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ca nu există modificări mari, fiind suficientă The compaction degree is influenced by the
doar o etapă de compactare (1000 batăi). particle size. At a bigger grain size
În urma determinărilor realizate s-a constatat (1000µm) Gc is bigger compared to smaller
faptul că gradul de compactare este grain sizes (< 250µm) as shown in table
influențat de granulometria particulelor de no.1.
cenușă. L-a granulații mai mari, 1000 µm
gradul de compactare este mai mare în
comparație cu granulațiile mici de sub 250
µm (tabel nr. 1).
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Probele au fost supuse unei dezagregări pe (HNO3: HCl = 1 : 3) were added to the
baie de apă timp de 24 h. A urmat o filtrare, beaker. Then, the beaker was placed on a
iar filtratul s-a analizat la spectrometrul de water bath for 24 hours and after that cooled
absorbţie atomică (AAS). to room temperature. The solution was
filtered and then diluted to volume with
deionized water in a 100 ml volumetric
flask. The element concentrations in the
solutions were determined by inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-
TOF-MS Optimass 9500 GBC, Australia,
2007).
Fe 56,01 9,004
Ni 5,64 0,241
Zn 2,78 4,073
Sn 0,92 0,464
Mn 0,68 -
Cu 0,24 0,095
Pb N.D 0,249
În ceea ce privește compoziţia oxidicǎ (tabel Regarding the oxidic content, ash samples
nr. 4), au fost identificaţi CaO (22,57%), were composed mainly of CaO (22,57%),
SiO2 (15,61%), Al2O3 (7,23), Na2O (3,4%), SiO2 (15,61%), Al2O3 (7,23), Na2O (3,4%),
Fe2O3 (2,6%), TiO2 (2,21%) MgO (1,92%), Fe2O3 (2,6%), TiO2 (2,21%) MgO (1,92%),
K2O (0,8%), restul de 12% fiind reprezentaţi K2O (0,8%) as shown in table 4. Taken
de alţi oxizi, pierderea la calcinare fiind de together, the other oxides made up about
31,7% . Determinarea s-a fǎcut prin metoda 12% of the ash the loss on ignition was
dezagregǎrii alkaline [2]. 31,71%.The oxidic composition of ash was
determined through alkaline decomposition
[2].
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probǎ
Compoziţia oxidicǎ [%]
Al2O3
Fe2O3
Na2O
MgO
TiO2
SiO2
CaO
K2O
cenușǎ
15,61 2,21 7,23 2,6 22,57 1,92 3,4 0,8
Particulele de cenușǎ sunt aglomerate și The ash particles are agglomerated and
de forme neregulate, acest lucru rezultȃnd irregularly shaped because of wastes
datoritǎ compoziţiei deșeurilor (impuritǎţi și containing impurities and complex
diferiţi compuși care determinǎ aglomerarea components that may cause the particles to
la temperaturi ȋnalte). agglomerate at high temperature.
3. UTILIZAREA CENUŞII
REZULTATE DE LA
INCINERAREA DEŞEURILOR 3. THE USE OF ASH GENERATED
FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE
Dupǎ determinarea proprietǎţilor cenușii INCINERATION
și a conţinutului ei, care trebuie sǎ fie lipsit
de compuși sau elemente periculoase se After determining de ash content, which
should be without any dangerous
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prezintǎ ȋn acelasi timp anumite proprietǎţi waste and has special properties that allow
care ii permit utilizarea ca nou material cu it’s use as a new material with multiple
aplicaţii ȋn diferite domenii, pe de altǎ parte. applications.
Ea se prezintă ca un amestec complex de Ash from medical waste incineration is
minerale variate, în care particulele sferice a complex mixture of various minerals.
sunt asociate cu agregate de materiale Spherical particles are common in fly ash,
policristaline, amorfe și sticloase. associated with aggregates of
polycrystalline, amorphous and glassy
Constituenţii majori ai cenuşii sunt Si, material.
Ti, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Al plus oxigen ca şi The major constituents in the ash are Si,
element predominant prezent sub formă de Ti, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Al plus oxygen as the
oxizi. De asemenea sunt prezente şi most prominent element in the form of
elemente de urmă cum ar fi Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, oxides. There are also a large range of trace
Ni, Ag, Sn. Aceste elemente se gǎsesc ȋn elements, including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag,
cantitǎţi mici și nu ridicǎ probleme ȋn Sn, Mn. These elements are present in small
momentul valorificǎrii cenușii. quantities and do not pose major issues
Ea se preteazǎ cu succes la folosirea when it comes to ash use.
pentru fabricarea cimentului și a betonului Ash can successfully be use in the
fǎrǎ influenţe negative asupra produsului manufacture of cement and concrete without
final, ba mai mult ajutǎ la ȋmbunǎtǎţirea having major influences on the final product
unor caracteristici. Dezvoltarea de noi and on the contrary it enhances some
materiale cu cenușă rezultată de la procesul properties.
de incinerare al deșeurilor periculoase oferă The development of new materials
noi perspective științifice și tehnologice containing ash from hazardous waste
datorită proprietăților acestora. Acestea incineration offers new scientific and
rezultă fie datorită dimensiunilor reduse ale technological perspectives due to the
particulelor de cenușă, fie datorită structurii specific physical properties of these
și proprietăților zonelor de contact ale materials. These properties derive eighter
granulelor de cenușă . from their reduced grain size or from the
structure and properties of the grain
Notă boundaries.
Aceastǎ lucrare a beneficiat de suport
financiar prin proiectul" Studii doctorale în Acknowledgements
ştiinţe inginereşti în scopul dezvoltării Paper prepared for the Project "Doctoral
societăţii bazate pe cunoaştere - SIDOC ", studies in engineering science to develop
contract: POSDRU/88/1.5/S/60078, proiect knowledge-based society-SIDOC" Contract
cofinanțat din Fondul Social European prin POSDRU/88/1.5/S/60078
Programul Operațional Sectorial
Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013. References
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