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tul dezvoltarii comunicatiilor si transporturilor asupra mediului si societatii}
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In domeniul serviciilor, unde
activitatea omului este bazata pe informatii si cunostinte, tehnologiile calcula
torului si comunicatiile au patruns si continua sa se extinda, permitand automat
izarea numeroaselor activitati structurate in general dupa o logica fixa. Inform
atizarea devine iminenta mai ales in conditiile cresterii volumului de informati
i si totodata ale exigentelor sporite privind calitatea si operativitatea servic
iilor. Sunt deja cunoscute servicii automate de vanzare si de distribuire a bani
lor, cu operarea directa in bazele de date bancare, sisteme integrate de rezerva
re in transport si sectorul hotelier. Accesul la alte servicii publice informati
onale poate fi complet descentralizat datorita aparitiei calculatoarelor persona
le si a terminalelor videotext. Prin asocierea cu postul de televiziune si telef
onul, omul va putea dispune la domiciliu de o capacitate de prelucrare si de un
mijloc de acces direct la servicii de informare, la servicii publice (achitarea
notelor de plata, transfer de fonduri) si in general, la cvasitotalitatea inform
atiilor si cunostintelor umane.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1
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}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048 O c}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang9 \langnp9 ategorie de activ
itati care beneficiaza de capabilitatile tehnologiei integrate calculator-comuni
catii este reprezentata de sistemele de control, dispecerizare a traficului ruti

er, a productiei si distributiei de energie electrica, petrol sau gaze naturale,

organizate la nivel urban, regional sau national.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \
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8 \lang9 \langnp9
Aplicarea pe scara larga a automatizarii in industrie si
in sectorul serviciilor a dus la eliminarea participarii directe a omului la o
serie de activitati periculoase sau grele, neplacute sau plictisitoare si la asi
starea omului in activitatile creative sau in care prezenta acestuia este indisp
ensabila. Ca efecte benefice ale automatizarii pe scara larga se mentioneaza cre
sterea productivitatii muncii, in sensul ca prin cheltuirea unei munci fizice si
intelectuale mai reduse se vor putea asigura toate produsele necesare unui stan
dard de viata mai ridicat in conditiile utilizarii mai rationale a resurselor na
turale. Cu alte cuvinte, pe masura ce procesul de informatizare si de automatiza
re complexa avanseaza, se realizeaza emanciparea crescanda a omului de munca pen
tru subzistenta, putand sa dedice cel mai mult timp activitatilor creative, cu r
ezultate benefice pentru umanitate.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch
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p9
In analiza impactului social al informatizarii trebuie luate in considera
tie in}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048 }
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang9 \langnp9 afara de aspect
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Daca eliberarea omului de munca pentr
u existenta, prin automatizare pe scara larga, constituie un rezultat social poz
itiv, se constata in acelasi timp un efect distructiv asupra unor locuri de munc
a, calificari, masini sau chiar intreprinderi. Cu toate ca in perioada de formar
e a noilor structuri care se creeaza se constata o migrare masiva a lucratorilor
catre sectorul informational, se asteapta atingerea unui maxim, dupa care noile
perfectionari tehnologice vor determina o scadere a necesarului de personal. Re
ducerea necesarului de munca va constitui o problema psihologica delicata pentru
viitoarea societate informatizata. In afara de aceasta, inlocuirea traditionale
i interfete om-om printr-o interfata om-masina oarecum incompleta si diferita de
obisnuintele omului, reduce apropierea dintre oameni. Aceasta izolare poate fi
accentuata de introducerea calculatoarelor personale care concentreaza in locuin
ta mijloace de comunicatie, de informare si de acces la servicii, in ciuda crest
erii interdependentei dintre indivizi, prin accesul instantaneu la informatii pa
rtajate.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048
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ransport}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \cgrid1 joac\uc1 \u25
9 ? un rol esen\uc1 \u355 ?ial \uc1 \u238 ?n dezvoltarea economic\uc1 \u259 ? \u
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ul asigur\uc1 \u259 ? accesul la locurile de munc\uc1 \u259 ? sau agrement, locu
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\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul tuturor factorilor de mediu prin: aglomer\uc1 \u259 ?ri

de trafic \uc1 \u351 ?i accidente \uc1 \u8211 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n cazul transporturi
lor rutiere; poluarea aerului, ca efect al emisiilor generate; poluarea fonic\uc
1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i vibra\uc1 \u355 ?iile \uc1 \u8211 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n marile
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351 ?i a apei, prin deversarea produselor petroliere; ocuparea unor suprafe\uc1
\u355 ?e de teren din intravilan pentru parc\uc1 \u259 ?ri; schimbarea peisajul
eco-urban; generarea de de\uc1 \u351 ?euri solide (anvelope uzate, acumulatoare,
altele)}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \cgrid1 \lang1048 \lan
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din trafic afecteaz\uc1 \u259 ? indivizii \uc1 \u238 ?n diferite moduri: cauzeaz
\uc1 \u259 ?, at\uc1 \u226 ?t disconfort, c\uc1 \u226 ?t \uc1 \u351 ?i probleme
de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate. Efectele asupra st\uc1 \u259 ?rii fizice incl
ud: un ritm cardiac mai ridicat (deci un risc mai mare de boli cardiovasculare),
deregl\uc1 \u259 ?ri psihice \uc1 \u351 ?i un nivel mare de stres, deregl\uc1 \
u259 ?ri de somn, probleme cognitive, de \uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1 \u355 ?elegere \uc1 \
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\uc1 \u351 ?apament afecteaz\uc1 \u259 ? calitatea solului \uc1 \u351 ?i a apelo
r, starea de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate a florei \uc1 \u351 ?i faunei. De as
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n special \uc1 \u238 ?n locurile de parcare), cu produse petroliere provenite de
la unele defec\uc1 \u355 ?iuni ale autovehiculelor, precum \uc1 \u351 ?i cu dif
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?n\uc1 \u259 ?t\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii umane sunt importante cele legate de
nocivitatea gazelor de e\uc1 \u351 ?apament care con\uc1 \u355 ?in NOx, CO, SO2,
CO2, compu\uc1 \u351 ?i organici volatili, particule \uc1 \u238 ?nc\uc1 \u259 ?
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m \uc1 \u351 ?i agravarea altor afec\uc1 \u355 ?iuni. Traficul greu este generat
or al unor niveluri ridicate de zgomot \uc1 \u351 ?i vibra\uc1 \u355 ?ii, care d
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