CALCULUL LIMITELOR DE FUNCII

- CAZURI DE NEDETERMINARE

CAZUL DE NEDETERMINARE

Exerciii rezolvate:
3 Probleme propuse:
)x ( 2
2x 3 x
1. lim = lim 2;
x
x 2 5 x 5 x2 x 1
x 1 2 lim
8. x ;
x x 1
4

5 3x 3 5 x 2 2
3x 5 x(3
) 9. lim
x
;
3x 5 x 2 2 3x
2. xlim = xlim 6 = xlim = lim

4x 2 6 4 x 2 (1 )
6 10.
4x 2
2 x (1 ) x

4x 2 3x 5 6 x 2 2
3 ;
; 1 3x 2
2
8 11. lim 3 x2 4 ;
x(3 )
x
3x 8
3 x 8 lim x 0;
3. xlim lim ln( x 2 4 x )

2 x 2 5 x x x 2 ( 2 5 ) 12. x ;
ln( x 2 5 x)
x
lim
4. x
x 1 x
3 3
lim
= x
x 3x 2 3x 1 x 3
3
lim
x
3x 2 3x 1
ln(3 2 x 5 2 x )
3x 2 2 x 3x 2 2 x 3x 2 2 x lim
13. x ;
ln(3 5 )
x x
=1
2x 5
1 1 14. lim ;
ln x 2 (1 ) 2 ln x ln(1 ) x x4
ln( x x) lim
2
x x
5. lim = x = lim =
x
ln( x 2 x)
4
2 x 2
ln x 4 (1 3 ) 4 ln x ln(1 3 ) 4x 6
x x 15. lim ;
x
1 9x 2 7
;
2
lim ln(1 4 ) ;
2x
2 x 16.
3 x 1 x
x3
2 3
x x
3 1
6. lim lim ;
x 5 3 2 2
x x x x
5
lim 3 4 ;
3x 3x
3x 5 17.
3 x
25x 45x
7.
5 5
x 2 x 2
2x 5 x x 2
lim lim lim
x
3x 2 9 x 6 x
1 6 x 9 6 3
x2 3 9 2 x 3 2
x x x x

Rezolv singur exerciiile: ..........................

Tem:
4x 6 lim x x ;
3 2
lim 7 x 3x 5 ;
2
1) xlim ; 2 ) 3) 4) lim

5x 2 5x x
2x 2 4 x
4x 2 1 x

2x 4 x 2
;
3x 3 x 2
6 x 3 5 x 11 x3 x2
5) lim ; 6) lim ; 7) lim
x 1 ; 8) lim
x
2x 3 4x 2 6 x 2
2x 5 x x

x2
x 1 ;

lim 4 x 4 x 4 ;
3
x 6x
9) lim ; 10) lim ; 11 ) 12) lim
x x x x
x2 4 9x 2 5 6
x 1
 x2 1
;
x2 1
3x 2 2x 8 ln( x 3 3 x )
13) lim 14) xlim lim
; 15) x ; 16) lim
x
4x 2 4
x2 7
5
ln( x 5 x) x

ln(e 3 x 1)
;
ln(e x 1)

7 3
Rspunsuri: 1. 0; 2. ; 3. 4
; 4. ; 5. -3; 6. 0; 7. -1; 8. 1; 9. 1; 10. -2; 11. -4; 12. ; 13. ; 14. 2; 15. 5
;
16. 3.

CAZUL DE NEDETERMINARE
Exerciii rezolvate:
1. xlim
lim
4 x 1 2 x = x
2

4x 2 1 4x 2
2
4x 1 2x
= lim
x
Probleme propuse:

1 5. xlim
x x2 4 x
2 x( 1
1
1)
=0;
6. xlim
x2 2x x

x 3x x 3
2
4x
7. xlim

2 2

2. xlim 9 x 5 3 x = xlim

x 9 x 2 5 3x =
2
x

5x 8. lim x 2 x 4 x 1
x
2

9 x 2 5 9 x 2 = 5 ;
3
= xlim x lim 5 2x
= x 3 x 1 1 3 9. xlim

2 2 x
9 x 2 5 3x
9x 2 x 4
3. xlim
3
x 3 4 x 3 x 3 2 = = xlim

x3 4x x3 2
= lim

3x
2
1

( x 3 4 x) 2 3 ( x 3 4 x) ( x 3 2) 3 ( x 3 2) 2 10.
x 2
3

4x 2
x2 x 4
=0;
x 2
= xlim 8 16 3 4 2 4 4
x 3 3 1 4 (1 2 ) (1 2 ) 3 1 2 4

x 2
x x x x x 11. xlim

ln 3x 2 ln (2 x 1)
5x 2 lim 12. xlim
4. lim x 3

5x 2 2

x 3 x 3 x( x 3)

x ( x 3)
;
2 x 2 3x 2 x 2 5

x 3 x3 x 2 4 x 2 x 2 3x 3

Rezolv singur exerciiile: ....................

Tem:
1. lim
x x 2 1 2x ; 2. xlim

2x x2 3 x ; 3. xlim
x 2 3x x ;
4. lim
x x 2 2x 1 x 2 x 1 ; 5. xlim
3
x3 x 2 1 3 x3 x2 1 ;
6. xlim

x 1 2 x2 x3 ; 7. xlim
x2 x 1 x ;
8. xlim
x 2 x 2 3x 5 ; 9. xlim
x 3 x2 6x 5 ; 10. xlim

2
5x
5 x ;
3

x 1

x
 lim

2x
2
5
;
lim

1 1
; 13. lim
11.
x 1 x 1 x 1
12. x
2 cos x

sin 2 x x 2

x 1
1 1

x x 2 2 x 2 3x 2 ;

14. xlim

ln 4 x 5 ln (4 x 3) ; 15. xlim
ln 2 x 3

6 ln (3x 2 2) ;
Rspunsuri: 1. ; 2. 6; 3. 32 ; 4. 1
2
; 5.
2
3
; 6. 0; 7.
1
2
; 8. 1- 2 ; 9. 0; 10. 0; 11. ; 12. ; 13.
; 14. 0;
15. .

CAZUL DE NEDETERMINARE 1

Exerciii rezolvate:
15 x
3 Exerciii propuse:
1. lim 1 5 x = lim
1
x 0 1 5 x 5 x
x
x 0 x e15 ;

5
6. lim 1 3 x 2 x ;
lim 1 lim x 0

2.
x 3 7 2 x x 3 = x 3
x3 x3
lim
7.
x 2

62 x
2 ( x 3) x 2
1 6 2 x 62 x 1 ;
1 x 3 lim

e x 3
e 2
e2 1

8x
8x 15 7 x 3 x 6 ;
1 1
4 x

3. xlim = xlim
4 x
1 ; 2 x 2 3

1 1 e 2
8. xlim 1 x 1
4 x 4x e2 1 ;
x 2 3x
4. xlim 2 x 2 x 11 2 x 1
= xlim
1

2 x 3x 1
2
9. lim
x 0 1 sin 2 x 6 x ;
x 2 ( 4 x 12 )
10. lim
2 x 2 3 x 1 ( 2 x 2 3 x 1)( 2 x 1)
1 x 0
1 4 x 12 4 x 12
=e
1

1 2 x
1
2 x 2 3x 1 e ;

2
4x tg 2 x
2x x2 4
x2 4 x 2 3
x2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1
2x 4
5. xlim = lim 11. xlim
2x

x 1
2x

2x


= ;
x x 1
2

x2 x 1

2x 3
sin x
4 12. lim sin x x sin x
2x 1 2 2
x 0 ;
lim x x
e x = e2 ; 1
x x 1
2
4x 8x
13. lim
x
x 0 ;
2
Rezolv singur exerciiile: ....................
lim
14.
x 0
x 0
1 tg
1
2
x 3x ;
 1

15. lim 1 sin x x

;
x 0
1 sin x

Tem:
9 x2
2 1 1
1. lim 1 6 x ;2. lim 13 4 x ; 3. xlim 1 ; 4. lim 1 sin 3x 3 x ;
3
x 0 3x x 3 x3 1 x 0
6x 3
2 x 3 x2 2x
lim 1 3x 1 x2 x 1 x x
5. x

2
sin x 2x ; 6. xlim


3x 1
; 7. xlim

2
x x 1
;8. xlim


x x



;

1
lim
1 x e lim 1 x 2 ctg x ; 13*.
1 1
4x 9x
9. lim ; 10. lim
x 2

x 0
2


x 0
2 x 1 cos 2 x ; 11.
x 3 ( x 2) x 3 ; 12. x 0

x3
1 1 1
lim cos x x2 14*.
lim ln(1 x x 2 ... x n ) nx ; 15*. lim(e x x 2 ) 1cos x ;
2

x 0
cos 2 x x 0 x 0

4 1 1 1 4
; 8. ; 9. 6; 10.
Rspunsuri: 1. e 4 ; 2. e 4
; 3. e 2 e ; 4. e ; 5.
e 2
; 6. e 3 3
e 4 ; 7.
e
1
e2 e;
1
11. e 12. e. 13. e 2 ; 14. ; 15. e 4 ;
n

0
CAZUL DE NEDETERMINARE
0

Exerciii rezolvate: Exerciii propuse:

x2 1 ( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1) x2 9
1. xlim
1
= xlim
1 ( x 1)( x 2)
= xlim
1 ( x 2)
= -2; 9. lim ;
x 3x 2
2 x 3
x 2 5x 6
sin 12 x lim sin 12 x x2 4
2. lim
x 0
= x 0
3 3 ; 10 . lim ;
4x 12 x x 2
x3 8
sin 5 x sin 3 x sin 5 x x sin 3 x x
3. lim
x 0 sin x
= lim
x 0
5 3 5 3 2;
11. lim
sin 5 x
;
5x sin x 3 x sin x x 0 sin 6 x
e 3 x 1 lim e 3 x 1 5x 3 3
4. lim = x 0 5x ; 12. lim
x 2
x 0 e 1
5x
3x e 1 5 5
ln ( 1 arcsin x ) ln ( 1 arcsin x ) arcsin x 3x 1 1 sin ( x 2 6 x 8)
5. lim
x 0 sin 3 x
= lim
x 0 arcsin x

x

sin 3 x 3 3 sin ( x 2 5 x 6)
;
x 1 2x 6 x 3

6. lim
x 1 2 x 6 lim
= x 5 = 13. lim e 3 1 ;
x 5 x5 ( x 5) ( x 1 2 x 6 ) x 3 x 27
x5 1 8 7 6 x 5x
x x
lim
x 5 ( x 5) ( x 1 2 x 6 ) 4 ; 14. lim
x 0 4 x 3x
3 x 8 2 x 8 8 1
7. lim = lim 15. lim
x 0 x 0 x ( x 4)(3 ( x 8) 2 x 8 4)
2 3 48 ; x 0
x 4x
2
ln( 1 tg 3 x )
n
x n a lim x a
n n ;
8. lim xa n n n n = 4x
xa xa x a x5 3
16. lim ;
n x 4 5 x 1
1 a
lim
xa n
x n 1 n x n 2 a ... n x a n 2 n a n 1 an
Rezolv singur exerciiile: .................... 17. lim
x 0
sin 3 x sin 4 x
sin 5 x sin 6 x

lim 3 x 2 27
18. x 1 ;
x x
2

2x x2
19. lim ;
x 2
x2 x 2
lim 9
tg 15 x
1
20. x 0
;
30 x
Tem:
lim x x ; 2. lim x 8 x ;3. lim sin 4 x ;4. lim tg 6 x ; 5. lim sin ( 2 x sin 4 x) ;
5 3 4 2
1. x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 tg 3 x x 0
x3 x3 4x 8x 2 2x 2
x 2 4x 3 lim e 8 x 1 ; 8. lim 5 25 ;10. lim
5x x
lim e
sin 3 x
1
6. lim ; 7. ; 9.
x 1
x3 2x 2 2x 1 x 0 e 1 x 0
6x x2
x 2 3x 2 x 1

2x 2
10 x 3
ln ( 1 sin 12 x ) 3 x 27 3 3x x3 e tgx e sin x
11. lim
x 0 ln ( 1 sin 6 x )
; 12. lim ; 13. lim ; 14. lim ;
x 0
x
x 3
x 2 4x 3 x 0 x3
x x ....... x n
2 n
x 7( x 1) 1
7
1 cos x
15. lim ; 16. lim ; 17. lim ;
x 1
x 1 x 1
( x 1) 2
x 0 x2
1 5 1 1 1
Rspunsuri: 1. 1; 2. -2; 3. 2; 4. ; 5. 4; 6. 3; 7. ; 8. ; 9. 25ln5; 10. -12;11. 2; 12. ; 13. 9-27ln3; 14. ;
2 8 2 27 2
( n 1) n 1
15. ;16. 21; 17. ;
2 2