I.

Passive Voice

Diateza Pasiva in limba engleza se formeaza in acelasi fel ca in limba romana din
verbula fi
(TO BE) care trebuie sa stea la acelasi timp ca verbul din Diateza Activa plus
Participiul
Trecut (Verbul la forma a-III-a sau cu -ed) al verbului de la Diateza Activa. In
acelasi timp se
foloseste ca Subiect gramatical unul dintre complemente (direct sau indirect) iar
subiectul
propozitiei devine complement de agent (subiectul logic care face actiunea) introdus
de BY.
S + TO BE + VB. III/ -ED
She gave me a flower. (me este complement indirect iar a flower este
complement direct)(Ea mi-a dat mie o floare)
I was given a flower (by her). (Mie mi s-a dat o floare de catre ea.)
A flower was given to me (by her). (O floare mi-a fost data mie de catre ea.)
(Pentru ca timpul de la Diateza Activa este la Past Simple, atunci verbul TO BE
trebuie sa
stea tot la Past Simple => WAS in acest caz)
!!!!!! (se prefera sa se puna persoana in fata si nu obiectul, deci daca aveti o grila in
care aveti
atat persoana cat si obiectul pe post de subiect gramatical, alegeti grila cu
persoana ca
subiect)
e.g. They have given Mary a book. (Ei i-au dat lui Mary o carte.)
a) Mary was given a book. (nu este grila a pentru ca to be [care este la Past
Simple aici]
nu este la acelasi timp ca cel de la diateza activa din propozitia data [care este la
Present Perfect Simple])
b) A book has been given to Mary. (nu este aleasa grila b pentru ca subiectul
gramatical
este exprimat printr-un obiect)
c) Mary has been given a book. (este corecta grila c pentru ca persoana (Mary) este
subiectul gramatical iar to be este la acelasi timp ca cel de la Diateza Activa)
d) A book had been given to Mary. (nu este aleasa grila d pentru ca to be [care
este la
Past Perfect Simple aici] nu este la acelasi timp ca cel de la diateza activa din
propozitia
data [care este la Present Perfect Simple])
I ... flowers and he ... a book by our teacher. (la genul acesta de grile trebuie sa
folositi
cunostintele de la timpurile verbului si sa vedeti ce timp la diateza pasiva trebuie
alesa)
Have been given/ was given
b) Have been given/ has been given (ambele timpuri trebuie sa fie la Present Perfect
pentru
ca nu este dat timpul cand actiunile au fost facute))

c) Was given/ was given

d) Had given/ has given
(Mie mi s-au dat flori iar lui i s-a dat o carte de catre profesorul nostru.)
Schimbarea verbului de la Diateza Activa la Diateza Pasiva se face dupa cum
urmeaza:
Present Simple: She washes her car every week. (Ea isi spala masina in fiecare
saptamana.) =>
The car is washed (by her) every week. (Masina este spalata in fiecare
saptamana.)
(!!Atentie: complementul de agent nu se mai pune atunci cand este exprimat printr-
un pronume
.)
Present Continuous: They are cleaning the room now. (Ei curata camera acum.)
=>
The room is being cleaned (by them) now. (Camera este curatata de
catre ei acum.)
Present Perfect Simple: They have sent for the doctor. (Ei au trimis dupa doctor.)
=>
The doctor has been sent for. (S-a trimis dupa doctor)
!!! Atentie: daca verbul este urmat de o prepozitie atunci aceasta se pastreaza
atunci
cand verbul trece la Diateza Pasiva.

E.g. The doctor has operated on the patient. (Doctorul a operat pacientul.)
a) The patient was operated on. (nu este corecta grila a pentru ca timpul
verbului TO BE
nu este acelasi ca cel al verbului de la Diateza Activa)
b) The patient has been operated. (nu este corecta grila b pentru ca nu are
prepozitiao n
dupa verb)
c) The patient is being operated on. (nu este corecta grila c pentru ca timpul
verbului TO
BE nu este acelasi ca cel al verbului de la Diateza Activa)
d) The patient has been operated on. (Pacientul a fost operat.)
(este corecta grila d pentru ca prepozitia on s-a pastrat si timpul lui TO BE
este acelasi
ca cel al verbului de la Diateza Activa, adica Present Perfect Simple)
Past Simple: He stole a book last week. (El a furat o carte saptamana trecuta.) =>
A book was stolen last week. (O carte a fost furata saptamana trecuta.)
Past Continuous: The police were following him. (Politia il urmarea pe el.) =>
He was being followed (by the police). (El era urmarit de politie.)
Past Perfect Simple: She had bought a house. (Ea cumparase o casa. )=>
A house had been bought. (O casa fusese cumparata.)
E.g. A thief had already taken his money. (Un hot deja ii luase banii.)
a) Who has his money been taken by?
b) Who was his money taken by?
c) Who had his money been taken by? (De catre cine i se luasera banii?)
d) Who had his money been taken? (In intrebari la Diateza Pasiva trebuie sa
avem
prepozitia BY la final)

Future Simple: She will help them. (Ea ii va ajuta pe ei.) =>
They will be helped. (Ei vor fi ajutati.)
Future Perfect Simple: They will have finished their homework by tomorrow. (Ei isi
vor fi
terminat temele pana maine.) =>
The homework will have been finished by tomorrow. (Temele vor fi
fost terminate pana maine.)
Modal Verbs: He must tell the truth. (El trebuie sa spuna adevarul.) =>

The truth must be told. (Adevarul trebuie spus.)

He may have bought the car. (E posibil ca el sa fi cumparat masina.) =>
The car may have been bought. (Masina e posibil sa fi fost cumparata.) (Verbul
Modal
se pastreaza)
Gerund: I hate people telling me what to do. (Urasc ca oamenii sa imi spuna ce sa
fac.) =>
I hate being told what to do (by people). (Urasc sa mi se spuna ce sa fac.)
!! Verbul care cere un Gerund dupa el (de ex. hate, love, like, dislike, etc.) se
pastreaza:
E.g. I love people giving me presents. (Iubesc ca oamenii sa imi dea cadouri)
a) I love to be given presents.
b) I love being given presents. (Iubesc sa mi se dea cadouri)(S-a pastrat verbul
LOVE si
de asemenea TO BE are aceeasi forma ca giving care este un Gerund)
c) I love having been given presents.
d) I love to have been given presents.
TO BE GOING TO/ TO HAVE TO si USED TO urmate de un verb la Infinitiv se
pastreaza
la Diateza Pasiva:
TO BE GOING TO + Vb. Inf. -> TO BE GOING TO + BE + Vb. III/ -ED
She is going to buy me a car. (Ea intentioneaza/ urmeaza sa imi cumpere mie o
masina.) =>

I am going to be bought a car. ( Mie urmeaza sa mi se cumpere o masina.)

TO HAVE TO + Vb. Inf. -> TO HAVE TO + BE + Vb. III/ -ED
He has to deliver a parcel. (El trebuie sa livreze un pachet.) =>
A parcel has to be delivered. (Un pachet trebuie sa fie livrat.

USED TO + Vb. Inf. => USED TO + BE + Vb. III/ -ED

They used to give her flowers. =>
She used to be given flowers.
NEED + TO BE + Vb. III/ -ED = NEED + Vb. -ING
The roof needs to be mended. = The roof needs mending. (Acoperisul are nevoie
sa fie
reparat.)
O propozitie normala cu subiect si predicat se poate contrage punand o
prepozitie
urmata de Vb. -ing. Aceasta la randul ei se poate pune la Diateza Pasiva dupa
cum
urmeaza:
Active Voice Passive Voice
After he bought the book, he left. => After buying the book, he left.=> The book
being bought,
he left.
(Dupa ce a cumparat cartea, el a plecat. => Dupa cumpararea cartii, el a plecat. =>
Cartea
fiind cumparata, el a plecat.)
Active Voice
Passive Voice
He had given the money and then he left. => Having given the money, he left.
=>The money
having been given, he left.
(El a dat banii si pe urma a plecat. => Dand banii, el a plecat. => Banii fiind dati, el a
plecat.)