BRVKENTHAL.

ACTA MVSEI

XVI. 1
 MINISTERUL CULTURII

MUZEUL NAŢIONAL BRUKENTHAL

BRVKENTHAL

ACTA MVSEI

XVI. 1

Sibiu / Hermannstadt, 2021

EDITOR IN CHIEF: prof. univ. dr. Sabin Adrian LUCA

SECRETARIAL REDACTION: Dr. Claudia URDUZIA

Dr. Daniela DÂMBOIU
Dr. Ioan TĂUŞAN
Iulia - Maria PASCU
MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:
Dr. Dana HRIB
Dr. Raluca-Maria TEODORESCU
Dr. Alexandru SONOC
Dr. Rodica CIOBANU
Dr. Dorin BARBU
ASSOCIATED MEMBERS TO THE BOARD:
Prof. Dr. Docent Theodor Anton NEAGU (Member of the Romanian Academy)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Ioan-Aurel POP (Member of the Romanian Academy)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Paul NIEDERMAIER (Member of the Romanian Academy)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Conrad GÜNDISCH (Universität Oldenburg - Germania)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Erika SCHNEIDER – BINDER (Universität Karlsruhe, Bereich
WWF Auen Institut - Germania)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Zeno - Karl PINTER („Lucian Blaga” University Sibiu)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Rudolf GRÄF („Babeş – Bolyai” University Cluj Napoca)
Prof. Univ. Dr. Nicolae SABĂU ( „Babeş – Bolyai” University Cluj Napoca)

ISSN: 2285-9470 ISSN-L: 1842-2691

Editura Muzeului Naţional Brukenthal

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sabin Adrian LUCA, In memoriam Claudiu Iuliu Munteanu (1979-2021) ……………….…..…………... 7

*
Florentin PERIANU, Sabin Adrian LUCA, Ana-Maria PĂPUREANU, A Spondylus Gaederopus
Linnaeus, 1758 Bead Discovered at Tărtăria Gura Luncii Site (Alba County) in the 2019 Systematic
Excavation Campaign ……………….…..……………………………………………...…………………....……. 15
Oliver DIETRICH, Die Bronzezeitlichen Tüllenbeile aus dem Brukenthal-Museum Sibiu. Ein
Kommentierter Katalog ……………….…..………………………………………………………………....……. 35

*
Claudiu MUNTEANU , Sorin COCIȘ, Roman Brooches found in Sibiu County ………..……...…..…..… 121
*
Claudiu MUNTEANU , Contributions to Sibiu County Archaeological Repertoire (III) ..…….…..…..… 133
Claudiu MUNTEANU, Raluca Maria FRÎNCU, Older and Newer Coin Discoveries from Transylvania 137
Cristiana TĂTARU, The Ottoman Coin Hoard found at Veștem, Sibiu District ……………….………….. 141
*
Borbála BENDA, Kitchens in the Aristocratic Courts in Early Modern Hungary ……………….……….. 165
Tudor A. MARTIN, A Hoard of 17 -18 Centuries Coins found near Râșnov, Brașov County …….…..
th th
173
Razvan C. POP, Between Principality and Grand Principality: Landmarks of the Demographic
Evolution of Transylvania in the 17th and 18th Centuries ………………….………………………………… 193
Alexandru Gh. SONOC, Two Swedish Copper Plate Coins (Daler) from the Brukenthal National
Museum’s Collection and an Account about Martin Schmeizel’s Adventures in Sweden (1709 And
1712) ……………………………………..…………………………………………………………………..………. 199
Radu TEUCEANU, The Portfolio of Old Maps Convolut Verschiedener Karten in the Brukenthal
Cartographic Cabinet ……………..………………..………..……………………………………………………. 217
Alexandru Gh. SONOC, Dorin BARBU, Ioan BRAI, Remarks on Two Indian Sabres from a Private
Collection from Șelimbăr, Occasioned by Their Conservation ………………………………………………. 245
Alexandru NICOLAESCU, Higiena și Școala [Hygiene and School] Magazine, a Promoter of
Education among the Romanians of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1876-1880) …………………………. 279
*
Jan DE MAERE, A Rediscovered Saif Sheds Light on the Creation of Arab Identity in the Middle East
(1909-1922) ……………………………………………..……..……………………………………………………. 287

*
Dana Roxana HRIB, Brukenthal National Museum in 2020: A Chronicle of History Exhibitions and
Events ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 311
*
Michaela Spataro, Starčevo-Criş ceramic and technology: the first potters of the middle Danube Basin,
Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie, Aus dem Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte
der Universität Kiel, Band 341, Neolithikum and Chalkolitikum in Südosteuropa, vol. 4, In
Kommission bei dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn, 2019 – A Review (Anamaria TUDORIE) …...………. 313
*
List of Abbreviations………........................................................................................................................ 315
 OLDER AND NEWER COIN DISCOVERIES FROM TRANSYLVANIA

Claudiu MUNTEANU*, Raluca Maria FRÎNCU**

Abstract: This note presents several ancient, medieval and modern coin discoveries from Transylvania.
Beside new discoveries, several informations refers to discoveries from the 18th - 19th centuries, published
in several books and magazines of the time, most of them destined to the larger public. Those informations
remained unknown to the archaeological community in Romania, not being included in the districts’
archaeological repertories.
Keywords: coin, hoard, silver, Transylvania, 18th- 19th centuries.

Rezumat: Această notă prezintă câteva descoperiri monetare antice, medievale și moderne din Transilvania.
În afară de câteva descoperiri mai recente, câteva informații se referă la descoperiri din secolele XVIII –
XIX, publicate în câteva cărți și reviste de epocă, majoritatea destinate publicului larg. Acele informații au
rămas necunoscute comunității arheologice din România, nefiind incluse în repertoriile arheologice ale
respectivelor județe.
Cuvinte cheie: monedă, tezaur, argint, Transilvania, secolele XVIII – XIX.

In this note we present several ancient, medieval The hoard was taken to Budapest (*** 1867, 323-
and modern coin discoveries from Transylvania. 324). This discovery should not be confused with
Several discoveries are recent, but the majority are the one made in the same period, found in a clay
old discoveries, from the 18th - 19th centuries, moneybox and composed of 700 silver coins from
which remained unknown to the Romanian Nero to Commodus, which entered the scientific
scientific community. This is due to the fact that literature as the Alba Iulia I hoard (Suciu 2000,
the coins were lost, or were taken to Budapest, 19). Therefor this previously unknown hoard
Wien and Halle, being mentioned in publications should be considered as the Alba Iulia IX hoard.
printed in the German language, most of them
destined to the larger public. The discoveries were
Băgaciu, Mureș district
made in several counties and were not included in
In 1856, in a niche situated in the church’s
their archaeological repertoires (RepArhMS,
surrounding wall, was found a hoard composed of
passim; RepArhCJ, passim; RepArhHG, passim;
2577 silver coins. The coins came from
RepArhBV, passim; RepArhAB, passim;
Hungarian, Transylvanian and Polish mints and
RepArhSJ, passim).
were issued by Sigismund III, John Casimir,
Gabriel Bethlen, Matthia II and Leopold I (Salzer
Alba Iulia (Apulum), Alba district
1860, 358).
1. Around the years 1849 - 1850 were found, in
the ruins of a cellar, 15 Roman silver coins, issued
Bălăușeri, Mureș district
by Trajan (3 coins), Otho (1 coin), Vitellius (1
One bronze sestertius issued by Antoninus Pius
coin), Domitianus (2 coins), Antoninus Pius (2
was found here recently.
coins), Faustina (2 coins), Commodus (2 coins)
and Aurelianus (2 coins) (Neigebaur 1851, 166,
Boița, Hunedoara district
no. 348). This was a coins hoard which remained
In 1850 was found, on the occasion of building
unknown to the Romanian scholars and should be
the railroad, a hoard composed of 222 coins of the
considered as the Alba Iulia VIII hoard.
same type - 12 kreuzer 1795. The hoard was not
retrieved because the coins were too „recent” for
2. In 1867, on the occasion of building the
that time and had no numismatic interest (Seidl
railroad, in the area of Marosporto was found, in a
1856, 325).
clay pot resembling a moneybox, a coin hoard of
Bran, Brașov district
* Brukenthal National Museum Sibiu. One denarius issued by Marcus Aurelius was
** Brukenthal National Museum, ralucafro@yahoo.com.
found here recently during metal detecting
over 500 coins - issues from Drusus to Hadrianus.
activities.
 Brukenthal. Acta Musei, XVI. 1, 2021
Claudiu Munteanu, Raluca Maria Frîncu
Brașov, Brașov district
In 1880 was found here a gold barbarian imitation
after an aureus issued by Marcus Aurelius (***
1885, 110).
Călușeri, Mureș district
Before 1807 was discovered, near this village, a
coin hoard composed of silver tetradrachms of the
Macedonia Prima (with the monogram A) and
Thasos types. The coins were preserved in a clay
pot, found while digging a hole in the ground.
Each coin weighted one loth. The total weight of
the hoard was 5 pfund (*** 1808, 183).
Cenade, Alba district
In october 1856 was found a Medieval hoard
composed of 1902 gold and silver coins. Most of
the coins were issued by Ferdinand I and the
hoard contained ducats issued by Wladislaw of
Hungary and John Zapolya. There were also
thalers in the hoard (Kenner 1860, 397).
Daia, Mureș district
In september 1857 was found a Medieval hoard
composed of 50 coins. The coins were issued by
Wladislaw (1 polturak), Ferdinand I (1 groschen,
3 polturaki), Maximilian II (9 polturaki), Rudolf II
(15 polturaki), Stephan of Poland (3 groschen),
Sigismund III (2 of 3 groschen), John Casimir (1
groschen) and Gabriel Bathory (1 groschen)
(Kenner 1860, 387).
Făgăraș, Brașov district
Roman coins and weapons were found here in the
19th century (Philippi 1861, 7).
Făget, Alba district
Near this village were found in the 18th century
Greek and Roman coins (*** 1781, 48).
Nușfalău, Sălaj district
Roman coins from Nero to Maximianus were
found here (Schuster 1911, I. 116).
Odorheiu Secuiesc, Harghita district
In this town was found, before 1860, a coin hoard
preserved in two broken clay jars. The hoard was
composed of 826 silver denarii – in one pot were
16 Republican denarii, 186 denarii from the
Triumvirate era, several legionar denarii issued by
Marcus Antonius and 2 denarii issued by
Vespasianus, all the coins being worn. In the other
pot were imperial denarii, dated from Vespasianus
to the year 167 A.D., well preserved (Mommsen
1860, 771).
138
Orheiu Bistriței, Bistrița-Năsăud district
One silver groschen issued by Sigismund III in
1596 was found in a garden in the 19th century
(*** 1873, 64).
Răhău, Alba district
In a field near this village was found, in the 19th
century, a gold ducat issued by Sigismund of
Luxembourg (*** 1879, 65).
Rucăr, Brașov district
One silver denarius issued by Matthia Corvinus
was found here during metal detecting activities.
Saschiz, Mureș district
Silver drachms of Dyrrhachium and Roman coins
were found in this area in the first half of the 19th
century (Raffelsperger 1848, 906).
Săcalu de Pădure, Mureș district
Before 1910, near this village was found an
aureus issued by Nero. The coin was gifted to the
ASTRA Museum in Sibiu, from which collection
lated dissapeared (Andriescu 2012, 207).
Sebeș, Alba district
1. From the former numismatic collection of
Friedrich Mauksch from Sebeș are preserved in
the Brukenthal Museum’s collection in Sibiu 6
fragments of Republican coin hoards. It is
unknown if this is a single hoard or several. The
findspot of the hoard/hoards is unknown, but,
similar to the items from the Mauksch
archaeological collection, the coins were probably
found somewhere in the Sebeș area (Streitfeld,
Berciu 1974, 677).
2. From the same numismatic collection of
Friedrich Mauksch are preserved in the
Brukenthal Museum’s collection a fragment of a
medieval coin hoard composed of 23
breitergroschen, issued by Gabriel Bethlen in the
interval 1610-1628 and a fragment of a coin hoard
composed of 25 Polish dreipölkers from the
interval 1621-1625.
Sighișoara, Mureș district
In this town were unearthed, in the first half of the
19th century, several medieval coins, dated in the
12th - 14th centuries. The coins were issued by
Friedrich I (5 denarii), Hungary (3 denarii), Bela
III of Hungary (26 denarii), Stephen V of
Hungary (2 denarii), Ladislau IV of Hungary (7
denarii), Carol Robert of Anjou (2 denarii),
Sclavonia (10 denarii banales), Aquileia (1
denarius), Engelbert I of Cologne (7,5 denarii),
 Brukenthal. Acta Musei, XVI. 1, 2021
Older and Newer Coin Discoveries from Transylvania

Friesach (4 denarii), Florentius III of Holland (5
denarii) and Rainer Ceno of Venice (1 denarius)
(*** 1845, 80-83, no. 977-1005). It is unclear if
some of these coins formed a hoard, or represent
isolated finds.
Solovăstru, Mureș district
In several publications from the 18th - 19th
centuries exists clues that, before 1766, was found
here a great coin hoard. It seems that it was
formed of Dyrrhachium drachms, and, probably,
other types of coins.
These are the informations:
1. In a letter destined to the baron Samuel von
Brukenthal and sent by E. H. Wűrden from Sibiu
at 28th of december 1781, is mentioned that he
owns 28 Dyrrhachium drachms, which come from
a discovery of „several thousands” from
Solovăstru (Schaser 1848, 122).
2. Before 1781, at a citizen from Sibiu, probably
the same E. H. Wűrden, were seen Dyrrhachium
drachms and Roman coins (*** 1781, 48).
In this area was found, in 1844, a coin hoard. It
was composed of Roman republican denarii,
drachms of Dyrrhachium and Dacian coins,
probably silver tetradrachms (Krones 1876, 193).
Transylvania, area of ~
1. Before 1680, a coin hoard formed of Roman
republican denarii was found somewhere in this
region. A small part of this hoard reached Italy
and was mentioned in a publication from the 19th
century (Garruccius 1877). The coins that reached
Italy were issued by L. Cassius Longinus (1 item),
C. Naevius Balbus (1 item), L. Papius (1 item), C.
Poblicius (1 item), L. Procilius (1 item), M.
Volteius (5 items) and Q. Fufius Calenus/M.
Cordius (1 item) (Garruccius 1877, 111-112).
2. In the British Museum’s collection exist several
Dacian tetradrachms, for which it is mentioned
that they were found in Transylvania. The
entrance year in the collection is the same (1919),
so it is not excluded that the items belonged to a
coin hoard.

3. The famous collector from Halle, J. Schulze, Ungra, Brașov district

mentions in his 1766 book, that a friend brought
him from Transylvania silver coins in weight of
19 loth. Half of the coins were Dyrrhachium
drachms, which he sold further (Schulze 1766,
218; Schulze 1790, 346).
4. It is mentioned in a publication from 1853 that
a batch of drachms from Dyrrhachium, Apollonia
and several Dacian coins were found in
Transylvania and were preserved in the Imperial
Cabinet from Wien (*** 1853, 165).
Someșul Mic area, Cluj district
One coin of 3 pfenning issued in 1624 was found
here.
Viscri, Brașov district
Before 1997, in this village was found a coin
hoard, composed of Republican denarii (Kroner
1997, 14).
Vulcan, Brașov district
One bronze sestertius issued by Trajan was found
here recently during metal detecting activities.

REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAFIE

*** 1781 ***, Ungrisches Magazin, oder Beitrage zur ungrischen Geschichte,
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band, Pressburg, 1781.
*** 1808 ***, Intelligenzblatt der Jenaischen Allgem. Literatur – Zeitung, 22, 9 aprilie
1808.
*** 1845 ***, Verzeichnis der aus den Funden von der Jahren 1834 bis 1842
herrűhrenden Műnzen, Preziosen und Alterthums-Gegenstȁnde, Wien, 1845.
*** 1853 ***, Archiv fűr Kunde österreichischer Geschichts-Quellen, 9 band, Wien,
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*** 1867 ***, Anzeiger für kunde der Deutschen vorzeit, 14, 1867.
*** 1873 ***, Programm des evangelischen Obergymnasiums A. B. und der damit
verbundenen Lehranstalten zu Bistritz, Bistritz, 1873.

139
 Brukenthal. Acta Musei, XVI. 1, 2021
Claudiu Munteanu, Raluca Maria Frîncu

*** 1879 ***, Programm des evangelischen Unter-Gymnasiums und der damit
verbundenen Lehranstalten in Mühlbach (Siebenbürgen) für das Schuljahr
1878/9, Hermannstadt, 1879.
*** 1885 ***, Monatsblatt der numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 28, Wien, 1885.
Andriescu 2012 Andriescu Bogdan, Considerații privind colecția de numismatică a
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neuesten Zeit, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Länder-, Völkerkundeund
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Raffelsperger 1848 Franz Raffelsperger (Hrgs.), Allgemeines geograpisch - statistisches lexicon
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Alba, Alba Iulia, 1995.
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Iudita, Repertoriul arheologic al județului Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, 1992.
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2010.
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Hermannstadt, 1860.
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Brukenthal Gubernators von Siebenbűrgen, Hermannstadt, 1848.
Schulze 1766 Schulze Johann Heinrich, Anleitung zum ȁlteren Műnzwissenschaft, worin
die dazu gehȍrigen Schriften veurtheilet, und die Alterthűmer aus Műnzen
erleutert werden, Halle, 1766.
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140
 LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

AA Acta Adriatica.
ActaAH Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest.
ACS Asociaţia culturală Sarmizegetusa.
ActaMN Acta Musei Napocensis, Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Cluj-Napoca.
ActaMP Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău.
ActaSic ActaSiculica, Sfântu-Gheorghe
ActaTS Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu
AM Arheologia Medievală
Angustia Angustia, Muzeul Carpaților Răsăriteni, Sfântu Gheorghe.
AnB(SN) Analele Banatului, Serie nouă, Timişoara.
Annales UA Annales Universitatis Apulensis.
AP Andean Past.
Apulum Apulum. Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.
Archaeo-Mal The Archaeo-Malacology Grup Newsletter, Wallingford, U.K.
Archeologické Archeologicke Rozhledy, Praga.
Rozhledy
ArchErt Archaeologiai Értesitö, Budapest.
Arheologia Arheologia, Sofia.
AȘU Analele Științifice ale Universității „Al. I. Cuza”, Iași.
ATS Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, Sibiu.
AIIAC Anuarul Institutului de Istorie și Arheologie Cluj
AVSL Archiv des Verains für Siebenbürburgische Landeskunde, Neue Folge,
Hermannstadt/Sibiu
BAM Brvkenthal Acta Mvsei, Sibiu.
Banatica Banatica, Muzeul Banatului Montan, Reșița
BAR Brittish Archaeological Reports. International Series, Oxford.
BEN Bibliotheca Ephemeris Napocensis, Institutul de Arheologie și Istoria Artei, Academia
Română, Cluj-Napoca
BB Bibliotheca Brukenthal, Sibiu.
BCMI Buletinul Comisiei Monumentelor Istorice, București
BCSS Buletinul Cercurilor Ştiinţifice Studenţeşti. Arheologie – Istorie – Muzeologie, Alba Iulia.
BMA Bibliotheca Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.
BMN Bibliotheca MuseiNapocensis, Cluj-Napoca
BMN.CP Biblioteca Muzeului Național. Seria Cercetări Pluridisciplinare, Muzeul Național de
Istorie a României, București
BrukAM Brukenthal. Acta Musei, Muzeul Național Brukenthal, Sibiu
BS Biblioteca Septemcastrensis, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu
BSNR Buletinul Societății Numismatice Române
CCA Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice, București.
CCDJ Cultură și Civilizație la Dunărea de Jos, Muzeul Dunării de Jos, Călărași
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