Noiuni Definiie.

Caracterizare
ir de numere reale { } : N R, 0,1,...,
( ) termenul general (de rang n)
al sirului x. Notatie (x )
k k
n
n
x A A k
x n x
=
= =

ir mrginit ( ) este marginit , R, ,
n n
x x n o | o | - e s s

ir strict monoton
1
1
( ) este strict crescator ,
( ) este strict descrescator ,
n n n
n n n
x x x n
x x x n
+
+
<
>

Limita unui ir
R este limita sirului (x ) daca orice vecinatate a lui x contine
toti termenii sirului exceptand (eventual) un numar finit de termeni.
Scriem lim ;
n
n
n
x
x x

e
=

Daca x R, sirul x se
numeste convergent. In
caz contrar s.n. divergent
n
e

iruri remarcabile 1. sirul puterilor cu exponent real
, 0
lim 1, 0
0, 0
2. sirul exponential de baza a
, 1
1, 1
lim
0, ( 1,1)
nu exista, a -1
3. sirul definit printr-o functie polinomiala
l
n
n
n
n
a
a
a
a
o
o
o
o

>

= =

<

>

=

e

1
0 1 1 0
1
0 1 1 0
1
0 0 1 1
im( ... ) lim
4. sirul definit printr-o functie rationala
,
...
lim ,
...
0,
1 1 1
5. e 1 ; 1 .
1! 2!
k k k
k k
n n
k k
k k
m m
n
m m
n
n n
a n a n a n a a n
k m
a n a n a n a a
k m
b b n b n b n b
k m
E
n

+ + + + =
>

+ + + +
= =

+ + + +

<

| |
= + = + + +
|
\ .
1
..
!
lim lim
n n
n n
n
e E e

+
= =

Limite remarcabile
( )
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
0
sin( ) ( ) arcsin( ) ( )
1. lim lim lim lim 1
ln(1 ) 1
2. lim 1; lim ln( ), 0, 1
1 1
3. lim 1 lim 1 lim 1
n n n n
n
n n
n n
n
n n n
n n n n
x x x x
n n n n
x
n
x x
n n
x x
x
n
x x x
n n
x tg x x arctg x
x x x x
x a
a a a
x x
x e
x x



= = = =
+
= = > =
| | | |
+ = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .

Weiestrass
Orice ir monoton i mrginit este convergent.





Tabel cu derivatele funciilor elementare
Funcia Derivata Funcia compus Derivata
c(constanta) 0

x 1
( ) f x '( ) f x
x
o

1
x
o
o


( ) f x
o

1
( ) * '( ) f x f x
o
o


1
x

2
1
x

1
( ) f x

2
'( )
( )
f x
f x

x
1
2 x

( ) f x
'( )
2 ( )
f x
f x

x
e
x
e
( ) f x
e
( )
* '( )
f x
e f x
x
a ln
x
a a
( ) f x
a
( )
ln * '( )
f x
a a f x
lnx
1
x

ln ( ) f x '( )
( )
f x
f x

log
a
x 1
ln x a

log ( )
a
f x '( )
( )ln
f x
f x a

sinx cosx
sin ( ) f x cos ( ) * '( ) f x f x
cosx
sinx
cos ( ) f x sin ( ) * '( ) f x f x
tgx
2
1
cos x

( ) tg f x
2
'( )
cos ( )
f x
f x

ctgx
2
1
sin x

( ) ctg f x
2
'( )
sin ( )
f x
f x

arcsinx
2
1
1 x

arcsin ( ) f x
2
'( )
1 ( )
f x
f x

arccosx
2
1
1 x

arccos ( ) f x
2
'( )
1 ( )
f x
f x

arctgx
2
1
1 x +

( ) arctg f x
2
'( )
1 ( )
f x
f x +

arcctgx
2
1
1 x

+

( ) arcctg f x
2
'( )
1 ( )
f x
f x

+

( ) ( ) f x g x
'( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) f x g x f x g x +
( )
( )
f x
g x

2
'( ) ( ) ( ) '( )
( )
f x g x f x g x
g x