Modificarea parametrilor unei baze de date

Oracle 11g ver.11.2

Versiune Autor Data

1.0 Pletea Aurel 28.05.2014
1) Notiuni generale
Parametrii unei baze de date Oracle pot fi evidentiati prin doua metode:
1)query pe V$ view V$PARAMETER
2) In SQLPlus folosim SHOW PARAMETER
Atentie: in ambele metode trebuie sa fim sysdba, altfel nu merge(table or view does not exist error)
Parametri ai bazei de date ii putem gasi in doua tipuri de fisiere: pfile(init.ora) si spfile.
E utila familiarizarea cu coloanele V$PARAMETER:
SQL>desc V$PARAMETER;

a)PFILE (init.ora file) – e un fisier de initializare, init${ORACLE_SID}.ora in directorul

ORACLE_HOME/dbs. Este un fisier de tip text, care poate fi editat ca orice fisier text. Acest tip de
fisier era folosit in versiuni mai vechi (de 9i) ; mai nou se folosesc fisiere spfile.
Daca nu e setat corect apare eroarea ORACLE NOT AVAILABLE.
Pfile trebuie sa fie pe masina client, nu neaparat pe server.
b)SPFILE –server parameter file, este “single source of truth” pentru baza de date si este tot timpul pe
server nu pe masina client. Spre deosebire de pfile(init.ora) care putea fi editat cu un editor de text in
cazul lui spfile editarea nu se poate face cu editor text.

Denumire si locatie:
Ambele tipuri de fisiere se gasesc in ORACLE_HOME/dbs
La pornirea bazei de date , aceasta isi cauta parametrii in urmatoarea ordine:
spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora
spfile.ora
init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
init.ora (de obicei acesta e doar un fisier exemplu)
Primul fisier gasit devine prioritar.

2) Modificarea parametrilor
E utila familiarizarea cu coloanele V$PARAMETER:
Name Null? Type
----------------------- -------- ----------------
NUM NUMBER
NAME VARCHAR2(80)
TYPE NUMBER
VALUE VARCHAR2(4000)
DISPLAY_VALUE VARCHAR2(4000)
ISDEFAULT VARCHAR2(9)
ISSES_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5)
ISSYS_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(9)
ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5)
ISMODIFIED VARCHAR2(10)
ISADJUSTED VARCHAR2(5)
ISDEPRECATED VARCHAR2(5)
ISBASIC VARCHAR2(5)
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255)
UPDATE_COMMENT VARCHAR2(255)
HASH NUMBER

Parametrii pot fi modificati :

a)la nivel de sesiune cu instructiunea ALTER SESSION set parameter=value;

Pentru ca un parametru sa fie modificabil cu aceasta comanda trebuie ca parametrul respectiv sa aiba
setat ISSES_MODIFIABLE pe valoarea TRUE.
b)la nivel de system cu instructiunea ALTER SYSTEM set parameter=value;
Pentru ca un parametru sa fie modificabil cu aceasta comanda trebuie ca parametrul respectiv sa aiba
setat ISSYS_MODIFIABLE pe valoarea :
-IMMEDIATE ca sa aiba efect imediat
-DEFFERED ca sa aiba efect in sesiunile ce deriva din ea
-FALSE parametrul nu poate fi schimbat cu ALTER SYSTEM (exceptand cazul cand un fisier
parametru e folosit ca sa porneasca instanta)

c)pt parametrii pe care ii putem modifica cu ALTER SYSTEM , ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE arata

daca parametrii pot fi diferiti pt fiecare instanta (TRUE) . Daca e coloana ISSYS_MODIFIABLE este
pe FALSE, atunci aceasta coloana e pe FALSE.

Pentru resetarea valorii unui parametru se foloseste comanda:

alter system reset parameter;

De asemenea se pot evidentia cu un SELECT , daca unul sau mai multi parametri au fost modificati , cu
ajutorul coloanei ISMODIFIED. Aceasta coloana poate lua valorile:
-MODIFIED daca parametrul a fost modificata cu ALTER SESSION
-SYSTEM_MOD daca parametrul a fost modificat cu ALTER SYSTEM
-FALSE daca parametrul n-a fost modificat.

3)Conversia PFILE-SPFILE
PFILE TO SPFILE se face conectat la baza de date ca sysoper
connect / as sysoper;
create spfile from pfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup;
Dar acest user (sysoper) nu are drepturi sa vada parametrii (V$PARAMETER views) si se face
connectarea ca sysdba
show parameter spfile; ca sysdba

SPFILE TO FILE
create pfile=name.ora from spfile; connectat ca sysdba
Exista doua ratiuni pt care sa faci o astfel de modificare:

-pentru operatii de intretinere(maintenance):

create pfile … from spfile; apoi editarea lui pfile , apoi startup db folosind
FILE=<FILENAME> Cand se termina, se reporneste baza de date normal.

-ca sa se faca o evidenta a modificarilor (eventual comentate)

Pentru cei interesati de lista celor 342 de parametri, aceasta se poate gasi in anexa de la sfarsitul
documentului.
ANEXA cu parametrii unei baze de date Oracle versiunea 11.2
lock__space
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