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= grup de boli caracterizate prin bule i eroziuni pe tegumente i mucoase, ca rezultat al pierderii adeziunii n epiderm sau ntre epiderm i derm
Genetice - epidermolize buloase congenitale Boli buloase autoimune Alte cauze porfirii, reacii postmedicamentoase, infecii,
Grupul pemfigus Grupul pemfigoid Dermatita herpetiform EB dobndit Dermatoze IgA LES bulos
IFID
Imunoblot, ELISA (multe Ag int sunt disponibile ca proteine recombinante)
PEMFIGUS VULGAR
pemphix (gr) = bul Cea mai frecvent form de pemfigus n Europa i America de Nord 1-5/1 milion/an Femei = brbai Vrf de debut decadele 4-6 Apare rar la copii, poate afecta vrstnicii
Ag majore = desmogleina 1 ( exprimat n straturile superficiale ale epidermului i mucoaselor) i 3 (exprimat n straturile bazale epidermice i n toat grosimea mucoasei) rar exist autoanticorpi mpotriva desmocolinelor 1, 2 sau 3 Predispoziie genetic HLA-DRB1* 0402, HLA-DQB1* 0503
Rar este afectat iniial tegumentul, dar invariabil apare i afectarea mucoasei bucale
Bule flasce pe tegument neinflamator Eroziuni dureroase, pot fi acoperite de cruste
Semn Nikolsky
Direct- presiunea aplicat pe dosul minii sau umr determin detaarea epidermului superficial de straturile mai profunde (se ntlnete i n SSSS, TEN, arsuri)
Histopatologie
Bul acantolitic Celule acantolitice n lichidul de bul Aspect de pietre de mormnt Leziuni mai vechi- infiltrat inflamator, cheratinocite necrotice, cruste
Citodiagnostic Tzanck celule acantolitice IFD- depozite intercelulare de IgG, de obicei IgG4, C3, rar IgM, IgA; reea/dantel
IFID esofag de maimu- anticorpii se leag cu pattern intercelular titrul autoanticorpilor se coreleaz bine cu activitatea bolii, poate fi folosit pentru monitorizarea tratamentului i follow-up
Evoluie cronic, imprevizibil Azi mortalitate 5-10% (principala cauz = complicaiile pe termen lung ale tratamentului imunosupresiv)
Tratament
Corticoterapie sistemic 1-2 mg/kgc/zi prednisolon pulse-terapie dexametazona, metil-prednisolon Azatioprin Micofenolat mofetil Ciclofosfamid Methotrexat Plasmaferez Imunoadsorbie Rituximab Local corticosteroizi, sulfadiazin, dezinfectante
PEMFIGUS VEGETANT
PEMFIGUS PARANEOPLAZIC
Descris de Anhalt n 1990 Criterii minimale pt dg - stomatit eroziv progresiv , dureroas - HP acantoliz, dermatit de interfa - anticorpi antiplakine - demonstrarea unei neoplazii Ag desmogleina 3, desmogleina 1, envoplakina(210kD), periplakina (190kD), desmoplakina I (250kD), desmoplakina II (210kD), BPA I (230kD)
Ipoteze patogenice - celulele tumorale produc anticorpi ce reacioneaz cu proteine epidermice - cross reactivitate antigene tumorale- antigene epidermice - tumora produce proteine din categoria plakine care iniiaz rspunsul autoimun
PEMFIGUS FOLIACEU
50-60 ani
Mucoase puin sau deloc afectate Bule mici, superficiale, eroziuni acoperite de cruste pe baz eritematoas Uneori tegumentul pleoapelor este afectat, far modificri conjunctivale.
Histologic view shows the typical pattern of a detached stratum corneum without bullae formation. Pigmentary incontinence is prominent in the dermis, reflecting the patient's 9-year history of recurrent superficial bullae.
Formele limitate- corticosteroizi topici Cazuri cu lez extinse- cs sistemic, micofenolat mofetil, ciclofosfamid, CyA
Pf foliaceu
Overlap pemfigus foliaceu (acantoliz, depozite intercheratinocitare de Ig= Ac anti desmogleina 1)- lupus eritematos (depozite granulare Ig G, C3 la jonciunea dermo-epidermic) HLA-A10, HLA-A26, HLA-DRW6 Orice vrst, rar la copil Bule superficiale, eroziuni, cruste, zemuire, mai ales pe zone fotoexpuse (fa, torace anterosuperior, spate) Fa- lez in fluture Afectare extins- eritrodermie exfoliativ Mucoase neafectate
Tratament CS topic sistemic CS, dapsona, azatioprina Fotoprotecie
Pf eritematos
Pemphigus Erythematous typically presents as scaly red plaques that may resemble Lupus Erythematous hence the name. Occasionally, these plaques may develop bullae (blisters).
Biopsy shows upper epidermal acantholytic blistering dermatitis involving the granular and upper spinous layer. The blister contains plasma, RBCs, and few acute inflammatory cells. The epidermis at the periphery of the blister shows mild spongiosis with neutrophils. In the roof of the blister, a few elongated acantholytic cells can be seen. Underlying dermis shows superficial and mid perivascular mixed infiltrate of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Plci eritematoase, eritemato-veziculo-crustoase genital, axilar, pe piept, gt Uneori secreie urt mirositoare (suprainfecie) Afectare mucoas rar Senzaie de arsur, prurit Factori agravani cldur, friciune, suprainfecie
Acantholysis at all levels of the epidermis (hematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification X20). Dilapidated brick wall
Debut presternal, parte superioar torace posterior, parte inferioar cutie toracic
Close-up view of the abdominal area of a patient with a pruritic eruption on the trunk. Multiple, small, discrete, red-brown papules characteristic of Grover disease are present.
Acantoliz focal Diskeratoz Spongioz - simuleaz Hailey-Hailey - simuleaz b Darier - caract predom prin spongioz - simuleaz pemfigus vulgar - simuleaz pemfigus foliaceu un pattern poate predomina, toate patternurile pot fi gsite n diferite leziuni la acelai pacient necesare corelaii clinico- histopatologice 5 patternuri HP
Histopathology of Darier-type Grover disease. A focus of acantholytic dyskeratosis is present in the epidermis with slight epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, a sign of rubbing as a consequence of the pruritic nature of the disease (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification X40).
Tratament
Corticoizi topici poteni
Loiuni mentolate