GIMNASTICA AEROBIC N LECIA DE EDUCAIE FIZIC LA ELEVELE DE LICEU - ASPECTE METODICE Veronica BALTEANU1 1 Facultatea de Educaie fizic i Sport,

Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iai, Romnia balteanu@uaic.ro

AEROBIC GYMNASTICS WITHIN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS FOR HIGHSCHOOL FEMALE STUDENTS ASPECTS REGARDING THE METHOD Veronica BALTEANU1 1 Faculty of Physical Educaltion and Sport, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania balteanu@uaic.ro

Cuvinte cheie Keywords aerobic gymnastics, physical education class, gimnastica aerobic, lecia de educaie syllabus, methods fizic, program, metodic. Rezumat Educaia fizic n coal a nregistrat n ultimii ani o reducere a numrului de ore din planul de nvmnt, cu toate avertizrile specialitilor asupra consecinelor negative pe care aceast situaie o implic. Sedentarismul, alimentaia necorespunztoare, stresul cotidian se resfrng asupra strii de sntate a tinerilor n prezent, dar i pe termen lung. Pentru a preveni degradarea i mai accentuat a acestui fenomen profesorii de educaie fizic ncearc pe ct este posibil s atrag elevii la activiti fizice ct mai plcute, n acelai timp benefice organismului, pentru o stare de sntate bun, n favoarea armoniei fizice, particulariznd opiunile acestora. Prezentul studiu urmrete s aduc o contribuie n favoarea extinderii practicrii gimnasticii aerobice n lecia de educaie fizic n special la elevii de liceu. Lucrarea a pornit de la urmtoarea ipotez: prin utilizarea unor mijloace i structuri specifice gimnasticii aerobice, preferate de elevele de liceu, putem contribui la realizarea obiectivelor educaiei fizice i mbuntirea metodologiei de lucru. Rezultatele obinute la finalul studiului relev faptul c programarea activitii de instruire n gimnastica aerobic, prin abordarea tiinific a coninutului i a desfurrii acesteia, conduce la rezultate optime. De asemenea, este necesar o program adecvat nivelului de pregtire teoretic i practic a elevelor pentru practicarea gimnasticii aerobice n lecia de educaie fizic ct i n timpul liber. Introducere Pornind de la avantajele practicrii gimnasticii aerobice [4,5,6,8]: reducerea sau meninerea greutii corporale, fortificarea aparatului cardiovascular i respirator, scderea ratei colesterolului n snge, armonizarea formelor corpului, creterea capacitii de micare a organismului, mbuntirea calitilor motrice, starea general de bine, fizic i psihic, includerea acesteia n lecia de educaie fizic este mai mult dect necesar. Abstract Physical education in school has included, in the past few years, a decrease in the number of classes, even though specialists have warned regarding its negative consequences. The sedentariness, improper diet, and daily stress negatively influence young people in the present and in a long-term. In order to prevent the further progress of this phenomenon, physical education teachers do their best to make physical activities as pleasant as possible, while keeping their benefits for the body, for a good health state, favouring physical harmony by particularising their options. The study aims at contributing in the favour of extending aerobic gymnastics within the physical education class, especially for highschool students. Using means and structures specific to aerobic gymnastics, preferred by highschool female students, contributes at reaching the objectives of physical education and at improving the work methodology. The results of the study reveal that making a schedule for the instruction in aerobic gymnastics, through a scientific approach of its contents and course, leads to optimal results (increased values for the parameters evaluated). Also, we see the need of a special syllabus, taking into account students theoretical and practical capabilities for aerobic gymnastics both during the physical education class and in their free time.

Introduction Starting from the advantages of practising aerobic gymnastics [4,5,6,8], such as reducing or maintaining the body weight, strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory system, reducing the cholesterol rate in the blood, harmonizing the body parts, augmenting the movement capacity of the body, improving the motor qualities, a good physical and psychic state, we believe that it is more than necessary to include aerobic gymnastics in the physical education class.

Prin practicarea sistematic a elementelor specifice gimnasticii aerobice, obiectivele educaiei fizice pot fi realizate. Locul gimnasticii aerobice n programa de educaie fizic se regsete alturi de celelalte forme de practicare a exerciiului fizic, atletism, jocuri sportive, gimnastic [1,2,3,7]. Din gama larg de coninuturi, profesorul de educaie fizic poate alege pe acelea care corespund condiiilor de mediu, de stare material, opiunilor exprimate de elevi n aa fel nct s asigure acestora, cele mai bune rezultate. Scopul lucrrii Prezentul studiu urmrete s aduc o contribuie n favoarea extinderii practicrii gimnasticii aerobice n lecia de educaie fizic n special la elevii de liceu. Ipoteza Lucrarea a pornit de la urmtoarea ipotez: prin utilizarea unor mijloace i structuri specifice gimnasticii aerobice, preferate de elevele de liceu, putem contribui la realizarea obiectivelor educaiei fizice i mbuntirea metodologiei de lucru. Material i metod

Through the systematic practice of elements specific to aerobic gymnastics, we can accomplish the tasks of physical education. The place of aerobic gymnastics within the physical education syllabus is with the other forms of physical exercise, such as athletics, sports games, and gymnastics [1,2,3,7]. From its various contents, the physical education teacher may choose those which fit the environment, material state, and students options, thus ensuring the best results. Purpose of the paper The study aims at contributing in the favour of extending aerobic gymnastics within the physical education class, especially for highschool students. Hypothesis Using means and structures specific to aerobic gymnastics, preferred by highschool female students, contributes at reaching the objectives of physical education and at improving the work methodology. Material and method

The study started from a group of 40 female students in the 10th form (15-16 years old) Studiul a fost realizat pe un grup de 40 de during the school year 2009-2010, 20 students eleve de clasa a X-a (15-16 ani) pe parcursul anului for the two groups: study and witness.
colar 2009-2010, cte 20 de eleve n grupa de studiu i grupa martor. Grupa de studiu a beneficiat de o program special elaborat n acest scop, n care s-au inclus exerciii din HIGH, LOW IMPACT AEROBIC pentru dezvoltarea forei membrelor, trunchiului, dezvoltarea mobilitii i supleei n lecia de gimnastic aerobic. Grupa martor a participat la leciile de educaie fizic, dup programa obinuit. The study group benefited from a special syllabus elaborated in this purpose, with exercises from HIGH, LOW IMPACT AEROBIC in order to increase the muscle force, the torso, to develop the mobility and versatility during the aerobic gymnastics class. The witness group participated at the physical education classes according to the usual syllabus. The syllabus elaborated for a thorough application

Programa elaborat n vederea aplicrii of aerobic gymnastics within the physical metodice a gimnasticii aerobice n lecia de education class educaie fizic. For the 10th form the specific components are the
Pentru clasele a X-a componentele specifice ale programei sunt: nsuirea termenilor specifici gimnasticii aerobice; nsuirea principalelor elemente din gimnastica aerobic; cunoaterea elementelor din gimnastica aerobic, necesare participrii la concursurile colare; formarea unor priceperi i obinuine de alctuire a unui structuri de gimnastic aerobic pentru a putea fi practicate i n timpul liber; nsuirea unor cunotine privind arbitrajul n probele de concurs colar. Coninutul leciilor, n succesiune metodic au avut following: Acquiring the terms specific to aerobic gymnastics; Acquiring the main elements within aerobic gymnastics; Getting to know the elements within aerobic gymnastics, necessary to participate at school competitions; Forming skills and habits in order to build an aerobic gymnastics structure so that it may be practised in the free time, too; Acquiring knowledge regarding the arbitration during school contests. The class contents, according to the method, had in

n vedere urmtoarele: - Pai de baz i de legtur; - Folosirea muzicii i coregrafiei; - Reguli de compoziie; - Stretching. Parametrii urmrii n testarea iniial i cea final au fost: - Talia (T - n cm.), Greutatea (G. - n kg.), elasticitatea toracic (E.t.- n cm.), tonicitatea abdominal (T. a. - n cm.); - Mobilitatea coxofemural (flexia maxim a trunchiului, n cm. +,-); - Fora musculaturii abdominale (din culcat dorsal, genunchii n flexie la 90 de grade, picioarele fixate la scara fix, minile la ceaf se execut ridicarea trunchiului n aezat i revenire nr. de repetri n 30 sec.); - Fora musculaturii braelor (flotri- nr. repetri n 30 sec.) din sprijin nainte, palmele pe sol i genunchii pe mijlocul bncii de gimnastic aezat transversal se execut ndoirea braelor i revenire; - Test de echilibru (flamingo) Stnd pe piciorul drept cu braul drept sus, piciorul stng ndoit napoi, apucat de vrf cu mna dreapt; - Test tehnic executarea unei structuri de exerciiu cu elemente de gimnastic aerobic, nvate n perioada desfurrii studiului. Testul tehnic a fost notat cu note de la 1-10. Nota final include i aprecierea frecvenei, disciplinei i progresul individual.

view the following: Basic and connecting steps; Using music and choreography; Composition rules; Stretching. The parameters analysed in the initial and final testing were as follows: Height (T in cm.), Weight (G. in kg.), thoracic elasticity (t.e.- in cm.), abdominal tonicity (a.t. in cm.); Coxofemoral mobility (maximal torso flexion, in cm. +,-); The t force of abdominal muscles (lying on the back, the knees bent at 90 degrees, the legs on a fixed ladder, arms on the backhead, lifting the torso on the breech and returning to the initial position repetitions in 30 sec.); The force of arm muscles (push-ups repetitions in 30 sec) leaning forward, palms on the ground and knees in the middle of the transversally fixed gymnastic bench, bending the arms and coming back to the initial position; Balance test (flamingo) standing on the right foot, the right arm upwards, the left leg bent towards the back, holding it with the right hand; Technical test executing an exercise structure of aerobic gymnastics elements, learnt throughout the study. The technical test was evaluated from 1-10. The final grade also includes an assessment of individual attendance, discipline and progress.

Rezultatele studiului n urma aplicrii studiului, rezultatele Results of the study obinute la cele dou testri, iniial i final, sunt After applying the study, the results for the initial urmtoarele: and final test are the following: Tabel cu valori obinute la msurtorile antropometrice GRUPA DE STUDIU Elasticitatea Tonicitatea Talia Greutatea Nume toracic - Et abdominala -Ta Nr. (cm) (kg) Prenum (cm) (cm) crt. e T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A.M. A.V. B.I. B.A. C.E. C.G. D.I. E.I. H.A. 1,60 1,68 1,75 1,70 1,63 1,57 1,71 1,64 1,54 1,61 1,68 1,75 1,71 1,64 1,57 1,71 1,65 1,56 48 52 55 50 49 46 56 52 60 48 50 55 51 48 48 56 53 58 4 5 5,5 6 4 4,5 4 3 4 4,5 5 6 6 4,5 5 5 4,5 4,5 2 1,5 3 3 2 2 1,5 2 2,5 1 1 2 2 1 1,5 0,5 1,5 2

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

H.C. L.F. M.A. M.R. P.A. P.D. P.M. P.P. P.R. T.I. T.G.

1,57 1,60 1,70 1,71 1,68 1,63 1,67 1,58 1,63 1,57 1,59

1,57 1,61 1,72 1,72 1,68 1,64 1,68 1,59 1,65 1,57 1,59

57 52 65 61 54 46 51 48 55 50 49

57 52 65 60 54 45 51 49 55 51 49

4,5 6,5 5,5 5 4,5 4 5 3,5 5 4 3,5

5 6,5 6 5,5 5 5 6 4,5 6 4,5 4

2 3 2,5 2 3 2,5 2 3 1,5 2 3

2 2 2 1,5 2 2 1 2 1,5 2 2

Tabel cu valori obinute la msurtorile antropometrice - GRUPA MARTOR Nr. crt . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Nume Prenume T1 A.A. A.M. A.M. A.V. B.A. B.R. G.I. G.P. I.M. L.C. N.C. O.G. R.A. R.C. S.A. S.C. T.G. T.O. V.C. V.V. 1,57 1,63 1,59 1,73 1,68 1,74 1,54 1,79 1,68 1,59 1,53 1,72 1,70 1,67 1,69 1,57 1,62 1,65 1,68 1,70 Talia (cm) T2 1,57 1,64 1,60 1,73 1,68 1,75 1,54 1,79 1,68 1,59 1,53 1,72 1,70 1,67 1,69 1,58 1,63 1,65 1,69 1,70 Greutatea (kg) T1 44 57 49 64 62 70 44 71 62 47 47 60 57 55 57 52 50 50 56 55 T2 47 58 50 68 62 70 45 72 63 49 47 61 57 55 58 53 50 51 57 56 Elasticitatea toracic - Et (cm) T1 T2 4 3,5 4,5 4,5 4 5 4 5,5 6 5,5 6 3,5 4 6,5 4 4 3 4 4 3,5 4,5 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 5 4,5 5,5 6 6 6 4 4 7 4 4,5 4 5 4,5 4,5 Tonicitatea abdominala -Ta (cm) T1 2,5 2 2,5 2 2,5 2 3 3 2,5 2 1,5 3 2,5 2 3 2,5 2 2 2,5 2 T2 2 2 2,5 2,5 1,5 2,5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 1,5 2,5 2 2 2 2 2

Table of values for anthropometric measurements STUDY GROUP Thoracic No. Height Weight First and elasticity Te crt. (cm) (kg) last name (cm) T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2
1. 2. 3. 4. A.M. A.V. B.I. B.A. 1.60 1.68 1.75 1.70 1.61 1.68 1.75 1.71 48 52 55 50 48 50 55 51 4 5 5.5 6 4.5 5 6 6

Abdominal tonicity -At (cm) T1

2 1.5 3 3

T2
1 1 2 2

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

C.E. C.G. D.I. E.I. H.A. H.C. L.F. M.A. M.R. P.A. P.D. P.M. P.P. P.R. T.I. T.G.

1.63 1.57 1.71 1.64 1.54 1.57 1.60 1.70 1.71 1.68 1.63 1.67 1.58 1.63 1.57 1.59

1.64 1.57 1.71 1.65 1.56 1.57 1.61 1.72 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.68 1.59 1.65 1.57 1.59

49 46 56 52 60 57 52 65 61 54 46 51 48 55 50 49

48 48 56 53 58 57 52 65 60 54 45 51 49 55 51 49

4 4.5 4 3 4 4.5 6.5 5.5 5 4.5 4 5 3.5 5 4 3.5

4.5 5 5 4.5 4.5 5 6.5 6 5.5 5 5 6 4.5 6 4.5 4

2 2 1.5 2 2.5 2 3 2.5 2 3 2.5 2 3 1.5 2 3

1 1.5 0.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 1 2 1.5 2 2

Table of values for anthropometric measurements WITNESS GROUP

No. crt. First and last name A.A. A.M. A.M. A.V. B.A. B.R. G.I. G.P. I.M. L.C. N.C. O.G. R.A. R.C. S.A. S.C. T.G. T.O. V.C. V.V. Height (cm) T1 1.57 1.63 1.59 1.73 1.68 1.74 1.54 1.79 1.68 1.59 1.53 1.72 1.70 1.67 1.69 1.57 1.62 1.65 1.68 1.70 T2 1.57 1.64 1.60 1.73 1.68 1.75 1.54 1.79 1.68 1.59 1.53 1.72 1.70 1.67 1.69 1.58 1.63 1.65 1.69 1.70 T1 44 57 49 64 62 70 44 71 62 47 47 60 57 55 57 52 50 50 56 55 Weight (kg) T2 47 58 50 68 62 70 45 72 63 49 47 61 57 55 58 53 50 51 57 56 T1 4 3.5 4.5 4.5 4 5 4 5.5 6 5.5 6 3.5 4 6.5 4 4 3 4 4 3.5 Thoracic elasticity Te (cm) T2 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 4 4 7 4 4.5 4 5 4.5 4.5 T1 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 3 3 2.5 2 1.5 3 2.5 2 3 2.5 2 2 2.5 2 Abdominal tonicity -At (cm) T2 2 2 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 1.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Reprezentarea grafic a valorilor individuale obinute la cele dou testri la testul de mobilitate la articulaia coxofemural Grupa de studiu Grupa martor
25 20 15

15 10 5

10
TI

0 -5 1 -10 -15 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

TI TF

5 0 1 -5 -10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

TF

Fig.nr. 1

Fig.nr. 2

Reprezentarea grafic a valorilor individuale obinute la cele dou testri la testul de for a musculaturii abdominale Grupa de studiu Grupa martor
30 25 20
TI

30 25 20 15 10 5
TF

TI TF

15 10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Fig. nr. 3

Fig. nr. 4

Reprezentarea grafic a valorilor individuale obinute la cele dou testri la testul de fora musculaturii braelor Grupa de studiu Grupa martor
25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 20 15

TI TF

TI TF

10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Fig. nr. 5

Fig. nr.6

Reprezentarea grafic a valorilor individuale obinute la cele dou testri la testul de echilibru Grupa de studiu Grupa martor
300 250 200
TI

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 TI TF

150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

TF

20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Fig. nr. 7

Fig. nr. 8

Reprezentarea grafic a valorilor individuale obinute la cele dou testri la testul tehnic Grupa de studiu Grupa martor
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 1415 16 17 1819 20

10 8 6
TI TF

TI TF

4 2 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Fig. nr. 9

Fig. nr. 10

Graphic representation of the individual values for the two tests regarding the coxofemoral mobility test Study group Witness group
25 20 15 10 5 0 1 -5 -10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

15 10 5
TI TF

0 -5 1 -10 -15 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

TI TF

Fig. no. 1

Fig. no. 2

Graphic representation of the individual values for the two tests regarding the test of the force of abdominal muscles Study group Witness group
30 25 20 TI 15 10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 TF

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TI TF

Fig. no. 3

Fig, nr. 4

Graphic representation of the individual values for the two tests regarding the test of the force of arm muscles Study group Witness group
25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

TI TF

TI TF

Fig. no. 5

Fig. no. 6

Graphic representation of the individual values for the two tests regarding the balance test Study group Witness group
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

160 140 120 100

TI TF

80 60 40 20 0

TI TF

Fig. no. 7

Fig. no. 8

Graphic representation of the individual values for the two tests regarding the technical test Study group Witness group
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 TI TF

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 TI TF

Fig. no. 9 Concluzii Rezultatele obinute la finalul studiului relev urmtoarele concluzii: Programarea activitii de instruire n gimnastica aerobic, prin abordarea tiinific a coninutului i a desfurrii acesteia conduce la rezultate optime (valori crescute la parametrii evaluai). Interesul elevelor pentru disciplina educie fizic a crescut datorit atractivitii i a rezultatelor obinute n urma practicrii gimnasticii aerobice. Aprecierea rezultatelor studiului indic faptul c este necesar o program adecvat nivelului de pregtire teoretic i practic a elevelor pentru practicarea gimnasticii aerobice n lecia de educaie fizic ct i n timpul liber.

Fig. no. 10 Conclusions The results of the study led us to the following conclusions: Making a schedule for the instruction in aerobic gymnastics, through a scientific approach of its contents and course, leads to optimal results (increased values for the parameters evaluated). Female students were more interested in the physical education class because of the attractiveness and the results of aerobic gymnastics. After evaluating the results of the study, we see the need of a special syllabus, taking into account students theoretical and practical capabilities for aerobic gymnastics both during the physical education class and in their free time.

Bibliografie / References 1. Crstea, Gh., Programarea i planificarea n educaia fizic i sportiv, Editura Universal, Bucureti, 1993. 2. Epuran, M., - Metodologia cercetrii tiinifice n activitile corporale, Editura Fundaiei Romnia de Mine, Bucureti, 1995. 3. Fiedler, P.Metodica educaiei fizice i sportive, Editura Universitatea Al. I. Cuza Iai, 1996 4. Ferrario, B., Aparaschivei, M., Gimnastica aerobic pe nelesul tuturor, Ed.Semne, 2004. 5. Luca, A., Fitness i aerobica, Editura Fundaiei Altius Academia, Iai, 2001. 6. Macovei, S., Vian, A., Gimnastica aerobic de ntreinere, Federaia Romn Sportul Pentru Toi, Bucureti, 2003. 7. Stoienescu, G., Gimnastica aerobic (de ntreinere) i sportul aerobic, Institutul de Studii i Proiectri Energetice, Bucureti, 2000.

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