3.

Functii ale Verbelor Modale si expresii/ cuvinte

modale echivalente

Obligation/ Obligatie

- Must (obligatie interna): I must eat less or I’ll gain weight. (Trebuie sa mananc mai
putin sau
o sa ma ingras.)
- Have to (obligatie externa): I have to do my homework or I’ll get a four. (Trebuie sa
imi fac
tema sau o sa iau un 4.)
- Ought to (folosit cand vrem sa spunem ca este lucrul corect de facut, dar nu il
facem
intotdeauna): You ought to help the poor more. (Ar trebui sa ii ajuti pe saraci mai
mult.)
- Had to (past): I had to get more exercise because I was out of shape. (A trebuit sa
fac mai
multa miscare pentru ca nu mai eram in forma.)
e.g. I think I ... her the truth as she is my sister. (Cred ca trebuie sa ii spun
adevarul
pentru ca este sora mea.)
a) have to tell b) must tell c) must have told d) would tell
Necessity/ Necesitate
- Must: I must read this book. (Trebuie sa citesc cartea asta - pentru ca asa
consider eu)
- Have to: I have to read the book for the test. (Trebuie sa citesc cartea pentru test-
sunt
obligat de circumstante externe)
- Need: The flowers need watering/ to be watered./ The flowers needed watering/ to
be
watered. (Florile au nevoie/ aveau nevoie sa fie udate.)
- (Don’t) Doesn’t have to/ doesn’t need to (folosit cand altii spun ca nu e
nevoie)/ needn’t
(folosit cand tu spui ca nu e nevoie):
She doesn’t have to/ doesn’t need to be there at five. (others say so, I just give the
information)(Ea nu trebuie sa fie acolo la 5 - altii spun asta, eu doar dau informatia)
She needen’t be there at five. (I say so, I made the rule/ decision) (Ea nu trebuie sa
fie
acolo la 5 - eu spun asta, eu am facut regula sau am luat decizia)
- Ought to: We ought to reply to her invitation. (Noi trebuie sa raspundem invitatiei
ei.)
- Didn’t have to/ didn’t need to (folosite cand nu era nevoie sa facem ceva si
deci NU AM
FACUT acea actiune): She didn’t have to work on Sunday. (Nu a trebuit sa
munceasca
duminica - si nu a muncit.)
- Needn’t have +vb. III/-ed (folosit cand nu era nevoie sa faci ceva, DAR AM
FACUT acea
actiune): You needn’t have helped me but thank you. (Nu era nevoie sa ma ajuti,
dar
multumesc.)
e.g. You ... to help us, but thank you. (Nu era necesar/ nu era nevoie sa vii sa
ne ajuti,
dar multumesc.)