Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Diana Deleanu
Alergiile – în viziune literară
1921
Kern a recunoscut legatura dintre praf si astm si
rinita
Exista dovezi puternice ca “aceasta mica
creatura” produce astm si rinita
ACARIENII
clasa ARACHNIDA
Nu au ochi,
Nu musca
Lungime: 0.4 mm si
latime 0.25–0.32 mm .
Acarienii
Iubesc:
• Caldura
• Umiditatea
• Scuame de piele umana
• Covoarele
• Tapiteriile moi
• Draperiile
Exemple
Acarieni Gindaci
• Beneficii:
– Cele mai eficiente medicamente anti-inflamatorii (rinita,
astm, dermatite).
– Nu au efect imediat (necesita citeva ore).
• Beclometazona (Becotide)
• Fluticazona (Flixotide)
• Budesonide (Pulmicort)
• Mometazona (Asmanex)
• Ciclosonide (Alvesco)
• Combinatii: Fluticazona + Salmeterol (Seretide)
Budesonide + Formoterol (Symbicort)
Blocanti ai calcineurinei
• Terapii topice, imunosupresive
• Dermatita atopica
• A doua linie terapeutica
• Efect preventiv: previn eritem la utilizare proactiva
(de doua ori/sapt in zonele de risc)
• Tacrolimus (FK506) (Protopic) – copii > 2 ani
• Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981) (Elidel) – copii > 2 ani
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
1. Pimecrolimus cream 1%
(≥ 2 yr) (Elidel)
– mild to moderate AD.
Diana Deleanu
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Iuliu
Hatieganu, Clinica Medicala 3
Cluj-Napoca
DEFINITIE
• Imunoterapia cu alergen este administrarea
gradata, crescatoare de cantitati de vacin cu
alergen, la un subiect alergic, cu atingerea
dozei ce este eficienta in ameliorarea
simptomelor asociate expunerii la alergenul
cauzator al sensibilizarii.
Therapy of allergic reactions
Inhalt
Alergenii
• Veninul de insecte (hymenoptere)
• Polenuri (iarba, mesteacan, buruieni)
• Praf de casa
• Animale (pisica, ciine etc)
• Mucegaiuri
• Alimente
Alergeni cu valoare dovedita in studii
controlate dublu orb
Polenuri
Pisica
Praful de casa
Putine date
(incurajatoare) pentru
câine si mucegaiuri
Administration subcutanata a ITS
ITS Ne-Injectabila sau Locala - 1
Diana Deleanu
UMF Iuliu Hatieganu
IRGH-Alergologie
1. Existenta unui mecanism
mediat IgE
• Demonstrat – Anamnestic (expunere –
simptome)
• Demonstrat – prezenta IgE specifice
◊ Testare cutanata
◊ Dozarea IgE specifice
◊ Teste de provocare
Bolile alergice
• Rinita
• Conjunctivita
• Astmul cu rinita
• Astmul alergic
• Alergiile la veninuri de insecte
• Alergiile alimentare (Imunoterapia
orala cu aliment)
• Dermatita atopica ?
IMUNOTERAPIA IN RINITA
Severa
Moderata Rinita &
Usoara Rinita & Conj
Rinita & Conj
Conj
Farmacoterapie
IMUNOTERAPIE SPECIFICA
Comparison of Various Approaches
to the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Sneezing Discharge Itch Congestion Side effects
Antihistamines
traditional (A) +++ +++ +++ + +++
Nonsedating
(NSA) +++ ++ +++ + – to +
Azelastine +++ ++ +++ + – to +
Decongestants – + – +++ ++
NSA +
decongestants +++ +++ +++ +++ ++
Leukotriene antag.* + to ++ + to ++ + to ++ ++ – to +
Cromolyn ++ + + + –
Nasal CCS (NCS) +++ +++ +++ +++ +
NSA + NCS ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +
Immunotherapy +++ +++ +++ +++ + to ++
* = Presumed; no data on individual symptoms Nayak AS, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.
2002;88:592-600. ++++ = Strongly positive effect; + = Minimal effect
Eficacitatea SLIT in rinita alergica
la copii de 4 - 18 ani
Meta-analysis a RCT
Penagos M., Compalati E., Tarantini F.,Baena Cagnani R.,
Huerta Lopez J., Passalacqua G.,
& Canonica G.W.
Effect Size
Effect Size
SCIT SLIT
8
Pufuri – media/zi
6 SIT
Control
4
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
• Complianta scazuta.
• Astm Sever, sau necontrolat de farmacoterapie
(FEV1< 70%).
• Copii sub 5 ani (subcutanata) si 3 ani (sublinguala)
(relative )contraindication).
Efectul de durata si
profilactic al ITS
L. B. Bacharier, A. Boner, et al (16)…, The European Pediatric Asthma Group
Review article Allergy 2008: 63: 5–34
Poate preveni sensibilizarea la alti alergeni, Des Roches A, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol
1997;99:450–453.
35 SLIT +
drugs
60
No More SLIT
pts
25 only
drugs
0 5 ANI 10
Long-Lasting Efficacy of SLIT: Children with Asthma
DiRienzo et al Clin.Exp.Allergy. 2003
0.001 No asthma
0.001
n Asthma
40 NS 0.001 0.001
4
30
2 1 1
20 31 32
31
24
23 24
10
17
4 3
SLIT CTRL SLIT CTRL SLIT CTRL
BASELINE END SLIT 10 YEARS
Imunoterapia Specifica previne aparitia
astm la copiii cu rinita alergica
(studiul PAT)
No asthma
%
60 Asthma
205 copii cu rinita
40
32 varsta: 6-14 ani
Alergie polen iaarba si
19 mesteacan
3 ani ITS
SIT CONTROL
Moller C et al, JACI 2002
Efecte secundare ale ITS
Siguranta
• Siguranta ITS; un studiu
prospectiv
• 2.989 patients
• Perioada 7 luni
• Reactii Sistemice 25/2898
(0,8%)
• Niciun deces
Grad II 23 33 36
Grad III 5 0 1
Grad IV 1 0 0
Dose Escalation
1 peanut = 300 mg
Imunoterapie Epicutanata
• Sistem patch pentru aplicarea alimentului
TNF
• Anticorpii anti TNF:
- infliximab= RemicadeR;
- adalimumab=HumiraR;
- certolizumab =CimziaR;
- golimumab=SimponiR
• Proteina de fuziune antireceptor TNF:
- etarnecept = EnbrelR)
Mepolizumab and exacerbations
of refractory eosinophilic asthma
Study Design
9
97
100
85
8
31% vs 16% had no EX
79 7
80
No. of subjects
69
6
58 Mepolizumab
60 5
47
5557
49
4
40 34 44
40 3
25 36
33
27 2
20 14
21
4 1
13
3 7
0 0
Start of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
treatment
Month No. of exacerbations
60 60
50 50
Sputum Eosinophils
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
2 2
0 0
V1 V4 W/Ex V12 V1 V4 W/Ex V12
Mepolizumab Placebo
•Anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab)
Reduce
The release
B lymphocyte of mediators
Inflammation:
eosinophil and
-switch Mediators lymphocyte
Anti-IgE Plasmocyte
MoAb
Allergens
Release Allergy Symptoms
of IgE
Reduce
Binds to free high
IgE, reduce affinity
IgE for binding receptors
on mast cells Reduce exacerbation
And
symptoms
Mast cells
Basophil
Barnes PJ. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2000;123:196-204.
Profilaxia bolillor alergice
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2008, 122 (5), 984-991.
UK vs. Israel
1.85% (73/3943) Adjusted 0.17% (8/4657)
Primary school children RR= 9.8 P < .001 Primary school children
(CI 3.1-30.5)
9 months of age 10% 9 months of age 69%
P < .001
Pregnancy Pregnancy
P=.06
Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy
Concluzii
N Engl J Med
Volume 372(9):803-813
February 26, 2015
LEAP study
Enrollment and Randomization.
• Introducerea precoce a
arahidelor a scazut semnificativ
frecventa dezvoltarii alergiei la
arahide la copiii cu risc crescut
de alergie si moduleaza
raspunsul imun la arahide.
Rezumat
• Evitarea alergenului
• Farmacoterapia (AH1, cromone, modificatori
de leucotriene, corticoterapie)
• Inducerea tolerantei (imunoterapie specifica
cu alergen: sc, SLIT, orala)
• Terapii biologice
• Profilaxie