Infinitivul

Formele Infinitivului sunt:

Diateza Activa:
Infinitiv: to ask (a intreba)
Infinitiv Continuu: to be asking (a intreba)
Infinitiv Perfect : to have asked (a fi intrebat)
Infinitiv Perfect Continuu: to have been asking (a fi intrebat)
Diateza Pasiva:
Infinitiv: to be asked (a fi intrebat)
Infinitiv Perfect: to have been asked (a fi fost intrebat)
Infinitivul este folosit:
- pentru a exprima un scop folosind: so as to/ in order to (ca sa), to Infinitiv: e.g.
You are
studying to pass/ so as to pass/ in order to pass the exam. (Tu inveti ca sa treci
examenul.)
- dupa: happy (fericit), glad (bucuros), sorry (scuze), good (bine), delighted
(incantat),
loath (potrivnic), etc. e.g. I am glad to meet you. (Sunt bucuros sa te intalnesc.)
- dupa: would like (mi-ar placea)/ would love (as iubi)/ would prefer (as prefera)
pentru a
arata o preferinta specifica: eg. I would prefer to watch TV tonight. (As prefera sa
ma uit la
televizor diseara.)
- dupa constructii cu too/enough: e.g. I haven’t studied enough to pass this exam.
(Nu am
invatat destul ca sa trec examenul.)/ This is too difficult to do. (Asta este prea dificil
de facut.)
- in constructia: it+be+adjectiv (+ of + substantiv/ pronume): e.g. It was nice of
you to help
me. (A fost dragut din partea ta sa ma ajuti.)
- cu so + adjectiv + as: e.g. Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? (Sunteti
atat de
amabil sa imi spuneti cat este ceasul?)
- cu “only” pentru a arata un rezultat nesatisfacator: e.g. She worked hard only
to realise
her life was passing by. (Ea a muncit din greu doar ca sa-si dea seama ca ii trecea
viata.)
- dupa: be + the first/second/next/last/best (a fi primul/ al doilea/ urmatorul mai
bun): e.g. He was the last to leave. (El a fost ultimul plecat.)
- dupa: to be + superlativ si dupa can't bear (nu pot sa suport): e.g. He is the
best man to
ever cross my path. (El este cel mai bun om pe care l-am intalnit. (lit. care mi-a
trecut in cale)/ I
can't bear to live like that. (Nu pot sa suport sa traiesc asa.)
- in constructia: for + substantiv/pronume + to-Inf.: e.g. This is for you to say.
(Asta este
pentru tine sa spui.)/It’s time for her to go to bed. (E timpul ca ea sa mearga la
culcare.)
- in expresii ca: to be honest (sa fiu onest), to tell you the truth (sa-ti spun
adevarul), to
begin with (sa incep cu), etc.: e.g. To be honest, I don’t like what’s happening
here. (Sa fiu
honest, nu imi place ce se intampla aici.)
- dupa verbele: appear (a aparea), agree (a fi de acord), decide (a decide),
expect (a se
astepta), hope (a spera), plan (a planui), promise (a promite), refuse (a refuza),
prove (a
dovedi), seem (a parea), turn out (a se dovedi) etc. : She appears to be healthy.
(Ea pare sa
fie sanatoasa)/ We were expected to have told a lie. (Se asteptau ca noi sa fi spus
o
minciuna.)
- dupa TO BE TO (trebuie): e.g. She is to arrive tomorrow. (Ea trebuie sa soseasca
maine.)/
She was to have been awarded a prize, but she refused it. (Urma sa i se fi acordat
un premiu,
dar l-a refuzat.) !!! Atentie: was/ were to have + Vb. III/ -ed este o constructie care
la fel ca
Past Continuous si Past Perfect Simple arata o actiune care nu s-a mai facut/
materializat:
e.g. She was to have phoned me, but she forgot.(Urma sa ma sune, dar a uitat.)/
Shew as
phoning me, but she forgot. (Voia sa ma sune, dar a uitat.)/ Sheh ad hoped to
phone me, but
she couldn't. (Sperase sa ma sune, dar nu a putut.)
-in constructia numita Acuzativ + Infinitiv: S + P + Substantiv/pronume in Acuzativ
(me/you/
him/her/ it/ us/ them) + vb. Infinitiv
e.g. I want her to tell a lie. (Vreau ca ea sa spuna o minciuna.)
Aceasta constructie este ceruta de urmatoarele grupe de verbe:
- verbe de perceptie: feel (a simti), hear (a auzi), notice (a observa), observe (a
observa),
perceive (a percepe), see (a vedea), watch (a privi) + Vb. la Infinitiv Scurt
e.g. They watched us clean the room. (Ei ne-au privit cum curatam camera.)
- verbe cauzative: have (a avea), make (a face), set (a lasa/ a pune), force (a
forta), put ( a
pune), let (a lasa) + Vb. la Infinitiv Scurt
e.g. They made him take the exam. (Ei au insistat ca el sa dea examenul - verbe
care exprima dorinta sau intentia: choose (a alege), desire (a dori), intend (a
intentiona), mean (a insemna), wish (a dori), want (a vrea) +Vb. Infinitiv Lung
e.g. They wanted me to be a teacher. (Ei doreau ca eu sa fiu profesor.)
- verbe de gandire: believe (a crede), consider (a considera), expect (a se
astepta),
imagine (a imagina), know (a sti), suppose (a presupune), think (a gandi),
understand (a
intelege), trust (a avea incredere) + Vb. Infinitiv Lung
e.g. They expect her to arrive soon. (Ei se asteapta ca ea sa soseasca in curand.)
- verbe care exprima sentimente: like (a placea), dislike (a displacea), love (a
iubi), prefer
(a prefera), hate (a urai) + Vb. Infinitiv Lung (aceasta constructie arata
sentimente
pentru actiune particulara)
e.g. I dislike him to drive like this. (Imi displace ca el conduce asa.)
!!! Atentie: daca dupa aceste verbe care arata sentimente punem un verb- ing
(Gerund)
atunci aratam un sentiment in general
e.g. I dislike driving. (Imi displace sa conduc - in general)
- verbe care exprima ordine, permisiuni sau cereri: allow (a permite), ask (a
intreba/ a
ruga), command (a comanda), demand (a pretinde), order (a ordona), require
(a cere),
beg (a implora), propose (a propune), urge (a indemna), insist (a insista),
request (a
cere) + Vb. Infinitiv Lung
e.g. She allowed him to go to the party. (Ea i-a permis lui sa mearga la petrecere.)
He demanded them ... the truth. (El a cerut ca ei sa spuna adevarul.)
a) to tell
b) should tell
c) tell
d) telling
!!! Atentie: verbele din ultima grupa pot fi folosite si ca verbe care cer
Subjonctivul dupa
ele, dar atunci ele sunt urmate de THAT + S + Should + Vb. Inf. Scurt/ Verb
Infinitiv Scurt
si nu de un pronume + Verb Infinitiv Lung. Comparati:

He demanded THAT she should arrive early. (El a cerut ca ea sa vina

devreme.) -> Modul Subjonctiv
He demanded HER to arrive early. (El a cerut ca ea sa vina devreme.) ->
Acuzativ +Infinitiv