Prof.

Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale

A Ax B
Funcii raionale simple: ,n ; ,n , b 2 4ac 0
x a ax
n n
2
bx c

Integrarea funciilor raionale simple:

1
x a dx ln x a C
1 5 1
Exemple: x 3 dx ln x 3 C ; x 3dx 5 x 3 dx 5ln x 3 C
Exerciii propuse:
1 1 2 9 3
1) dx ; 2) dx ; 3) x 1 dx ; 4) x 11 dx ; 5) x 2 dx
x 1 x 8

x a
n 1
1 1 1
( x a)n dx x a dx n 1
n
C ,n 2
n 1 ( x a) n 1

x 1
2 1
1 1
dx x 1
2
Exemple: x 1 2
dx
2 1
C
x 1
C

x 3
51
7 7 1
dx 7 x 3
5
x 35
dx 7
5 1
C
4 x 3 4
C

Exerciii propuse:
1 1 2 9 3
6)
x 1
3
dx ; 7) x 8 2
dx ; 8) x 1 7
dx ; 9) x 11 3
dx ; 10) x 2 9
dx

b
x
1 1 1 1 1 1
ax 2 bx c dx b 2 dx a b 2 dx a arctg 2a C

a x x 2
2a 4a 2a 4a 2a 2a
1 2a 2ax b 2 2ax b
arctg C arctg C;...unde.. 0
a

1
Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
b
u x x t u x 1
s-a folosit faptul c dac notm 2a i atunci
u x dx dt 1dx dt
1 1 1 1 1 1 t

a b
2

dx
a t 2
dt
a
arctg

C
x 2 4a 2 4a 2 4a 2
2a 4a
1 1 t
arctg C
a
2a 2a
Exemple:
1
x
5 1 1 10 2x 1
x 2 x 3 dx 5 1 2 11 dx 5 11 arctg 112 C 11 arctg 11 C
x
2 4 4 4
b 2 4ac 1 12 11
11

1
x
7 1 7 1 7 1
3x 2 2 x 2 dx 7 2 2 20 dx 3 1 2 3 5 arctg 53 C
3 x x 5
6 4 3
7 3x 1
arctg C
3 5 3 5
b 2 4ac 4 24 20
20
Exerciii propuse:
1 1 3 4
11) 2 dx ; 12) 2 dx ; 13) 2 dx ; 14) 2 dx
x x 1 x x2 2 x 3x 2 5x 2 x 3

1 A B 1 1
x a x b dx x a x b dx A x a dx B x bdx A ln x a B ln x b C

1 A B
s-a folosit descompunerea i pentru a afla A i B folosim metoda
x a x b x a x b
coeficienilor nedeterminai (aducem la acelai numitor i folosim faptul c dac dou fracii egale au
numitorii egali atunci au i numrtorii egali):

2
Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
1 A B
1 A x b B x a 0 x 1 x A B bA aB
x a x b x a x b
1
A B A
A B 0 A B ba
1
bA aB 1 bB aB 1 B B 1
ba
ba
Exemplu:
1 1
4
2 2 1 2 1 1 1
x 1 x 3 dx 2 x 1 x 43 dx 4 x 1dx 4 x 3dx 2 ln x 1 2 ln x 3 C

1 A B
1 A x 3 B x 1 0 x 1 x A B 3 A B
x a x b x 1 x 3
1
A B A
A B 0 A B 4
1
3 A B 1 3B B 1 B B 1
4 4
Exerciii propuse:
1 1 3 6
15) dx ; 16) dx ; 17) dx ; 18) x 3 x 7 dx
x 2 x 3 x 2 x 5 x 4 x 1

1 1 1 A B 1 A 1 B
ax bx c
2
dx
a x x1 x x2
dx
a x x1 x x2
dx
a x x1
dx
a x x2
dx

A B
ln x x1 ln x x2 C
a a
b b
b 2 4ac 0 x1 ; x2 ax 2 bx c a x x1 x x2
2a 2a

3
Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale

Exemplu:

2 1 2 1 1 A B
6 x 2 5 x 1 dx 2 1 1 dx 6 1 1 dx 3 1 1 dx
6 x x x x x x
3 2 3 2 3 2
6x 5x 1 0
2

5 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 1 1
25 24 1 x1 ; x2 6 x 2 5 x 1 6 x x
12 12 3 12 12 2 3 2
1 A B
s-a folosit descompunerea i pentru a afla A i B folosim metoda
x a x b x a x b
coeficienilor nedeterminai:
1 A B

1 1 1 1
x x x 3 x 2 aducem la acelai numitor i folosim faptul c dac dou fracii
3 2

egale au numitorii egali atunci au i numrtorii egali

1 1 A B A B
1 A x B x 1 Ax Bx 0 x 1 x A B
2 3 2 3 2 3
Deci A B 0 A B A B
3) A B A 6
A B B 2) B B
2 3 1 1 1 B 6 B 6
2 3 6
Prin urmare :

1 A B 1 6 6 1 6 1 6 1 1

3 x1 x 1
dx
3 x1 x 1
dx
3 x1
dx
3 x 1
dx 2
1
dx 2
1
dx
x x
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
1 1
2 ln x 2 ln x C
3 2

Exerciii propuse:
1 1 3 4
19) 2 dx ; 20) x dx ; 21) 2x dx ; 22) 5x dx
x 3x 2 2
4x 3 2
3x 2 2
6x 1