Gerundul

Gerundul este un verb urmat de terminatia -ing. Formele gerundului sunt:

Diateza Activa:
Indefinite Gerund: Do you mind my smoking ? (Te deranjeaza fumatul meu?/ Te
deranjeaza
daca fumez?)
Perfect Gerund: I regret having said that. (Regret ca am spus asta.)
Diateza Pasiva:
Indefinite Gerund: I look forward to being given more money by my father.
(Astept cu
nerabdare sa mi se dea mai muti bani de catre tatal meu.)
Perfect Gerund: He disliked having been helped by his parents. (I-a displacut
faptul ca a fost
ajutat de parintii lui.)
!!! Atentie: Gerundul se poate traduce si ca substantiv si ca verb deoarece el
poate sa fie
precedat de un adjectiv posesiv sau de un substantiv care arata posesia DAR in
acelasi timp
un gerund este urmat de un adverb ca toate verbele.
e.g. I dislike Tom's driving. (Imi displace condusul lui Tom./ Imi displace cum
conduce Tom.)
I look forward to her coming back. (Astept cu nerabdare intoarcerea ei./ Astept cu
nerabdare ca ea sa se intoarca.)
I regret shouting loudly. (Regret ca am strigat tare.)
I. Gerundul este folosit dupa urmatoarele expresii si verbe:
- to look forward to (a astepta cu nerabdare) + vb. –ing

- in addition to (pe langa asta/ in plus)

e.g. I look forward ... you. (Astept cu nerabdare sa te vad.)
a) to seeing
b) to see
c) seeing
d) to be seen
- to get used to (a se obisnui cu)
- to get accustomed to (a se obisnui cu)
- to be used to (a fi obisnuit cu)
- to be accustomed to (a fi obisnuit cu)
e.g. They are accustomed ... early in the morning. (Ei sunt obisnuiti sa se scoale
devreme dimineata.)
a) waking up
b) to waking up
c) to wake up
d) wake up
They used to ... to work by bus. (Ei obisnuiau sa mearga la lucru cu autobuzul.)
=>
used to + Vb. Inf. = obisnuia sa
a) Go
b) Going
c) Having gone
d) Being gone
They are used to ... to work by bus. (Ei sunt obisnuiti sa mearga la lucru cu
autobuzul.)
=> be used to +Vb.-ing = a fi obisnuit cu
a) Go

b) Going
c) Gone
d) Being gone
- to prevent from (a impiedica sa) e.g. He prevented her from killing herself. (El
a impiedicat-o sa se sinucida.)
- to insist on (a insista)
- to go on (a continua)
- to disapprove of (a dezaproba)
- to approve of (a aproba)
- to accuse of (a acuza de)
- with the aim of (cu scopul)
- with a view to (cu scopul)
- what’s the use of (ce rost are) e.g. What’s the use of studying so much? (Ce
rost
are sa inveti atat de mult?)
- to be afraid of (a-i fi teama de)
- to be prone to (a avea tendinta sa)
- to be mistaken in (a gresi)
- to be wrong in (a nu avea dreptate)
- to have difficulty (in) (a avea dificultati/ probleme sa) e.g. They have difficulty
(in) learning poems. (Ei au dificultate sa invete poezii.)
- there is no point in (nu are rost sa)
- to succeed in (a reusi)
- to take pride in (a se mandri cu)

- to be good at (a fi bun la ceva)

- to be bad at ( a nu fi bun la ceva)
- to be worth (a merita) e.g. This book is really worth reading. (Cartea
chiar merita sa fie citita.)
- to be busy (a fi ocupat)
- can’t stand (nu pot sa suport) e.g. I can’t stand looking at you. (Nu pot sa
suport sa ma uit la tine.)
- can’t help (nu pot sa ma abtin)
- do you fancy (ai chef sa)
- how about (ce-ar fi sa) e.g. How about going in the park tomorrow?
(Ce-ar fi sa mergem in parc maine?)
- what about (ce-ar fi sa)
- it’s no use (nu are rost)
- there is no (nu se poate ...) e.g. There is no telling what will happen. (Nu se
poate spune ce se va intampla.)
- as well as (ca si)
- feel like (a avea chef sa)
- to object to (a obiecta)
- to admit to (a recunoaste/ a admite) e.g. He admitted to stealing her bag.
(El a admis ca i-a furat geanta.)
- to take to doing something (a se apuca de) e.g. My sister has taken to
smoking. (Sora mea s-a apucat de fumat.)

My sister has taken ... to the cinema every weekend. (Sora mea a inceput sa se
duca la
cinema in fiecare weekend.)
a) Going
b) To go
c) To going
d) Go
- have trouble (a avea probleme)
- have a hard time (a-i fi greu sa) e.g. She had a hard time learning at history.
(Ei i-a fost greu sa invete la istorie.)
- have a difficult time (a-i fi greu)
- anticipate (a anticipa)
- appreciate (a aprecia)
- avoid (a evita)
- allow (in general - a permite) e.g. They don’t allow smoking in the public
places.
(Ei nu permit sa se fumeze in locuri publice.)
- consider (a considera) e.g. Would you consider coming for dinner? (Ai lua in
considerare sa vii la cina?)
- continue (a continua)
- delay (a intarzia)
- deny (a nega) e.g. He denied seeing her in town. (El a negat ca a vazut-o in
oras.)
- discuss (a discuta)

- detest (a detesta)
- escape (a scapa)
- excuse (a se scuza) e.g. Please excuse my being late. (Va rog sa ma scuzati ca
am
intarziat.)
- explain (a explica)
- fancy (a avea chef)
- finish (a termina)
- forgive (a ierta) e.g. If you’d forgive my interrupting you, I’d like to say a few
words. (Daca ma iertati ca va intrerup, as vrea sa spun cateva cuvinte.)
- imagine (a-si imagina)
- involve (a implica) e.g. She kept telling him what to do. (Ea a continuat sa ii
spuna ca sa faca.)
- keep (a continua)
- mean (a insemna)
- mention (a mentiona)
- mind (a deranja)
- miss (a-i lipsi/ a-i fi dor)
- need (a avea nevoie) e.g. The roof needs mending. (Acoperisul are nevoie sa
fie
reparat.)
!!! Atentie: need + verb-ing se poate reformula cu o constructie la Diateza
Pasiva la Infinitiv: to be + Vb. III/ -ed
The roof needs mending. (Acoperisul are nevoie de reparatie.) => The roof needs
to be mended. (Acoperisul are nevoiesa fie reparat.)
- pardon (a ierta)
- postpone (a amana) e.g. They postponed paying us a visit last week. (Ei au
amanat sa ne faca o vizita saptamana trecuta.)
- put off (a amana)
- practise (a exersa)
- quit (a renunta)
- recall (a-si aminti)
- recollect (a-si aminti)
- report (a raporta)
- resent (a detesta)
- resist (a rezista)
- risk (a risca) e.g. I would never risk being killed. (Nu as risca niciodata sa fiu
ucis.)
- save (a salva/ a economisi)
- stand (a sta)
- suggest (a sugera)
- spend (a petrece) e.g. You spend too much time sleeping. (Petreci prea mult
timp dormind.)
- understand (a intelege)
- waste (a risipi)
- like (a placea), detest (a detesta), enjoy (a se bucura), dislike (a displacea),
hate
(a uri), love (a iubi), loathe (a dispretui), dread (a-i fi groaza): aceste verbe se
folosesc cu Gerund atunci cand vorbim in general.
e.g. I dislike her to take my clothes for this party. (referire in particular -> Imi
displace
ca ea imi ia hainele pentru petrecerea asta.)
I dislike others/ people/ my sisters/ her taking my clothes. (referire in general ->
Imi displace ca altii/ oamenii/ surorile mele/ ea sa imi ia hainele.)
II. Gerundul se foloseste dupa prepozitii: after (dupa), without (fara), as (ca),
since (din/
de), upon (cand), on (pe/ cand), before (inainte), by + vb. -ing (facand o
actiune), etc.
After his leaving, I called my mother. -> After he left, I called my mother. (Dupa ce
a plecat, am
sunat-o pe mama.)
On seeing that, he laughed. -> When he saw that, he laughed. (Cand a vazut asta,
el a ras.)
After meeting her, I decided to tell her the truth. (Dupa ce am intalnit-o, am decis sa
ii spun
adevarul.)
By studying hard, you will pass the exam. (Studiind din greu, vei trece examenul.)
On hearing the news, she fainted. (Auzind stirile/ cand a auzit stirile, ea a lesinat)
I said that without realising he was present. (Am spus asta fara sa imi dau seama
ca el era
prezent.)
Daca dupa verbele de perceptie (see, hear, watch, etc.) folosim constructia
Acuzativ + Inf.,
atunci inseamna ca toata actiunea a fost vazuta/ auzita, etc.
I saw her cry. (Am vazut-o plangand. - de la inceput pana cand s-a oprit din plans)
Daca dupa verbele de perceptie (see, hear, watch, etc.) folosim un verb -ing,
atunci
inseamna ca doar o parte din actiune a fost vazuta/ auzita, etc.
I saw her crying. (Am vazut-o plangand. - doar o parte din actiune)
I was there and I saw her ... the ring and put it in the bag. (Am fost acolo si am
vazut-o cand a
furat inelul si l-a pus in geanta. - am vazut toata actiunea de a fura)
a) Stealing
b) Steal
c) To steal
d) Stolen