Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Seminar Gestiunea Stocurilor
Seminar Gestiunea Stocurilor
2012-2013
I. Modelul analitic
Unul dintre cele mai folosite modele de dimensionare a stocului este modelul
EOQ (Economic optimal quantity lb. eng.).
Figura 1. Modelul de stocare EOQ
Date iniiale (mrimi deterministe)
Cererea anual (D)
Cost de stocare pe unitate de produs (h)
Cost de lansare pe comand de aprovizionare (A)
Formularea modelului analitic
ipoteze mrimea comenzii de aprovizionare este egal cu nivelul optim al stocului,
intervalul dintre aprovizionri succesive este egal, aprovizionarea se face de la acelai
nivel, consumul este constant i uniform pe parcursul ciclului de aprovizionare, nu se
accept rupere de stoc, costul de penalizare este zero
restricie satisfacerea cererii
funcia obiectiv minimizarea costurilor totale
Rezultate preconizate
Nivelul optim al stocului (Q*)
Costul total (K)
Numrul de comenzi pe an
Punctul/nivelul de reaprovizionare
Intervalul dintre aprovizionri succesive
Formule de calcul:
Costul total (K) depinde de variabila de decizie K=f(Q) astfel:
K= costul de lansare(C A ) + costul de stocare (C h )
Costul de lansare a comenzilor (CA)
D
CA = Nr comenzi ( )* cost de lansare pe comand (A)
Q
unde: A este costul de lansare a unei comenzi.
sursa: MODELS FOR FOUNDING DECISIONS, autor: Hncu, D., Editura ASE, Bucureti, 2004
D
Q
T
t
unde:
T perioada de stocare analizat, de obicei, un an,
t este mrimea intervalului dintre aprovizionri succesive;
D este cererea corespunztoare perioadei T,
Q mrimea comenzii de aprovizionare i n acelai timp, nivelul stocului.
Costul de stocare (Ch)
Q
Ch = stoc mediu ( )* timp* cost de stocare unitar(h).
2
Deoarece, n mod firesc, se urmrete minimizarea costurilor totale presupuse de ntreg
procesul de aprovizionare-desfacere: MIN K (Q)
D A
Q
Q
T h
2
2 D A
.
T h
este exprimat: Q*
Cu datele propuse pentru exemplificare: D=200 uf., A=50000 um., h=5 um. i T=1 an
2 200 50000
2000 u.f., respectiv,
(tabelul 1), nivelul optim al stocului este: Q *
5
costurile totale minime sunt K ( Q* )
2 D A T h , pentru costuri totale minime:
K (2000)
2 200 50000 5
Rezolvarea
WINQSB
(WinQSB
Decision
Support
Software
for
ENTRY
200
50000
5
M
M
4
Input Data
Demand per days
Order (setup) cost
Unit holding cost per days
Unit shortage cost per
days
Unit shortage cost
independent of time
Replenishment /production
rate per days
Lead time in days
Unit acquisition cost
Value
200
50000.
0
5.00
M
Value
2000
2000
Maximum backorder
Order interval in days
0
10
Reorder point
800
5000.0
4
0
5000.0
0
10000.0
0
10000.0
Value
73000
$50000.0000
$1825.0000
Value
2000
2000
0
0.0274
799.9340
$1825000.0000
0
M
0.0110
0
$1825000.0000
0
$3650000.0000
0
$3650000.0000
Economic
Order
Quantity
Inventory
Related Cost
Grand
Total Cost
Total
Setup Cost
Total
Holding
Cost
Tota
l
Shor
tage
Cost
Total
Materi
al
Cost
Maximum
Inventor
y
Maxi
mum
Back
orde
r
Order
Interval
in day
1732.051
1788.854
1843.909
1897.367
1949.359
2000
2049.390
2097.618
2144.761
2190.890
2236.068
$8660.2540
$8944.2720
$9219.5450
$9486.8330
$9746.7950
$10000.0000
$10246.9500
$10488.0900
$10723.8000
$10954.4500
$11180.3400
$8660.2540
$8944.2720
$9219.5450
$9486.8330
$9746.7950
$10000.0000
$10246.9500
$10488.0900
$10723.8000
$10954.4500
$11180.3400
$4330.1270
$4472.1360
$4609.7720
$4743.4170
$4873.3970
$5000.0000
$5123.4760
$5244.0440
$5361.9030
$5477.2260
$5590.1700
$4330.1270
$4472.1360
$4609.7730
$4743.4170
$4873.3980
$5000.0000
$5123.4760
$5244.0440
$5361.9020
$5477.2260
$5590.1700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1732.051
1788.854
1843.909
1897.367
1949.359
2000
2049.390
2097.618
2144.761
2190.890
2236.068
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.547
11.1803
10.8465
10.5409
10.2598
10
9.759
9.5346
9.3250
9.1287
8.9443
Reor
der
Poin
t
600
640
680
720
760
800
840
880
920
960
1000
Economic
Order
Quantity
Inventory
Related
Cost
Grand
Total Cost
Total
Setup Cost
Total
Holding
Cost
Tota
l
Shor
tage
Cost
Tota
l
Mate
rial
Cost
Maximum
Inventory
Maxi
mum
Back
orde
r
Order
Interva
l in
day
Reor
der
Poin
t
2581.989
2581.98
9
2236.06
8
2000
12.909
9
11.180
3
10
800
2000
1825.742
9.1287
800
1690.308
8.4515
800
1581.139
7.9057
800
1490.712
7.4536
800
10
1414.214
1825.74
2
1690.30
8
1581.13
9
1490.71
2
1414.21
4
$3872.983
0
$4472.136
0
$5000.000
0
$5477.226
0
$5916.080
0
$6324.555
0
$6708.204
0
$7071.068
0
$3872.984
0
$4472.136
0
$5000.000
0
$5477.226
0
$5916.080
0
$6324.556
0
$6708.204
0
$7071.067
0
2236.068
$7745.967
0
$8944.272
0
$10000.00
00
$10954.45
00
$11832.16
00
$12649.11
00
$13416.41
00
$14142.14
00
$7745.967
0
$8944.272
0
$10000.00
00
$10954.45
00
$11832.16
00
$12649.11
00
$13416.41
00
$14142.14
00
7.0711
800
zilnic
D [200, 400]
200
Econ
omic
Orde
r
Quan
tity
2000
250
2236
Invent
ory
Relate
d Cost
Grand
Total
Cost
Total
Setup
Cost
Total
Holdin
g Cost
Tota
l
Shor
tage
Cost
Tota
l
Mate
rial
Cost
Maxim
um
Inven
tory
Maxim
um
Backo
rder
Reor
der
Poin
t
Orde
r
Inte
rval
in
day
10
$10000
.0000
$11180
$10000
.0000
$11180
$5000.
0000
$5590.
$5000.
0000
$5590.
2000
2236.
8.94
1000
800
800
800
Dem
and
per
day
300
350
400
Econ
omic
Orde
r
Quan
tity
.068
2449
.490
2645
.751
2828
.427
Invent
ory
Relate
d Cost
Grand
Total
Cost
Total
Setup
Cost
Total
Holdin
g Cost
.3400
$12247
.4500
$13228
.7600
$14142
.1400
.3400
$12247
.4500
$13228
.7600
$14142
.1400
1700
$6123.
7250
$6614.
3790
$7071.
0670
1700
$6123.
7250
$6614.
3780
$7071.
0680
Tota
l
Shor
tage
Cost
Tota
l
Mate
rial
Cost
Maxim
um
Inven
tory
068
2449.
490
2645.
751
2828.
427
Maxim
um
Backo
rder
0
0
0
Orde
r
Inte
rval
in
day
43
8.16
50
7.55
93
7.07
11
Reor
der
Poin
t
1200
1400
1600
Tabelul 7. Analiza parametric pentru variabila cost unitar de stocare h [5.0, 7.5]
Parametric Analysis of Unit holding cost per day for model stocuri
Unit
holdi
ng
cost
per
day
5
Econom
ic
Order
Quanti
ty
Inventor
y
Related
Cost
Grand
Total
Cost
Total
Setup
Cost
Total
Holding
Cost
Maximum
Invento
ry
Order
Interv
al in
day
Reord
er
Point
2000
$5000.0
000
$5244.0
440
$5477.2
260
$5700.8
770
$5916.0
800
$6123.7
250
$5000.0
000
$5244.0
440
$5477.2
260
$5700.8
770
$5916.0
800
$6123.7
250
10
800
1906.9
25
1825.7
42
1754.1
16
1690.3
08
1632.9
93
$10000.0
000
$10488.0
900
$10954.4
500
$11401.7
500
$11832.1
600
$12247.4
500
2000
5.5
$10000.0
000
$10488.0
900
$10954.4
500
$11401.7
500
$11832.1
600
$12247.4
500
1906.92
5
1825.74
2
1754.11
6
1690.30
8
1632.99
3
9.5346
800
9.1287
800
8.7706
800
8.4515
800
8.1650
800
6
6.5
7
7.5
A [12500, 50000]
Order
or
setup
cost
per
order
12500
Economi
c
Order
Quantit
y
Invento
ry
Related
Cost
Grand
Total
Cost
Total
Setup
Cost
Total
Holding
Cost
Maximum
Invento
ry
Order
Interva
l in
day
Reorder
Point
1000
$2500.0
000
$3535.5
340
$4330.1
270
$5000.0
000
$2500.0
000
$3535.5
340
$4330.1
270
$5000.0
000
800
1414.21
4
1732.05
1
2000
$5000.0
000
$7071.0
680
$8660.2
540
$10000.
0000
1000
25000
$5000.0
000
$7071.0
680
$8660.2
540
$10000.
0000
1414.21
4
1732.05
1
2000
7.0711
800
8.6603
800
10
800
37500
50000
K (Q * )
*
K( Q )
D A
Q*
Q*
T h
2
A D
2 A D
2 D A T h
T h
2
T h
2 D A T h.
2 D A
T h
Se observ c modificarea costului unitar de stocare cu = 1,5 (o cretere de
1
1
50%), atunci valoarea optim a lui Q se reduce cu factorul
0.81 (o scdere
1.5
cu 18.35%=100-81.65%).
Folosind aceeai formul pentru EOQ: Q*
-40
13
-20
2,5
20
1,67
40
5,7
10
14000
12000
10000
2000, 10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
K(Q)
Rezolvarea in EXCEL
11
Figura 14. Organizarea foii de calcul - Date iniiale, date prelucrate i rezultate obinute
12
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0
1000
2000
cost stocare
3000
4000
cost lansare
5000
6000
cost total
cost stocare
125,00
250,00
375,00
500,00
625,00
750,00
875,00
1000,00
1125,00
1250,00
1375,00
1500,00
1625,00
1750,00
1875,00
2000,00
2125,00
2250,00
2375,00
2500,00
2625,00
2750,00
2875,00
3000,00
cost lansare pe zi
200000,00
100000,00
66666,67
50000,00
40000,00
33333,33
28571,43
25000,00
22222,22
20000,00
18181,82
16666,67
15384,62
14285,71
13333,33
12500,00
11764,71
11111,11
10526,32
10000,00
9523,81
9090,91
8695,65
8333,33
cost total
200125,00
100250,00
67041,67
50500,00
40625,00
34083,33
29446,43
26000,00
23347,22
21250,00
19556,82
18166,67
17009,62
16035,71
15208,33
14500,00
13889,71
13361,11
12901,32
12500,00
12148,81
11840,91
11570,65
11333,33
13
cantitate
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
cost stocare
3125,00
3250,00
3375,00
3500,00
3625,00
3750,00
3875,00
4000,00
4125,00
4250,00
4375,00
4500,00
4625,00
4750,00
4875,00
5000,00
5125,00
5250,00
5375,00
5500,00
5625,00
5750,00
5875,00
6000,00
6125,00
6250,00
cost lansare pe zi
8000,00
7692,31
7407,41
7142,86
6896,55
6666,67
6451,61
6250,00
6060,61
5882,35
5714,29
5555,56
5405,41
5263,16
5128,21
5000,00
4878,05
4761,90
4651,16
4545,45
4444,44
4347,83
4255,32
4166,67
4081,63
4000,00
cost total
11125,00
10942,31
10782,41
10642,86
10521,55
10416,67
10326,61
10250,00
10185,61
10132,35
10089,29
10055,56
10030,41
10013,16
10003,21
10000,00
10003,05
10011,90
10026,16
10045,45
10069,44
10097,83
10130,32
10166,67
10206,63
10250,00
2.500,00
2.000,00
1.500,00
1.000,00
500,00
0,00
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
nivel de reaprovizionare
reaprovizionare
14
Q optim
2.000,00
1732,05
1788,85
1843,91
1897,37
1949,36
2000,00
2049,39
2097,62
2144,76
2190,89
2236,07
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
160
180
200
220
240
260
Cost total zi
9.330,13
9.472,14
9.609,77
9.743,42
9.873,40
10.000,00
10.123,48
10.244,04
10.361,90
10.477,23
10.590,17
15
11.000,00
10.500,00
10.000,00
9.500,00
9.000,00
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
16
17
18
2055.652483
37.3620509
2000
2000
457.5898023
209388.4272
-0.756620751
-0.002737722
1830.250548
1240.347346
3070.597894
308347.8724
150
73.8279037
Confidence Level(90.0%)
61.83959434
19
Frequency
Frequency
Cumulative %
2002.952
27
18.00%
1,392.87
10
9.33%
2613.035
20
31.33%
1,545.39
15
19.33%
2155.473
19
44.00%
1,697.91
22.67%
2460.514
17
55.33%
1,850.43
16
33.33%
1850.431
16
66.00%
2,002.95
27
51.33%
1545.389
15
76.00%
2,155.47
19
64.00%
1392.868
10
82.67%
2,307.99
67.33%
86.67%
2,460.51
17
78.67%
1697.91
90.00%
2,613.04
20
92.00%
2307.993
93.33%
2,765.56
93.33%
1240.347
96.00%
2,918.08
96.00%
2918.077
98.67%
100.00%
2765.556
100.00%
More
27
83%
20
19
17
44%
10
31%
18%
87%
90%
93% 96%
100%
99% 100%
90%
80%
76%
15
Frequency
2.67%
25
20
Bin
More
30
Cumulative %
1,240.35
70%
66%
16
55%
60%
15
50%
40%
10
6
30%
5
20%
2
10%
0%
Frequency
20