ART.

17 Tr s turile esen iale ale infrac iunii Infrac iune este fapta care prezint pericol social, s vr it cu vinov ie i prev zut de legea penal . Infrac iunea este singurul temei al r spunderii penale. Art. 17. - An action presents social threat if it is committed / perpetrated with guilt and it is provided in the criminal law. Crime is the only ground for criminal liability.

ART. 18 Pericolul social al faptei Fapta care prezint pericol social n n elesul legii penale este orice ac iune sau inac iune prin care se aduce atingere uneia dintre valorile ar tate n art. 1 i pentru sanc ionarea c reia este necesar aplicarea unei pedepse. Art. 18. - The action which constitutes social threat according to criminal law is any action or inaction/non-action by which one of the values mentioned in article 1 is aggrieved and for whose sanction a penalty needs to be applied/it is necessary to apply a penalty.

ART. 19 Vinov ia Vinov ie exist cnd fapta care prezint pericol social este s vr it cu inten ie sau din culp . 1. Fapta este s vr it cu inten ie cnd infractorul: a) prevede rezultatul faptei sale, urm rind producerea lui prin s vr irea acelei fapte; b) prevede rezultatul faptei sale i, de i nu-l urm re te, accept posibilitatea producerii lui. 2. Fapta este s vr it din culp cnd infractorul: a) prevede rezultatul faptei sale, dar nu-l accept , socotind f r temei c el nu se va produce; b) nu prevede rezultatul faptei sale, de i trebuia i putea s -l prevad . Fapta constnd ntr-o ac iune s vr it din culp constituie infrac iune numai atunci cnd n lege se prevede n mod expres aceasta. Fapta constnd ntr-o inac iune constituie infrac iune fie c este s vr it cu inten ie, fie din culp , afar de cazul cnd legea sanc ioneaz numai s vr irea ei cu inten ie.

Art. 19. - Guilt occurs when the action, which constitutes social threat, is committed deliberately or by negligence. 1. An action is deliberately committed when the criminal: a) predicts and intends the result of his action through the perpetration of this action; b) predicts the result of his action and even if he does not intend it, he accepts the possibility of its occurrence; 2. An action is committed by negligence when the criminal: a) predicts the result of his action, but he does not accept it, considering without ground that it will not occur; b) does not predict the result of the action, although the person should have or could have predicted it. An action committed by negligence constitutes a crime only if the law specifically provides it. An action constituting inaction/non-action represents a crime, no matter if deliberately committed or committed by negligence, except for the case in which the law sanctions only deliberate perpetration. ART. 20 Con inutul tentativei Tentativa const n punerea n executare a hot rrii de a s vr i infrac iunea, executare care a fost ns ntrerupt sau nu i-a produs efectul. Exist tentativ i n cazul n care consumarea infrac iunii nu a fost posibil datorit insuficien ei sau defectuozit ii mijloacelor folosite, ori datorit mprejur rii c n timpul cnd sau s vr it actele de executare, obiectul lipsea de la locul unde f ptuitorul credea c se afl . Nu exist tentativ atunci cnd imposibilitatea de consumare a infrac iunii este datorit modului cum a fost conceput executarea. Art. 20. - An attempt constitutes initiation of the execution decision to perpetrate the crime, execution which was interrupted or which did not produce any damage. Attempt exists also in the case in which completion of the crime was not possible due to the insufficiency or failure of the means used, or due to the fact that the action was perpetrated without the presence of the object as expected by the perpetrator. It is not attempt the case in which the impossibility of crime's completion is due to the manner in which the execution was conceived.

ART. 23

Participan ii

Participan i sunt persoanele care contribuie la s vr irea unei fapte prev zute de legea penal n calitate de autori, instigatori sau complici. Art. 23. - Participants are those persons who share the perpetration of an action provided by the criminal law, as authors, instigators or accomplice. ART. 24 Autorul Autor este persoana care s vr e te n mod nemijlocit fapta prev zut de legea penal . Art. 24. - The author is the person who directly perpetrate the action provided by the criminal law.

ART. 25 Instigatorul Instigator este persoana care, cu inten ie, determin pe o alt persoan s s vr easc o fapt prev zut de legea penal . Art. 25. - The instigator is the person who deliberately determines another person to commit an action provided by the criminal law.

ART. 26 Complicele Complice este persoana care, cu inten ie, nlesne te sau ajut n orice mod la s vr irea unei fapte prev zute de legea penal . Este de asemenea complice persoana care promite, nainte sau n timpul s vr irii faptei, c va t inui bunurile provenite din aceasta sau c va favoriza pe f ptuitor, chiar dac dup s vr irea faptei promisiunea nu este ndeplinit . Art. 26. - An accomplice is the person who deliberately facilitates or assists in any way in the perpetration of the action provided by the criminal law. Also, an accomplice is the person who promises, before or during the perpetration of the action, not to reveal the assets resulted from the crime or that this person will favor the criminal, even if after perpetration of the crime the promise is not fulfilled.

ART. 37 Recidiva Recidiv exist n urm toarele cazuri: a) cnd dup r mnerea definitiv a unei hot rri de condamnare la pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de 6 luni, cel condamnat s vr e te din nou o infrac iune cu inten ie, nainte de nceperea execut rii pedepsei, n timpul execut rii acesteia sau n stare de evadare, iar pedeapsa prev zut de lege pentru a doua infrac iune este nchisoarea mai mare de un an; b) cnd dup executarea unei pedepse cu nchisoare mai mare de 6 luni, dup gra ierea total sau a restului de pedeaps , ori dup mplinirea termenului de prescrip ie a execut rii unei asemenea pedepse, cel condamnat s vr e te din nou o infrac iune cu inten ie pentru care legea prevede pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de un an; c) cnd dup condamnarea la cel pu in trei pedepse cu nchisoare pn la 6 luni sau dup executare, dup gra ierea total sau a restului de pedeaps , ori dup prescrierea execut rii a cel pu in trei asemenea pedepse, cel condamnat s vr e te din nou o infrac iune cu inten ie pentru care legea prevede pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de un an. Exist recidiv pe via . i n cazurile n care una dintre pedepsele prev zute n alin. 1 este deten iunea

Pentru stabilirea st rii de recidiv n cazurile prev zute n alin. 1 lit. a) i b) i alin. 2, se poate ine seama i de hot rrea de condamnare pronun at n str in tate, pentru o fapt prev zut i de legea romn , dac hot rrea de condamnare a fost recunoscut potrivit dispozi iilor legii. 37. Relapse into crime occurs in the following situations: a) when after a final decision of imprisonment longer than 6 months, the convicted deliberately commits another crime, before starting to execute the penalty, during its execution or in case of escape, and the penalty provided by the law for the second crime consists in imprisonment longer than one year; b) when after the execution of an imprisonment penalty longer than 6 months, after total pardon or pardon of the rest of the penalty, or after fulfillment of the prescription term on the execution of this penalty, the convicted person deliberately commits another crime for which the law provides imprisonment penalty longer one year; c) when after conviction to at least three imprisonment penalties up to 6 months or after execution, after total or partial pardon, or after the prescription of execution of at least three such penalties, the convicted person deliberately commits another crime for which the law provides imprisonment penalty longer than one year. Relapse into crime exists also if one of the penalties mentioned in paragraph 1 is life sentence. In order to establish the state of relapse into crime as provided in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and paragraph 2, the decision for imprisonment made abroad regarding an action provided also

by the Romanian law will be considered, if the imprisonment decision was adopted in accordance with the provisions of the law. ART. 54 Regimul deten iunii pe via Deten iunea pe via se execut n penitenciare anume destinate pentru aceasta sau n sec ii speciale ale celorlalte penitenciare. Regimul execut rii pedepsei deten iunii pe via este reglementat n legea privind executarea pedepselor. Art. 54. - Life sentence is executed within prisons specifically desigend for this purpose or within special sections of other prisons. The regime of life sentence execution is regulated in the law regarding penalties' execution. ART. 55 (1) Liberarea condi ionat Cel condamnat la pedeapsa deten iunii pe via poate fi liberat condi ionat dup executarea efectiv a 20 de ani de deten iune, dac este st ruitor n munc , disciplinat i d dovezi temeinice de ndreptare, inndu-se seama i de antecedentele sale penale. Condamnatul trecut de vrsta de 60 de ani pentru b rba i i de 55 de ani pentru femei poate fi liberat condi ionat dup executarea efectiv a 15 ani de deten iune, dac sunt ndeplinite i celelalte condi ii prev zute n alin. 1. Pedeapsa se consider executat , dac n termen de 10 ani de la liberare cel condamnat nu a s vr it din nou o infrac iune. Dac n acest interval de timp cel liberat a comis din nou o infrac iune, se aplic , n mod corespunz tor, dispozi iile art. 61. Art. 55.(1) - The convict to life sentence can be conditionally released after the effective execution of 20 years of confinement if the convicted is a disciplined hard-worker who proves clear evidence of improvement, considering also his criminal antecedents. The convicted over 60 years old for men and over 55 years old for women can be conditionally released after15 effective execution of confinement, if the other requirements provided in paragraph 1 are fulfilled. The penalty is considered executed if in term of 10 years since release, the convict did not commit another crime. If during this period the released person committed a new crime, the provisions in article 61 will be accordingly applied. ART. 56 - Regimul general al execut rii pedepsei Regimul execut rii pedepsei nchisorii se ntemeiaz pe obliga ia condamna ilor de a presta o munc util , dac sunt ap i pentru aceasta, pe ac iunea educativ ce trebuie desf urat fa de

condamna i, pe respectarea de c tre ace tia a disciplinei muncii i a ordinii interioare a locurilor de de inere, precum i pe stimularea i recompensarea celor st ruitori n munc , disciplina i i care dau dovezi temeinice de ndreptare. Toate aceste mijloace trebuie folosite n a a fel nct s conduc la reeducarea celor condamna i. Dup mplinirea vrstei de 60 de ani pentru b rba i i de 55 de ani pentru femei, condamna ii nu au obliga ia de a munci n timpul execut rii pedepsei; ei pot fi admi i la munc dac cer aceasta. Art. 56. - Imprisonment The regime of the imprisonment penalty execution is based on the requirement the convicts shall perform useful work, if they are able to do that, on the educational activity to be organized for the convicts, on the convicts' compliance with the rule of work and internal law within the space of confinement, as well as on the stimulation and rewarding of the diligent, disciplined convicts who prove clear evidence of self-improvement. All these means should result in the reeducation of the convicts. After 60 years for men and 55 years for women, the convicts do not have the obligation to work during the penalty's execution period; they are allowed to work if they demand that. ART. 73 Circumstan e atenuante Urm toarele mprejur ri constituie circumstan e atenuante: a) dep irea limitelor legitimei ap r ri sau ale st rii de necesitate; b) s vr irea infrac iunii sub st pnirea unei puternice tulbur ri sau emo ii, determinat de o provocare din partea persoanei v t mate, produs prin violen , printr-o atingere grav a demnit ii persoanei sau prin alt ac iune ilicit grav . Art. 73. - The following situations constitute extenuating circumstances: a) exceed of self defense or the limits of other states of necessity; b) perpetration of the crime under a strong emotion or anxiety determined by a threat of the injured person and produced by violence, damage of the persons dignity or by other serious illicit action. ART. 75 Circumstan e agravante

Urm toarele mprejur ri constituie circumstan e agravante: a) s vr irea faptei de trei sau de mai multe persoane mpreun ; b) s vr irea infrac iunii prin acte de cruzime, prin violen e asupra membrilor familiei ori prin metode sau mijloace care prezint pericol public;

c) s vr irea infrac iunii de c tre un infractor major, dac aceasta a fost comis mpreun cu un minor; d) s vr irea infrac iunii din motive josnice; e) s vr irea infrac iunii n stare de be ie anume provocat n vederea comiterii faptei; f) s vr irea infrac iunii de c tre o persoan care a profitat de situa ia prilejuit de o calamitate. Instan a poate re ine ca circumstan e agravante i alte mprejur ri care imprim faptei un caracter grav. Art. 75. - The following situations constitute aggravating circumstances: a) perpetration of the crime by three or more persons together; b) perpetration of the crime through cruel actions or through means and methods which present public threat; c) perpetration of the crime by an adult, if this crime was committed together with a juvenile; d) perpetration of the crime with mean purpose; e) perpetration of the crime under deliberate state of drunkenness in order to commit the crime; f) perpetration of the crime by a person who took advantage by the situation resulted after a calamity. The court can retain as aggravating circumstances other situations, too, which give the action a serious character.