Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1
Cuprins
Secţiunea I
Rezolvarea reţele geodezice: - trilateraţie
- triangulaţie
- nivelment
Secţiunea a II-a
Dezvoltarea reţelei geodezice printr-un punct, două sau trei puncte
Secţiunea a III-a
Rezolvarea nivelitică a reţelei geodezice
Secţiunea I
A. Introducerea carnetului de teren
B. Determinarea numărului de condiţii
C. Forma ecuaţiilor de erori corespunzătoare condiţiilor geometrice
D. Sistemul ecuaţiilor de erori (determinarea coeficienţilor şi a termenilor liberi)
E. Sistemul normal de ecuaţii (calculul coeficienţilor)
F. Rezolvarea sistemului normal de ecuaţii prin:
1. Schema Gauss
2. Matricial
3. Pe calculator
G. Compensarea mărimilor măsurate
H. Determinarea orientărilor laturilor şi coordonatelor punctelor geodezice
Secţiunea II
A. Determinarea coordonatelor provizorii de puncte nou încadrate
B. Determinarea sistemului ecuaţiilor corespunzătoare direcţiilor măsurate (calculul
coeficienţilor şi a termenilor liberi)
C. Sistemul normal de ecuaţii (determinarea coeficienţilor)
D. Rezolvarea sistemului normal de ecuaţii prin:
1. Clasic
2. Matricial
3. Program pe calculator
E. Determinarea condiţiilor probabile şi a precizărilor
2
Secţiunea III
A. Verificarea nivelmetrică a reţelei geodezice prin:
a) Utilizarea nivelment trigonometric geodezic pentru verificarea reţelei
b) Utilizarea nivelmentului geodezic pentru determinarea punctelor nou
încadrate prin metodele:
1. Metoda poligonaţiei (măs. condiţionate)
2. Metoda nodurilor (măs. indirecte)
3. Metoda aproximărilor succesive
Secţiunea IV
Reprezentarea planimetrică a reţelei de bază
O planşă cu punctul nou încadrat în reţea
O planşă cu reprezentarea nivelitică a reţelei de nivelment
3
Secţiunea I
s AB 1303,3245m
s AP1 1297,5052m
s P1P2 1716,4081m
s P2 E 1155,0639m
s ED 1296,844m
s DC 1306,3841m
s P1B 2282,5847m
s P1P4 2095,2459m
4
s P3 P4 ( x p4 x P3 ) 2 ( y P4 y P3 ) 2 1463127,3 220822,93 1297,6711
s P3 P4 1297,6711m
s P1E 2582,4766m
s P1P3 1489,911m
s P2 P3 1123,2003m
s P3 E 1275,615m
s P3D 1073,9062m
s P4 D 1174 ,7028m
s P4C 1336,61m
s BP4 1319,56m
Calculul unghiurilor
AP1B
p – semiperimetru
1303,3245 1279,5052 2282,584
p p=2432,7069 m
2
1̂
68.99.69 1̂ 137.99.38
2
5
21̂ ( p s AP1 )( p s P1B ) 1153,2018 * 150,1229
tg 0,251,214
2 p( p s AB ) 2747455,5
21̂
15.65.70 21̂ 31.31.40
2
2̂ 30.69.22
1̂ 2̂ 21̂ 200 g
P1BP4
p=2848,6957
4̂ 89.34.58
20̂ 38.61.30
3̂ 4̂ 20̂ 200 g
P1P3P4
19̂ 42.12.24
26̂ 108.02.70
6
19̂ 5̂ 26̂ 200 g
P4CD
7̂ 69.21.96
P=1908,8524
8̂ 58.62.47
9̂ 72.15.57
7̂ 8̂ 9̂ 200 g
P4DP3
6̂ 56.88.24
10̂ 78.14.48
25̂ 64.97.28
P3DE
P=1823,1826
12̂ 54.82.28
7
24̂ ( p s P3E )( p s P3D ) 547,5676 * 749,2764 410279,48
tg
2 p( p s ED ) 1823,1826 * 526,3386 959611,38
24̂ 73.73.22
P1P3E
tg
22 23
( p s P1P3 )( p s P3E )
1184,0903* 1398,3863
1655815,7
2 p ( p s P1E ) 2674,0013 * 91,5247 244737,17
p=2674,0013
13̂ 25.26.20
18̂ 21.47.00
P1P2E
p=2726,9473
14̂ 35.59.64
17̂ 23.23.84
P3EP2
8
(13 14) 60.85.88
p=17776,9396
23̂ 63.49.44
15̂ 75.64.68
P1P2P3
22̂ 89.77.30
b) Condiţia de patrulater
13̂ 14̂ 27̂
w1 1.88.92
9
w1
0,0296754
s"
yE yD 589,876
tgDE 0,547601
x E x D 1074,935
DE
C
31.95.11 cadr.I DE 31.95.11
yC y D 170,174
tgDC 0,1313828
xC x D 1295,253
DC
C
8.31.64 cadr.III DC 208.31.64
abc
P
2
a 1336,6179
b 1174 ,7028
c 1306,384
p 1908,8524
9̂ 72.15.57
sin 9 1 1 1 1
A1 ( )
4 p p a p b p c
sin 9 1 1 1 1
B1 ( )
4 p pa pb pc
sin 9 1 1 1 1
C1 ( )
4 p pa pb pc
10
C1 0,2264(0,00052 0,00174 0,00136 0,00165) 0,00058
v9 0,0009v1.2 0,0004v2.3 0,00058v3.1
11
a 1275,615
b 1296,844
c 1073,906
p 1823,1826
11̂ 71.44.50
v9 v10 v11 w1 0
w2 0,0004
12
A2 0,1326(0,00036 0,00098 0,00063 0,00692) 0,00108
13
III. Condiţia de poligon
22̂ 23̂ 24̂ 25̂ 26̂ 400 g
v22 v23 v24 v25 v26 w3 0
w3 0,000152
14
a 1155,0639
b 1275,615
c 1123,2003
p 1776,9396
23̂ 63.49.44
15
a 1174,7028
b 1297,6711
c 1073,9062
p 1773,1401
25̂ 64.97.28
2̂ 20̂ 5̂ 6̂ 9̂ 0 k=5
v2 v20 v5 v6 v9 w4 0
16
w4 13 98 (2̂ 20̂ 5̂ 6̂ 9̂ k 200)
17
v5 A3 v7.4 B3v4.2 C3v2.7
a 1489,911
b 1297,6711
c 2095,2459
p 2441,4141
5̂ 49.85.06
18
v9 A5 v1.2 B5 v2.3 C5 v3.1
a 1336,6179
b 1174 ,7028
c 1306,3841
p 1908,8524
9̂ 72.15.57
13 CD
y D yC 170,174
tg CD 0,1313828
xD xC 1295,253
CD
C
8.31.64 cadr.I CD
C
CD
98 AB
yB y A 370,297
tg AB 0,2963291
xB x A 1249,614
AB
C
18.34.01 AB 181.65.99
cos BP1
v BP1
( y D y P1
)v 20
19
A1 ( x D x B )v AP1 A2 ( xD xP1 )v BP4 A3 ( x D xP4 )v P1P3 A4 ( xD x P4 )v DP3
[sin BP1 B1 ( xD x B ) B2 ( x D xP1 )]vBP1 [sin P1P4 C 2 ( x D x P1 )
C3 ( x D xP4 )]v P1P4 [sin P4 D B4 ( x D xP4 )v P4 D ] [ B3 ( x D x P4 )
C4 ( xD x P4 )]v P4 P3 ] w6 0
A1 0,0009 B1 0,0008
A2 0,000484 B2 0,0002 C 2 0,00008
A3 0,0007 B3 0,00009 C3 0,0006
A4 0,0009 B4 0,0003 C 4 0,0004
w6 0
0,2086v AP1 0,9751v BP1 0,074v P1P3 0,086v DP3 0,405v BP1 1,965v P1P4
0,1243v P4 D 0,054v P4 P3 0 0
y P4 y P1 839,999
tg P1P4 0,4376148
x P4 x P1 1919,494
PC1P4 26.26.10 P1P4 173.73.90
y P1 y B 440,108
tg BP1 0,1964983
xP1 x B 2239,754
BP 12.35.21
1
y D y P4 1119 ,87
tg P4 D 3,1571603
x D x P4 354,708
P D 80.47.21
4
sin P4 D 0,9533219
cos P4 D 0,3019557
20
A1 ( y D y B )v AP1 A2 ( y D y P1 )v BP4 A3 ( y D y P4 )v P1P4 A4 ( y D y P4 )v DP3
[cos BP1 B1 ( y D y B ) B2 ( y D y P1 )]v BP1 [cos P1P4 C 2 ( y D y P1 )
C3 ( y D y P4 )]v P1P4 [cos P4 D B4 ( y D y P4 )v P4 D ] [ B3 ( y D y P4 )
C 4 ( y D y P4 )]v P4 P3 ] w5 0
2,226v AP1 0,948v BP4 0,869v P1P3 1,012v DP3 2,54v BP1 0,387v P1P4
0,642v P4 D 0,4198v P4 P3 0,00024 0
a b c d e f s
1. 0,0009615 0 0 -0,0009615 0 0 0
2. -0,0011314 0 0,0009889 0,0001427 0,1243199 0,6426201 0,7669402
3. -0,0005818 0 0 -0,0005818 0 0 -0,0011636
4. 0,0010924 0 -0,001394 -0,0003749 -0,054345 0,4198392 0,3648177
5. -0,0009787 0 -0,000789 0,0009043 -0,0861439 -1,0123625 -1,0993702
6. 0,00101646 0,001375 -0,0073686 0 0 0 -0,0049772
7. -0,0006623 0 0,001025 0 0 0 0,0003627
8. 0 0,0011702 -0,0016551 0,0007768 -0,0740228 -0,869915 -0,9436459
9. 0 -0,0021175 0 0 0 0 -0,0021175
10. 0 0,0010847 0,001039 0 0 0 0,0021237
11. 0 0,0010018 0,0009596 0 0 0 0,0019614
12. 0 0,-009332 -0,0008938 0 0 0 -0,001827
13. 0 0 0,0010924 -0,0005322 -1,9658148 -0,3878278 -2,3530824
14. 0 0 0 0,0009276 0,2086803 -2,2262187 -2,0166108
15. 0 0 0 -0,0006119 -0,4055641 2,5403119 2,1341359
16. 0 0 0 0,0005213 0 0 0,0005213
17. 0 0 0 -0,00048402 0,97515564 0,9485766 1,923249
-0,0002839 0,001581 -0,006996 -0,0002736 -1,277734 0,0550238 -1,2286827
0,000006165 0,0000013975 -0,000010037 -0,00000204 -0,00011571 0,00072237 0,006021422
0,0000107948 -0,000009146 0,000000909 -0,0000866 -0,00101797 0,0011006408
0,000065623 -0,000001917 -0,00175824 0,0018655 0,0001518
0,0000045103 0,00091868 -0,00552909 -0,00460859
5,0544965 0,4012575 5,4549122
14,830298 15,227596
20,677553
V
Notaţii
v12=v1 v46=v12 v74=v8
v23=v2 v76=v10 v24=v4
v31=v3 v47=v8 v43=v4
v24=v4 v45=v6 v12=v1
v45=v5 v53=v7 v31=v3
v53=v7 v43=v5 v97=v14
v47=v8 v32=v2 v82=v17
v75=v9 v24=v4 v74=v8
21
v54=v6 v27=v13 v34=v5
v76=v10 v97=v14 v87=v15
v65=v11 v78=v15 v72=v13
v46=v12 v89=v16 v23=v2
v97=v14 v28=v17 v24=v4
v82=v17 v27=v13
v74=v8 v87=v15
v34=v5 v72=v13
v23=v2
v24=v4
Forma redusă a sistemului normal de ecuaţii
0,000006k1+0,0000013k2-0,00001k3—0,000002k4- 0,000115k5+
+0,00072k6+0,0029=0
0,00001k2-0,000009k3+0,0000009k4- 0,00008k5-
-0,001017k6-0,0004=0
0,000065k3-0,0000019k4- 0,001758k5+
+0,00186k6+0,000152=0
0,0000045k4+ 0,000918k5-
-0,005529k6-0,0004=0
5,05469k5+
+0,4012k6-0=0
14,830298k6-0,00024=0
a b c d e f w s
0,00000616 0,00000139 -0,00001003 -0,00000204 -0,0001157 0,00072237 0,029675 0,0302776
-1 -0,2258064 1,6129032 0,3225806 18,66129 -116,5 -4786,35 -4883,4839
0,00001079 -0,0000914 0,0000009 -0,000086 -0,00101797 -0,0004 -0,001506
-0,000000315 0,00000225 0,00000045 0,00002607 -0,0001628 -0,006688 -0,0068246
0,00000104 -0,0000069 0,0000013 -0,0000606 -0,0011807 -0,007088 -0,0083386
-1 6,6346154 -1,25 58,269231 1135,2885 6815,3846 8013,32
0,000065623 -0,000001917 -0,00175824 0,001865523 0,000152 0,0003038
-0,000016189 -0,00000323 -0,0001873 0,00116935 0,0480423 0,0490172
-0,000045779 0,000008625 -0,00040205 -0,00783349 -0,0470261 -0,0552919
0,0000036 0,0000035 -0,0023475 -0,0047986 0,0011682 -0,00597
-1 0,972222 652,0833 1332,944 -324,5 1658,5
0,0000045103 0,00091868 -0,00552909 -0,0004 -0,0050059
-0,0000006587 -0,00003811 0,0002379 0,0097747 0,009973
-0,000001625 0,00007575 0,00147587 0,00886 0,0104173
-0,000003042 0,00228229 0,0046653 -0,0011357 0,00580475
-1 1408 369,56522 7434,3478 9210,9
5,0546965 0,4012575 0 5,455954
22
-0,0021593 0,0134804 0,5538386 0,5650776
-0,003531115 -0,0687984 -0,4130123 -0,4856071
-1,5307656 -3,129087 0,7617637 -3,8933288
4,5596672 1,1968 24,075392 29,828579
8,0779077 -1,5863475 24,97798 31,47
-1 0,1963809 -3,092135 -3,8958
14,830298 -0,0002422 15,22735
-0,0841561 -3,4575191 -3,527682
-1,3404351 -8,0469246 -9,4613269
-6,396267 1,5571457 -7,9584781
0,3141304 6,3191956 7,829265
-0,3115283 4,9052008 6,1800926
7,0120419 1,2768562 8,29
-1 -0,01820947 -1,1822
Corelatele
K6=-0,01820947
K5=-0,003
K4=-20,3508
K3=-0,9511
K2=-0,359
K1=-3,449
Corecţiile
Vi=aik1+bik2+cik3+dik4+lik5+fik6
V1=0,008 V12=0,002 r=6
[vv] 0,000163
V2=0,002 V13=0,004 m0
r 6
V6=-0,004 V15=-0,003
V8=-0,002 V17=0,003
V9=0,002
V11=-0,002
[vv]=0,000163
-[kv]=0,000165
Compensarea mărimilor măsurate
( S CP4 ) SCP4 VCP4 1336,6179 0,008 1336,626
23
( S P1E ) S P1E VP1E 2582,4766 ( 0,002) 2582,4786
b2 c2 a 2
cos
2bc
( S AB ) 2 ( S AP1 ) 2 ( S BP1 ) 2
cos 1̂ 0,5620132
2( S AB )( S AP1 )
1̂ 137.99.46
( S BP1 ) 2 ( S AB ) 2 ( S AP1 ) 2
cos 2̂ 0,8860209
2( S BP1 )( S AB )
2̂ 30.69.17
( S AP1 ) 2 ( S BP1 ) 2 ( S AB ) 2
cos 2̂1 0,8814495
2( S AP1 )( S BP1 )
2̂1 31.31.37
1̂ 2̂ 21̂ 200 g
24
( S BP1 ) 2 ( S P1P4 ) 2 ( S BP4 ) 2
cos 2̂0 0,8216288
2( S BP1 )(S P1P1 )
2̂0 38.61.31
4̂ 89.34.57
3̂ 72.04.12
3̂ 4̂ 20̂ 200 g
19̂ 42.12.21
26̂ 108.02.75
5̂ 49.85.04
( S P3 P4 ) 2 ( S P3 D ) 2 ( S P4 D ) 2 1457300,8
cos 2̂5
2( S P3 P4 )( S P3 D ) 2787139,4
2̂5 64.97.26
25
10̂ 78.14.50
( S P3D ) 2 ( S P4 D ) 2 ( S P3 P4 ) 2 1910589,4
cos 6̂
2( S P4 D )( S P3 P4 ) 3048732,9
6̂ 56.88.24
( S P4 D ) 2 ( S DC ) 2 ( S P4C ) 2 1299980,3
cos 9̂
2( S P4 D )( S DC ) 3069207,6
9̂ 72.15.64
( S DC ) 2 ( S P4C ) 2 ( S P4 D ) 2 2113298
cos 8̂
2( S DC )( S P4C ) 3492293,6
8̂ 58.62.41
( S P4C ) 2 ( S P4 D ) 2 ( S DC ) 2 1459840,1
cos 7̂
2( S P4C )( S P4 D ) 3140257,9
7̂ 69.21.96
7̂ 8̂ 9̂ 200 g
2̂4 73.73.24
12̂ 54.82.30
11̂ 71.44.46
26
24̂ 12̂ 11̂ 200 g
( S P2 P3 ) 2 ( S P2 E ) 2 ( S P3E ) 2 968567,98
cos 15̂
2( S P2 P3 )( S P2 E ) 2594736,4
15̂ 75.64.65
( S P2 E ) 2 ( S P3E ) 2 ( S P4 P3 ) 2 1699768
cos(13 14)
2( S P1E )(S P3E ) 2946819,3
( S P3E ) 2 ( S P2 P3 ) 2 ( S P2 E ) 2 1554598,8
cos 25̂
2( S P2 E )( S P2 P3 ) 2865538,4
25̂ 63.49.44
16̂ 65.51.80
22̂ 89.77.30
27
( S P1E ) 2 ( S P1P2 ) 2 ( S P2 E ) 2 8281077,6
cos 17̂
2( S P1E )( S P1P2 ) 8865164
17̂ 23.23.83
14̂ 35.59.60
18̂ 21.46.96
13̂ 25.26.15
28
yB y A 370,297
tg AB
c
0,2963491
xB x A 1249,614
AB
C
18.34.01 AB 181.65.99
170,174
tg CD CD 8.31.65
1295,253
589,876
tg DE DE 30.06.15
1154,935
BP BA 2̂ 12.35.16
1
P1B BP1 200 g 212.35.16
AP AB 1̂ 43.66.53
1
P1 A AP1 200 g 243.66.53
BP BP 3̂ 84.39.28
4 1
P4 B BP4 200 g 284.39.28
P P P P 26̂ 331.61.64
3 1 3 4
P1P3 P3P1 200 g 131.61.64
P D P P 6̂ 80.47.13
4 4 3
DP4 P4 D 200 g 280.47.13
P C P C 7̂ 149.69.09
4 4
CP4 P4C 200 g 349.69.09
CD CP 8̂ 400 8.31.50
4
DC CD 200 g 208.31.50
DP DP 10̂ 358.61.63
3 4
P3D DP3 200 g 158.61.63
P E P D 24̂ 84.88.39
3 3
EP3 P3E 200 g 284.88.39
DE DP 11̂ 30.06.09
3
ED DE1 200 g 230.06.09
EP EP 13̂ 310.14.54
1 3
P1E EP1 200 g 110.14.54
EP EP 14̂ 345.74.14
2 1
P2 E EP2 200 g 145.74.14
P P P P 16̂ 286.90.59
2 1 2 3
P1P2 P2 P1 200 g 86.90.59
Determinarea coordonatelor punctelor noi
xPI
xB S BP c os BP 4 370,8 30 9
4 4 4
xP
II
xC S CP cos CP 4 37 0,8 132
4 4 4
x III
P 4
xD S DP4
cos DP4
43 70,80 87
yP
I
y B S BP sin BP 8680, 4296
4 4 4
II
yP yC S CP sin CP 8680, 404
sin
4 4 4
III
yP 4
y D S DP4 DP4
8680, 4402
29
y PI4 y PII4 y PII4
y P4 8680,4246m
3
x I
P x A S AP cos AP 62 90,
1 1 1
x II
P1
x B S BP1
co s BP1
62 90,
x III
P1
x P4
S P4 P1
co s P4 P1
62 9
x IV
P1
x E S EP1
co s EP1
62 90
y I
P y A S AP sin AP 7 84 0
1 1 1
y II
P1
y B S BP1
si n BP1
7 84 0
y III
P1
y P4
S P4 P1
si n P4 P1
7 84
y IV
P1
y E S EP1
sin EP1
7 84 0
x P1 6290,305m
y P1 7840,305m
II
x P2 x E S EP2 cos EP2 6640,794
II
y P2 y E S EP2 sin EP2 9520,794
x P2 6640,829m
y P2 9520,656m
x I
P x P S P3 P
co s P1 P
3 1 1
x II
P x P S P3 P
cos P
3 4 4 4
x III
P3
x D S P3 D
cos D
x IV
P3
x E S P3 E
co s EP
x V
x S cos
P3 P2 P3 P2 P2
y I
P y P S P3 P
sin
P1P
3 1 1 3
y II
P y P S P3 P
sin P P
3 4 4 4
y III
P3
y D S P3 D
s in DP
y IV
P3
y E S P3 E
sin EP3
y V
P3
y P2
S P3 P2
sin P2 P
x P3 5580, 417 m
y P3 9150,3499 m
[vv]=0,000163 -[kw]=0,000165
[vv] [vv]
m0 0,0052
r 6
Secţiunea III
Determinarea coordonatelor provizorii ale punctelor noi
S Pm0C 1350,560m
S Pm0 P4 1320,703m
m
S BP0
1322,950m
S Pm0C ( x P0 xC ) 2 ( y P0 yC ) 2 1350,560m
30
S Pm0 P4 ( x P0 x P4 ) 2 ( y P0 y P4 ) 2 1320,703m
m
S BP0
( x P0 xB ) 2 ( y P0 y B ) 2 1322,950m
m1 h1 ( y B y P4 )
x P0 x P4 ( x B x P4 )
P1 B P4 B
m1 h1 ( x B x P4 )
y P0 y P4 ( y B y P4 )
P1 B P4 B
dar m1 şi h1 nu se cunosc
h12 S P24 P0 m12
h12 S BP
2
0
n12
S P24 P0 m12 S BP
2
0
n12
m1 n1 S P4 B
S P24 P0 S BP
2
m1 n1 0
S P4 B
m1 n1 1319,5637m
m1 n1 4,5017m
m1 n1 S P4 B
m1 h1 ( x B x P4 )
y I P0 y P4 ( y B y P4 ) 9320,546m
S P1B S P4 B
Pentru verificare
h22 S P24 P0 m22
31
(m2 n2 )(m2 n2 ) ( S CP
2
0
S P24 P0 )
m1 n1 S CP4
2
S CP S P24 P0
m 2 n2 0
S CP4
m2 n2 133,626m
m2 n2 59,669571m
2m2 1396,2956
m2 698,14779m
h2 2
S CP0
m22 1156,115 m
m2 h2 ( x P4 xC )
y II P0 yC ( y P4 yC ) 8320,554m
SCP4 SCP4
x I P0 x II P0
xP0 3100,101m
2
y I P0 y II P0
y P0 8320,550m
2
Sistemul ecuaţiilor corespunzător direcţiilor măsurate (calculul coeficienţilor şi
termenilor liberi)
( x P0 ) x P0 x P0
( y P0 ) y P0 y P0
32
( S P0 P4 ) S m P0 P4 vP0 P4
( S P0 P4 ) S C P0 P4 S P0 P4
unde
S m P0 P4 vP0 P4 S C P0 P4 S P0P4
S P0 P4 ( S m P0 P4 S C P0 P4 ) v P0 P4
Vom scrie
S C P0 P4 ( xP0 xP 4 ) 2 ( y P0 y P 4 ) 2
S C P0 P4 S P0 P4 ( xP0 xP0 xP 4 ) 2 ( y P0 y P0 y P 4 ) 2
x P0 x P 4 y P0 y P 4
S C P0P4 S P0 P4 S C P0P4 C
x P0 y P0
S P0 P4 S C P0P4
xP0 xP 4 y P0 y P 4
S P0 P4 xP0 y P0
S C P0 P4 S C P0P4
Notăm:
xP0 x P 4
a P0 P4
S C P0 P4
y P0 y P 4
bP0 P4
S C P0 P4
l P0 P4 ( S m P0 P4 S C P0 P4 )
Se formează ecuaţia
a P0 P4 x P0 bP0 P4 y P0 l P0 P4 v P0 P4
a P0 B x P0 bP0 B y P0 l P0 B v P0 B
S C P0 B ( xP0 x B ) 2 ( y P0 y B ) 2 1322,949m
S C P0C ( x P0 xC ) 2 ( y P0 yC ) 2 1350,556m
xP0 xP 4
a P0 P4 0,9621589
S C P0 P4
33
y P0 y P 4
bP0 P4 0,2724892
S C P0 P4
l P0 P4 ( S m P0 P4 S C P0 P4 ) 0,01
x P0 x B
a P0 B 0,7184403
S C P0 B
y P0 y B
bP0 B 0,6955884
S C P0 B
l P0 B ( S m P0B S C P0 B ) 0,001
x P0 xC
a P0C 0,2444733
S C P0C
y P0 yC
bP0C 0,9696562
S C P0C
0,7 184x P0
0,6956 y P0
0,00 1 vP0 B
0, 2445x P0
0,9697 y P0
0,004 vP0C
Nr. crt a b l S
1 -0,9622 -0,2725 -0,01 -1,2447
2 -0,7184 0,6956 -0,001 -0,0238
3 -0,2445 -0,9697 -0,004 -1,2182
[] -1,9251 -0,5466 -0,015 -2,4867
1,5017077 -0,00042789 0,0113184 1,5125982
1,4984337 0,0059082 1,503914
0,000117 0,0173436
34
-1 0,003945053 -1,0039451 0,0001901 0,6673635
0,000117 0,0173436
-0,0000853 -0,0114004
-0,0000233 -0,0059348
0,0000084 -0,0000084
y P0 0,0039m
( y P0 ) y P0 y P0 8320,550,0039 8320,546m
[vv]=[ll*2]00,0000084
[vv ] 0,0000084
m0 0,0028983
nk 3 2
1 R12
Q11 0,6659085
[aa ] [bb 1]
1
Q22 0,6673635
[bb 1]
35
Punct Punct Nr. vizei P0 e
staţie vizat
a b
1 2 3 4 5 6
B P4 1 - - +1
P0 2 -334,72,44 -345,72,38 -1
i
-236,68,59,i -244,46,36.i 0
n1
P4 C 3 - - +3
P0 4 131,34,99 -63,79,01 +1
B 5 - - -4
i
75,83,49,i -36,82,92,i 0
n2
C P0 6 57,07,11 -115,23,99 -4
P4 7 - - +4
i
40,35,54,i -81,48,69 0
n3
P0 B 8 334,72,44 345,72,38 -2
P4 9 -131,34,99 63,79,01 -2
C 10 -57,07,11 115,23,99 +4
i
84,46,83 302,96,67 0
n4
sin BP0
a BP0 334,72,44 a P0 B
S BP0
36
cos BP0
bBP0 345,72,38 bP0 B
S BP0
sin P4 P0
a P4 P0 131,34,99 a P0 P4
S P4 P0
cos P4 P0
bP4 P0 63,79,01 bP0 P4
S P4 P0
sin CP0
aCP0 57,07,11 aP0 C
SCP0
cos CP0
bCP0 115,23,99 bP0 C
SCP0
yP0 yB 920,225
tg C BP0 C BP0 48,97,10
xP0 xB 950,465
BP0 151,02,90
yP4 y P0 359,882
tg C P0 P4 C P0 P4 17,56,96
xP4 xP0 1270,725
P4 P0 217,56,96
yP0 yC 1309,578
tg C P0 C C P0 C 84,27,68
xP0 xC 330,18
CP0 284,27,68
Sistemul de erori
nr a b l S
1. 0 0 1 1
2. -334,724 -345,724 -1 -681,448
3. -236,686i -244,464i 0 -481,15i
4. 0 0 3 3
5. 131,349 -63,790 1 68,559
6. 0 0 -4 -4
7. 75,8349i -36,829i 0 39,0059i
8. 57,071 -115,239 -4 -62,168
9. 0 0 4 4
10. 40,355i -81,487i 0 -41,132i
11. 334,724 345,724 -2 678,448
12. -131,349 63,79 -2 -69,559
13. -57,071 115,239 +4 62,168
14. 84,468 302,967 0 387,435
-36,0281i -59,813i 0 -95,841
37
208834,75 175344,27 -397,245 383781,77
297778,4 384,818 473507,48
84 71,573
Schema Gauss
Simbol a] b] l] S] Q11 Q11
a] 208834,75 175344,27 -397,245 383781,7 -1 0
-1 -0,839631,6 +0,0019022 -1,8377294 +0,0000048 0
b] 297778,4 384,818 473507,48 0 -1
-147224,59 333,53987 -322235,32 0,8416525 0
150553,81 718,35787 151272,16 0,8416525 -1
-1 -0,0047714 -1,0047714 -0,0000056 +0,0000066
84 71,57
-0,7556394 730,02882
-3,4275727 -721,78544
e] 79,81 79,81
y P0 0,0047714m
[vv]=[ll*2]=79,81
[vv] 79,81
m0 3,158
nk 14 6
1 R12
Q11 0,0000095
[ aa ] [bb 1]
1
Q22 0,0000066
[bb 1]
38
39
b)Nivelment geometric geodezic
RN=750,000
h1= 3,160m S1=2Km
h2= 3,150m S2=1Km
h3=6,175m S3=1Km
h4= 1,215m S4=2Km
h5=2,055m S5=1Km
h6= 4,065m S6=2Km
1
Pi Pi 0,5
Si
P2=1
P3=1
P4=0,5
P5=1
P6=0,5
( h1 ) ( h2 ) ( h3 ) 0
( h4 ) ( h5 ) ( h2 ) 0
( h ( h5 ) ( h6 )
3 ) 0
w1=0,135m=13,5cm
40
w2=0,12m=12cm
w3=0,055m=5,5cm
nr 1/p a b c S
1 2 1 0 0 1
2 1 1 -1 0 0
3 1 -1 0 1 0
4 2 0 1 0 1
5 1 0 1 -1 0
6 2 0 0 -1 -1
[] - 1 1 -1 1
4 -1 -1 2
4 -1 2
4 2
bb bc
p k 2 p k 3 w2 0
cc
p k 3 w3 0
K3=-4,199
K2=-4,199*0,333=-4,100=-5,498
K1=0,25*(-5,498)+0,25(-4,199)-3,375=-3,7
1
vi (ai k1 bi k 2 ci k3 )
pi
v1=-7,4cm
v2=1,798cm
41
v3=-0,499cm
v4=-10,996cm
v4=-1,299cm
v6=8,398cm
(h1 ) h1 v1 3,086m
(h2 ) h2 v2 3,132m
(h3 ) h3 v3 6,120m
( h4 ) h4 v4 1,105m
(h5 ) h5 v5 2,042m
(h6 ) h6 v6 4,150m
[kw]=-128,268
[pvv]=128,268
[ pvv]
m0 6,539
3
Q33=+0,6
Q22=0,3
Q11=1,611
m( h6 ) QF3F3 5,065cm
Calculul matricial
1 1 1 0 0 0
B 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 1
42
1 0 0
1 1 0
1 0 1
B'
0 1 0
0 1 1
0 0 1
v1
v2
v 13,5
v 3 w 12
v4 5,5
v
5
v
6
0,5 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
P
0 0 0 0,5 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0,5
3,700
1
1
k ( B ' p B ) w 5,498
4,199
7,4
1,798
0,499
v
10,996
1,299
8,398
43
Cuprins
44
AB ( x A xB ) 2 ( y A y B ) 2 (5290 4420) 2 (6280 7040) 2
AB 1155,205
45
DETERMINAREA NUMĂRULUI DE CONDIŢII GEOMETRICE
2̂ v2 4̂ v4 BC BA 400
v2 v4 w1 0
2̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p ( p a)
p=(1955,632+1155,205+1728,178)/2=2419,507
p-a=463,1875
p-b=1264,302
p-c=691,329
2̂ 92.06.15
46
sin 2̂ 1 1 1 1
A1 ( ) 0,001
4 p pa pb pc
sin 2̂ 1 1 1 1
B1 ( ) 0,0005
4 p pa p b pc
sin 2̂ 1 1 1 1
C1 ( ) 0,0007
4 p pa pb pc
4̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p( p a)
p=(1589,024+1807,097+1728,178)/2=2562,149
p-a=973,125
p-b=755,052
p-c=833,971
4̂ 59.29.27
sin 4̂ 1 1 1 1
A2 ( ) 0,0006
4 p pa p b pc
sin 4̂ 1 1 1 1
B2 ( ) 0,0003 / v BC 0
4 p pa p b p c
sin 4̂ 1 1 1 1
C2 ( ) 0,0002
4 p pa pb pc
w1 2̂ 4̂ ( BC BA )
yC y B 8840 7040
C BC arctg arctg
xC x B 4260 4420
BC 105.64.40
y A yB 6280 7040
C BA arctg arctg
x A xB 5290 4420
BA 354.28.97
w1 92.06.15 59.29.27 105.64.40 354.28.97 400
w1 1
1
v AP5 0,9v BP5 0,6vCP5 0
"
" 63.66.20
47
v AP5 0,9v BP5 0,6vCP5 0,000001571 0
10̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p( p a)
p=(1307,707+1800,694+1954,123)/2=2531,262
p-a=1223,555
p-b=730,568
p-c=577,139
10̂ 45.00.56
sin 10̂ 1 1 1 1
A4 ( ) 0,0006
4 p pa pb pc
sin 10̂ 1 1 1 1
B4 ( ) 0,0001
4 p pa p b pc
sin 10̂ 1 1 1 1
C4 ( ) 0,0003
4 p pa pb pc
11̂ ( p b)( p c )
tg
2 p( p a)
p=(1315,940+1062,190+1954,123)/2=2166,126
p-a=850,186
p-b=1103,936
p-c=212,003
11̂ 43.60.11
sin 11̂ 1 1 1 1
A6 ( ) 0,001
4 p pa pb pc
sin 11̂ 1 1 1 1
B6 ( ) 0,0003
4 p pa pb pc
sin 11̂ 1 1 1 1
C6 ( ) 0,0008
4 p pa p b pc
24̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p( p a )
p=(1920,833+1800,694+1062,190)/2=2391,858
p-a=471,025
p-b=591,164
48
p-c=1329,668
24̂ 88.60.35
sin 24̂ 1 1 1 1
A5 ( ) 0,001
4 p pa p b pc
sin 24̂ 1 1 1 1
B5 ( ) 0,0008
4 p pa pb pc
sin 24̂ 1 1 1 1
C5 ( ) 0,0004
4 p pa p b pc
Ecuaţia de patrulater
v10 v11 v24 w2 0
w"2 32
0,6v P5 P3 0,1v P1P5 0,3v P1P3 v P2 P3 0,3v P1P2 0,8v P1P3 v P2 P5 0,8v P1P5
31
0,4v P1P2 0
"
0,6v P5 P3 0,1v P1P5 0,3v P1P3 v P2 P3 0,3v P1P2 0,8v P1P3 v P2 P5 0,8v P1P5
0,4v P1P2 0,000050256 0
3̂ ( p b)( p c )
tg
2 p( p a)
p=2419,507
p-a=1264,302
p-b=463,875
p-c=691,329
3̂ 39.86.90
sin 3̂ 1 1 1 1
A10 ( ) 0,0005
4 p pa pb pc
sin 3̂ 1 1 1 1
B10 ( ) 0,0002
4 p pa pb pc
sin 3̂ 1 1 1 1
C10 ( ) 0,0001
4 p pa pb pc
6̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p ( p a)
49
p=2562,149
p-a=755,052
p-b=973,125
p-c=833,971
6̂ 73.17.97
sin 6̂ 1 1 1 1
A11 ( ) 0,0007
4 p pa p b pc
sin 6̂ 1 1 1 1
B11 ( ) 0,0003
4 p pa p b pc
sin 6̂ 1 1 1 1
C11 ( ) 0,0004
4 p pa pb pc
9̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p ( p a)
p=2600,742
p-a=788,975
p-b=1011,718
p-c=800,048
9̂ 71.40.37
sin 9̂ 1 1 1 1
A3 ( ) 0,0007
4 p pa p b pc
sin 9̂ 1 1 1 1
B3 ( ) 0,0003
4 p pa pb pc
sin 9̂ 1 1 1 1
C3 ( ) 0,0004
4 p pa p b pc
17̂ ( p b)( p c)
tg
2 p( p a)
p=2391,858
p-a=1329,668
p-b=591,164
p-c=471,025
17̂ 36.62.93
50
sin 17̂ 1 1 1 1
A12 ( ) 0,0005
4 p pa p b pc
sin 17̂ 1 1 1 1
B12 ( ) 0,0001
4 p pa pb pc
sin 17̂ 1 1 1 1
C12 ( ) 0,0002
4 p pa pb pc
16̂ ( p b)( p c )
tg
2 p( p a)
p=2272,240
p-a=956,300
p-b=351,407
p-c=964,533
16̂ 47.89.21
sin 16̂ 1 1 1 1
A7 ( ) 0,0007
4 p pa pb pc
sin 16̂ 1 1 1 1
B7 ( ) 0,0005
4 p pa pb pc
sin 16̂ 1 1 1 1
C7 ( ) 0,00005
4 p pa pb pc
20̂ ( p b)( p c )
tg
2 p( p a)
p=2271,922
p-a=655,476
p-b=964,215
p-c=652,231
20̂ 73.37.29
sin 20̂ 1 1 1 1
A8 ( ) 0,0008
4 p pa pb pc
sin 20̂ 1 1 1 1
B8 ( ) 0,0003
4 p pa p b pc
sin 20̂ 1 1 1 1
C8 ( ) 0,0005
4 p pa pb pc
51
23̂ ( p b)( p c )
tg
2 p ( p a)
p=2584,232
p-a=991,091
p-b=964,541
p-c=628,600
23̂ 57.65.58
sin 23̂ 1 1 1 1
A9 ( ) 0,0006
4 p pa pb pc
sin 23̂ 1 1 1 1
B9 ( ) 0,0001
4 p pa pb pc
sin 23̂ 1 1 1 1
C9 ( ) 0,0004
4 p pa pb pc
0,2v AP5 0,1v BP5 0,3vCP5 0,4v BP5 0,7vCP1 0,3vCP5 0,4v P1P5 0,5v P1P2
0,1v P1P5 0,2v P2 P5 0,7v P2 P3 0,5v P2 P5 0,05v P3P5 0,8v P3 P4 0,3v P3P5 0,5v P4 P5
25
0,6v AP4 0,1v P4 P5 0,4v AP5 0
"
0,2v AP5 0,1v BP5 0,3vCP5 0,4v BP5 0,7vCP1 0,3vCP5 0,4v P1P5 0,5v P1P2
0,1v P1P5 0,2v P2 P5 0,7v P2 P3 0,5v P2 P5 0,05v P3P5 0,8v P3P4 0,3v P3 P5 0,5v P4 P5
0,6v AP4 0,1v P4 P5 0,4v AP5 0,000039240 0
v AP5
0,9v BP 5
0,6vCP 5
0,0 00 00 1 5
0,7 v P1P2
vP2 P3
0,7 v P1P 5
vP 2 P5
0,6
0,7 vCP 1
0,5v P 1P2
0,7 v P 2 P3
0,8v P3 P4
0,5v P 1P5
0,7 v P 2 P5
0, 2 5v P 3 P5
0,6
a1v1 a 2 v2 ... a n vn w1 0
b 1v1 b2 v 2 ... bn v n w2 0
...
c1v1 c2 v2 cn vn w3 0
vCP1 0,7k3
v P1P2 0,7k2+0,5k3
v P2 P3 k2+0,7k3
v P3 P4 0,8k3
52
v AP4 0,6k3
v AP5 k1 -0,6k3
v BP5 -0,9k1 -0,5k3
vCP5 0,6k1 -0,6k3
v P1P5 0,7k2-0,5k3
v P2 P5 -k2-0,7k3
v P3 P5 0,6k2-0,25k3
v P4 P5 -0,6k3
v P1P3 -1,1k2
[aa]k1+[ab]k2+[ac]k3+w1=0
[bb]k2+[bc]k3+w2=0
[cc]k3+w3=0
Nr. [a [b [c [s [aa] [ab] [ac] [aS] [bb] [bc] [bS] [cc] [cS]
crt
1 0 0 0,7 0,7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,49 0,49
2 0 0,7 0,5 1,2 0 0 0 0 0,49 0,35 0,84 0,25 0,6
3 0 1 0,7 1,7 0 0 0 0 1 0,7 1,7 0,49 1,19
4 0 0 0,8 0,8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,64 0,64
5 0 0 0,6 0,6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,36 0,36
6 1 0 -0,6 0,4 1 0 -0,6 0,4 0 0 0 0,36 -0,24
53
2,17k1 -0,51k3-0,000001571=0
4,55k2+1,25k3+0,000050265=0
4,37k3+0,000039240=0
k 3 6416 10 9
[bc 1] [ w 1]
k2 k3 2 0,275(6416 10 9 ) 11047 10 9
[bb 1] [bb 1]
k 2 9283 10 9
[ab] [ac] w
k1 k2 k 3 1 0,235(6416 10 9 ) 724 10 9
[aa] [aa] [aa]
k1 784 10 9
Verificarea corelatelor
w12 [ w 1]2 [ w3 1]
2 [kw]
[aa ] [bb 1] [cc 2]
7,17*10-10=7,17*10-10
Calculul erorilor
vCP1 0,7 k3 0,7(6416 10 9 ) 4491 10 9
54
v P3 P4 0,8k 3 0,8(6416 10 9 ) 5133 10 9
v P2 P5 k 2 0,7k 3 13774 10 9
v P4 P5 0,6k 3 3850 10 9
55
9̂ 71.40.37 v9 1,802 (9) 71.40.37
1571 10 9
w 50265 10 9
39240 10 9
0 0 0 0 0 1 0,9 0,6 0 0 0 0 0
B' 0 0,7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0,7 1 0,6 0 1,1
0,7 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,7 0,25 0,6 0,6
2,17 0 0,51
B' B 0 4,55 1,25
0,51 1,25 4,363
753,7 10 9
k 9293 10 9
6433 10 9
56
4503 10 9
9722 10 9
13800 10 9
5146 10 9
9
3860 10
3106 10 9
v 3809 10 9
3407 10 9
9
3289 10
13800 10 9
3968 10 9
9
3860 10
1022 10 9
57
17̂ 36.62.93 v17 4,643 (17) 36.62.88
xA 5290
A
yA 6280
x ' P5 5710,004
y ' P5 8189,998
x"P5 5710,001
y"P5 8189,998
xC 4260
C
yC 8840
58
Calculul coordonatelor P1
yC y P5 8840 8189,999
C PC arctg arctg
xC x P5 4260 5710,002
PC 26.88.84
C PC =173.17.16
P P P C (9) 173.17.16 71.40.35 101.76.81
5 1 5
Calculul coordonatelor P2
P P P P (17) 65.13.93
5 2 5 1
x P2 x P5 s P2 P5 cos P2 P5
y P2 y P5 s P2 P55 sin P2 P5
Calculul coordonatelor P3
P P P P (16) 17.24.83
5 3 5 2
x ' P3 6970,005
y ' P3 8539,984
P P P P (10) 346.77.36
1 3 1 5
59
x P4 x P5 s P4 P5 cos P4 P5
y P4 y P5 s P4 P5 sin P4 P5
x P4 6739,993
y P4 6939,992
y A y5
sin 5 A
x A x5
x A x5
cos 5 A
s A5
S 5O ' S
x0 x5 ( x A x5 ) O 'O ( y A y5 )
S A5 S A5
S 5O ' S
y0 y5 ( y A y5 ) O 'O ( x A x5 )
S A5 S A5
60
1038,775
x0 5710,002 (5290 5710,002)
S1955,632
443,527
(6280 8189,999)
1955,632
1038,775
y0 8189,999 (6280 8189,999)
S1955,632
443,527
(5290 5710,002)
1955,632
x0 592,550
y0 7080, 449
S m 04 832
S m 05 1129,5
S C 05 ( x0 x5 ) 2 ( y0 y5 ) 2
S C 0 A 1018,976
S C 04 831,399
S C 05 1129,350
x0 x A 5920,550 5290
a0 A 0,619
S C0A 1018,976
y0 y A 7080,449 6280
b0 A 0,786
S C A0 1018,976
x0 x4 5920,550 6739,99
a04 0,986
S C 04 831,399
y0 y4 7080,449 6939,992
b04 0,169
S C 04 831,399
x0 x5 5920,550 5710,002
a05 0,186
S C 05 1129,350
y0 y5 7080,449 8189,999
b05 0,972
S C 05 1129,350
61
l0 A ( S 0mA S 0CA ) 0,476
l04 ( S 04
m
S 04
C
) 0,601
l05 ( S 05
m
S 05
C
) 0,15
[bb]y0 [bl ] 0
1,611y0 0,42 0
a] b] l] S
a] 1,389 0,136 0,859 2,384
-1 - - -
0,098 0,618 1,716
b] 1,611 0,42 2,167
- - -
0,013 0,048 0,233
1,598 0,336 1,934
-1 - -
0,210 1,210
y 0 0,21
x 0 0,098( 0,21) 0,618 0,507
62
2.5. Determinarea coordonatelor punctului P0
( x0 ) x0 x0 5920,550 0,597 5919,953
( x0 ) 5919,953
( y 0 ) 7080,239
D2
C1 -condiţia de curbură
2R
kD 2
C2 -condiţia de sfericitate
2R
k= 0 0,26 k=0,13
R=6380Km
HA=800,000
HB=895,500
D2
C t (1 k )
2R
D2
h AB H B H A i I Dtg (1 k )
2R
latura i I D Ct ∆h’ Ci ∆h H
AP4 1,52 2,53 3,24,95 1593,141 0,173 80,379 0,008 80,387 880,387
AP5 1,55 3,54 -6,95,32 1619,691 0,179 -179,679 0,008 -179,671 700,716
P5P3 1,57 3,62 15,72,48 1307,707 0,116 327,809 0,006 327,815 1028,531
P3P2 1,58 2,74 3,29,54 1315,940 0,118 67,137 0,006 67,143 1095,674
P2P1 1,53 2,53 -7,83,24 1062,190 0,077 -132,269 0,006 -132,263 963,411
P1C 1,54 3,24 4,25,17 1811,767 0,224 119,704 0,009 119,713 1083,124
63
CB 1,56 2,94 -6,54,63 1807,097 0,223 -187,636 0,009 -187,624 895,502
64