ACIZE CARBOXILICH= com organcicore contin molecu una san m multe grup trivalente -COOH { Fommaa genen ee: ; ed 4 Sunt denumiti sci organic carbosilii. deoarece prin ionizare in api daw teactie acid © NOMENCLATURS 1. Denumie TCPAC sacra sf oe"la mime cls mln can, nas since iC ecto prion 2 on Home ROH its HCOOH CH—CH-CHeCH:COOH CIh=CTH-coolt Ned stonaic Aol met perenae ‘ei propenoic 2. Dupo alté nomenelatur, se aug sufisul “carboxiic la numete be cotesp sn special pt a eelek ciL.COOH GH Coon Cit, =CH-CooHt ‘Acid metncarboslic Acid benzencatboxlic Ackil etencibonilic ‘3. Denumiri comune care corespun origin ales vegetale) sa proprietor lor HCOOH CH.COOH HCCC COOH CH,-(CH,)-COOH Acid fomnio Acidacetic —Acidonalic Aci valerian ei) acetwn—4et) mcr) (valerian) “pce cu cate ramificate sau cu substituent, mmerotaea incepe de la gr. «COOH, cae are oes mai mare proritte * priontatea principalelor erp unctionalescade in endines =COOH > -COOR > -CO-NH:> CN >-CH=0 > -CO. > OH > -NH:> -CH=CH:> -C=C> R HC=C-CHCHS COOH HCC GH GH CH: COOH cacH, OH Br Calls cid 34-dimetil-4-penten-l-oic aid 4-beomo-Seti5-hidroxi-hexanoie Formulasiracturala — [DenumireTUPAC Denumire wnnals | Adi grape HCOOH eid mctancic Acid formic accu catenin, pare at dG 4 (cH-Coou Acid ean, ac metanesebonitic | Acid aetic “nt in componaa Spanair CH.CH,COOH | Acid propane, ae ean | Ac propionic CHACH-COOH | Acid butane ‘Acid Batre Act gras saturatt \inlgrisimi de origine anima) ICH=CHCOOH | Acid 2-propeaoic Acid erie ‘CHACH),COOHT a bate (CHACH=CH-COOH | Acid 2utenei Ac eon esas | CHY(CH.COOH apron [CH=CICH,-COOH | Ac 2eetpmpemsic Acmeteiic | CH{CHs\COOH ac caprilic (CH(CH, COOH a eine HOOC-COOK Acid endo Acid oxic (CH(CH.),COOH se anne HOOC-CH-COOH | Aci propane ‘Acidmalonic | CHACH,) COOH ax misisic HOOC4CH3: ‘id butndiie Acid wovinie | CHY(CH, COOH a pumice HOOC.(CH)) Acid pentndoie Acdgltane | CH,(CH,)\,COOH acsteae c\H.cooH Acbonzoi, ve bomencabonlc. | Acid bens [HCOOH or {Acid L2-Remzendicaboxiie | Acid falc iri deorigne wept) CHACOOM)meto | Acid L3-benzendicaboxihe | Acidizfaic | CHACHS,CH=CHICH} COOH. oleic CH{COOH: pura {Ack L-Denzendicuboxiic Acad terete \CHHCH CH: CHECHICH:}COOH. sc CLASIFICARE s.bupi.arge COU monocatox, dias, poli Dupin Ronan: sna ili, roma IZOMERIE vox ee eaten (x pemtavie sw ac arian oe Bnctlbotnne se aoa ‘dpm ex: ac fac) geomet (e aia ale sail ome) Yeon Sic opi dai Casimeici “de uneime cu ese, conpusthidmaboiich Celt a sano PROPRIETATIFIZICE = soma “#St. de ages: ac* mono sat < Cio $i ac nesat= lichizi iar ac? mono sat>C,,, ac dicarh + aromatici = solizi #PL.- 2ou> Msi cousamilicuca caps ‘5 “acizii nesaturafi cu catene normale av t'fierbere si t'topire mai mici decat ac satura corespunzatori HP OS st! flerbere aii > tflerbere alcool corexp leg? de H dine aii = mai put dct eg de Hine ROH] Ge ac" carboxilici sunt asociayi sub forma de dimeri ciel weg PA. crestecunrat de C ——*tfopie sans > tapi cis (rans formeaz tee cristalin a tab "ae! monocarboxilici eu catenin: ce ew nr par de at de C se opese Tat dest cei 2 ae” invecinagi eu ne impar de © “plac, nesatrai cu eaten normal pl > pe misuraapropicri able leg. de gr -COOH ‘ Solubilitatea » C)-C; sunt miseibill ew apa dat heats: grap funetionale prin Icgde Hz “cei cu Col? sunt practic insobili {Mirosul- ac formic i acti au mis injepitor caractersi, termeni mijlosi au mitosneplicu, ar terme sypetie—inodori O.Gr.-COOH este gr. functionals trivalent panda de C hi 1 Cele 2 gr. dato conjugirit care apare itre c° ncpartcipant ‘individualist, gr. carbon ii pietde eractral nesstra, arden ‘ps fonm dino gr. carbonil (C=O) sna -OFL st de O al gr Ol gi cm ak gr. carbonil, ii pind tea electronica ge.-OH scae, mirindu-s aciditateaGruparea carbonl se reprezinta prin formulele wrmatoare: ‘Dat. structurié plane a gr carboxil tat de Csp)apare.o a Ge inte moleculele de scizi apar punt de H mai pptemice deeit la alcool. De cele. mai multe on Tormeazi dimer i sunt posbii si polimeri inant “punjleinluenjeaz valerie pf, care samt mari ea ale aleoalilor ev seolasi mune deat de © METODE DE OBTINERE A.Merove Oxiparve oot [LOvinc alu superor_R.CH; +0: -R-COOH +10 2 Onidarea alchenclor eu agen oxidant (KMnO,/Hsau Ksen0,/4") J “8% gpa, 42) 4. Osis eloaacallor eoaehenlor ‘Losi alin (KMa0,/ HO)" CHsCHt » s0) — HooC-CooH Oxide lealenin R-CHCH-CHaCH B+ 8[0) » COOH + R-COOH + HOOC-COOH 6. Oxia aren Ince eral nate tags as Ts 7. Oxidatea energied a aloolilor (KMnO./ H’) R-CH:-OH +2[0]-»R-COOH =1k0 ‘dee a, ey Ohman A OF Rea de ower eu ectv Tolls ese flst laobinere oglnlr de agin by Prin oxidarea energicsglucozei cu aid azotic se formeaz acid plucozahave: conform react: -oH ‘OOH + + J B.Merone Hmrousrice 1. Hidroliza derivailor rihalogenati geminal 2 Hide. derivatilor functionali ai ac carboxilic ster, amide, clorir acide, nite anbldride acide $0, R-CEO-R +110" Reon + ROH ° lor in mediu aeid-Sacizicarboxilci si aleool_ i G.Avte:Merone: Dedoculea dn shrucu acid mal tar R-cOONa *HCI-=R¢ COOH Not PROPRIETATICHIMICE o ‘Acizii carboxilici participa la reaeti incare au loc ae nic nao ‘iferte scindivi de covalente. ° ° g @ @ a 8 I, REACTII COMUNE CU ACIZII MINERAL © D ‘Actiunea asupra indicatorilo: ac organic’ schimbi culoareaindictorilor (tumesol, metilorangs) a]Caracterul acid A Polarizarea lgiturit O-H in urmaconjugiri interne det caracterl slab sc, pos i evident cu aut indicatoiloracidocbarci In solu apaas dilate eaboxilic ionizeaz teversibil conf, reaetie: HCOOH@ HCOO" +H;0 CH COOH@ CH}COO’ +H,0 fon formiat ion acct unde: [= conceal mole de eh, Ky constant de aie (se 0m vil wal aid REOOI SH. AE RCO =H,0" @¢ eae onan epen opeenNr ot ia sesent compara grpiie -OM din aol ‘s Sa fol Se “aciditaten compusitor carhoxilic! depinde de - ‘nature substituentilor prctati la eruparea carboxil ter “Aciitatea (va) {cu eaten (grape eu eet respingtor de ¢ rede aide), i feu Tne de gt COOH “Aci aromatic acii a, frnesatrati sunt mai tan dee ac satura “Aside ndings: Aca mineral tar (HCl, HNO. H3$0.)> B-COOH > H.CO,> HS > HCN > ArOH>H,0> KOH Aciit mai sab sunt eliberat din sure lor de ce ae organic ee NaHCO; + CH:COOH —sCH:COONa-+ H:COs (COn#LO) caret aid de soa NaCN + H-COOM -+ H-COONa + HEN Reacfia eu Me renetve (Na K,C3,Mg, 20, AD) nR-COOH + Me —(R-COO)Me +02 Hy [4] Reactia cu oxiat hazel (Ni,0, CaO, MgO, CuO, 603: 2HR-COOH + MexO, > 21(R-COO}¢Me + H:0 [5] Reactia cu bazele (NsOH., KOH, Cu‘OH), My(OH), NH: MR-COOH + Me(OH), + (R-COO).Me + 0 HO [6] Reactia cu sirurite derivate de la acizit mai slabi (NoHCO,, No,CO, NoCN, (NH);S.CH,, ONa,CH,-ON. “acide acs formic dezlocues din sir ac mineral lb cum af ail carbons, chide = Na CH-COONs! + 12H; CuH-ONa + HCOOH —+ H-COONa + CollsOH KOH. cr,cooK* +10 P= NHCO CH,COONAT + CO: + H:0 cHycoon [ERCN cy.coo K+ HN C,AKCOOH+C11,COONs —* C.H.COONA +CH,COOHE CHSONS CH.COONS + HOH coo SCHON cuycooneecaon —-HSO+ |e —e PL es80, ap : coo oon L:Cx__. (CH,COO),Car* +H,0 oxalat de caliciv acid oxalic TL REACTISPECIFICE ACIZHORORGANIET Formarea derivatilor funetionall, Substituirea grupel OH 1 Co So re: Cee ko se ‘acil,-COR I. Redeetertearess eer + se substi 1 at de Hain mole ROM cua Ex: H-CO- (formil), CH;-CO- (acetil), C)Hs-CO- (benzoil). Esterificarea este 0 reac tie de acilare la oxigen, O- 2. R.cu amoniacul = siruri de amonin care lat" se deshidrateaza gi => in prim ene = Siren ita a KO er e sanaas © tsi 4. dead n aed acti a ace => acta devin monomer {Rede formare de cloner $e pag sre = nit ctap amide, apo in prezenga de me — LO pcan. 1 <, mS cre, bd ot i S.R.deadiilea aclor la cetend => anhubie acide "%, * ROTO {cu COOH in pozitii veeine pot forma anhideidecilice, prin intramolecular a unci molee de ap R-COOAg+X—R' > R-COOR’ + AX uni ac dicarboxt 6.R. sirurilor de argint cu derivati halogenati ester 7.R. de decarboxilare aeizilorcatboxi le ob aaleanilor 8, Acidul formic si acidul oxalic prezinti caracter reducitor fade soluia de KMnOy HCOOH + [0] CO;+H;0 HOC - COOH + [0] > 2CO: + H:0) 3