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C11 Mitocondria Dec 2014 PDF
C11 Mitocondria Dec 2014 PDF
MITOCONDRIILE
15.1. Morfologie i
ultrastructur
Numr
1 - Ostreococcus tauri
1500 - Hepatocit
Localizare - n zone cu activitate intens
Fibr muscular
Neuroni
Pancreas
Modelul Palade-Sjstrand
ultrastructura
mitocondriei
Complexul FoF1 al ATP-sintetazei Mecanismul sintezei ATP
Miocard
CSR
Neuron
Hepatocit
Mitocondrii izolate:
conformaia condensat
conformaia
ortodox
15.2. Compozia chimic, procesele metabolice i
enzimele localizate n mitocondrii
Membrana extern:
lipide : proteine = 1 : 1
5% colesterol
permeabil pentru molecule de pn la 6.000 Da (porina)
Membrana intern: 25% lipide; 75% proteine
0% colesterol
cardiolopin (20%)
(difosfatidilglicerol)
impermeabil
complexe proteice transmembranare (60) transport
substane, transportul electronilor, oxidri, sinteza de ATP
- biosinteza ADN,
- biosinteza ARNm,
- biosinteza proteinelor
Acetil-CoA II
Fosforilare
oxidativ
ATP
procese ale metabolismului energetic
Localizarea enzimelor:
n matrice:
PDH
enzimele implicate n -oxidare
enzimele implicate n ciclul citric
enzimele implicate n sinteze de acizi nucleici/proteine
15.3. Organizarea molecular a
lanului respirator
H2 + 1/2O2 H2O
FORMA REDUS FORMA OXIDAT E0 (V)
NAD+ -0.32
NADH + H+
FAD-PROTEIN
FADH2-PROTEIN
UBIQUINON +0.10
UBIQUINON (UQH2)
O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O
15/40
NADHDH : 3 cit. bc1 : 7 cit. a1a3 : 9 cit. c : 50 UQ
15.4. Fosforilarea oxidativ
(aspecte de termodinamic)
50% ATP
50% cldur
3ATP
2ATP
Amital KCN
Rotenon Antimycina A CO
Peter Mitchell
Premiul Nobel pentru chimie (1978)
3,5 220 mV
F1
3 , 3 , 1 , ,
Fo (o = oligomycin)
1 a, 2 b, 10 c
Complexul FoF1 al ATP-sintetazei Mecanismul sintezei ATP
Premiul Nobel pentru chimie (1997) pentru
descoperirea funcionrii ATP sintetazei.
Paul D. Boyer
John E. Walker
Modelul rotaional
al lui Boyer
Halobacterium halobium
Experiena lui Racker i Stoeckenius
ATP-sintetaza Pomp De H+
15.6. Transportul ionilor prin membrana mitocondrial
intern
Glutamate Glutamate
Aspartate Aspartate
etoglutarate etoglutarate
Oxaloacetate
Oxaloacetate
Malate
Malate
NADH
NAD+
NAD+ NADH
CYTOSOL MATRIX
15.7. Biogeneza i originea
evoluionar a
mitocondriei
Genetic and transcription map of human mtDNA. The two internal
circles represent both mtDNA strands with the encoded genes.
External circles represent the RNAs transcribed from the heavy
strand (filled lines) and light strand (open lines). 12S and 16S,
ribosomal RNAs 12S and 16S; ND1 to ND6, subunits 1-6 of
NADH dehydrogenase (complex I); cyt b, cytochrome b subunit of
complex III; CO I, CO II and CO III, subunits of cytochrome c
oxidase (complex IV); ATPase 6 and ATPase 8, subunits of ATP
synthetase (complex V). tRNA genes are indicated by the three
letter code of the corresponding amino acid. H1, H2 and L indicate
transcription initiation points for the H- and L-strand, respectively.
OH and OL represent replication origins for the H- and L-strand,
respectively. Arrows indicate the transcription or replication
direction.
Proteine mitocondriale sintetizate n mitocondrie
LOCALIZARE
PROTEINA