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juridico-penal de responsabilizare pentru fapte contra mediului, vL DSDU‫܊‬ine autoarei D.
0DULQHVFXLQVLVWkQGDDUăWDSULQFRQ‫܊‬LQXWXOYDORURDVHORUVDOHOXFUăUL [42; 43] FăvQFRUSRUDUHDvQ
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viitoare.
1XSRDWHILWUHFXWăFXYHGHUHD‫܈‬LLPSOLFD‫܊‬LDprofesorului M. 'X‫܊‬XvQGH]YROWDUHDLGHLORU‫܈‬L
UHJXOLORUGHDGHUHQ‫܊‬ăDPDWHULHLGUHSWXOXLSHQDOla cea a dreptului mediului. De-a lungul a câtorva
decHQLL vQ FDOLWDWHD VD GH SURPRWRU DO YDORULORU GH PHGLX FH XUPDX D IL SURWHMDWH SULQ PăVXUL
MXULGLFHGHRULFHIHODUHX‫܈‬LWVăVHLPSXQăFXUH]XOWDWHGHVăYkU‫܈‬LWHvQGRPHQLXO‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬HLMXULGLFH
IDSWGHPRQVWUDWSULQQXPHURDVHOHVDOHOXFUăULFXFDUDFWHU‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬ific [27; 28] ‫܈‬LGLGDFWLF [25; 26].
Oprindu-QHDVXSUDFHOHLGLQXUPăSUHVXSuneriPHQ‫܊‬LRQăPFă&3DORomâniei din perioada
2004-2009 vQFRUSRUD vQ &DS 9 &ULPH ‫܈‬L GHOLFWH FRQWUD PHGLXOXL vQFRQMXUăWRU GLVSR]L‫܊‬LL GH
incrimLQDUHDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa DSHLSULQvQFăOFDUHDUHJXOLORUSULYLQGSURWHF‫܊‬LDDSHORUDUW
396) [19]. În pofida acestui fapt, unii doctrinari ai timpului respectiv cum ar fi: H. Diaconescu
[21; 24; 38; 40; 44; 47] vQFHDUFăVăVHQVLELOL]H]HVăGH]YROWHPHFDQLVPXOUăVSXQGHULLSHQDOHSULQ
DGDSWDUHD VD OD H[LJHQ‫܊‬HOH GH PHGLX DVLPLODUHD ‫܈‬L FRQWUDFDUDUHD LQIUDF‫܊‬LRQDOLWă‫܊‬LL FH DWHQWHD]ă
QHPLORV vQ XOWLPLL DQL OD LQWHJULWDWHD ‫܈‬L IXQF‫܊‬LRQDOLWDWHD vQ FRQGL‫܊‬LL SULHOQLFH D componentelor
mediului. Prin lucrarea sa [39], autorul C. 0DQWD vQFHDUFă Vă GHVFULH VXE DVSHFW FRPSDUDWLY
DF‫܊‬LXQHDOHJLLSHQDOHHXURSHQHDVXSUDFRQGXLWHORUUHSUR‫܈‬DELOHODDGUHVDPHGLXOXL‫܈‬LvQVSHFLDOOD
DGUHVD UHVXUVHORU GH DSă DFFHQWXkQG LPSRUWDQ‫܊‬D ‫܈‬L WDFWLFD UHJOHPHQWăULORU SHQDOH SULQ IDSWXO
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[29] vQ FDUH FRQVWDWă Fă RVHULH GHIDSWHFRQVLGHUDWHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLGDFăVXQWGHQDWXUăVă SXQăvQ
SHULFRO YLD‫܊‬D VDX VăQăWDWHD XPDQă YHJHWDOă VDX DQLPDOă SHGHDSVD SXWkQG vPEUăFD IRUPD
vQFKLVRULL‫܈‬LVDXDPHQGăSHQDOă
Trecând la analiza gradului de cercetare sub aspect doctULQDUDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei
vQ VSD‫܊‬LXO &6, SXWHP DILUPD Fă VSHFWUXO OXFUăULORU ‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬LILFH FH DERUGHD]ă SUREOHPDWLFD
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au FDRELHFWGHFHUFHWDUHIDSWHOHSHQDOHFHDWHQWHD]ăODFDWHJRULDFRPSRQHQWHLGHPHGLXDYXWHvQ
GLVFX‫܊‬LH(VWHGHPHQ‫܊‬LRQDWDLFLDXWRULLWH]HORU de doctorat A. Romanov, I. Popov, I. Filanenco,
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doctrinar rus în materia incriPLQăULLLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei poate fi atribuit autorLORUUX‫܈‬L
Gurbanov R., Ovcearenko E.V., %XNDUHORYD / ‫܈‬L ‫܇‬YHLJKHU 2., Vetrov 1 , ‫܈‬L /HDSXQRYD ,X,
7LPR‫܈‬HQFR,X A., Latîpov R. M. ‫܈‬L$OWvQ‫܈‬LQ$*., S. Golubev.
'LQWUH SHUVRQDOLWă‫܊‬LOH FH V-au interesat în mod constant de problematica în materie de
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SHQWUXIDSWHFHDWHQWHD]ăODUHVXUVHOHDFYDWLFHVHQXPăUăDXWRULL Bogoliubov S. A. [62], Erofeev
B. V. [66], Petrov S. [69], Golicencov A. K. [65], Brinciuk M. M. [63], Misnik G. A. [68],
5H‫܈‬HWQLNRY* I. [71] ‫܈‬D

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SHFDUHOHSRWFăSăWDvQVWDUHQDWXUDOă”. Ulterior, s-au IăFXWSURSXQHULGHFRPSOHWDUHDDFHVWHL
GHILQL‫܊‬LL FX SUHFL]ăUL SULYLQG IRORVLQ‫܊‬HOH DIHFWDWH ‫܈‬L DVSHFWHOH H[WUDHFRQRPLFH GHgradarea
peisajului, stânjenirea pescuitului etc. [41, p. 164].
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textelor unor legi (de mediu sau penale). Astfel, H[LVWă RGLIHUHQ‫܊‬ăvQVHPQDWăvQWUHWH[WXO/HJLL
apelor a RM QUFHGHILQH‫܈‬WHQR‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHL‫܈‬LFHODODUW&P RM ce
incrimineD]ă DFHHD‫܈‬L IDSWă DGLFă SROXDUHa apei, nemaivorbind de alte legi speciale în domeniu
(art. 2) [33]. Prin urmare, din textul QR‫܊‬LXQLORUSUH]HQWDWHVHREVHUYăRGLIHUHQ‫܊‬ăHVHQ‫܊‬LDOăDWkWGH
IRUPXODUHFkW‫܈‬LGHFRQFHSWFHHDFHQXDUWUHEXLVăVHvQWkPSOHHYLGHQWFXH[FHS‫܊‬LDGLIHUHQ‫܊‬LHULL
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vQFDQWLWăаLVDXFRQFHQWUDаLL care pUH]LQWăSHULFROSHQWUXPHGLXЮL om.
În subiectul 2.2. cu genericul: „Obiectul LQIUDFĠLXQLL GH SROXDUHD DSHL” s-a recurs la
caracteUL]DUHD RELHFWXOXL LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL de poluarea apei, începând cu definirea sa, iar ulterior cu
distingerea ‫܈‬LDQDOL]D categoriilor acestuia$YkQGvQYHGHUHFăUHOD‫܊‬LLOHVRFLDOHUHJOHPHQWDWHGH
normele juridico-SHQDOHFDSăWăFDUDFWHUXOXnor raporturi numite juridico-penale [8, p. 111-112] ‫܈‬i
Fă YDORULOH GH PHGLX DIHFWDWH VXQW DSăUDWH FRQFRPLWHQW ‫܈‬L GH QRUPHOH MXULGLFH GH GUHSW DO
mediului, prin care am definit obiectul jurLGLF DO LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHa apei, IăFkQG X] ‫܈‬L GH
regulile ce stau la baza raportului juridic de drept al mediului.

10
 3ULQXUPDUHDYkQGODvQGHPkQăWRDWHDFHVWHFODULILFăUL‫܈‬LHOHPHQWHSXWHPGHILQLobiectul
LQIUDFаLXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei ca fiind YDORDUHDHFRORJLFăGHPHGLXvQMXUXOЮLFXRFD]LDFăUHLD
VH IRUPHD]ă UHODаLLOH VRFLDOH FH VROLWă SURWHFаLH GLQ SDUWHD OHJLL SHQDOH FRQWUD YăWăPăULL VDX
SXQHULLvQSHULFROSULQVăYkUЮLUHDGHIDSWHÄDQWLHFR-sociale”.
Pornind de la caracterizarea obiectului juridic general DOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei vom
SUHFL]DvQDLQWHGHWRDWHFăSRWULYLWRSLQLHLDFWXDOHXQDQLPHDFHDVWăLQVWLWX‫܊‬LHDGUHSWXOXLSHQDO
DUHvQYHGHUHWRWDOLWDWHDUHOD‫܊‬LLORUVRFLDOHFHFRQVWLWXLHED]HOHRUGLQLLGHGUHSW‫܈‬LFDUHVXQWIRUPDWH
cu ocazia incULPLQăULL ‫܈‬L VDQF‫܊‬LRQăULL XQHL IDSWH FH SUH]LQWă XQ SHULFRO VRFLDO SHQWUX R DQXPLWă
valoare SURWHMDWăÌQDFHVWVHQVRELHFWXOMXULGLFJHQHUDOHVWHFRPXQILHFăUHLLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLRGDWăFH
YDORDUHDGLVWLQFWăDSăUDWăSkQăODXUPăFRQVWLWXLHSDUWHLQWHJUDQWăDordinii de drept.
Cu toate acestea, vQ GRFWULQD SHQDOă DXWRKWRQă PDL QRX VH LGHQWLILFă LGHHD GH]LFHULL vQ D
FRQVLGHUD RELHFWXO JHQHUDO DO RULFăUHL LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL FD ILLQG RUGLQHD GH GUHSW FRPXQă WXWXURU
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLORU [2, p. 6]. Astfel, autoarea G. Cojanu în OXFUDUHDVDGHGRFWRUDWPHQ‫܊‬LRQHD]ăFăGHúi
legiuitorul RM RSHUHD]ă vQ DOLQ (1) art.  &3 50 FX QRĠLXQHD ÄRUGLQHD GH GUHSW´ SHQWUX D
GHVHPQD YDORULOH VRFLDOH FH FRQVWLWXLH RELHFWXO JHQHUDO DO LQIUDFĠLXQLL vQ PRG SUDFWLF SULQ
VăYkUúLUHD DFWHORU GH diversiune se aduce atingere DQXPLWRU UHODĠLL VRFLDOH UHIHULWRDUH OD R
valoare sau la un fascicul de valori concrete [20, p. 39].
De fapt, o asemenea abordare s-DUFHUH‫܈‬LvQFD]XOH[DPLQăULLobiectului nostru de studiu,
unde obiectul general al LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHa apei ar constitui un fascicul de valori, altele
decât cele specifice ordinii de drept, anume valori ale mediului, prin atentarea la care s-ar leza
ordineaOHJLWă‫܊‬LOH GHIXQF‫܊‬LRQDUHvQFRQGL‫܊‬LLQRUPDOHDvQWUHJXOXLHFRVLVWHPQDWXUDl.
9RUELQGGHVSUHFRQ‫܊‬LQXWXOUHJOHPHQWăULORUDFWXDOHFRQVWDWăPFăGRFWULQDFRQVLGHUăunanim
Făobiectul generic DOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei FRLQFLGHFD‫܈‬LvQFD]XOWXWXURULQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLORU
FX YDORDUHD DSăUDWă SULQ vQVX‫܈‬L FDSLWROXO GLQ FDUH IDFH SDUWH DGLFă YDORDUHD ‫܈‬L UHOD‫܊‬LLOH VRFLDOH
FRQVWLWXLWHFXSULOHMXOSURWHF‫܊‬LHLPHGLXOXLGH‫܈‬LFDSLWROXOHVWHGHQXPLWÄLQIUDFаLXQLHFRORJLFH”.
Prin urmare, FRQVLGHUăP Făobiectul generic DOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHDDSHLWUHEXLH Vă VH
UHIHUHODUHOD‫܊‬LLOHVRFLDOHFRQVWLWXLWHvQOHJăWXUăFX SURWHFаLDfactorilor abiotici, DFHVWHDGLQXUPă
constituind un capitol al eventualului titlu denumit în varianta propuVă PDL VXV Ä,QIUDF‫܊‬LXQL
contra mediului natural”. ‫܇‬L GRFWULQD SHQDOă DFWXDOă ÄVLPWH´ QHFHVLWDWHD GLYL]ăULL JUXSXOXL GH
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLHFRORJLFHvQVXEJUXSHPDLPLFLDWXQFLFkQGOHFDUDFWHUL]HD]ă$GXFHPDLFLH[HPSOXO
OXFUăULL VFULVH GH DXWRULL 6 %UvQ]ă ‫܈‬L V. Stati [16, p. 1201] FDUH GLYL]HD]ă WRDWH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLOH
HFRORJLFHvQVXEFDSLWROHGXSăFXPXUPHD]ă,QIUDF‫܊‬LXQLSULQFDUHVHvQFDOFăREOLJD‫܊‬LLOHFHUHYLQ
UHSUH]HQWDQ‫܊‬LORU DXWRULWă‫܊‬LORU SXEOLFH SHUVRDQHORU IL]LFH VDX MXULGLFH vQ OHJăWXUă FX DFWLYLWă‫܊‬LOH
HFRQRPLFH‫܈‬LVRFLDOHFXLPSDFWDVXSUDPHGLXOXLDUW-226 CP RMLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLSULQFDUHVH
DGXFH DWLQJHUH SURWHF‫܊‬LHL UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOe (227-230 CP RM LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL SULQ FDUH VH DGXFH
DWLQJHUHELRGLYHUVLWă‫܊‬LLIDXQHLDUW&3 RM). Mai devreme, prin an. 2005, un alt grup de
autori [13, p. 388, 396] GLYL]DX LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLOH HFRORJLFH vQ LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL HFRORJLFH FX FDUDFWHU
JHQHUDO ‫܈‬L LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL HFRORJLFH FX FDUDFWHU VSHFLDO 'H‫܈‬L QHILLQG GHVWXO GH UHX‫܈‬LWă DFHDVWă
GLYL]DUHWRWX‫܈‬LWHQGLQ‫܊‬DDILUPăULLHLVHIDFHWRWPDLREVHUYDWăvQGRFWULQDSHQDOăDXWRKWRQă
&kWSULYH‫܈‬WHobiectul juridic nemijlocit DOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei, HSUHDSX‫܊‬LQVSXV
DWXQFL FkQG VH VXV‫܊‬LQH Fă are un caracter FRPSOH[ DFHVWD GXSă SăUHUHD QRDVWUă, fiind unul
PXOWLSOX DSDUHQW FX GRXă VDX PDL PXOWH RELHFWH SULQFLSDOH GH DWHQWDUH RELHFW MXULGLF PXOWLSOX
[50, p. 164]).
DXSăSăUHUHDQRDVWUă, ar fi mai corect a-l numi obiect nemijlocit cu caracter multiplu prin
care se aduce atingere mai multor valori de aceeD‫܈‬LLPSRUWDQ‫܊‬ăLQGLIHUHQWFăXQHOHGLQHOHVXQW

11
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YDORUL GLQ GRXă FRQFXUHQWH, DPkQGRXă DFHVWH UHODĠLL VRFLDOH FRQVWLWXLWH FX RFD]LD SURWHMăULL ORU
WUHEXLHUHFXQRVFXWHFDRELHFWHMXULGLFHVSHFLDOHDYkQGDFHHDúLYDORDUH [61, p. 226].
Deci SULQLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLVHDWHQWHD]ă (se pun în pericol), în primul rând, la
UHVXUVHOHGHDSăDIODWHvQPHGLul natural, ca valoare de mediu ce DSDU‫܊‬LQHvQWUHJXOXLHFRVLVWHP
În al doilea rând, SULQVăYkU‫܈‬LUHDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHpoluarea apei se DWHQWHD]ăOD
x UHVXUVHOHSLVFLFROHFDUHYLH‫܊‬XLHVFvQHDDFHVWHDILLQGLQVHSDUDELOHGXSăQDWXUDORUGH
DSă ‫܈‬L FDUH FRQVWLWXLH SDWULPRQLXO SHUVRDQHL DX YDORDUH GH SLD‫܊‬ă FăUHLD vL DSDU‫܊‬LQH RELHFWLYXO
acvatic poluat (art. 197 CP RM);
x integritateDVăQăWDWHD ‫܈‬LYLD‫܊‬DUHVXUVHORU UHJQXOXLYHJHWDO‫܈‬LDQLPDODUW&3RM
îndeletnicirea... cu DOWH H[SORDWăUL DOH DSHORU FX XWLOL]DUHD VXEVWDQĠHORU H[SOR]LYH úL RWUăYLWRDUH
sau a altor mijloace dHQLPLFLUHvQPDVăDIDXQHL
x VăQăWDWHD vPEROQăYLUHD vQ cazul consumului apei poluate – văWăPDUHD JUDYă RUL
PHGLHDLQWHJULWăĠLLFRUSRUDOHVDXDVăQăWăĠLLFDX]DWăGLQLPSUXGHQĠă– art. 157 CP RM‫܈‬LYLD‫܊‬D
persoanei (în caz de deces ca urmare consumului apei poluate – lLSVLUHDGHYLDĠăGLQLPSUXGHQĠă
– art. 149 CP RM).
&kW SULYH‫܈‬WH obiectul material DO LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GRFWULQD DFWXDOă vO GHILQH‫܈‬WH FD ILLQG OXFUXO
EXQXO VDX SHUVRDQD IL]LFă FRQWUD VDX vPSRWULYD FăURUD V-D vQGUHSWDW DF‫܊‬LXQHD VDX LQDF‫܊‬LXQHD
LQFULPLQDWă [11, p. 132]7RWDLFLVHPDLDILUPăDSURDSHvQXQDQLPLWDWHFăRELHFWXOPDWHULDOHVWH
vQWkOQLWQXPDLODLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLOHPDWHULDOH
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trebuie confundat obiectul material FDUH FRQVWLWXLH RELHFWXO OXPLL PDWHULDOH ‫܈‬L GH FDUH VH OHDJă
YDORDUHD VD PDWHULDOă RELHFW DO LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL FX UH]XOWDWXO FRQVHFLQаD PDWHULDOă DO DWHQWăULL OD
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sesizabil, existând pericoluOFă din cauza aWHQWăULLYDSLHULvQYLLWRUVDXQXYDIXQF‫܊‬LRQDvQOLPLWHOH
SDUDPHWULORU QRUPDOL VSHFLILFL OXL GH DVHPHQHD FRQVWLWXLH R FRQVHFLQ‫܊‬ă FH SXQH vQ SHULFRO
integritatea bunului material. Consacratul penalist S. %UvQ]ă DILUPă vQWU-o lucrare a sa [14, p.
137]‫܈‬LSHGUHSWFXYkQWFăYăWăPDUHDHIHFWLYăVDXSRWHQĠLDOăDYDORULORUVRFLDOHúLDUHODĠLLORU
VRFLDOH FRUHVSXQ]ăWRDUH RFURWLWH GH OHJHD SHQDOă DUH ORF SULQ LQIOXHQĠDUHD DVXSUD RELHFWXOXL
PDWHULDODOLQIUDFĠLXQLL'XSăDFHVWDFDOLWăĠLOHRELHFWXOXLPDWHULDODOLQIUDFĠLXQLLVXQWPRGLILFDWH
VDXHOOHSLHUGHFRPSOHWDPHQWHvQFHWHD]ăDFWLYLWDWHDYLWDOăDRUJDQLVPXOXLHVWHSROXDWPHGLXO
‫܇‬LDXWRUXO$O%RURGDFVXV‫܊‬LQHFăDQXPHFRQVHFLQ‫܊‬HOHUHDOHVDXFUHDUHDSULPHMGLHLGHDFDX]DR
DQXPLWăGDXQăGHWHUPLQăVHPQXOHVHQ‫܊‬LDOPDWHULDODOWXWXURULQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLORUvQGUHSWXOSHQDO [8, p.
164].
Urmare la cele afirmate, prin obiect material DO LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL WUHEXLH vQ‫܊‬HOHV HQWLWDWHD
PDWHULDOă EXQ H[LVWHQW vQ SUH]HQW VDX FKLDU vQ YLLWRU SUHFXP ‫܈‬L FHD QHPDWHULDOă EXQXri
QHFRUSRUDOH FDUH Gă YDORDUH PDWHULDOă UHOD‫܊‬LLORU VRFLDOH SURWHF‫܊‬LD FăUHLD HVWH JDUDQWDWă SULQ
LQFULPLQDUHDIDSWHORUFHOHSXQvQSHULFROGHYăWăPDUHVDXOH-DYăWăPDWHIHFWLY
Capitolul 3, intitulat Ä/DWXUDRELHFWLYăDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHDDSHL´ se impune în
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GHDOWHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL‫܈‬LFRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LL conexe.

12
 În subiectul 3.1. „Caracteristica VHPQHORU ODWXULL RELHFWLYH D LQIUDFаLXQLL GH SROuarea
apei”, fiind unul GLQ FHOH PDL LPSRUWDQWH VHPQH DOH FRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HL GH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH FDUH GH IDSW
GHVFULH WRDWH FRQGL‫܊‬LLOH LPSXVH GH QRUPD GH LQFULPLQDUH D RULFăUHL IDSWH SHQDOH GH-a lungul
LVWRULHLHYROX‫܊‬LHi dreptului penal, acesteia i-DIRVWDGDSWDWH‫܈‬LFRQVDFUDWHXQ‫܈‬LUGH QR‫܊‬LXQL
Dintre toate acestea, ne-am oprit OD QR‫܊‬LXQHD FRQVLGHUDWă GH QRL FHD PDL VXFFLQWă ‫܈‬L vQ
DFHOD‫܈‬LWLPSDWRWFXSULQ]ăWRDUHFDUHH[SULPăLGHHDFăSULQlatura obieFWLYăDLQIUDFаLXQLLWUHEXLH
vQаHOHV WRWDOLWDWHD FRQGLаLLORU FHUXWH GH QRUPD GH LQFULPLQDUH SULYLWRDUH OD DFWXO GH FRQGXLWă
SHQWUXFRQVLGHUDUHDH[LVWHQаHLLQIUDFаLXQLL [22, p. 190].
‫܉‬LQkQGFRQWGHLQWHQ‫܊‬LDFRQIHULULLFDUDFWHUXOXL IRUPDl DO LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL ce constituie obiectul
FHUFHWăULL QRDVWUH ne-am expus în lurare nemijlocit asupra LQDF‫܊‬LXQLL ‫܈‬L DF‫܊‬LXQLi (introducerea)
UHDOL]DWă SH FDOH GLUHFWă DUXQFDUH GHVFăUFDUH GHYHUVDUH VDX LQMHFWDUH D XQRU RELHFWH VDX
VXEVWDQ‫܊‬H GH RULFH QDWXUă sau LQGLUHFWă (depozitarea, înhumarea în sol a unor obiecte sau
VXEVWDQ‫܊‬HRDUHFDUHHPLVLDvQDHU DXQRUVXEVWDQ‫܊‬HWR[LFH.
ƒ $F‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLpotrivit textului actual al normei de incriminare, FRQVWăvQ
activitatea de infectare ‫܈‬L impurificare a apei. &LWkQG DF‫܊‬LXQLOH SUHYă]XWH vQ FRQ‫܊‬LQXWXO DUW 
CP RM QX DYHP GHFkW Vă vQFHSHP GH OD expunerea criticilor aduse legiuitorului nostru pentru
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GRPHQLXOXL‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬HLHFRORJLDvQVSHFLDOUDPXULLGHGUHSWDOPHGLXOXL
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GHVFULHDF‫܊‬LXQHDSUHMXGLFLDELOăDFHDDF‫܊‬LXQHGHintroducere SHFDOHGLUHFWăVDXLQGLUHFWăvQDSH, a
SROXDQ‫܊‬LORURELHFWHVDXVXEVWDQ‫܊‬H) vQFDQWLWă‫܊‬LVDXFRQFHQWUD‫܊‬LLFDUHSUH]LQWăSHULFROSHQWUXPHGLX
‫܈‬LRPÌQFD]XOGHID‫܊‬ăDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHLQWURGXFHUHSUH]LQWăXQvQ‫܊‬HOHVXQLYHUVDOVXEvQ‫܊‬HOHJkQGWRDWH
FăLOHPHWRGHOH‫܈‬LPLMORDFHOHFDUHDXGHWHUPLQDWSUH]HQ‫܊‬DSDUWLFXOHORUGăXQăWRDUHvQDSă
$VWIHO VăYkU‫܈‬LUHD LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHa apei prin introducerea pe cale GLUHFWă în ape a
SROXDQ‫܊‬LORU RELHFWH VDX VXEVWDQ‫܊‬H) de orice fel se va avea în vedere: DUXQFDUHD GHVFăUFDUHa,
GHYHUVDUHDLQMHFWDUHDVDXDOWHDFаLXQL SULQFDUHSRDWHDYHDORFLQWURGXFHUHDvQDSăDpROXDQ‫܊‬LORU
(RELHFWHVDXVXEVWDQ‫܊‬H) GHQDWXUăVă-LPRGLILFHSURSULHWă‫܊‬LOHFKLPLFHIL]LFHVDXELRORJLce).
De asemenea, VD DMXQV OD FRQFOX]LD Fă OD vQFDGUDUHD MXULGLFă D IDSWHL SUHMXGLFLDELOH GH
SROXDUHDDSHLQXSUH]LQWăLPSRUWDQ‫܊‬ăFRQVHFLQаHOHGHpericol, metodele, mijloacele prin care are
ORFLQWURGXFHUHDSROXDQ‫܊‬LORUvQDSăIDSWFHGHWHUPLQăDVHHYLWDHQXPHUDUHDORU
ƒ ,QDF‫܊‬LXQHD RPLVLXQHD FH GHWHUPLQă SROXDUHD DSHL FRQVWLWXLH FHDODOWă ID‫܊‬HWă FH
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LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHde poluareDDSHLVăYkU‫܈‬LWăSULQDF‫܊‬LXQH
ÌQ DO GRLOHD UkQG QX YD IL FDOLILFDWă GUHSW LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH GH SROXDUHa apei omisiunea unei
SHUVRDQH vQ D vQWUHSULQGH PăVXUL GH OLFKLGDUH D HIHFWHORU SROXăULL DSHL GH FăWUH DOWH SHUVRDQH
DFHDVWD QHILLQG R REOLJD‫܊‬LH a ei, fapt ce impune a nu confunda scopul normei de la art. 31 din
/HJHDSULYLQGSURWHF‫܊‬LDPHGLXOXLvQFRQMXUăWRU nr. 1515/1993 prin instituirea oEOLJDĠLXQLLJHQHUDOH
a locuitorilor republicii de a proteja meGLXOFXLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLSULQLQDF‫܊‬LXQe [32].
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13
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VWDELOLWă GH FăWUH DXWRULWă‫܊‬LOH GH PHGLX FRPSHWHQWH vQ urma analizei indiciilor fizico – chimici
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materiale nu este suficient doar elHPHQWXOÄFRQVHFLQ‫܊‬ă´DWkWDWLPS FkWRULFHIHOGHDF‫܊‬LXQHvQPRG
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devenind susceptibile de FODVLILFDUH LDU GUHSW XUPDUH DWUDJ GXSă HOH ‫܈‬L QHFHVLWDWHD FODVLILFăULL
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FRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HOH GH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH VH FODVLILFă vQ IRUPDOH GH SHULFRO ‫܈‬L PDWHULDOH GH UH]XOWDW 6DX
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prejudiciabile în RELHFWXOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLVLWXD‫܊‬LH speciILFă‫܈‬LLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHa apei.
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argumentelor contra caracterului material al respHFWLYHLFRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HGHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH
Astfel, cauzele FDUH QH LPSXQ DFWXDOPHQWH Vă UHQXQ‫܊‬ăP OD FRQVLGHUDUHD LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH
poluareDDSHLGRDUvQSUH]HQ‫܊‬DGDXQHORUFXDWkWPDLPXOWDGDXQHORUFRQVLGHUDELOHDUIL
¾ &DUDFWHUXO GLIX] ЮL GLOXDW DO GDXQHL GH mediu constituie una din cele mai deosebite
SDUWLFXODULWăĠLDOHDFHVWHLDILLQGGHWHUPLQDWă GH VWUXFWXUD IXQFĠLRQDOăDfactorilor de mediu care
QXSHUPLWIL[DUHDúLL]RODUHDHIHFWHORUvQORFXOvQFDUHV-DSURGXVDFĠLXQHDGHSROXDUH [1, p. 40].
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- ,PSRVLELOLWDWHDORFDOL]ăULLFXSUHFL]LHDGDXQHORULDUSULQXUPDUHDIăSWXLWRUXOXLvQFD]XO
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¾ Caracterul imprevizibil al prejudiciului ecologic GLFWHD]ăHVHQĠDSDUWLFXODULWăĠLLFXFDUH
DFHVWDVHPDQLIHVWăUHLHúLQGGLQFRQIX]LDFXQRDúWHULLVXELHFĠLORUvQGLUHFĠLDFăURUDVHvQGUHDSWăD
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ODVWDUHDDQWHULRDUăSURGXFHULLSUHMXGLFLXOXL [1, p. 40].
14
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acordându-LR‫܈‬DQVăvQSOXVGHDVFăSDGHUăVSXQGHUHSHQDOă
¾ Caracterul ireversibil al daunei de mediu.
¾ Caracterul incert al daunei de mediu.
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în materie de mediu [55, p. 62]. 3RWULYLW DFHVWRUD IDSWXO Fă WRDWH FRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HOH GH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL
ecologice UHSUH]LQWă FRPSRQHQ‫܊‬H PDWHULDOH constituie un mare regres în plan de asigurare a
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Posibile efectH SR]LWLYH DOH DWULEXLULL FRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HL IRUPDOH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHa
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sale. Câteva argumente în acest sens ar servi:
¾ 'LVSDUHQHFHVLWDWHDVWDELOLULLOHJăWXULLGHFDX]DOLWDWHvQWUHIDSWăЮLFRQVHFLQаH.
¾ (OLEHUDUHDRUJDQHORUMXGLFLDUHGHVDUFLQDSUREăULLH[LVWHQаHLFRQVHFLQаHORU.
¾ 6HGXEOHD]ăVHPQLILFDаLDIXQFаLHLVFRSXOXLSUHYHQWLYHDSHGHSVHLSHQDOH
5HLH‫܈‬LQGGLQFHOHLQYRFDWHREVHUYăPFăSULQFRQVLGHUDUHDIDSWHLGHSROXDUHDDSHLFDILLQG
SHQDOăGLQ momentuOJHQHUăULLXQXLSHULFRO GHGDXQHVHYDFRQVLGHUD‫܈‬LLJQRUDUHDDFHOSX‫܊‬LQWUHL
SULQFLSLLGHED]ăSHFDUHVHIXQGDPHQWHD]ă‫܈‬LUăVSXQGHUHDGHPHGLXvQJHQHUDO
- principiul SUHFDXаLHLvQOXDUHDGHFL]LLORU
- principiul prevenirii riscurilor ecologice Юi a producerii daunelor;
- principiul FRQVHUYăULLELRGLYHUVLWăаLL
¾ 'HYLQH SRVLELOă H[WLQGHUHD UăVSXQGHULL SHQDOH SULQ LQVWLWXLUHD DJUDYDQWHORU care,
DFWXDOPHQWHQXVXQWSUHYă]XWHGHOHJLVOD‫܊‬LDSHQDOăGDXQHDVXSUDVăQăWă‫܊‬LLSHUVRDQHLvQVSHFLDO
FHOHX‫܈‬RDre cauzate prin poluare).
Prin daune aVXSUD VăQăWăаLL SRSXODаLHL VH DUH vQ YHGHUH DSDUL‫܊‬LD XQHL EROL VDX D XQXL
HYHQLPHQWGHVăQăWDWHFDUHGHWHUPLQăSUREDELOLWDWHDvQDOWăDXQXLQXPăUPDUHGHGHFHVH‫܈‬LVDXD
XQXLQXPăUPDUHGHGL]DELOLWă‫܊‬LvQUkQGXOSRSXOD‫܊‬LHLDIHFWDWHRULFDUHGHWHUPLQăH[SXQHUHDODUJă
OD DF‫܊‬LXQH D XQXL DJHQW ELRORJLF FKLPLF VDX IL]LF FH SRDWH FDX]D vQ YLLWRU riscuri semnificative
SHQWUXXQQXPăUVXEVWDQ‫܊‬LDOGHSHUVRDQHvQPLMORFXOSRSXOD‫܊‬LHLDIHFWDWH [16, p. 1212].
În compartimentul 3.2. intitulat: „DeliPLWDUHD LQIUDFаLXQLL GH SROXDUHa apei de alte
LQIUDFаLXQL ЮL FRQWUDYHQаLL conexe” s-a ‫܊‬inut cont de ‫܈‬irul GH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL FDUH GXSă QDWXUD ORU
vQUHJLVWUHD]ă WDQJHQ‫܊‬H FX XQD VDX PDL PXOWH IDSWH SHQDOH ILH Fă IDF SDUWH GLQ DFHOD‫܈‬L JUXS GH
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL VDX GLQ JUXSH GLIHULWH GDU FDUH vPSăUWă‫܈‬HVF VHPQH FRPXQH GH RELFHL VHPQH
FRQVWLWXWLYRELHFWLYH(VWH‫܈‬i cazul LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROXDUHDDSHLFDUHGXSăRELHFWXOHLGHDWHQWDUH
YDORULOHSHULFOLWDWHVDXDIHFWDWHPHWRGHOH‫܈‬LPLMORDFHOHGHUHDOL]DUHSUH]LQWăWUăVăWXULFRPXQHFX
DOWHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLFDUHIDFSDUWHGLQDFHOD‫܈‬L JUXSDUW  &3 RM) sau grupuri diferite (art. 136,
343, 278 CP RM) [10, p. 31].
Pentru delimitarea LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGHSROuarea apei de cea a FRQWDPLQăULLapei potabile
ne-am oprit FX PDL PXOWH GHWDOLL GLQVLPSOXOFRQVLGHUHQWFăvQWUHDFHVWHa GRXăH[LVWăFHOH PDL
QXPHURDVH VLPLOLWXGLQL IDSW FDUH IDFH Vă ILH FRQIXQGDWă GH GRFWULQDULL DXWRKWRQL GH FHL FDUH
vQIăSWXLHVF MXVWL‫܊‬LD ‫܈‬L FKLDU GH FHL FDUH DX HODERUDW WH[WXO QRUPHL GH OD DUW  &3 RM prin a
descrie realizarea laturii obiective a infrDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHD DSHL GUHSW DF‫܊‬LXQHD GH infectare,
considerând-RHFKLYDOHQWDSROXăULL

15
 Din aceste motive, poate CP 50QLFLQXFXQRD‫܈‬WHRDVHPHQHDFRPSRQHQ‫܊‬ăGHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH
FXWRDWHFăvQOHJLVOD‫܊‬LDSHQDOăDQXPHURDVHVWDWHHVWHUHFXQRVFXWăFXGHVăYkU‫܈‬LUHGLIHUHQ‫܊‬DGLQWH
DFHVWHD'HDFHHDDQWHULRUSUH]HQWăULLDUJXPHQWHORUvQIDYRDUHDWH]HLGH criminalizare a faptei de
contaminare a apei potabile, DPSURSXVWH[WXODFHVWHLDGXSăFDUHDP DUăWDt WUăVăWXULOHGLVWLQFWLYH
între acestea, nu din perspectiva reDOL]ăULL XQHL DQDOL]H MXULGLFR-penale, deoarece nu putem
DQDOL]DRLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHQHSUHYă]XWăvQFăGH&350FLGLQSHUVSHFWLYDDUJXPHQWăULLGLVWLQF‫܊‬LHLID‫܊‬ă
de poluarea apei, cu unele referiri ‫܈‬L OD OHJLVOD‫܊‬LD DOWRU VWDWH FH FXQRVF GH PXOW R DVHPHQHD
componeQ‫܊‬ăGHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH
Problema deliPLWăULL LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHD DSHL GH FRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LH este una de mare
SUHRFXSDUH SHQWUX VSHFLDOL‫܈‬WLL vQ GRPHQLX PDL FX VHDPă DWXQFL FkQG VH SXQH vQ GLVFX‫܊‬LH
QHFHVLWDWHDFRQIHULULLFDUDFWHUXOXLIRUPDOFRPSRQHQ‫܊‬HLvQGLVFX‫܊‬LH(YLGHQWVLWXD‫܊‬LDVHFRPSOLFă
atunFLFkQGLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLVHFHUHDILFRQVLGHUDWăGLQPRPHntul VăYkU‫܈‬LULLDF‫܊‬LXQLL
SHULFXORDVH LQWURGXFHUHD vQ DSH D SROXDQ‫܊‬LORU, deoarece este destul de anevoios a distinge
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHD GH FRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LH GXSă VLPSOD DF‫܊‬LXQH 'D vQ‫܊‬HOHJHP Fă H PXOW PDL X‫܈‬RU D GLVWLQJH
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHFRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LHGXSăJUDGXOSUHMXGLFLDELODOXUPăULORUGHUH]XOWDWVSXQkQGFăDWXQFL
FkQGVHFDX]HD]ăSULQIDSWăGDXQHFRQVLGHUDELOHVXQWHPvQSUH]HQ‫܊‬DLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLLDUDtunci când
VHJHQHUHD]ăSUHMXGLFLLVXQWHPvQSUH]HQ‫܊‬DFRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LHL
$‫܈‬DGDUSHQWUXDQHH[SXQHDVXSUDGHOLPLWăULLvQWUHLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHD‫܈‬LFRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LDGHSROXDUHa
DSHL HVWH QHFHVDU vQDLQWH GH WRDWH Vă SUHFL]ăP Fă vQ FRQWH[WXO vQ FDUH VH WUHFH OD considerarea
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLvQFDX]ăGUHSWLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHIRUPDOă vQPRGHYLGHQW‫܈‬LFRQWUDYHQ‫܊‬LDGHSROXDUHDDSHL
WUHEXLHVăvPEUDFHIRUPDGHFRPSRQHQ‫܊‬ăIRUPDOă‫܊‬LQkQGFRQWFăDFWXDOPHQWH‫܈‬L aceasta este una
PDWHULDOă 2U, art. 149 C.Contr. prevede fapta de poluare a mediului (aerului atmosferic, a
ED]LQHORUDFYDWLFHGHVXSUDIDĠăúLVXEWHUDQHDWHUHQXULORUFXGHúHXULLQGXVWULDOHGHFRQVWUXFĠLH
VDXPHQDMHUHFXDSHPHQDMHUHFXHPLVLLGHSROXDQĠLce au cauzat prejudicii [10, p. 34].
Capitolul 4, intitulat „Elemente constitutiv-VXELHFWLYH DOH LQIUDFĠLXQLL GH SROXDUHD
apei”, UHIOHFWă WUăVăWXULOH HVHQ‫܊‬LDOH DOH HOHPHQWHORU VXELHFWLYH VSHFLILFH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHD
DSHL FX LQGLFDUHD SDUWLFXODULWă‫܊‬LORU GH LQFULPLQDUH GXSă VHPQH VXELHFWLYH 3HQWUX R PDL EXQă
VWUXFWXUDUH ‫܈‬L FHUFHWDUH FRPSDUWLPHQWXO GH ID‫܊‬ă VH GLYL]HD]ă vQWUX H[DPLQDUHD DVSHFWXOXL
VXELHFWLYDOSHUVRDQHLIL]LFHSUHFXP‫܈‬LFHOPDQLIHVWDWGHSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHVHSDUDW
În compartimentul 4.1., dedicat analizei „Subiectului LQIUDFĠLXQLL GH SROXDUHD apei” am
precizat Fă VWDWXWXO GH VXELHFW DO UăVSXQGHULL SHQDOH vO SRDWH GH‫܊‬LQH GRDU SHUVRDQD IL]LFă
UHVSRQVDELOăHYLGHQWGHUkQGFXSHUVRDQDMXULGLFăvQFDOLWDWHDORUGHVXELHFWHGHGUHSWFDUHVXQW
vQ FDSDFLWDWH MXULGLFă GH D-‫܈‬L DVXPD REOLJD‫܊‬LL ‫܈‬L GH D-‫܈‬L H[HUFLWD GUHSWXULOH FKLDU ‫܈‬L SH WLPSXO
DVXPăULLUăVSunderii penale.
4.1.1. 3HUVRDQD IL]LFă. 'XSă GLYHUVHOH GHILQL‫܊‬LL DWULEXLWH VXELHFWXOXL LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH FăWUH
GRFWULQDSHQDOăHVWHOHVQHGHvQ‫܊‬HOHVFăDFHVWDUHSUH]LQWăSHUVRDQDSDVLELOăGHUăVSXQGHUHSHQDOă
SHQWUXIDSWDSUHYă]XWăGHOHJHDSHQDOăVăYkUúLWăFXLQWHQĠLHVDXGLQLPSUXGHQĠă [64, p. 75], sau
GXSă FXP PDL UHFHQW HVWH GHILQLW – SHUVRDQD FDUH D VăYkUúLW R LQIUDFĠLXQH úL FDUH SRVHGă WRDWH
FDOLWăĠLOH FHUXWH GH OHJH DVWIHO vQFkW Vă-‫܈‬L SRDWă DVXPD UăVSXQGHUHD SHQDOă [60, p. 74], ori mai
VLPSOX LDU vQ DFHOD‫܈‬L WLPS PDL FRPSOHW VSXV SHUVRDQD IL]LFă VDX MXULGLFă FDUH VăYkUúHúWH R
LQIUDFĠLXQHúLXUPHD]ăVăUăVSXQGăSHQDO [48, p. 126].
&kWSULYH‫܈‬WHFRQGL‫܊‬LLOHSHFDUHWUHEXLHVăOHvQGHSOLQHDVFăSHUVRDQD(individul) pentru a i se
SXWHDDWULEXLFDOLWDWHGHVXELHFWDOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLDFHVWHDVXQWSUHYă]XWHH[SUHVvQFRQ‫܊‬LQXWXODUW
DOLQ&350$GLFăYkUVWDDQL SHQWUXLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLDYkQGvQYHGHUHFă
HVWH R LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH GLQ FDWHJRULD FHORU PDL SX‫܊‬LQ JUDYH ‫܈‬L UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD ÌQ FH SULYH‫܈‬WH

16
responsabilitatea, potrivit art. 22 CP RM, aceasta UHSUH]LQWăVWDUHDSVLKRORJLFăDSHUVRDQHLFDUH
DUH FDSDFLWDWHD GH D vQĠHOHJH FDUDFWHUXO SUHMXGLFLDELO DO IDSWHL SUHFXP úL FDSDFLWDWHD GH D-úL
PDQLIHVWDYRLQĠDúLD-úLGLULMDDFĠLXQLOH
‫܇‬LWRWX‫܈‬LGH‫܈‬LDFWXDOPHQWHVHFRQVLGHUăFăSUREOHPDLGHQWLILFăULL‫܈‬LGHVHPQăULLFDOLWă‫܊‬LLGH
VXELHFWDOLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLHVWHXQDSHGHSOLQUH]ROYDWăH[DPLQkQG‫܈‬LDOWHGHWDOLL‫܈‬LUHDOLWă‫܊‬LLPSXVHGH
DFFHOHUD‫܊‬LD GH]YROWăULL GUHSWXOXL GHRSRWULYă FX FHD D VRFLHWă‫܊‬LL QH IDFH Vă FUHGHP Fă DFHDVWă
FRQVLGHUDUHQXHVWHDOWFHYDGHFkWRDSDUHQ‫܊‬ă6SXQHPDFHDVWDUHIHULQGX-QHFHOSX‫܊‬LQODSHUVRDQD
IL]LFă SHQWUX Fă vQ SULYLQ‫܊‬D SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH PDL UăPkQ vQFă PXOWH QHFXQRVFXWe de aflat în
SURFHVXOUH]ROYăULLGLOHPHL1HUHIHULPDLFLODvQWUHSULQGHUHDLQGLYLGXDOă‫܈‬LJRVSRGăULD‫܊‬ăUăQHDVFă
FăURUD OHJLVOD‫܊‬LDFLYLOă[18] OHUHFXQRD‫܈‬WHGRDUVWDWXWXOMXULGLFGHSHUVRDQăIL]LFă2UDQDOL]kQG
prevederile art. 26 alin. (1) din C.Civ., FRQVWDWăPFăOHJLXLWRUXOSHOkQJăUHJOHPHQWDUHDVWDWXWXOXL
SHUVRDQHLIL]LFHILLQGRPXOSULYLWLQGLYLGXDOFDWLWXODUGHGUHSWXULúLREOLJDĠLLFLYLOHDFRQVDFUDW
DFHVWVWDWXWúLvQWUHSULQGHULLLQGLYLGXDOH7RWDVWIHOVSXQH‫܈‬LDUWalin. (20) al Legii cu privire la
DQWUHSUHQRULDW‫܈‬LvQWUHSULQGHUL845/1992 „ ÌQWUHSULQGHUHDLQGLYLGXDOăQXHVWHSHUVRDQăMXULGLFăúL
VHSUH]LQWăvQFDGUXOUDSRUWXULORUGHGUHSWFDSHUVRDQăIL]LFăvQWUHSULQ]ăWRULQGLYLGXDO” [31].
4.1.2. 3HUVRDQD MXULGLFă. ÌQ IXQF‫܊‬LH GH LQWHUHVXO XUPăULW SURILWXO SH FDUH îl pot genera
DF‫܊‬LXQLOHGHSROXDUHDDSHLSHQWUXIăSWXLWRUFXH[FHS‫܊‬LDFD]XULORUGHSROXDUHDFFLGHQWDOăGDU‫܈‬L
UHLH‫܈‬LQG GLQ SUDFWLFD GRFXPHQWăULL DFHVWRU FDWHJRULL GH LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL OD QLYHO JOREDO IDSWHOH vQ
GLVFX‫܊‬LHVXQWVăYkU‫܈‬LWHvQPRGSUHSRQGHUHQWGHFăWUHSHUVRDQHOHMXULGLFHvQ special cele cu scop
lucrativ.
3UREOHPD FRQVLGHUăULL SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH UDSRUWDWă OD PRPHQWXO GREkQGLULL FDOLWăаLL GH
VXELHFW DO UăVSXQGHULL SHQDOH ЮL DVLPLOăULL FX HD D DOWRU HQWLWăаL IăUă SHUVRQDOLWDWH MXULGLFă
vQFHSHDILVHVL]DWăFUHGHPQRLvQFăGLQÄOHDJăQXO´GRFWULQHL‫܈‬LOHJLVOD‫܊‬LHLFLYLOHGHRSRWULYăFXD
celei comerciale. Anume acestea sunt ramurile dreptului care s-au preocupat în mod constant de
GHILQLUHD HQWLWă‫܊‬LL UHVSHFWLYH LGHQWLILFăULL WUăVăWXULORU SURSULL GDU ‫܈‬L GH VWDELOLUH D Ä]LOHL HL GH
QD‫܈‬WHUH´DOWIHOVSXVDPRPHQWXOXLvQFDUHGREkQGH‫܈‬WHSHUVRQDOLWDWHMXULGLFă
&DWHJRULL GH SHUVRDQH MXULGLFH SDVLELOH Vă UăVSXQGă SHQDO SHQWUX LQIUDFаLXQHD GH
poluarea apei 5HLH‫܈‬LQG GLQ FRQ‫܊‬LQXWXO QRUPHL GH OD DUW  DOLQ (3) CP RM SRWULYLW FăUHLD o
SHUVRDQăMXULGLFăFXH[FHSаLDDXWRULWăаLORUSXEOLFHHVWHSDVLELOăGHUăVSXQGHUHSHQDOăSHQWUXR
IDSWă SUHYă]XWă GH OHJHD SHQDOă FRQFKLGHP Fă WRDWH FDWHJRULLOH GH SHUVRDQH MXULGLFH VXQW
responsabile penal în afDUăGHFHOHGHGUHSWSXEOLF
ÌQ SULQFLSLX WRDWH SHUVRDQHOH MXULGLFH SRW IL MXGHFDWH SHQDO úL SRW VXSRUWD UăVSXQGHUH
SHQDOă FX H[FHSĠLD XQHLD vQ VSHĠă D VWDWXOXL $VWIHO, OHJLXLWRUXO IUDQFH] D‫܈‬D FXP ‫܈‬L FHO DO
PDMRULWă‫܊‬LLVWDWXOXLDH[FOXVDFHDVWDVWDWXkQGFăQXHVWHSRVLELODILúLMXGHFăWRUúLSDUWHVWDWXOQX
se poate pedepsi pe sine [30, p. 90].
5ăVSXQGHUHD SHQDOă D SHUVRDQHORU MXULGLFH VWUăLQH constituie un alt aspect diVWLQFW ‫܈‬L
special ce trebuie considerat la aplicarea UăVSXQGHUii penale pentru poluarea apei.
5ăVSXQGHUHDSHQDOă a persoanelor juridice pentru poluarea apei în cazul în care acestea
s-DXUHRUJDQL]DWGLPLQXDWLQWHQаLRQDWSDWULPRQLXORULV-DXGHVILLQаDWconstituie actualmente o
DOWă SUREOHPă PDMRUă SHQWUX PXOWH ‫܊‬ăUL QHPDLYRUELQG GH50 R SUREOHPă GH PDUH SUHFăXWDUH
DWkW SHQWUXGRFWULQăFkW‫܈‬LSHQWUXFHLFHvQIăSWXLHVFMXVWL‫܊‬LD'H‫܈‬LvQFăQX V-a pus bine la punct
PHFDQLVPXO UHVSRQVDELOL]ăULL SHQDOH D SHUVRDQHORU MXULGLFH SHQWUX LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQL LDWă Fă GHMD
pUDFWLFD UDSRUWHD]ă QRL LPSHGLPHQWH vQ DVLJXUDUHD DSOLFDELOLWă‫܊‬LL GHSOLQH ‫܈‬L QHOLPLWDWH D
UăVSXQGHULL SHQDOH ID‫܊‬ă GH WRDWH SHUVRDQHOH MXULGLFH YLQRYDWH 3UREOHPD H Fă SkQă D VH SXQH vQ

17
DSOLFDUHPHFDQLVPXOGLVFXWDWHQWLWă‫܊‬LOHUHVSHFWLYHDX‫܈‬LJăVLWXQHOHVROX‫܊‬LLGHDVHHschiva de la
UăVSXQGHUHSHQDOă
3UREOHPDUăVSXQGHULLSHQDOHDXWRQRPHvQFDGUXOUăVSXQGHULLDSOLFDWHIDаăGHSHUVRDQD
MXULGLFă ÌQ JHQHUDO HVWH DFFHSWDW IDSWXO Fă UăVSXQGHUHD XQHL SHUVRDQH MXULGLFH QX WUHEXLH Vă
H[FOXGă UăVSXQGHUHDXQHLSHUVoane fizice pentru DFHHD‫܈‬LIDSWăLOLFLWă‫܈‬LYLFHYHUVDVDQF‫܊‬LRQDUHD
XQHLSHUVRDQHIL]LFHQXWUHEXLHVăH[FOXGăSXQHUHDVXEDFX]DUHDXQHLFRUSRUD‫܊‬LL [46, p. 27].
([DPLQDWăvQFDGUXOSFW4.2. DOOXFUăULL„Latura subieFWLYăDLQIUDFĠLXQLLGHSROXDUHa
apei” îQFDOLWDWHDVDGHVHPQREOLJDWRULXODFRQVLGHUDUHDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLH[SULPăDWLWXGLQHDSVLKLFăD
IăSWXLWRUXOXL FH SUHFHGH ‫܈‬L vQVR‫܊‬H‫܈‬WH DF‫܊‬LXQLOH VDX LQDF‫܊‬LXQLOH VDOH LQIUDF‫܊‬LRQDOH DWLWXGLQH
LQIOXHQ‫܊‬DWă‫܈‬LFRQWURODWăGHIXQF‫܊‬LDLQWHOHFWLYăYROLWLYă‫܈‬L DIHFWLYăHPR‫܊‬LRQDOăDSVLKLFXOXLXPDQ
cDUH RGDWă H[WHULRUL]DWă, SHUPLWH GHWHUPLQDUHD YLQRYă‫܊‬LHL PRWLYXOXL ‫܈‬L VFRSXOXL VăYkU‫܈‬LULL
LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL
9LQRYă‫܊‬LD 'H‫܈‬L QX HVWH GHILQLWă H[SUHV vQ &3 RM YLQRYă‫܊‬LD vQ FDOLWDWHD V-a de semn
obligatoriu al laturii suELHFWLYH HVWH GHILQLWă GH GRFWULQD SHQDOă GUHSW DWLWXGLQHD SVLKLFă
FRQúWLHQWă úL RELHFWLYă D SHUVRDQHL IDĠă GH IDSWD SUHMXGLFLDELOă VăYkUúLWă úL XUPăULOH
SUHMXGLFLDELOHDOHDFHVWHLDFHVHPDQLIHVWăVXEIRUPăGHLQWHQĠLHVDXGHLPSUXGHQĠă [12, p. 235].
3ULQ XUPDUH DFHVWH GLQ XUPă GRXă FDWHJRULL GLIHULWH GH DWLWXGLQH PDQLIHVWDWH GH FăWUH IăSWXLWRU
DWkW ID‫܊‬ă GH DF‫܊‬LXQLOH VDX LQDF‫܊‬LXQLle sale FkW ‫܈‬L ID‫܊‬ă GH FRQVHFLQ‫܊‬HOH DFHVWRUD QX UHSUH]LQWă
DOWFHYD GHFkW IRUPH GHULYDWH DOH YLQRYă‫܊‬LHL FDUH LQGLFă JUDGul diferit de pericol social al
PDQLIHVWăULLVDOHQHJDWLYH
,QWHQаLD IQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHD GH SROXDUHD DSHL VH VăYkU‫܈‬H‫܈‬WH GLQ LQWHQ‫܊‬LH GLUHFWă ID‫܊‬ă GH IDSWD
SUHMXGLFLDELOăQXVXQWH[FOXVHVLWXD‫܊‬LLOHvQFDUHDFHDVWDDUSXWHILVăYkU‫܈‬LWă‫܈‬LGLQLQWHQ‫܊‬LHGLUHFWă
ID‫܊‬ă GH FRQVHFLQ‫܊‬HOH GH SHULFRO sau cele de rezultat (daune) ÌQVă SRW H[LVWD ‫܈‬L VLWXD‫܊‬LL FkQG
DF‫܊‬LXQHDGHSROXDUHDDSHLSRDWHILVăYkU‫܈‬LWă‫܈‬LFRQVLGHUDWăGUHSWFDOHVDXPHWRGă prin care a fost
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SH‫܈‬WHOXLDDQLPDOHORUFHVHYRUDGăSDFXDFHDVWăDSăGHFHVXOSHUVRDQHLFXWRDWHFăLGHQWLILFăPR
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DFYDWLFă DWHQWkQG GHMD ‫܈‬L la alte valori decât apa. Ea este IRORVLWă GUHSW PHWRGă (cale) pentru
DWLQJHUHD VFRSXOXL LQIUDF‫܊‬LRQDO LDU FX DFHDVWă RFD]LH IDSWD YD IL FDOLILcată GUHSW LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQH GH
poluareDDSHLvQDLQWHGHWRDWHvQFRQFXUVFXLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQHDSUHYă]XWăODDUWDOLQ(2) lit. m)
CP RM în cazul în care a dus la decesul persoanei.
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vQ‫܊‬HOHDJăWRDWHDSHOHLQFOXVLY cele subterane.
4. Completarea art. 21 al CP RM cu un nou alin. 32 FDUH YD DYHD XUPăWRUXO WH[W Äorice
HQWLWDWHIRUPDWăGLQGRXăVDXPDLPXOWHSHUVRDQHvQVFRSXOGHVIăЮXUăULLDFWLYLWăаLHFRQRPLFHVDX
GH DOWă QDWXUă vQ FRPXQ ЮL VXE RULFH IRUPă MXULGLFă GH RUJDQL]DUH GDU FDUH QX GLVSXQ GH
SHUVRQDOLWDWH MXULGLFă VXQW DVLPLODWH FX SHUVRDQHOH MXULGLFH ЮL UăVSXQG SHQDO GXSă DFHOHDЮL
principii”.
5 ÌQFRUSRUDUHD vQ FRQ‫܊‬LQXWXO DUW  &3 RM a unui nou alin. 33 cu textul: „succesorii
SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH FX VFRS OXFUDWLY YRU UăVSXQGH SHQDO SHQWUX LQIUDFаLXQLOH VăYkUЮLWH GH
persoanele juridice în limita patrimoniului succedat”.
6. Pentru a eficientiza PHFDQLVPXOUHVSRQVDELOL]ăULLSULQVWLPXODUHDODPăVXULSUHYHQWLYH‫܈‬L
GHSROXDWRULLGLQSDUWHDvQVă‫܈‬LDIăSWXLWRUXOXLHVWHQHFHVDUăFRPSOHWDUHDFRQ‫܊‬LQXWXOXLQRUPHLGHOD
art. 57 CP RM FX WH[WXO FDUH DU DGPLWH FRQVLGHUDUHD ‫܈‬L DOWRU DF‫܊‬LXQL DOH IăSWXLWRUXOXL drept
cRQGL‫܊‬LLGHOLEHUDUHGHUăVSXQGHUHSHQDOăvQOHJăWXUă FXFăLQ‫܊‬DDFWLYă ODVăYkU‫܈‬LUHDLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLLGH
poluarea apei, altele decât cele ce presupun repararea prejudiciului. Unele din ele s-ar referi la:
crearea unui obiectiv acvatic similar celui poluat sau care a generat epuizarea apei din cauza
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unui alte componente a PHGLXOXLVăGLUHDXQHLSăGXULFRQVWUXF‫܊‬LDXQRU]RQHGHDJUHPHQWHWF
Deci alin. (1) al art. 57 din CP RM XUPHD]ăDILFRPSOHWDWSULQVLQWDJPD „sau a întreprins alte
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7. De introdus un nou articol în C.Contr. sub nr. 109 intitulat ,,Poluarea apei” cu XUPăWRUXO
text:
Art. 109 Poluarea apei
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SROXDQаLORU vQ FDQWLWăаL VDX FRQFHQWUDаLL FarH QX SUH]LQWă SHULFRO SHQWUX PHGLX ЮL RP se
VDQFĠLRQHD]ăFXDPHQGăGHODODGHXQLWăĠLFRQYHQĠLRQDOHDSOLFDWăSHUVRDQHLIL]LFHFX
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$UWvQUHGDF‫܊‬LDDFWXDOăYDGHYHQLDUW1 C.Contr.
8. 'H OD DUW  DOLQ  &&RQWU vQ UHGDF‫܊‬LD DFWXDOă GH exclus sintagma ,,poluarea
acestora”.

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apelor.
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constituie, la fel, o poluare a apei.
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GHVXSUDIDаăЮLVXEWHUDQH”.
13. $YkQGvQYHGHUHFăSROXDUHDDSHLvQVHQVSHQDOSRDWHDYHDORFSHGLIHULWHFăLLQFOXVLY‫܈‬L
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modificarea textului de la art. 17 din Legea RM FX SULYLUH OD ]RQHOH ‫܈‬L Ik‫܈‬LLOH GH SURWHF‫܊‬LH D
apelor râXULORU‫܈‬LED]LQHORUGHDSă QUvQIRUPXODXUPăWRDUH„Persoanele culpabile de
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ED]LQHORUGHDSăSUHYă]XWODDUWLFROele 13-SRDUWăUăVSXQGHUHvQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXOHJLVODаLD
FLYLOăFRQWUDYHQаLRQDOăVDXSHQDOăGXSăFD]´.
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aprecieze starea, sau mai bine-]LV GDFă FDQWLWDWHD VDX FRQFHQWUD‫܊‬LD SROXDQ‫܊‬LORU vQ DSH SUH]LQWă
pHULFROSHQWUXPHGLX‫܈‬LRP ‫܊‬LQkQGFRQWGHSDUDPHWULLQGLFD‫܊‬LvQDQH[DGLQOrdinul Ministerului
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de mediu, se armonizHD]ăFDGUXOQRUPDWLYFXFDUHRSHUHD]ăOHJHDSHQDOăOD calificarea faptelor ce
DWHQWHD]ăODLQWHJULWDWHD‫܈‬LFDOLWDWHDDSHL Concomitent, termenii noi specLILFD‫܊‬LvQGLVSR]L‫܊‬LDDUW
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art. 229 CP RM, precum ‫܈‬L GHOLPLWDUHD LPSUHFLVă D LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLL GH SROXDUHD apei în raport cu
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special DLQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLORU de poluare a factorilor biotici;
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poluarea apei. ÌQ/HJHDúLYLDĠDQUS-10.
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https://www.oecd.org/corruption/acn/ACN-Liability-of-Legal-Persons-RO.pdf (vizitat
02.08.2017).
47. 3DUDVFKLY ' ‫܇‬W /LDELOLW\ IRU DFWV RI SROOXWLRQ WKDW DIIHFW KXPDQ KHDOWK
http://www.nos.iem.ro/bitstream/handle/123456789/218/Paraschiv%20Daniel.pdf?sequence=1&
isAllowed=y (vizitat 06.08.2017).
48. 3ăYăOHDQX9'UHSWSHQDOJHQHUDO&RQIRUPQRXOXL&RGSHQDO%XFXUHúWL8QLYHUVXO-XULGLF
2012. 508 p.
49. 3ROHDFRY9(VHQ‫܊‬DMXULGLFăDGUeptului de proprietate asupra resurselor acvatice. În: Analele
‫܈‬WLLQĠLILFHDOH$FDGHPLHLÄùWHIDQFHO0DUH´D0$,QUS-212.
50. 5XVX,0'UHSWSHQDO3DUWHDJHQHUDOă(GL‫܊‬LD%XFXUH‫܈‬WL&+%HFNS
51. 7URILPRY , 5ăVSXQGHUHD SHQWUX Frima contra mediului perspectiva conferirii caracterului
RELHFWLY ÌQ $QDOHOH ‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬LILFH DOH $FDGHPLHL Ä‫܇‬WHIDQ FHO 0DUH´ D 0$, 6HULD 'UHSW SXEOLF
2002, nr.1/2002, p. 36-39.
52. 7URILPRY , $UWHQL ' 3UREOHPH FXUHQWH DOH OHJLVOD‫܊‬LHL SHQDOH ‫܈‬L D DSHORU ÌQ Analele
‫܈‬WLLQ‫܊‬LILFHDOH$FDGHPLHLÄ‫܇‬WHIDQFHO0DUH´D0$,, Seria Drept privat, 2003, nr.2/2003, p. 94-99.
53. 7URILPRY , 5ăVSXQGHUHD SHQWUX IDSWD YLLWRDUH úL GHWHUPLQDUHD IăSWXLWRUXOXL vQ UDSRUWXO
MXULGLFGHUăVSXQGHUHÌQ$QDOHOH‫܈‬WLLQĠLILFHDOH$FDGHPLHLÄùWHIDQFHO0DUH´D0$,6HULD'UHSW
privat, 2003, nr.3/2003, p. 4-8;
54. 7URILPRY , 9LQRYăĠLD SHQWUX FDX]DUHD GH GDXQH FLYLOH SULQ SROXDUH GH PHGLX ÌQ $QDOHOH
úWLLQĠLILFHDOH$FDGHPLHLÄùWHIDQFHO0DUH´ a MAI, Seria Drept privat, 2004, nr.4, p. 41-48.
55. TrofLPRY,$UGHOHDQ*&UH‫܊‬X$'UHSWXOPHGLXOXL&KL‫܈‬LQăX%RQV2IILFHVS
56. 8OLDQRYVFKL ; 1R‫܊‬LXQHD ‫܈‬L FDUDFWHUL]DUHD JHQHUDOă D LQIUDF‫܊‬LXQLORU HFRORJLFH ÌQ 5HYLVWD
QD‫܊‬LRQDOăGHGUHSWQUS-9.

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57. 8OLDQRYVFKL ; 7ăLQXLUHD GH GDWH VDX SUH]HQWDUHD LQWHQ‫܊‬LRQDWă GH GDWH QHDXWHQWLFH GHVSUH
SROXDUHDDHUXOXLÌQ5HYLVWDQD‫܊‬LRQDOăGHGUHSWQUS-19.
58. =DPILU37URILPRY,'UHSWXOPHGLXOXL3DUWHDJHQHUDOă&XUVLQWURGXFWLY&KLúLQăX
176 p.
59. =DPILU3‫܈‬D0DQXDOSHQWUXLQVSHFWRULLGHVWDWGHPHGLX&KL‫܈‬LQăX5HFODPDS
60. Ȼɚɫɬɪɵɤɢɧ Ⱥɂ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɬɟɪɫ
Ʉɥɭɜɟɪ. 808 c.
61. ȻɟɥɹɟɜɇȺɄɭɪɫɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚɑɚɫɬɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɚɹɌɨɦ4Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ
Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɫ
62. Ȼɨɝɨɥɸɛɨɜ ɋ Ⱥ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɇɈɊɆȺ 
448 c.
63. Ȼɪɢɧɱɭɤ Ɇ Ɇ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɘɪɢɫɬɶ
1998. 688 c.
64. Ƚɚɭɯɦɚɧɚ ɅȾ Ʉɨɥɨɞɤɢɧɚ ɅɆ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚ ɋȼ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɑɚɫɬɶ Ɉɛɳɚɹ
ɑɚɫɬɶɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɚɹɆɨɫɤɜɚɘɪɢɫɩɪɭɞɟɧɰɢɹ. 784 c.
65. Ƚɨɥɢɱɟɧɤɨɜ Ⱥ . ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ
ɆɨɫɤɜɚɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣȾɨɦ Ƚɨɪɨɞɟɰ´F
66. ȿɪɨɮɟɟɜȻȼɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɊɨɫɫɢɢɆɨɫɤɜɚɘɪɢɫɬɶ1996. 624 c.
67. ɀɟɜɥɚɤɨɜɗ ɇɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɢɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɆɨɫɤɜɚ©Ȼɢɡɧɟɫ-
ɲɤɨɥɚ©ɂɧɬɟɥ-ɋɢɧɬɟɡª. 204 c.
68. Ɇɢɫɧɢɤ Ƚ $ ȼɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜH ȺɜɬRɪHɮHɪDɬ
ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟɭɱɟɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɆɨɫɤɜɚ2008. 56 c.
69. ɉɟɬɪɨɜɋɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɊɨɫɫɢɢɄɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɥɟɤɰɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚɉɪɢɨɪ-ɢɡɞɚɬ
174 c.
70. Ɋɚɪɨɝ Ⱥ ɂ ȼɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 1987. 18ɫ
71. ɊɟɳɟɬɧɢɤɨɜȼɂɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɄɭɪɫɥɟɤɰɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚɓɢɬ-Ɇ, 2003. 331 c.

28
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 ȺɇɇɈɌȺɐɂə
Ȼɨɲɤaɧɹɧɭ Ɇɚɪɱɟɥ ,,ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ”,
ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ  –
ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɄɢɲɢɧɷɭ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɥɚɜɵɨɛɳɢɟɜɵɜɨɞɵɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢɡ 255 ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, 158 ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵɜɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹɜɨɞɚɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɲɚɹɫɪɟɞɚɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɲɟɪɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɛɚɥɚɧɫ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚ: ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɶɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ  ɧɚ ɫɬɵɤɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬ  ɍɄ ɊɆ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ,,lege
ferenda” ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɜɷɬɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɬ. 22ɍɄɊɆɟɝɨɨɛɶɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɢɫɭɛɶɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ
ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ
,,lege ferenda” ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɧɟɣɞɢɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ: ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɧɨɜɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɬ  ɍɄ ɊɆ. Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɹɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɬ  ɍɄ ɊɆ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɨɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɛɚɡɵɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ
Ɋɟɲɺɧɧɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ: ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɹɫɧɨɝɨ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɪɟɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɮɚɤɬɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɤɚɤɧɚɦɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɤɨɧɮɭɡɢɣɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɲɢɯ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣɧɨɪɦɵ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɹɞ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɢɦɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
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 ANNOTATION
%R‫܈‬FDQHDQX 0DUFHO Criminal liability for water pollution”, PhD’s thesis in law at
the specialty 554.01 – &ULPLQDOODZDQGHQIRUFHPHQWODZ&KL‫܈‬LQăX
Thesis structure: Introduction, four chapters, general conclusions and recommendations,
bibliography of 255 titles, 158 text base pages. The results obtained are published in 8 scientific
papers.
Key-words: criminal offense, pollution, water pollution, pollutants, contamination,
drinking water, environment, environmental damage, danger, ecological balance.
Field of study: the paper focuses on one of the most current and complex issues in the
special part of criminal law: criminal accountability for water pollution, specifying that
environmental offenses are the object of the preoccupations at the intersection of criminal law
with environmental law.
Objectives: legal-criminal analysis of theobjective and subjective constituent elements of
the investigated crime of the art. 229 PC RM; identifying technical-legislative deficiencies that
determine inefectiveness of functioning mechanism of criminal accusation of water pollution
deeds and making recommendations with the title of lege ferenda that will contribute to
improvement of the disussed standards, as well of some related provissions.
The purpose of the thesis: is to carry out a thorough investigation of the incriminating
legal framework of the water pollution offense, the complex analysis and interpretation of the
norm stipulated in art. 229 PC RM, revealing and solving the problems faced by law
enforcement bodies in the legal framing of the investigated offense, as well as optimizing,
formulating some proposals of lege ferenda (lex ferenda) for increasing the quality of
regulations in the field.
Scientific novelty and originality of the obtained results: the novelty of the work is
determined by the fact that changes are introduced on the issue of criminal liability for water
pollution. Within it are proposed notions, theses, conceptions, which put in a new light some of
the most controversial issues related to the application of the responsibility for the offense
stipulated in art. 229 PC RM. The originality of the obtained results consists in the investigation
of the most controversial problems of the science and practice of the criminal law referring to the
investigated offense, while at the same time being highlited the technical-legislative deficiencies
from which sufferes the norm stipulated in art. 229 PC RM and the formulation of concrete
proposals for improving the incriminating framework in the matter of.
The important scientific problem solved: lies in the legal organization of a clear
mechanism of accusing of the water pollution deed, which will help to eliminate the difficulties,
confusions and contradictions that have been encountered until recently in the interpretation and
application of the concerned criminal law. In this way, is solved the issue of right penal acussing
and qualification of the facts that threaten the integrity of water resources by eliminating the
duplication of norms, the clear delimitation between different similar components, both crimes
and offences, in order to contribute to the efficiency of the criminal liability for pollution water.
Theoretical significance and applicative value of the work: the scientific research
carried out revealed the existence of imperfections of normative origin, as well as the
insufficiency of research activity in the field of environmental crimes. This situation prevents the
correct application and interpretation of the stipulations of art. 229 PC RM. In order to overcome
these deficiences, through the present paper, we present to the scientific community, to the law
enforcement bodies, to the legislator a series of conclusions and recommendations meant to
contribute to the improvement of the normative framework in the field.
The implementation of the scientific results: pursues the goal of their application in the
process of training students, master students, doctoral law students in higher education
institutions, with any form of education, useful to develop scientific publications, as well as in
their activity of the law enforcement bodies.

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 %2‫&܇‬$1($180$5&(/

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SPECIALITATEA 554.01 - '5(373(1$/ù,(;(&8‫܉‬,21$/3(1$/

Autoreferatul tezei de doctor în drept

_____________________________________________________________________________
Aprobat spre tipar: 20 iulie 2018 Formatul hârtiei 60x84 1/16
Hârtie ofset. Tipar ofset. Tiraj 30 ex.
Coli de tipar: 1,5 Comanda nr. 198
_____________________________________________________________________________

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Web: www.academy.police.md; e-mail: academy@police.md

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