941 4 9,01218 Denumire ¾ Hidrogen
H 5 10,81 6 12,01 7 14,00 8 15,99 9 18,99 10 20,179
Electronegativitate ¾ 2,1 313 ½ Energia primei
2 Li Be 1s1 ionizãri [kcal/g mol] B C N O F Ne
Litiu Beriliu ¿ Bor Carbon Azot Oxigen Fluor Neon
1,0 124 1,5 215 Configurația electronicã 2,0 191 2,5 260 3,0 336 3,5 314 4,0 402 - 497
1s22s1 1s22s2 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6
11 22,98977 12 24,305 13 26,98 14 28,08 15 30,97 16 32,06 17 35,45 18 39,94

3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodiu Magneziu Aluminiu Siliciu Fosfor Sulf Clor Argon
0,9 119 1,2 176 1,5 138 1,8 188 2,1 254 2,5 239 3,0 300 - 363
[Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 3 (IIIB) 4 (IVB) 5 (VB) 6 (VIB) 7 (VIIB) 8 (VIIIB) 9 (VIIIB) 10 (VIIIB) 11 (IB) 12 (IIB) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6
19 39,0983 20 40,08 21 44,9559 22 47,88 23 50,94 24 51,99 25 54,93 26 55,84 27 58,93 28 58,69 29 63,54 30 65,39 31 69,72 32 72,61 33 74,9216 34 78,96 35 79,904 36 83,80

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potasiu Calciu Scandiu Titan Vanadiu Crom Mangan Fier Cobalt Nichel Cupru Zinc Galiu Germaniu Arsen Seleniu Brom Kripton
0,8 100 1,0 141 1,3 151 1,5 158 1,6 156 1,6 156 1,5 171 1,8 182 1,8 181 1,8 176 1,9 178 1,6 216 1,6 138 1,8 187 2,0 231 2,4 225 2,8 273 - 323
[Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p1 [Ar]3d104s24p2 [Ar]3d104s24p3 [Ar]3d104s24p4 [Ar]3d104s24p5 [Ar]3d104s24p6
37 85,4678 38 87,62 39 88,9059 40 91,22 41 92,90 42 95,94 43 (98) 44 101,07 45 102,90 46 106,42 47 107,86 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,71 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,29

5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidiu Stronțiu Ytriu Zirconiu Niobiu Molibden Tecnețiu Ruteniu Rodiu Paladiu Argint Cadmiu Indiu Staniu Stibiu Telur Iod Xenon
0,8 96 1,0 131 1,3 152 1,4 160 1,6 156 1,8 166 1,9 167 2,2 173 2,2 178 2,2 192 1,9 175 1,7 207 1,7 133 1,8 169 1,9 199 2,1 208 2,5 241 - 280
[Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p1 [Kr]4d105s25p2 [Kr]4d105s25p3 [Kr]4d105s25p4 [Kr]4d105s25p5 [Kr]4d105s25p6
55 132,9054 56 137,33 57-71 72 178,49 73 180,94 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,2 77 192,22 78 195,08 79 196,96 80 200,59 81 204,38 82 207,2 83 208,98 84 [209] 85 [210] 86 [222]

6 Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesiu Bariu Hafniu Tantal Wolfram Reniu Osmiu Iridiu Platinã Aur Mercur Taliu Plumb Bismut Poloniu Astatin Radon
0,7 90 0,9 120 1,3 127 1,5 138 1,7 184 1,9 182 2,2 201 2,2 212 2,2 207 2,4 213 1,9 241 1,8 141 1,8 171 1,9 185 2,0 - 2,2 - - 248
[Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2
La-Lu [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s1 [Xe]4f145d106s2 [Xe]4f145d106s26p1 [Xe]4f145d106s26p2 [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 [Xe]4f145d106s26p4 [Xe]4f145d106s26p5 [Xe]4f145d106s26p6
87 [223] 88 226,0254 89-103 104 [261] 105 [262] 106 [263] 107 [262] 108 [265] 109 [266]

7 Fr Ra Ac-Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Franciu Radiu Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium
0,7 - 0,9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2
Blocul f
57 138,9055 58 140,12 59 140,90 60 144,24 61 [145] 62 150,36 63 151,96 64 157,25 65 158,92 66 6,941 67 164,93 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,96

Lantanide La
Lantan
Ce
Ceriu
Pr
Praseodim
Nd Pm Sm Eu
Neodim Promețiu Samariu Europiu
Gd
Gadoliniu
Tb
Terbiu
Dy
Disprosiu
Ho
Holmiu
Er
Erbiu
Tm Yb
Tuliu Yterbiu
Lu
Lutețiu
1,1 129 1,1 159 1,1 133 1,2 145 - 133 1,2 129 - 131 1,1 142 1,2 155 - 157 1,2 - 1,2 - 1,2 - 1,1 143 1,2
[Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s2 [Xe]4f35d06s2 [Xe]4f45d06s2 [Xe]4f55d06s2 [Xe]4f65d06s2 [Xe]4f75d06s2 [Xe]4f75d16s2 [Xe]4f95d06s2 [Xe]4f105d06s2 [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2

89 [227] 90 232,03 91 231,03 92 238,02 93 237,04 94 [244] 95 [243] 96 [247] 97 [247] 98 [251] 99 [252] 100 [257] 101 [258] 102 [259] 103 [260]

Actinide Ac
Actiniu
Th
Toriu
Pa
Protactiniu
U
Uraniu
Np
Neptuniu
Pu Am Cm Bk
Plutoniu Americiu Curiu Berkeliu
Cf
Californiu
Es
Einsteiniu
Fm Md No
Fermiu Mendeleeviu Nobeliu
Lr
Lawrenciu
1,1 - 1,3 - 1,5 - 1,7 - 1,3 - 1,3 - 1,3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s2 [Rn]5f26d17s2 [Rn]5f36d17s2 [Rn]5f46d17s2 [Rn]5f66d07s2 [Rn]5f76d07s2 [Rn]5f76d17s2 [Rn]5f96d07s2 [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s2 [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2
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(oxidare)
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(oxidare) 
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acestui electrod este:
(oxidare)
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este:
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reducere este:
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SRWHQĠLDOXOGHUHGXFHUHSR]LWLY
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ISBN 978-606-93525-7-1