Participiul si Constructiile Participiale

Aceasta constructie se foloseste dupa:

1. verbele de perceptie: feel (a simti), look at (a privi la), notice (a observa),
observe (a observa), perceive (a percepe), see (a vedea), smell (a mirosi)
e.g. I saw smoke coming through the windows. (Am vazut fum iesind pe ferestre. -> actiune
in
progres - am vazut parte din actiune)
She felt her secret revealed to everybody. (Ea a simtit secretul dezvaluit la toata lumea.)
!!! ATENTIE: daca avem Acuzativ + Participiu Prezent atunci inseamna ca numai o parte
din
actiune este vazuta/ facuta/ auzita, etc.
e.g. I saws moke coming through the windows. (Am vazut fum iesind pe ferestre.
-> actiune in progres - am vazut parte din actiune)
d aca avem Acuzativ + Infinitiv atunci inseamna ca toata actiunea este vazuta/
facuta/ auzita, etc.
e.g. I saw smoke come through the windows. (Am vazut ca a iesit fumul pe
ferestre. -> am vazut toata actiunea, de cand a inceput sa iasa fum pana cand s-a oprit)
2. verbele: find (a gasi), keep (a tine), leave (a pleca), catch (a prinde), send (a
trimite), spot (a repera), discover (a descoperi):
e.g. They caught me eating their ice cream. (Ei m-au prins mancandu-le inghetata.)
He found his clothes worn by his brother. (El a gasit hainele purtate de fratele lui.)
3. verbele cauzative: have, get, set, start
e.g. She will get things going eventually. (Ea va face lucrurile sa mearga in cele din urma.)
I will have her calling you. (Am sa o rog sa te sune.)
You should have your car repaired. ( Ar trebui sa ai masina reparata. - constructie
cauzativa)

I got my finger caught in the door. (Mi-am prins degetul in usa.)

4. verbe care exprima dorinta: wish (a dori), want (a vrea), prefer (a prefera),
like (a placea)
e.g. They wanted her killed. (Ei o voiau pe ea ucisa.)
He prefers her dressed in red. (El o prefera pe ea imbracata in rosu.)
Daca pasivizam aceste forme obtinem constructia numita Nominativ + Participiu:
Pronume/ Substantiv in Nominativ + Verb Diateza pasiva + Participiu Prezent/
Participiu
Trecut
They saw him running down the street. (Ei l-au vazut alergand de-a lungul strazii.) -> He
was
seen running down the street. (El a fost vazut alergand de-a lungul strazii.)
They kept the girls hidden in the basement. (Ei au tinut fetele ascunse la subsol.) -> The
girls
were kept hidden in the basement. (Fetele au fost tinute ascunse la subsol.)
They have caught Tom drinking beer. (Ei l-au prins pe Tom band bere.) -> Tom has been
caught drinking beer. (Tom a fost prins band bere.)
Expresii Participiale:
Subiectul nu este mentionat, dar este acelasi ca cel din propozitia principala:
e.g. Singing loudly, Ramona entered the room . (Cantand tare, Ramona a intrat in camera.)
Being popular, he will win the election for sure. (Fiind popular, el va castiga alegerile cu
siguranta.)
Tired from work, Mary went to bed very early. (Obosita de la munca, Mary s-a dus la
culcare devreme.)
Having read the book, she returned it to the library the next day. (Citind cartea/ Pentru ca
citise cartea, ea a returnat-o la biblioteca ziua urmatoare.)
Disappointed in love, he decided to kill himself. (Dezamagit in dragoste, el a decis sa se
sinucida.)