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I N T R O D U C T I O
ssia n s
Co lo
I
II
O r i gi n
a n
d I ts Co
d D
a n
pa n io
E p ist les
VI
I n t e gr i t y a n d A u t h e n t i
cit
y
Ex t e r n a l E v ide n c e
B M o de r n Cr i t ic ism
C E l e m e n t s o f t h e P r o t l e
e st i n a t io n
T im e a n d Pla ce o f W r itin g
A T h e Ca se fo r R o m e
B T h e C a se fo r C a e sa r e a
T h e C a se fo r E p h e s u
H e r e sy
T h e Co l o ss i a n
d
C
o n ten ts
Ch a r a c te r a n
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IV
V
e p ist l e s
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si a n s,
the ir
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2 Qu e s t i o n
"
the
to
VII
VIII
Co lo
fo
o n
the
ss i a n s,
r m
Pa u lin
p C o l o ss i a n s h o l d s t h e c e n
is l i n k e d t o P h i l e m o n b y t h e l o
so n a i r e f e r e n c e s w h i c h a r e c o m
gr o u
e pi st l e s ;
a l l e l i sm
pa r
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bar e l y
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all
t hr e e
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P a u l a p p e a r s a s a p r i so n e r
9 ; C o 1 4 : 18 ; E p h 3 : 1 ; 4 : 1; 6 : 2 0 )
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c o n t r o v e r sy
P h i l e m o n a l o n e i s g e n u i n e w e s h a l l f i n d o ff e r e d
p r
t o u s a f u r t h e r v a r i e t y o f so l u t i o n s f o r t h e
c ed i n Co lo
v an
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lem
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Co lo
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ip
a n
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it
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a n
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T he
h er
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a mo u
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by t h e a u t ho r
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r r o w
letter
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the
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Ph il e m
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t h e r e l a t i o n sh
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C u r i o u sl y e n o u s h , t h e a u t h e n t i c i t y o f P h i l e m o n
i t is
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d e f e n d e d b y Je r o m e , C h r y s o s t o m , a n d T h e o
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l fr o m B a u r
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l sc h o l a r s o f t h e
t u r y A m o n g t h e gr e a t c r i t i c a
n
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se l v e s i n c l i n e d t o
h o se n a m e t h e y b e ar I t
w o r k s o f t h e a p st l e w
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m a y b e sa id
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f u c h m a t t e r s i s t h a t Ph e m o n
pe t e n t t o j u d ge o s
fr o m the ha n d o f Pa u l bu t
a n d C o l o ss i a n s a r e
r k o f a d i sc i p l e o f t h e
th a t E ph e si a n s i s t h e w o
I t c a n sc a r c e l y b e d o u b t e d
se c o n d g e n e r a t i o n
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se r i o u s
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t h a t i f C o l o ssi a n s h a
to defen d the
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t ic i t y o f E p h e si a n s ; a n
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e
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n
m
s
C o l o ssi a n s st a n
am o n
f the T ho
f T yc h ic u s t o t h e r
o f C o l o ssa e
(4 : 7 8 ; E p h 6 : 2 1 2 2 ) i n c o m p a n y w i t h t h e
t u r n i n g sl a v e O n e s i m u s
(4 z g j P h i l e m 10 12 )
I f P h i l e m o n a n d C o l o s s i a n s a r e a c k n o w l e d ge d
eem en t
a u t h e n t ic it y
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clear
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d Co lo
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kable
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to
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f the
Se l e c t e d B i b l i o g r a p h y
m o n
l i t t l e gr o u
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by
a n
the
to
in
I Co lo
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T her
a n
St a t e
f St y l e
o f t h e A f fin i t i e s
Gr eek T ex t
o
p su
m
est ia
th e o lo
in
Bi a n
te r m s w
s o
f the
gge st t h a t
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A r ia
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T I 1 E I N T E l P R = T E R S I B 1 11 I =
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ly
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been
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y d e t e n t i o n i n Ja i l s u c h a s t h a t
a po stl e
p h i l i p p i (A c t s
s u ft e r e d
a t
16 : 2 2 4 0 ) ; b u t o f a r e l a t i v e l
l
i mpr i s
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m e n t s u c h a s h e u n d e r w e n t a t C a e sa r e a
(w o
4
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J u sa e m t o sa v e h i m f r o m
h a n d s o f t h e m o b (A c t s 2 1 3 1 3 6 ) s o t h a t h e
er
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P
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l 74
5
18
7
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n ew
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th e d i st r i c t w a s
t h e pr o v i n c e o f A sia ;
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to
a n d
a f t er
i n g gr o u
phe ts o f
c o n v e r ts
i t i n gs
i n c id e n c e s
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a sc e t ic
h u n dr e d o d d m ile s fr o m
fa m o u s c i ty
the
E p h e su s t h e c a p i t a l o f t h e R o m a n p r o v i n c e
A si a w h er e P a u l h a d c a r r i e d o n a l o n g a
Ph r ygia a l w a ys
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hh
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W her
w
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t ea
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(p p
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c o lo ssa e w a s n o t a n i m po r t a n t c i ty i n i t se l f
I t w a s s i t u a t e d o n t h e L yc u s R i v e r a t r ib u t a r y
t e n o r t w e lv e m il e s a bo v e t h e
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p
t h e N e w T e sta m e n t ; a n d i t is t e m
p t in g to thin k
t h a t h e h a d so m e
p e r so n a l a c q u a i n t a n c e w i t h
t h e t e1chi ng o f t h e C h r i s t i a n s
c
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m a t iv e p e r io d
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phy
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y
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h
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P a u l h im sd f h M n n t v M t c d h
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es n
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o r h is k n
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m
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u po n
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i
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b o r n e t o h i m b y t h e C o lo ss i a n C h r is t i
a n s w ho
h a d n e v e r s e e n h i s f a c e ( ] : 8) T h ( l c t t e r b
e fo r e
t ls w a s w r itt e n
i n t h e l igh t o f t h is r e o r t
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14 2 4 5 1
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p h e s ia n s T h e f u l l d is
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ea r
(4 : 3 ;
4 : 18 )
a t
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2 7 : l 8 : 16
) T his w a s
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1 1: 28)
str a n
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i n
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p r i so n m e n t a t C a e sa r e a ; o r e l se t h a t
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gr a n t t h a t t h e r e a r e
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,
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C h r is t o l o
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gg ( s t e d
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p
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8:6 a n d tha t Pa u l w as
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p e lte d t o b r i n g t h is a l w a s l a t e n t t h
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Pr o b l e m s o f t h e C o l o s s i a n h e r e s i t i s s t i l l h a r d
y
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p
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g
l e a v e n o t r a c e i n su c h a
k
ilit a r y h ea d
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C h r ist o l
o gy
yt h i n g t h a t
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13 5
to
s t i fi e d
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is j u
t h e se w o r d s a s w
o n l y p e r io d i n
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u
"
, :t t e n i n R o m e
w h ic h i rn p r iso n
u
gh f o
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cer ta
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si n c e
du
had been
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r ue, ' ' mhave
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ta
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a t a n y t im e i f h e h a d b e e n a
fi n d a b r i b e f o r F e l i x (A c t s 2 4 : 2 6 )
O n ly a f t er h is a ppe a l to C a esa r w o u l d h e b e
lo n g p e r io d o f
c er t a in
t h a t h e m u st fa c e a
d e t e n t io n st il l fo r h e co u l d n o t e n t e r t a i n h o p e
o f a spe e dy h e a r in g a t th e co u r t o f N er o
h is de l iv er
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T h e Ca se
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il
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Co l
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ke
In
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b u t j t h a s a l so b e e n
o f a ll
t h e se m e n is
th a n
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o
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Rom
lled
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h
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y
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y
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Je
go n e u p t o
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a n
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hem
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ld
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it
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b e ga n t h e v o a e w i t h them
y g
her e is r eall
y n o r e a so n t o
su
p p o se t h a t h e d id n o t
o
R o m e ; bu t
o
t.
n
g
it is co n ec tu r
J
ed
tha t he m a
y h a v e l e f t t hem
a t M T a
)
(A c t s 2 7 : 5 ) w h e r e t h e c h a n e d sh i p s
y
g
A s fo r o n e si
m u s
th e f u i t iv e sla v e
it is
g
r ep
se n t e d t h a t h
e co u ld m o r
e r e a d i l y h a v e fo u n d
his w a
y t o C a e sa r e a t h a n t o t h e m o r e d ista n t
Ro m e an d th
a t p a u l co u ld h
a v e m o r e r e a dily
ar r a n
ge d t o se n d h im b a c k t o h i s m a st er Y e t i t
is ha r d to t ell
w h y O n e si m u
d
s sh o u l d h a v e m a e
fo r C a e sa r e a
o f all
i
th
l
w
a
p c es w her ea s R o m e
i t s h u g e sl a v e
o
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l
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i
p p a t o n w a s a v e r i ta b le m e a
'"
d d
' " " ' ' an d ' " ' "
' ' "
p e ua e
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c ts
= ".
t h e d ista n c e
t o b e tr a v e l e d w o u ld n o t
h e d e c isio n fn t h
f
e sl ig h t e s t d e gr e e A s fa
M a r k is c o n c e r
n e d
Hi s p r e se n c e t e l l s r a t he r
m a st er
A ft e c t
r e
a s
13 6
t hr ea t
Act accompani ed
A r istar ch u
2 7 2) a n d
o m e
hy
a n
str o n
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the
o m e
in
t he
T im
l so d u
is
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ad
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n e c e ssi t
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m e n t io n
(s e e
in
R
t io
a r e
E p a p hr
e o
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i f . le i s t h e a u t h o r
do
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p t i o n i n t h e o l d e r De l d
is la id u po n the n am
e a sil
ke
h is d e sir
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so n a
"
T e sta m e n t t
r
,
Jo h n M o o
& T C l a r k 19 0
9 ). I 443
a n
se t
ge
r in g his de te n t i
o n
T yc h ic u s a n d A r ist
a r c h u
sa l e m
w ith p a u l
(A c t s 2 o : 4 )
a bl y fo l lo w
h im t
C
t h e,
j 0Bi x0
had
o n ce
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su
T yc h i c u s
ye a r s t h e
v o
a
w 1u
s t r e ss
ia
a sso c
a n
m o r e
XX
io n
r ea t
Al l ege d a s o n
i n g E p he su s
a r gu e d
tha t
t al
to
'
r ece n t
"
at l e
sia n s
n e w
ter r ito r y fo r
d isp e ll i n g b - p e r
o f syn c r e t ic c o r r u
n u m
ll tr
ro u t
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lin
+1r
g u m e n t So m e o f t h e a r g u m e n t s t o w
e ar l ier
cr itics m a de a
p p e a l r e st u po n t h e a s
su m
i
E p h e si a n s
pt o n that
is a d d r e sse d t o
E p h e su s A s t h i s a ss u m t i o
h a s b e e n u n iv e r
n
p
sa l ly a b a n do n e d th e a r
gu m e n t s w h i c h a r e b a s e d
u po n i t n o lo n
ge r d e m a n d c o n s i d e r a t i o n
(a ) L o h m e y e r c o n s i d e r s t h a t h e h a s d e m o n
s t r a t e d w i t h r e a so n a b l
e
cer ta in t
y t h a t p h il ip
p i a n s w a s w r i t t e n fr o m C a e sa r e a : a n d h e t h i n k s
t h a t t h e r e a r e s u ffi c i e t
n
po i n t s o f co n t a c t b e
t w e e n P h i 1i
i
a
s
d
n
a
n
c o io ssi a n s t o j u s t i f t h e
pp
y
c o n c l u sio n t h a t b o t h w
er e w r it ten a t abo
u t the
sa m e t im e
T h e r e m a r k i n c o l 4 : 11
tha t o n l
y
thr ee m en
o f t h e c i r c u m c i si
o n
hav e been a
c o m fo r t to
Pa u l is ta k en to i n dic
a te the v er
y
sit u a tio n w h ich u n d e li
r
e s Ph il
1 : 15 17 I n f a c t
h o w ev er the r em ar k tell
s r a ther a a i n st C
a e sa
g
r ea
A s T he o do r Za h n B h as
po in ted o u t p a u l
h a d b e e n e n t er t a in e d i n t h
e ho m e o f
p hili
p
t h e E v a n e l i st i n C
a e sa r e a
g
n o t m a n
n
y
ear lier , o n
h is w a y to
J e r u s a l e m (A c t s 2 1 : 8 ) :
a n d i t i s sc a r c e l
c
o
i
n c e v a bl e t ha t t h i
y
s t r ied a n d
a ppr o v ed
p r e a c h e r o f t h e g o s p e l t h e fi r s t
m an
to br ea k the ba r r i
e r s o f Je w i s h e x l
c u siv e n e ss b
y
pr e a c h i n g t h e w o r d i n s a m a r i a sh
o u ld n o t be
r ec ko n ed a m o
n g th e few w ho
w er e
a c o m fo r t
t o Pa u l
(b) I n P h i l e m 2 2, P a u l i n d i
ca tes tha t h
e
h o p e s t o v isi t C l
o o ssa e ; h e a sk
s h is fr ie n d
s to
k ee p a lo d i n
g g r ea dy fo r h im L ik e w i
se
he tells
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w er e
t he
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If he
hes
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me
O n the o ther h a n d o n ce he ha d
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R o m e i t w o u l d b e i m p o ss i b l e t o r e t u r
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p
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i n d e %n i t e l y t h e c h e r i s h e d p r o j e c t o f a
m i s s io
n
Sp a i n
to
(R o m ] 5 : 2 3 2 4 ) I t m i g h t w e l l b e
h o w e v e r t h a t t h e gT e a t d a n g e r
p r e s e n t e d t o his
A sia n c h u r c he s by th e k in d o f teachin
g w hich
h a d m a d e i t s a p p e a r a n c e a t C o l o ssa e w o l
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ies
ld be in
w o u
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co n side r a t io n s
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m a
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T he
m e w a s n o t se r
18 2 9 b y D
bee n
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etee n t
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C a e sa r e a
a n
Ro
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ber
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be fo r
o n
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2 : 24 )
g h is
in
(P h i l
ly
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t h is is t he
in ly
R o m e w i t h w h ic h h e is c o n
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r
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ism
t T ho u %
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it m a y b e g
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pe r p
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t h a t a n y s u c h i m p r i so n m e n t w a s
sh o w
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du r a t io n o r t h a t i t w a s t h e k i n d o f l i b e ? a
in w h ic h t he a o stl e w
i
c u st o d a
as
ke pt a t
p
(A c t s 2 4 2 3 ) a n d a t R o m e ( A c ( s
C a e sa r e a
28 : 30 3 1) , w h i c h a l o n e w o u l d p e r m i t t h e o
ppo r
t u n ity fo r l i t e r a r y a c t i v i t y a n d fo r c o n v e r se w i t h
f r i e n d s w h i c h i s p r e s u p p o s e d b y t h e e i s t 1e s
p
T h e r e i s so m e p l a u s i b i l i t y i n t h e a r u m e
n ts
g
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"
"
hc dm
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is
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ly
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h a v e be e n w i
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y
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d i s t a n t c i t y o f R o m e ; (b ) t h a t i t i s n a t u r a l t o
fa c e d w ith t he t hr e a t o f a
th in k o f E p a p h r a s
t h e c i t y w h ic h h e h a d e v a n e
su b t l e h e r e s y i n
g
l iz e d a n d u n a b l e t o d e a l w i t h i t h i m s e l f
go i n g
to h is m e n t o r P a u l i n
E p h e su s to i n v o k e h is
co u n se l
a n d
a ssi s t a n c e
w h ile
t h e jo u r n e y to
m o r e
to
se e
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Ro m
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c
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lv
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o m
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teacher : a n
in
hr
it
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t
Co lo
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ld lea st
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2 2)
so
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cl e t e n t i o n
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ld ha v e
T her
do
s ia n s w a s w r
t io n
if
p a t ib l e
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tr a
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ber
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li n
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po
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Co
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f A
I
,
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iv
h im
h yp o t h e sis
ss i
iv ed
n ar r a t
m e n t io n
n o
n a
ar r
h(
e n d a ll ho pe o f d e fe
a bo v e
p 13 5 )
he
e m o ns t
ex ter n a
i n c
a t
din g its
au t
he
h
ho le
a u t
I f Pa u l d id
isa ge d i n
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to
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it
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fter
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im
If T
s i
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ld
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th in g to
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d i m p r iso n
ar d w ith
h im
a n d
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t an
he p a r t y e n r o u t e I f T im o t h d id
y
n o t a cco m
p a n y p a u l o n t h a t sh ip i t is s u r e l y
n o t u n l ike i
y t ha t h e w o u ld fo llo w h is o ld m a ster
to R o m e a s t he m
o n t h s o f h is i m p r i so n m e n t
l /n ge r e d o n i n to a se c o n d e a r I t i s o f n
o
y
s
n i fi c a n c e t h a t
A c t s giv e s n o h in t t h a t T im o t hy
w a s e v er in
R o m e fo r A c t s e n d s w i th th e
r i v a l o f p a u l in the ca
p i t a l a n d a d e sc r i p t io n i n
[ he m o st
l
(
g n ( r a t e r m s o f t h e c o n d i t io n s o f h is
Sa m e
ar e
ip b o
he left
to
ff o r d
pr (
fr
sh
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c ir c u m st a n c e s e n v
ga t io n
gr e
a
w as
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[i s c u
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ip
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ite it
t
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lev
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ll
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ly if
he
dm it ted
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d by a
h a r a c t e r ize
i
ty w a s c
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n
a
t
i
s
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r
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rr e c ( to n i o f s p
c x t r m r d i 11 a r y
nt er p re
i
w
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a s n e
a n d
h
t ;
u
h
o
t
t
i
g
t
n
: 1c t i v i t y a
d b y d i ff e r e n
o ff e r e
w er e
l
c
s
h
e
t
g p
t io n s o f
o rl
d t o b e j u d ge d
teacher s th( y ha
n
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n o
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pr
sys t e m
l b a sis
fe sse d
co n
fo
r m
b e d isc i p le s
to
in
c h r ist
f C h r ist
; it
a m ew o r
fo r
p la c e
d w itho u t r e fer
h
h
i
a d bee n cr e a t e
h
c
u
th e
d
tr ie d to per su a e
then
h im
a n d
to
e n c e
e
m
st e m
c h r is t i a n s o f c o lo ssa e t h a t t h e ir sy
h
a d
ic
b r a c e d i n i t s [u l l n e ss a l l t h a t c h r i s t i a n y
l e ss s u b
m o r e o r
a
t o o ffe r
a n d s( t c h r is t i n
t
a n ge l i c
k
s o
h
r a n
o r din a te
p o si t io n a m o n g t e
f C h r ist t o a n
i
p o w e r s So m e s u c h r e l e g a t o n o
i n fe r io r p l a c e se e m s t o b e im p l ie d i n t h e v o r d s
the H ead
( 2 : 19 )
n o t ho ld in g fa st to
i
h
n g in the w a y o f
T h e e p is t l e i t se l f giv e s n o t
a d i r e c t a c c o u n t o f t h e t e n e t s o f t h e C o l o ss i a n
i
p h i l o s o p h y (2 : 8 ) ; w e a r e l e f t t o r e c o n s t r u c t t
fr o m a n u m b e r o f a ll u sio n s
a s best
w e
m a y
m a
ke
t
w
gh t
tho
h ic h
ha
hey
ho kn
e r s
w o u
ew
ld
be
to
a r e
a t
had been
%r
ha
sai ng
t o se t i t fo r t h fo r t
it ;
po in
hey
t
w o u
ev er
ld
y
clear er
a u
w a s w r
ha t the
T her
d(
l l u sio
to
e fi t i n
r st a n
a n
he
n ee
o r
der
per fec t ly
w o u
r ea
der
itin g to peo ple

he r e t ic a l t e a c h
e w as n o
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u n
a
u s
st
m u c
ld
d fo
to
r e
w e
ll
r eco
(H o m
er
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} " wc e
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n e
ither
( 1 : 14 )
sio n
in
tr
c o n sIst i n
issu
pr ac
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in
d ia t e d
io
r e su r r e c t
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m e
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0 1 1
1
t ic a l
hr
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fori v' 1ess
id e
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ne
qn s pc
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d a ge
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ns
C hr ist i n h
is - s
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co n
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p le d
P h a r i s a i c I t g a l is m H
er e
t r aces o
Je w i s h i n H t r t n c e T he
w e m ee t w
i n r es t ct
l e a d e r s o f [ h e n e w c u l t j l 1d g 1 d m c n
p
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o
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g
g
A n d
sa b b a t h
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i ch
ith
i m p s e d d i e t a r y o b l i g a t i o n s w h i c h w e n t b> o n
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e J e w i s h c o d t s i n c e t he
f o o d b l i t t o d r i n k : a n 1 it
a p plied n o t o n ly t o
pr
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te
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so m e
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Fu
q u ir
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em e n ts
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Hy m
13 8
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an
so n s
a t
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in
h im
ize
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m e
t h e ir
to ta lity
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t he y
f
L1l
l
m
'
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a
l
r
m
o
e
l : ly; 2
h
e
(
[
p
s t i t t 1t e
y\
f u l l c o m p l e m e n t o E d i v i n e a c t iv i [ ic s a n d
b u t e s T h e Y o ft e r n i e n r e d e m p t i o n b u t i n
i b l e w i t h t h c C h r ist i
e n se n o t c o m p a c
to
as
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r ta n t
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fr
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ity
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ir
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T he
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W
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in
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h,
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hr
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r m
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he
I n them
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i nt
y
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n a n in cr edi
bly co m lex a m a l a
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pr a c t ic e s bo r r o w e d
wi
O u t
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o n
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c
po u n d e d w ith l a r e e le
m e n ts
g
o f
m a gic
a n d
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gy ; a n d t h e w h o l e f a b r i c w a s c o m m e n d e d
by the r ete
n se o f a se c r e t t r a d i i
p
t o n go i n g b a c k
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o f w h ic h t h e G
n o st ic b o a st e d w a s i n v a r ia b l
y a
r ev ea led
k n o w led e ; n o t the a cc u m u lat d
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g
su its o f
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t
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G o d m a n a n d t he w r ld
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po t ( n t ia l i t ie s
I t m i gh t s e e m t h a t a l l t h is so r t o f t h i n
g w o u ld
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p p e a l f o r Je w s w h o p s s e s s e d i n
t h e i r sc r i t u r e s a n d i n t h e i r n a t i o n a l t r a d i t i o n
p
a k n o w l( d e o f th e liv in
g
g G o d a n d a c o n c e p t io n
o f h i s r u l e o v e r t h e w o r l d b e si d e w h ic h a l l t h e se
p h ys i c a l
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at
ll
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ly by
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T hu s the v er
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l i o n s s o t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l i t y o f t h e o 14
go d s
i n t h e n o t io n o f a u n iv e r sa l d iv i n
w a s l o st
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po w
er
m er e l y
sym
bo ls ;
to
su c h
in
i 1i c h Z e u s
p a r t ic u l a r m
as
m or ta
er a c les,
pa n t
w as
di v i n
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lit y
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e
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so
m en
H
,
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the
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sc h o o l s
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a
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he
f e e l i n g t h a t t h e c o sm o s
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r s
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A sc l e p i u s A t t i s
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ll e n istic
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ff i c i a l
a n
c o n st a n
c
a n
l a t io
r e
n o w
i 1m
the
n s
fl e c t i o
t
ha
n u n e to
ld
w o u
n s
se e m
f d iv i n
e v e n
in
h is H
lle n
Pa l
istic
D ia spo r a le ss r e st r a i n e d
tiv e po w er o f th e t e m p le c u lt
d i sc i p l i n e e x e r c ise d b y t h e
t
,
d by t he je a lo u s w a tc h fu l n
d P h a r i se e s i t fo u n d i t se l f
p
l a sse s
ibes
w e
w as n o t
sp e c u
te
a n
e ss
ow
T h(
a r c
su
p ple
he
G
fl
i l l fo r t h e i r l i v e s i n s p ir i t u a l
Go d s w
gr o w t h
t fu l n e ss i n go o d w o r k s i n t h e c o n
i
u
f
r
d
st a n t
an
f i n w a r d st r e n gt h a n d i n t h a n k f l
u
i n cr e a s e o
G o d f o r t h e b e n e fi t s w h i c h h e h a s b
e
n ess t o
i n C h r i s t ( l : 9 14
d
u po n t h e m
e
T
w
h
o
t
er e is
)
s
o f
the
v a u e
he r e a n i m p l i c i t r e p u d i a t i o n
g
f u Hn e ss
p r o se d b y t h e c o l o ssi a n
m yM
t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e fi r m a s s u r
a n d ist s
a n ce
pr o pa g
l
fi
l
l
f
h
t
h
i
e
u
m
n
h
l
e
w
l
t
h
c
t
a
e
t
c
a
d
n
i
a
h
e
s r e is
t
y
h i d i s p o sa l i n C h r i st
ak e a d y a t t e r
T he pr a ye r o f su p p h c a t i o n m e r ge s a h n o s t
i m pe r c e p t i b l y i n t o a f o r m a l s t a t e m e n t o f t h e
'
"
he
t h e So n
p e r so n o f C h r is t A s
h
l
t e r u er
v e
s
t h e k i n gd o m
o f
o f
l o v e i n t o w h i c h G o d h a s t r a n s l a t e d u s ( 1 : 13 )
Chr i s t i s s e t b e f o r e u s a s (a ) t h e s o l e M e d i a t o r
do c t r i n
o f Go
lo
"
o cr e a t i o n
(b)
the
le
ed ia
a n
so
to r o f r e
de m p t i o n G o d m a d e t h e u n i v e r s e t h r o u g h h i m
an d fo r
h im
G o d r e d e e m s t h e u n iv e r se
a n d
t hr o u gh h i m
T h r o u gh h i m i t c o m e s i n t o b e i n g
i n h im i t i s s u s t a i n e d a s a n o r d e r e d w h o l e ; a n d
,
l r(
Su
1in
like
SU
m e n t to
se r v e s
i l i L 11 h =
r in
Rs
thc
gs
h=
if(
l L 1l r i \
Su1(>i 11s n
n g
hk h w
a =c u r
2 4
tl 1l dcri r' "

o
t J
a s
M sw
)n c r
k in d
it
f ( : tl r i w
hc
l" i v
a s ;l
= 1H
ri sa t
t)
l t 1r
f:d
Hv c n tn h hn b r t h ,
b e n e %t G
o d h ts c
n t r L1s t c d h i
m
w it h t hc t a sk r f
br in in h
)
g g is w o r d m
t
Hh11m
cm
1b k w o r d to o
is a
m yst e r
y
h u t h d s n o t d e
2
fo r i ts a u t h
pe n d
o r it
y u p o n 1 11 a n c i e n t t r a d i t i o n
it
h a s be e n h id
f r o mu
c s n n d r mn Rc n c r a n s
Bu t Go d hi
r n s f h n s n
o w
r c v c uc d h r n a k i n g
know n
[ o h is sa in t s
h is h it h e r to se c m t
p
Po s e t o b r e a k d o w n t h c b n r r i ( r s
n r r
l
r e
l ig io
i sd o
as
ac e
a m
p r iv i l e ge b y e x t e n d i n g t o G e n t i l e s a s
W ell a s to
Je w s t h c g l o r i o u s b l e s s i r 7 g o f t h e
C hr ist w ho W a s
p r o m is( d t o I sr a e l P a u l s l i f e
is n o w de v o ted t
br in gin g a ll m c n w itho u t
o
d n c o n to t he fu ll
a n d
w r l c c t c n ym c n t
O [ t h e gr l c ( t h a t i s
f
>
d
r
o
r
i n C h r ist
=
to t he m
c
p
H is c a r e e x t e n tls n o t o n l
L
l
he
r
o
1o s c
w im m
y
h : l s h i m s e l f ( v a n e l i z c d l ) A1 t l i s o t n t h c
c hr
g
a n s 0 t h e L c u s r e io n w h u h a v e n e v e r sc e n
y
g
h
f i sa c e h e i s h
hc
c o n c e r nce d I = w
sho u ld
y
v ic t im ized
b y t h e s p c c i o t 1s p r c t e n s i a n s o f a
d o c t r i n e w h ic h m n l iy f a l l s f a r s h o r t o f t h e
u s
C h r ist
O
w
u t
ith
d
e
kn
t h is
in
them
C h r ist
a n
a n
o w
le dge
tha t
h id d e n
ar e
in
( 1 : 24 2 : 5)
sp ir it
u r
has bi
en
as
he
m a
ke h im
to
n o w
se d u c t io
gi v
n s
es
o
co n cer n
the
ge s
fo
h i s %r s t d i r
t
he
sl o
he
a p
them
st le
to
m a
de k n
u n
d a t io
ect w a r n
i c ze i a d o
c tr
as
to
o w n
in g
in e
e se n t
pr
h o ld fa st
to
hem
he ir l iv
es
ga i n st
h ic h
he
tac
ke d
r ev ea led ;
b(
r o o ts
thc
at
a n
he
b st a
su
n ce
gs h a
t h in
t h e se
o n e
tr u t
h is
h is
m a
kes
m u c
do
bo
u t
c l u sio
co n
T yc h i c u s
o n e sim u s
co m
se n se
1 life is
m o r a
f i ts h idd e n
b e go
n
n lv
to
hea v
v er n e
a t u r e
d by
a n d
a n
n tr o
II
T ha
p
to
by
dds
n ew
gr
the
n e
aces a n
ge n t l e n
bear
o
e ss
o v er
f C hr ist ;
T he
y
d
Ju Y,
T h e se e n
g
f th is
se c t io n
sl a v e s :
an
o c c a si o n
u n
iqu
f the
in
ju n c t io n s
to
Ho
e s,
w s
o f fa t h er
3
( : 1 8- 4 : 1
he
in
tr o
du
the
cr o w
a n
s a n
du
ct
hildr
T he
d d r e sse d
jec t u r ed
o
the
that
ta
Ca r r
is
r e t u r n
to
he
se n
1i \ f 1 i f
1l , 1
l ( t 1( J
: il l l rj
u c: ( ' "
t 11( :
(:Ol' "\;1 i l
lo
ds
e c t iri
he
u n
iv
u r c
n ce
f c h r is t
( 1 : 15
hfu ln
e ss a n
d pr
( I : 15
yer
es ecia
p
r e a d e r s ( 1 : 2 1 23
)
i
i
1: 24 2 : 5)
s
t
n
r
(
p
y
M i n i s t r y o f s u ff e r i n g ( I : 2 4 )
p r o p a g a t i o n o f t h c g o s p = l ( 1 2 5 27)
C u r e o f s o u l s (1: 2 8 29 )
T he
o s t le ,
l ie n
a n
to
T he tr u e
l in str u
T he tr
acter
Ex ho
he
po s tle
ita l
o r a
20)
( 1 : 18
to
in
te r es t
in
he
d
f
C h r is t ia n
l i fe :
t he
d r i t u a l r e g N l a t io n s c o n de m n ed ai
h e C h r i s t i a n ] i f ( (2 : 16 23)
s p h e r e o t t h e c h r i s t i a n l i r e (3: 1 4)
c t io n
a n
a n sfo r m a t
a n
b le
ce n te r
co n
ho
r ta tio n
du
io
c t
ho
ex
r ta
(3 : 5
t io n
f t h e C h r is t ia n
(3 : 5
u se
h o ld
to
p r a ye r
4 : 6)
in
ch
17 )
(3 : 18
(4 : 2 4 )
d u t ie s
4 : 1)
C h r i s t i a n b e h a v i o r t o w a r d a a n s (4: 5 6)
p g
I n t r o d u c t io n s
18
a n d
i
e
r
t
l
n
s
o
a
e
n
e
r
p
g s (4 : 7 )
g
A I n t r o d u c t io
us
n
o f
T c h i c u s a n d O n esi m
n
ao
dicea
a n
d fi n
io
l i n s t r u ct
lin
14 2
r e a de r s
l 5)
ic
sce t
p p l ic a t io
T h
r ee t in
gs t o
(4 15 18 )
lly
23)
17 )
paul i newas
m e dia
e r se
n e sim u s
w a tc
IV
i g n i fi c a
he
tl B
hj
the
ble
Hs
14 )
(1 : 1
ar t
to
10
he
p r im
T he
n o w
is
tr o
15 3 : 4 )
E
III
co n
e n
m ain
ic
(l
e n e ss
ar e
iter in
k sg i v i n g (1: 3 8)
o f s u p p lic a [ io n
( 1 : 9 14 )
a g a i n s t t h e d o c t r i n e o f a n ge l i c
(2
l i f e i s ' 11e d w i h
t
in t ha n ks iv i
n g
g
co n
f Go d
d fo r
fo r gi v
n
a n d
]c
r s
c l a ss
in
w er s
peo ple
c t io n
o n
a n
a tie n ce
co n
Su c h
o v er
fl o
as
the
l pr in c i les
p
iv
2
3
a t
is
n
f h is Cr
r ace
the
ee
ll
v e
t h is r es e
p ct
sl a v e
fr
as
ge
h im
se t
C hr ist ia
a
is tha t w hi h
c
is
ha s been
it
fo r
ility
v e
lo
m a st e r s
b e li t
an a
er a
h u sb a n d s a n d
sl a v es a
n d
bo
ll
im
life
n ew
e n e ss
a
hu
the
the
c t io n s
tu es tha t
a n
a n
su m m a t io n
Fo
in
ld d ist in
f o r giv
a n ce,
%' .
it ies tha t
en m
de
o
ir
he
e i gh b o
aw a
a n
m a
A ll
do
i t h h is
m a n
a to r
ar e
se l
B\ 1 i
;, B
ye r
r a
h e ho pe o f t he c o m in g r e v e l a t io n o f C h r ist i n
g l o r y a g l o r y w h i c h w i l l b e m a n i f e s t e d a l so
i n t h e m (2 : 16 3 : 4 )
T h e a p o s t le t h e n se t s fo r t h t h e a
p p lic a t io n
o f t h e se p r i n c i p l e s o f r e l i io u s e x
e
g
p r ien ce in
c h a r a c ter a n d co n du c t
T hey r esu l t in t h e tr a n s
fo r m a t io n o f t h e w h o l e i n w a r d c h a r a c t e r a n d
c o n se
q u e n t l y o f i t s w h o l e o u t w a r d e x p r e ss i o n
T h e v ices o f th e e a r th ce n ter ed life a r e
m a de
to pe r ish
b o t h t h e i m u r i t i e s t h a t d e fi l
h
h im
ho
c t io n
du
m a n
/ r
,
u r c
he
w r
(4 : 7 9 ) ;
th e ir
r Jv
l h
h f r o m a n u m b c r a [ l 1 i s assr}ci l tt' l 4
( :jo
l
14 ) ; b i d s t h e m g T e e t a n d c x c l ; i n g e l c t t t : r \ w i
t lr
i n L a o d i c ( a (4 : 1 5 l f j ) : i n v i t e s
the chu r ch
t 1l ( r
n
A r c h i p p u s t o f u l fi l l b i s r r i
t o e n c o u r a ge
1 ri iu
'
y
i t h a p e r s o n : 1l n (
d
t in
g
(4 : 17 ) ; a n d e n s w
g in
4 1
h i s o w n h a n d w r i t i n g ( : 8)
T h e g e n e r a l s t r u c t u r e o f t h e e p i s t l e r n a br
y
i n N c m e d a s f o Ho ws
ho
he
a n
i i n s;
h i s m ys t i c v s o
t
l
s
o
y of a
i n fl a t e d p o m p
b u t a l l t h is is o n l y t h e
o r ced
i
d
v
l a n d is
t t r u l y sp ir i t u a
m in d t ha t is n o
d on
h c h r ist t h e H e a
fr o m l iv i n g c o n t a c t w i t
fo r its
d
is spir i t u a l d e p e n s
tha t
a ll
w ho m
tr u e e n ds
i
ttain m en t o f ts
v i t a l i t y a n d fo r t h e a
f v er y k in d cr ea te
T a bo o s a n d pr o h ib i t io n s o e
n d
su p e r io r
p ie ty a
i m p r e ss i o n o f w i sd o m
a n
h
e
t
i
l
y do
lf de n ia l ; bu t i n r e a t y
p r a ise w o r t h y se
d
they
f t h e se l f a n
n o t c h e c k t h e g r a t i fi c a t i o n o
l l ife
be lo n g t o tha t lo w er lev el o f t he m o r a
b
e i n gs
r
l
f
e
e ss
w h ic h w a s u n de r t h e do m o n o
i
h
T o t h a t l ife C r st ia n s
t h e e lem e n t a l spir its
i i a t io n i n
a r e d e a d t h r o u gh t h e i r m ys t i c a l p a r t c p
les do n o t
l
i
fi
i
r
u
a
t
i
c
ts ar
t he d e a t h o f C hr ist ;
R ise n
im
h
to
tha n
t he m
a n y m o r e
a p pl y to
they ar e to h a v e the ir
to a n e w l ife
w i t h h im
w h e r e h e is;
m i n d s a n d h e a r t s fi x e d o n h e a v e n
lt
cu
f u r t h e r t n c ( O f t l l f ; 1 1f
f th(
1 m l>
4
2
4
) ; a n d a b r i t f r ( n 1j r l r l
( :
o r k
w i s e d e m e a n o r t o w a r d 1l r ) 1 i (
e e d fo r a
;ll r
r fo
p r a ye
es o
f d i sc u
ss i o n
c a n
b e in d ica
t ed
hef
ns
ho
r ebu t ta
T he
w ev er
d isp o
il l
st
d i ff e r
betw
se
d i f fic u l t i e s
en ces
the
ho le
fr
co n
st
n s
c a se
( )
yl e
f c
lo
n o t
do es
a ga i n st
he
u s:
o n t
the
een
bjec t io
t h e se
str
ssi a n
hat
ikin g
s a n d
l ia r i t ie s
g n ize t h e p e c u
T h e f( a t u r e s w h ic h
o
he
a u t
a l so
ho
t iv e s ;
har
the
a c ter
d in
a rv
r e ek
p i s tl e
e n ce s
o n e
ho
po
ar e
pr e se n t
hei
the
lo
g
o
a n
il l b e p e r
takes the
ceiv e
tr o u
l a t io
it is
c o sm ic
e n ter
to
beca
u se
h e fi e l d
the
d' b
+%
g n i z e d t h a t f o r t r u e p a r a l l e l s to
c h r i s t o l o g y o f c o l o s s i a n s w e m u st
p a u l s o t h e r e p i s t l e s b u t t o H e br e
r eco
'
n o t
tu r n
a n
to
Fo
he
u r t
o sp e
w o r
ws
ks
t h e se co n d
A g a i n t h o u g h p a u l else
c h r is t ia n ge n e r a t io n
h a s a h i g h e r w i s do m t o
h
e
h
t
a
w her e te lls u s t
,
='
--
T=
the
law
sin
he
n o
T
He
d in
ble
sp e c u
the
pelled
co m
l i t u r gic a l c a d e n c e s; t h e
dia lec t ic
e a ge r
a n d
ic k
i s t i c d i ff e r
by
m o m e n t
bt
c o n c a t e n a t io n
he
m e a su r ed
he
se n c e
se n t e n c e s;
do
c a st
to
g h l e ss
help
t h is
in
s t yl e
co m m en ta to r s
f E ph e sia n s
pr o n o u n ce d
h e n t ic ity
lv ed
v o
All
s tyle -
l is
t im e
Q 1t e s t i o n
a u
ic a l
b the
l
he ge n e r a l ly a c ce pt e d e pist es; ( )
l
ht e sp e c ia l ly in C h r ist o
a f fi n i t i e s o f t h e t h o u g
h
t
r
u
F
o
lin e w o r ks a s the
o gy w i t h s u c h p st p a u
a n d
s
b
w
r
e
H
;
e
h
e
t
l
t
o
i
G o spe l a n d t h e E p st e
t
he
to
p a s s a g e a s I C o r 2 : 6 16 ,
i
h t he tr e a t m e n t o f
t
s
p
st a n t ia l ly t h e sa m e t h e m e i n
C o l 1 : 2 5 27 T h e
n e r v o u s v igo r o f I C o r i n t h i a n s h
a s e n t ir el
d
y
a pp e a r e d in a c u m br o u s
o v e r w e i h t e d se
n te n ce
g
i n w h ic h i t is h a r d t o r ec o n iz
e t he w o r k in
g
g of
t h e sa m e m i n d
r ea
a n
to
co m
su c
jt
ar e
D i ff e r
en ces o
st
yl e
ar e
in deed to be
o b se r v e d
p o s e d a t d i ft e r e n t
p e r io d s o f t h e ir l iv e s a n d u n d e r i
er n
c
g
c u m st a n c e s ; a n d
i t i s d i f fic u l t t
o
d e c id e h
g 1 c a L u c a 1r r e r e n c e s m u s t b e b e f
o r e
t h e
pel u s to de n y id e n t i ty o f a u tho r
sh i
Mo
p
Er n st Pe r c
o v er
y h a s br o u ght fo r w
ar d
to
co u n te r ba la n ce the
s e d i ff e r e n c
es cer t a i
n
s
di t i
t iv e sim il a r i t i ( s o f
s t yl e b e t w
e e n Co lo
ssi a n s
an d
the a c k n o w led ed
e p is t l e s "
g
I t c a n the
r
f
e
o
r
e
be
gr a n t e d t h a t t h e m a t t e r o f
s t yl ( i s n
o
t
s
u
f
f
i
i n i t s e l f t o se t t l e
c ie n t
the
q u est io n ; b u t i t r e
m ain s
Fa c t o r i n t h
e m akin
g o f the de
c i sio n
in
a ll
w r
iter
in
w o r
ks
co m
is
tho
gh t
'
"
;o '
dm it t ed b
y c r itics
o f C o l o ss i
a n s
ex
"
n tr o
du
ll
sc
hibits
ti o n
t"
ho
'
ls
m ar
tha t th
e
ked
o
'
14 4
Ev
N o
29
fr
ee
o m
in
en
tio n
d i ft e r
Ae c
fr
t
t
he in
p l a c e is giv
a n l
b le p a ssa ge
a r d a n d o u
e n
to
he
dea th
o n
"
the
d li
1
c t i f y" g
tw a r
sa n
of
t he
' '
e o
tr in
the
b ir t h
n ew
ju
the
n e o
o c [n
go
"
ca th
the
a s
he
he
tlc s
c hr isto 1
o g
y
J o h a n n j ne
a sp e c t s
l ic i z i n g
the ap pea l to
el
go sp
iv er sa l it y o f
t he u n
, ,
st
To w a r
de fe
n se
the
po sto lic a u th o r it
y
the
p r o c l a m a t io n
d the ex ho r t i
a t
a
a n
su
ffic i e n
he
in
the P a u l i n
itin g o f this
t h e m se l v e s t o c o m
w r
ho
p ist le
p l
e
ar e
to
u s
a u t
cW
T he
Q
is
ea n
go P r e s s
d i %e d
in g o /
19 3 3 )
o n
h is
o w n
w a
Pa
lin
fo
E p h e s ia
n s
(c
he
la im
h ic a go
iv
ha
e r sit
ha
t
t
t t
je c tin
r e
the
r e l a t io n sh
p ist l e s
ip
be
h ic h h e
du
br
he
p istl e
tr a
da t io
a tes
vr
ter
in
he fu
d i t io
itho
gu m e n t
l ik e th e fo
r em a
in
n o t
se e m
in g
th e
Pa
r ce
r ea
der
lin
der
sta n
din g
T he
w
t ex t
sta te
i t h gr
fi d e l i t y
ea t
he
lo
co n
lem
en t
tin
the
a
tex t
10
1e l s
14 5
"
co r r u
f Ep h esia n
Je s u s
I bid
pp
d
8 3 16 5
An
ye t i t
SC E
pt
h is
id i n
r e e
he
be
m u st
in
he par
by
e n
h ihit
sa
pr
id
o t
ear
Pa
sa
lu
lin e
it
ha
a n
ll
ly
sh o w
to
a ssa ge s ;
the
he
e ser v e
his
und
v er sio n s,
llel p
bu
po n
ssi m i l a t i o
a u
tha t
tha n
i n t ie s
th e
m
the
ex
es
em i
bt in
has been
ex
aw
k T
i d o
ill be
f p
dr
p t io
t
to
a n
ss i a n s
the
a t
C h r ist
o n
a cc e
lly
u a
n a m e
de
m e a su r e
ip
f do
t h e P a u l i n e gr o
i tle o
o ther e p s
bo t h m a n u sc r i p t s a n d
w i t n e sse s
a
r sh
the a u tho r
t il e G
u n cer ta
m o r e
ts
p r e se n
f c
ho
c ir c u m st a n c e s,
to
p e r so n a l i t y a s
f t h e t h o u gh t
v II
l o gy
ca n n o t
w e
a u t
keep
o r
hat
t
e
he
h e E x e ge s is
m a tter
t io n c d r e gu l a r ly u n d e r
be m
w ill
a t tem p t
n o
car eer
theo
A t
o r
m i s g i v i n gs
h a r dl y be cla im ed t h a t t he
i ts a u th e n t ic ity h a s a n yth in g
d ( m o n st r a t io n T h e q u e st io n
st
n e c e ssa r
; in
ca n
en t o
r e se r v a t io n s
it
pe n
s o
e v e n t s,
u t
ga in
a r e
n s
ll
a t a
e r sy
la t er de v elo pm
u n
clear
ar
ly by
in
n s,
t he
c l o se n e ss
o
t h e sa m e t i m e ,
m o
pted t he
the tw
I t is
Po s i t i o
la im
n da m e n ta l
de v e lo ped in t h e
l a t e r w o r k i n t o a e n e r a l n o s is o f r e d e m t i o n
g
g
p
o r
(b ) t h a t t h e t w o e p i t l e s a r e f r o m t w o
di l l
e n t w r i t e r s o f t h e sa m e sc h o o l
bo th a like
d
c ipes o f p a u l a n d im
pr egn a t e d w it h h is sp ir i t
a n d o u tlo o k ; a n d
bo th r e pr e se n t in g e a c h i n
n
h e d e pe n de n c e o f th e o n e u p
he o t h
l
l
f
a
f
d
o
er
o r w hether
t h e y m u s t st a n
to
n
ge t h e r M
i
o
i
t
s
o st sc h o l a r s n o w
a do p t t he p
t ha
t th
fo f a s
d
e
e
t
pa r a l le ls a r e t o b e a c c o u n
I i *t
1 l
p y r e fl e c t i
b
i n s
y the
n g t he
o f c o lo ss a
u se
fo
co n tex t o f co n tr o v
is t o l o g ic a l i d e a s w h i c h
chr
' "
ter m
s o
r e a so n
fc ( l
w ( v t r
* } : 0i<
t ic u l a r
ho
pi=
+
t
f fi c i e n
E p h e si a
do u b t s
sim
her
o t
m u st
r ega r d e d
as
d el i n g t o t h ( d o u b t
s w h ic h a r e f e l t c o n c e r n i n
g
C o l o ss i a n s o n i n t e r
n a l gr o u n d s
I f c o l o ss i a n s i s n o t
a u t h e n t ic
tw o
p o ss i bi
t ie s c o n fr o n t u s :
h
(a ) t a t C o l o s s i a n s i s a n
e
l i er w o r k fr o m
the
han d
f th
i
r e ec t
r sh
ip ; bu t the
y do r e i n fo r c e
t he
w h ic h a r e r a i se d b
y t h e d i e r e n c e s
o f s t yl e a l r e a d y n o t e d
4 q u e s t i o t z o i t h e R e l a t i o n sh i
p t o E p f 1e s i a n s
It is cl e a r t o ev e r
d
r
h
t
E p h e si a n s a n d
e
e
r
a
t
a
y
Co l o ss i a n s s t a n d i n a
p a r t i c u l a r l y c io se r e l a t io n
h
i
s
p to o n e a n o t h e r a l i k e i n l a n g u a ge a n d i n
t ho u g h t
T h e o l o g i c a l l y t h e c o sm i c C h r i s t o l o gy
f
o Co l o s s i a n s i s t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f t h e d o c t r i n e
o f the c h u r c h
e x p o u n d e d i n E p h e sia n s; a n d i n
r es ec t o f l a n
p
gu a ge E d ga r J G o o dsp e e d is a b le
to c la im w i t h
j u s t i c e t h a t t h r e e fi f t h s o f C o l o s
o
si a n s i s r H
e eeled in E
T he tw o e pis
p h esia n s
ti e s a r e e i
n
t h e u se o f a n u m b e r o f t e c h n ic a l
g
w o r ds
t
o f theo lo
gic a l v o c a b u l a r y w h ic h a r e n o
e l se w h e
h
i
e
t
r e u se d b
n
d
a
a g
y
y p a u l ; a ga i n a n
ex hi bi t
m o r e
st ill
v er ba ll
h
r a se s;
l
i
i
d
t
c
a
e
n
p
y
o fte n
ith
a
p a ssa ge u se d i n t h e o n e r e a p p e a r s w
on l
y s l i g h t m o d i fi c a t i o n i n t h e o t h e r E v e n i n
st l e
the
y
t he r e a r e
e
e l e m e n t s o f r e se m b l a n c ;
lo n
l
g i t u r gi c a l c a d e n c e s o f E p h e s i a n s a p p e a f
onl
y l e ss c o n s i c u o u s l i n c o l o s s i a n s
p
y
T he
is
t h e r e fo r e
u
e
io n
s
t
a r i se s
w h ic h
q
w he t h
er
E p h e sia n s
n
the
r e l a t io n sh i
p be tw ee
e
n o
tw een
o c
n o
a n
n o t 5o
$i #t
a cc(
ble m is
c a sio n e d
"
w el
o r co n v
g E p h e si a n s
e r se l
y i f t h e o bj e c t io n s to t h e
a cc e
o f E he i
pta n ce
s a n s ar e f
p
e l t to be o v er
w helm in
g it is
Sc a r c e l
y p o ssi b l e t h a t C o l o ssi a n
s
l
so
c
o
s
ely
la ted to it
ca n
be a u t h e n t ic T h e
,
c a se a a i n st
g
t he a u t he n i
t c it
y o f Ep he sia n s is c e r t a i n l v er
y
str o n
g a n d t h r o u gh o u t t h is c o m m e t
n a r y it is
tr ea ted a s d
e u ter o p a u lin e
o n c e t h a t v iew is
Pr
( ee
1: 6 2 3) a n
o n s to st
Ex e g o n
a n d
h ic h h a s b e e n d e l iv e r ed
by t h a t w
( 1 : 2 3 ; 2 : 6 7)
i
i
f
d
t
t
n
c
s
o
r
h
e
a
s
d
i
a
s
i
o
w n
He r e
g o f t h e n o t io n
u ar din g a de po sit o f fa ith o f
f
e
a
s
f
g
o
m a in t a in in
g
di t i o n u n a l t e r e d w h ic h b e c o m e s
a tr a
still m o r
e
i t in t h e P a s t o r a l e p ist l e s a n d i
e x pl i c
s d est in ( d
i n t o t h e s e n se t h a t
l
t0 de v e o p
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go s p e l i s
i
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i t w a s fi r s t c o m m i t t d
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e
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A ga i n
y m a n y t ha t t h e se
e r e n c e s w h i c h m a y b e a s c r i b e d a t l e a t i
s
n
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hi
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,
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l(
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