Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PROIECT MECANISME
TEMA DE PROIECT
Se da mecanismul articulat de tip DIRECTIE
Se cere:
1. Documentarea asupra tipurilor de sisteme de suspensie-directie utilizate la autoturismul
de tip ..............
1.1
Date tehnice :
[de
exemplu:Tipul
autoturismului;
Ecartamentul
autoturismului;
autoturismului; Unghiul de pozitie al rotii directoare si al pivotului; etc]
Ampatamentul
1.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
Precizari:
1. Pentru intarzieri mai mult de 2 saptamani in efectuarea unuia din punctele 2, 3, 4, 5 tema de
proiect va fi schimbata.
2. In saptamana 14 se va face evaluarea proiectului. Evaluarea cu o nota mai mica decat 5 (cinci)
atrage refacerea proiectului si amanarea prezentarii la examen.
3. In cazul schimbarii temei de proiect evaluarea se va face in sesiunea de restante din septembrie.
1
2
3
4
5
15.03.2013
29.03.2012
12.04.2013
26.04.2013
17.05.2013
31.05.2013
Predarea
proiectulu
i
Sustinerea
proiectului
V1
V2
V3
Obs: V1 visa 1 pentru pct. 1; V2 visa 2 pentru pct. 2 si 3; V3 visa 3 pentru pct. 4 si 5
Brasov
26.02.2013
Coordonatori:
Prof. Univ. Dr. Ing. Ion VISA
Asist. Univ. Ing. Edith Bianca DOBRE
Cuprins:
1) Documentare asupra tipurilor de sisteme de suspensie/direcie utilizate la
autoturismele de tip Mercedes-Benz Clasa S ...2
1.1 Date tehnice..2
1.2 Analizarea mecanismului de suspensie al autoturismului Mercedes-Benz
Clasa S6
1.3 Analizarea mecanismului de direcie al autoturismului Mercedes-Benz
Clasa S8
2) Noiuni teoretice .10
2.1 Unghiuri directoare ale roii directoare i ale pivotului .........10
2.2 Legea Ackermann (condiia virrii geometrice) ....12
3) Reprezentarea la scar a mecanismului de direcie primit .13
4) Analizarea mecanismului de direcie primit ......................................14
4.1 Modelul structural i analiza structural a mecanismului de
direcie primit .........................................................................................14
4.2 Modelul structural i analiza structural ca sistem multicorp a
mecanismului de direcie primit .............................................................15
5) Geometria corpurilor la mecanismul de direcie primit .16
5.1 Determinarea punctelor de interes i ataarea sistemului de r
eferin fix i a sistemelor de referin mobile ..16
5.2 Scrierea coordonatelor generalizate ...18
6) Determinarea funciilor cinematice 19
7) Scrierea funiilor cinematice i a ecuaiei de restricie cinematic ....22
8) Rezolvarea funciilor cinematice i aflarea necunoscutelor ...............23
9) Optimizarea .
10) Bibliografie
Jante i anvelope:
Jante tip: 8.0J X 17 ET 43
Anvelope: 235/55 R 17
Mas i capaciti:
Mas proprie (kg): 1875
Portbagaj (litri): 560
Rezervor combustibil (litri): 90
Dimensiuni: Interior (mm):
nlime deasupra capului: fat 961
nlime deasupra capului: spate 977
Loc pentru picioare: fa 320
Loc pentru picioare: spate 358
Distan scaun - portier: fa 554
Distan scaun - portier: spate 510
Loc pentru umr: fa 493
Loc pentru umr: spate 878
Dimensiuni exterior (mm):
Lungime: 5076
Lime: 1871
nlime: 1473
Ampatamentul: 3035
Ecartament fa: 1604
Ecartament spate: 1606
Consol: fa 868
Consol: spate 1173. [2]
6
3
A
E
5
F
2
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
R1 3
R1 2
R2 4
R3 4
R5 1
R2 5
R6 1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(6 1) 14 = 1
1
G
A
E
Numr de corpuri
Restricii
Loc
12
13
23
RR
R
R
A, D
B
C
1
2
2
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(3 1) 5 = 1
5
E
1
A
T1 2
R2 3
R3 2
R1 4
R2 5
R5 6
R1 6
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
3 4
B
C
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(6 1) 14 = 1
1
Numr de corpuri
Restricii
Loc
ri
12
13
14
23
24
34
T
R
R
RR
RR
-
A
G
D
E, F
B, C
-
2
2
2
1
1
-
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(4 1) 8 = 1.
2) Noiuni teoretice
McPherson strut
See Figure 8
McPherson strut front suspension differs considerably from unequal length A-arm suspension.
McPherson strut suspension is found most frequently on compact and subcompact cars, both
domestic and imported. With this type of suspension, the shock absorber, strut and spindle
are a combined unit, which is supported by the coil spring at the upper end and the lower
control arm (sometimes called track control arm or transverse link) at the bottom.
Another type of front strut suspension is referred to as a modified McPherson strut
suspension, which is the same as the regular McPherson strut unit except the coil spring is
mounted separately from the strut, between the lower control arm and the frame.
There is only one ball joint in this design, and it is attached to the lower part of the spindle.
Generally, this ball joint is not a load carrying ball joint, but a follower ball joint, which means
it is isolated from vehicle weight.
The shock absorber is built into the strut outer casing and, except for the modified McPherson
strut, a coil spring sits on a seat welded to this casing. The upper mount of the shock
absorber bolts to the vehicle body. On some models, the strut cartridge may be replaced,
while on others the entire strut must be replaced. Due to the design of this type of
suspension, the only front-end alignment procedure possible is toe-in adjustment, since
caster and camber are fixed.
Rear suspensions
There are three basic types of rear suspension: independent, semi-independent and live axle.
Each of these suspension systems has their own distinctive variations, but the general
principles and component types are relatively similar to that of front suspension systems
described earlier in this chapter.
Independent rear suspension systems may be found on both rear, front, and 4-wheel drive
vehicles. They utilize control arms which allow one wheel to move separately from the other
wheel.
Semi-independent rear suspension systems are often found on front wheel drive vehicles.
These systems utilize a cross member, which connects to two trailing arms. Despite the fact
that there is a solid connection with the cross member and the trailing arms, the cross
member will twist with each up and down movement of the wheels. This twisting action
provides not only semi-independent movement, but also a stabilizer effect.
Live axle rear suspension systems are usually found on rear and four wheel drive vehicles.
These systems consist of leaf or coil springs utilized in conjunction with the live axle, which is
the differential axle, wheel bearings, and brakes operating as a unit.
Rear suspensions, in general, can be much simpler than front suspensions since all they have
to do is support the rear of the vehicle and provide some sort of suspension control. However,
some rear suspensions, especially those found on sports cars, are quite complex.
1.
2.
4.
5.
Leaf springs
Spring U-bolts
Sistemul de directie
Power steering units are mechanical steering gear units incorporating a power assist.
Power steering for the recirculating ball type steering system consists of a pump, fluid
reservoir, pressure and return hoses and steering gear. The pump, which is driven by an
accessory drive belt, consists of an impeller, pressure valve, and fluid reservoir. Pump
pressure builds only when the engine is running. The pump impeller turns, picking up
hydraulic fluid from the reservoir and feeding it to the steering gear under pressure through
the pressure line. The fluid is then returned to the fluid reservoir through the non-pressurized
return line.
The power assisted rack and pinion steering system is very similar to that of the recirculating
ball system in that its power cylinder and control valve are in the same housing. The power
piston is part of the rack while the rack housing is the cylinder. The pinion housing contains
the control valve. Rotating the steering wheel moves the control valve, directing pressure to
both ends of the steering rack piston. The rack and pinion system uses a pressure hose from
the power steering pump to the control valve housing, and a return line to the fluid reservoir.
ctgQe
OC
BC
ctgQi
OC
BC
OD OC b
ct
AD BC L
unde: L ampatamentul
b distana dintre axele pivoilor.
Re
B
Qe
Qi
Ri
R
0
Fig. 5. Schema virajului automobilului
J
3
H
5
G
7
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
H:
I:
J:
R2 4
R2 3
R1 3
R1 4
R4 5
R3 7
R7 8
R5 6
R6 1
R8 1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
f=1
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
r=2
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(8 1) 20 = 1
A
H
Numr de
corpuri
12
13
14
15
23
24
25
34
35
4-5
Restricii
Loc
R
R
R
R
RR
RR
R-R
J
I
D
C
G,F
H,E
A,B
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
M = 3(nc 1) - ri = 3(5 1) 11 = 1
Y
D1
Y1
I1
C1
J1
X1
X(1)I1 = - 802 mm
Y(1)I1 = 0
X(1)C1 = 115 mm
Y(1)C1 = 40 mm
X(1)D1 = - 115 mm
Y(1)D1 = 40 mm
X(1)J1 = 802 mm
Y(1)J1 = 0
Corpul 2:
X(2)J2 = 0
Y(2)J2 = 0
Y2
J2
X(2)G2 = - 50 mm
Y(2)G2 = - 220 mm
X2
G2
Corpul 3:
X(3)I3 = 0
Y(3)I3 = 0
Y3
I3
X3
X(3)H3 = 50 mm
Y(3)H3 =- 220 mm
Corpul 4:
H3
Y4
D4
X4
X(4)D4 = 0
Y(4)D4 = 0
X(4)E4 = - 45 mm
Y(4)E4 = - 290 mm
A4
E4
X(4)A4 = 0
Y(4)A4 = - 110 mm
Corpul 5:
Y5
C5 X5
X(5)C5 = 0
Y(5)C5 = 0
X(5)F5 = 45 mm
Y(5)F5 = -290 mm
B5
F5
X(5)B5 = 0
Y(5)B5 =- 110 mm
AB = 230 mm
HE = 591 mm
FG = 591 mm
Corpul 4:
Xo4
Yo4
4
Corpul 3:
Xo3
Yo3
Corpul 5:
Xo5
Yo5
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,2617994166 rad/ -150
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo2= 802
yo2= 0
2= - 0,254616661 rad/ -14,50
xo3= - 802
yo3= 0
3= -0,2198779912 rad/ -12,50
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,1745329445 rad/ -100
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,08726647220 rad/ -50
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
Pt 5= 0 rad/ 00 rezult:
xo2= 802
yo2= 0
2= - 0,005163982738 rad/ -0,30
xo3= - 802
yo3= 0
3= 0,005163982738 rad/ 0,30
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0 rad/ 00
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0,08726647220 rad/ 50
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0,1745329445 rad/ 100
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0,2617994166 rad/ 150
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
Coordonatele modificate
XC1 = 115 mm
YC1 = 45 mm
X(5)C5 = 0 mm
Y(5)C5 = 0 mm
X(5)C5 = 0 mm
Y(5)C5 = 5 mm
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,2739984681 rad/ -15,70
xo5= 113,7
yo5= 40,17
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,1825534349 rad/ -10,50
xo5= 114,14
yo5= 40,08
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= -0,09124392504 rad/ -5,20
xo5= 114,56
yo5= 40,02
Pt 5= 0 rad/ 00 rezult:
xo2= 802
yo2= 0
2= - 0,00516398273 rad/ -0,30
xo3= - 802
yo3= 0
3= 0,00516398273 rad/ 0,30
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0 rad/ 00
xo5= 115
yo5= 40
xo4= - 115
yo2= 0
2= 0,1116108328 rad/ 6,10
xo3= - 802
yo3= 0
3= 0,1315191161 rad/ 7,50
yo4= 40
4= 0,09124394087 rad/ 5,20
xo5= 115,43
yo5= 40,02
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0,1825536968 rad/ 10,50
xo5= 115,9
yo5= 40,07
xo4= - 115
yo4= 40
4= 0,2739998711 rad/ 150
xo5= 116,3
yo5= 40,17
10).Bibliografie:
[1] Casa auto Mercedes-Benz Braov
[2] Internet: www.mercedes-benz.ro
[3] Internet: www.speedycars.net
[4] M. Untaru .a. Calculul i construcia automobilelor ,editura Didactic i
Pedagogic Bucureti 1984.
[5] Vasile Cmpian .a. Automobile ,editura Universitii Transilvania
Braov 1985.