Tema B

Nr := 7
Varianta A
Pe un amplasament caracterizat prin stratificatia din figura se cunosc
kN
urmatoarele elemente(vezi profilul tehnologic): γ1 := 17.5
Strat 1. Umplutura neomogena 3
m
Strat 2.Praf argilos plastic consistent
Strat 3.Nisip mijlociu in starea de indesare medie Hu := 1.70m
-stratul 3 are grosime mai mare de 10 m si contine apa subterana.
Se cere proiectarea, pe baza presiunilor conventionale a fundatiei izolate cu bloc kN
din beton simplu si cuzinet din beton armat,pt un stalp avand sectiunea 40x50 cm. γ2 := 19
3
Incarcarile aduse din stalp la nivelul terenului natural (cota+ 0.00) sunt, in m
gruparea fundamentala:
-incarcarea axiala: w := 20%
-incarcarea orizontala:
-momentul: n := 41%

e2 := 0.7
P := 620kN + 25kN⋅ Nr = 795⋅ kN
Ip. := 18%
Hf := 30kN − Nr⋅ kN = 23⋅ kN
Nr
Ic := 0.70 + = 0.77
100
Mf := 15kN⋅ m + Nr⋅ kN⋅ m = 22⋅ kN⋅ m
kN
γ3 := 19.5
Pentru gruparea speciala de actiuni se vor considera : 3
m
Ps := 1.1⋅ P = 874.5⋅ kN

Ms := 1.2⋅ Mf = 26.4⋅ kN⋅ m

Hs := 1.5⋅ Hf = 34.5⋅ kN
Rezolvare
1. Alegerea stratului de fundare:
-adancimea de inghet
Hi := 1.2m
Hi = ( 0.7 .. 1.2)m
Dfi := Hi + 30cm = 1.5 m
Dfi ≥ Hi + 30cm
Dfi ≥ 1.5m
-prezenta unui strat cu capacitate portanta
Dfi ≥ Hu + ( 20...50)cm Hu := 1.7m

Dfcp ≥ Hu + 30cm Dfcp := Hu + 30cm = 2 m

-nivelul apei subterane NHs := −10m

( )
Dfa ≤ Cteren − NHs − 0.3m Cteren := 0.00m
 (
Dfa := Cteren − NHs − 0.3m = 9.7 m )
Df := 2.2m

2. Predimensionarea bazei fundatiei

Pmed ≤ Pconv Pmed ≤ 1.2Pconv
G.s:
G.f : Pmax ≤ 1.4⋅ Pconv
Pmax ≤ 1.2⋅ Pconv
Pmin ≥ 0
Pmin ≥ 0
P + Gf
Pmed ≤ Pconv = Pconv' + cD + cB
L⋅ B
Pconv'
presiunea conventionala de baza stabilita experimental pt fundatii avand
D.f=2m si B=1m
Atunci cand D.f diferit de 2 se aplica corectia de inaltime c.D, iar cand B
diferit de 1 se aplica corectia de latime c.B.

L
Se recomanda : λ= λ = 1.1 .. 1.5 λ := 1.2
Gf = γmed⋅ L⋅ B⋅ Df B

kN
kN γmed := 20
20 ⋅ L⋅ B ⋅ D f 3
m
3
P m
+ = Pconv' + cD + cB
λ⋅ B
2 L⋅ B

Pconv'
se determina prin interpolare.
Valori de baza ale presiunii conventionale de calcul pentru pamanturi cozive.
 Pconv`[kPa]
Denumirea pamantului
Indicele Consistenta
porilor, e Ic = 0.5 Ic = 1.0
Cu plasticitate redusa (Ip?10%) nisip 0.5 300 350
argilos, praf nisipos ,praf. 0.7 275 300
Cu plasticitate mijlocie 0.5 300 350
(10%<Ip?20%):nisip argilos, praf 0.7 275 300
nisipos argilos , praf argilos,argila 1 200 250
prafoasa…
Cu plasticitate mare si foarte 0.5 550 650
mare(Ip>20%):argila nisipoasa, argila 0.6 450 525
prafoasa,argila 0.8 300 250
1.1 225 300

 0.5   275  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.8 = 290
 1   300  
kN
Pconv' := 290
2
m

Corectia de adancime,atunci cand adancimea de fundare depaseste 2 metri,este

data de relatia:
K2 := 2

γ' :=
(
γ 1⋅ H u + γ 2⋅ D f − H u )
= 17.841⋅
kN
Df 3
m
γ' -greutatea volumica medie ponderata in functie de grosimea straturilor situate deasupra
talpii fundatiei.
kN
(
cD := K2⋅ γ' ⋅ Df − 2m = 7.136⋅
2 )
m

P kN
+ 20 ⋅ Df = Pconv' + cD
2 3
λ⋅ B m

P
Bnec := = 1.618 m
( Pconv' + cD − γmed⋅ Df ⋅ 1.2 )
L
λ=
Bnec Lnec := λ⋅ Bnec = 1.941 m
 Obs . Dupa determinarea prin calcul a lungimii si latimii fundatiei,aceste dimensiuni se vor
rotunji la 10 cm.
Cu dimensiunile L si B rotunjite se verifica daca sunt indeplinite conditiile din gruparea
fundamentala si gruparea speciala calculand in prealabil corctia de latime c.B

B := 1.7m
1
Lf := 2m K1 := 0.05⋅
m
Corectia c.B se obtine astfel:

kN
cB := Pconv'⋅ K1⋅ ( B − 1m) = 10.15⋅
2
m

Recalculez: Pconv

P kN
+ 20 ⋅ Df = Pconv' + cD + cB
2 3
λ⋅ B m

P kN
Pconv'calc := + γmed⋅ Df − cD − cB = 255.952⋅
2 2
λ⋅ B m
kN
Pconv := Pconv' + cB + cD = 307.286⋅
2
m
1 ) Gruparea fundamentala:
P kN
Pmed := + Df ⋅ γmed = 277.824⋅
Lf ⋅ B 2
m
Mo := Mf + Hf ⋅ Df = 72.6⋅ kN⋅ m
kN
Pmed ≤ Pconv Pconv = 307.286⋅
1 2 3 2
Wf := ⋅ B⋅ Lf = 1.133⋅ m m
6
Pmax ≤ 1.2⋅ Pconv kN
1.2⋅ Pconv = 368.744⋅
Mo 2
kN m
Pmin := Pmed − = 213.765⋅
Wf 2 Pmin ≥ 0
m

Mo kN
Pmax := Pmed + = 341.882⋅
Wf 2
m
2 ) Gruparea speciala:

Ps kN
Pmeds := + Df ⋅ γmed = 301.206⋅
Lf ⋅ B m
2

Mos := Ms + Hs⋅ Df = 102.3⋅ kN⋅ m

1 2 3
Ws := ⋅ B⋅ Lf = 1.133⋅ m
6
 Mos kN
Pmins := Pmeds − = 210.941⋅ Pmed ≤ 1.2Pconv kN
Ws 2 1.2Pconv = 368.744⋅
m 2
G.s: m
Pmax ≤ 1.4⋅ Pconv
Mos kN kN
Pmaxs := Pmeds + = 391.471⋅ 1.4⋅ Pconv = 430.201⋅
Ws 2 Pmin ≥ 0 2
m m

Dimensionarea pe verticala a fundatiei izolate:

l' = ( 0.4 .. 0.5) ⋅ Lf l' := 0.9m

l' = ( 0.84 .. 1.05) l0 := 0.5m
l' = l0 + 2⋅ c
h
≥1
h ≥ 30cm c

h
≥ 0.25
l' L1 = L2
Lf − l'
L1 + L2 = L2 = L1 + 5cm
2
Toate dimensiunile se rotunjesc la 5 cm pe h.
 l' − l0
c := = 0.2 m
2

h := 0.3m
h
= 1.5
c
h
= 0.333
l'
L1 := 0.3m
Lf − l'
= 0.55 m
2 L2 := 0.3m

Dimensionarea pe verticala a fundatiei izolate:

b = ( 0.4 .. 0.5) ⋅ B
b := 0.7m
b = ( 0.68 .. 0.85)
b0 := 0.4m
b = b0 + 2⋅ d

h
≥1 h
d ≥ 0.25
b

B−b
B1 + B2 =
2

b − b0
d := = 0.15 m
2 B1 := 0.2m
h
=2
d B2 := 0.3m

h
= 0.429
b
B−b
= 0.5 m
2

kN kN kN
γu := 17.5 γbs := 22 γba := 25
3 3 3
m m m
 presiunea maxima Valorile minime ale tgα pentru beton din clasa:
pe teren [kPa] Bc 3.5 Bc 5 Bc 7.5 Bc 10
Pmax?200 1.3 1.2 1.1 1
Pmax=300 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1
Pmax=400 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3
Pmax=600 1.8 1.6

kN
PmaxGS := 384.497
2  300   1.3  
m x := linterp   ,   , 384.497 = 1.469
tan' ( α) := 1.469  400   1.5  
α := atan ( 1.469) = 55.756⋅ deg H1calc := tan ( α) ⋅ L1 = 0.441 m

H1 H2calc := tan ( α) ⋅ L2 = 0.441 m

tan ( α) =
L1 H1 := 0.45m
Calculul lui G.f
H2 := 0.45m

( ) ( )
Vbs := Lf ⋅ B⋅ H2 + l' + 2⋅ L1 ⋅ H1⋅ B − 2⋅ B2 = 2.272⋅ m
3

( ) ( )
Vba := l'⋅ h⋅ b0 + 2⋅ d + l0⋅ b0⋅ Df − h − H1 − H2 = 0.389⋅ m
3

Vu := Lf ⋅ B⋅ Df − ( Vbs + Vba) = 4.819⋅ m

3

Gbs := γbs⋅ Vbs = 49.995⋅ kN

Gba := γba⋅ Vba = 9.725⋅ kN

Gu := γu⋅ Vu = 84.324⋅ kN

Gf := Gbs + Gba + Gu = 144.044⋅ kN

Verificarea presiunilor pe teren luand in calcul greutatea reala a fundatiei. Se vor face cele 6
verificari,introducand greutatea fundamentala din calcul in locul celei aproximate.

1 ) Gruparea fundamentala: Pmed ≤ Pconv

P + Gf Pmax ≤ 1.2⋅ Pconv

kN
PmedG := = 276.189⋅
Lf ⋅ B 2 Pmin ≥ 0
m
kN
Pconv = 307.286⋅
2
Mo m
kN
PminG := PmedG − = 212.131⋅
Wf 2 kN
m 1.2⋅ Pconv = 368.744⋅
2
m
 Mo kN
PmaxG := PmedG + = 340.248⋅
Wf 2
m

2 ) Gruparea speciala:

Ps + G f kN Pmed ≤ 1.2Pconv kN
PmedsG := = 299.572⋅ 1.2Pconv = 368.744⋅
Lf ⋅ B 2
G.s:
2
m m
Pmax ≤ 1.4⋅ Pconv
kN
1.4⋅ Pconv = 430.201⋅
Mos Pmin ≥ 0 2
kN m
PminsG := PmedsG − = 209.307⋅
Ws 2
m

Mos kN
PmaxsG := PmedsG + = 389.836⋅
Ws 2
m

Calculul tasarii terenului de fundare

Etape: 1) Se imparte terenul de fundare de sub talpa fundatiei in straturi elementare de calcul
respectand doua reguli:
a. grosimea unui strat sa fie mai mica decat 0.4B;
b. un strat elementar trebuie sa se gaseasca intr-un singur strat geologic
Obs. Grosimea straturilor se alege mai mica inspre suprafata.
z-adancimea limitei de strat masurata de la nivelul talpii fundatiei.
σzi = α0⋅ Pnet

kN 4 kg
Pnet := PmedG − γ' ⋅ Df = 236.939⋅ γ' = 1.784 × 10
2 2 2
m m ⋅s
σzisup − σziinf
σzimed =
2
σ.zimed -este efortul unitar vertical mediu in stratul elementar "i",calculat cu relatia de mai
sus.
σ.zisup si σ.ziinf sunt efortul unitar la limita superioara si respectiv inferioara a stratului "i".

σzimed⋅ hi
Si =
Ei
hi- grosimea stratului elementar
Ei- modulul de elasticitate al stratului geologic in care se gaseste stratul elementar.

σgzi = σgz ( i − 1) + γi⋅ hi

γi -greutatea volumica a stratului geologic in care se gaseste stratul elementar
kN
γi := 19
3
m
Calculul de tasare se efectueaza pe adancimea zonei active, respectiv,pana la adncimea la care
este indeplinita conditia:

σzi ≤ 0.2⋅ σgzi

 0,6 0,353 0,838 197,99 8000
3 0,6 0,353 0,838 197,99 178,97 0,3 8000
0,9 0,529 0,677 159,95 8000
4 0,9 0,529 0,677 159,95 142,00 0,3 8000
1,2 0,706 0,525 124,04 8000
5 1,2 0,706 0,525 124,04 105,97 0,4 8000
1,6 0,941 0,372 87,89 8000
6 1,6 0,941 0,372 87,89 81,28 0,4 8000
1,8 1,059 0,316 74,66 8000
7 1,8 1,059 0,316 74,66 64,74 0,4 8000
2,2 1,294 0,232 54,81 8000
8 2,2 1,294 0,232 54,81 46,54 0,5 8000
2,7 1,588 0,162 38,28 8000
9 2,7 1,588 0,162 38,28 33,90 0,5 8000
3,2 1,882 0,125 29,53 8000
10 3,2 1,882 0,125 29,53 26,46 0,5 8000
3,7 2,176 0,099 23,39 8000
11 3,7 2,176 0,099 23,39 20,91 0,6 8000
4,3 2,529 0,078 18,43 8000
12 4,3 2,529 0,078 18,43 9,21 0,6 8000

α0 = f  , 
z L
 B
B

 0   1  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.1765 = 0.965
 0.2   0.96  

 0.2   0.96  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.3529 = 0.838
  
0.4 0.8  
 0.4   0.8  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.5294 = 0.677
  
0.6 0.61  

 0.6   0.61  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.706 = 0.525
 0.8   0.45  

 0.8   0.45  
x := linterp   ,  , 0.941 = 0.372
 1   0.34  

    
  1   0.34  
x := linterp   ,  , 1.0589 = 0.316
 1.2   0.26  
 1.2   0.26  
x := linterp   ,  , 1.294 = 0.232
 1.4   0.2  

 1.4   0.2  
x := linterp   ,  , 1.588 = 0.162
 1.6   0.16  

 1.6   0.16  
x := linterp   ,  , 1.883 = 0.125
 2   0.11  
 2   0.11  
x := linterp   ,   , 2.176 = 0.099
 3   0.05  

 2   0.11  
x := linterp   ,   , 2.529 = 0.078
 3   0.05  

 2   0.11  
x := linterp   ,   , 2.882 = 0.057
 3   0.05  

 3   0.05  
x := linterp   ,   , 3.235 = 0.045
 4   0.03  

Calculul terenului de fundare

P'ef ≤ mc⋅ Pcr

m.c- coeficient al conditiei de lucru

mc := 0.9

Ps
P'ef =
L'⋅ B'

L' , B' reprezinta dimensiunile reduse ale talpii fundatiei

L' = Lf − 2⋅ l1

B' = B − 2⋅ l2

l1 , l2 sunt excentritatile rezultantei incarcarii de calcul fata de axa transversala respectiv

longitudinala a fundatiei.

Ms + Hs⋅ Df
l1 := = 0.117 m
Ps

:=
 l2 := 0m

Pcr = γp⋅ B'⋅ Nγ⋅ λγ + q⋅ Nq⋅ λq + c⋅ Nc⋅ λc

γ.p -greutatea volumica a stratului de pamant de sub talpa fundatiei.

kN
γp := 19
3
m

Nγ , Nq , Nc sunt coeficienti de capacitate portanta care depind de valoarea de calcul a

unghiului de frecare ϕ al stratului de pamant de sub talpa fundatiei si se
determina conform tabelului III.10

ϕ1 := 20deg kN
Strat 1 c' := 25
2
kN m
c1 := 10
2
m

ϕ2 := 18deg
Strat 2
kN
c2 := 25
2
m
λγ , λq , λc -coeficienti de forma a talpii fundatiei si se determina conform tabelului
III.10.

c` -valoarea de calcul a coeziunii straturilor de pamant de sub talpa fundatiei

B'
λq , λc = 1 + 0.3⋅
L'
B'
λγ = 1 − 0.4⋅
L'
 15   0.7  
x := linterp   ,   , 18 = 1.36 Nγ := 1.36
 20   1.8  

 15   3.9  
x := linterp   ,   , 18 = 5.4 Nq := 5.4
 20   6.4  

 15   11  
x := linterp   ,  , 18 = 13.28 Nc := 13.28
 20   14.8  
L' := Lf − 2⋅ l1 = 1.766 m

B' := B − 2⋅ l2 = 1.7 m
kN
q := γ' ⋅ Df = 39.25⋅
2
m
 B'
λq := 1 + 0.3⋅ = 1.289
L'
B'
λγ := 1 − 0.4⋅ = 0.615
L'

B'
λc := 1 + 0.3⋅ = 1.289
L'

kN
Pcr := γp⋅ B'⋅ Nγ⋅ λγ + q⋅ Nq⋅ λq + c'⋅ Nc⋅ λc = 728.047⋅
2
m
Ps kN
P'ef := = 291.28⋅
L'⋅ B' 2
m

(
if P'ef ≤ mc⋅ Pcr , "e bn" , "nu e bine" = "e bn" )

Predimensionarea pantei excavatiei fundatiei prin metoda Maslov.

Pentru executia excavatiei utilizam:

- proiectarea excavatiei nesprijinite
-proiectarea excavatiei sprijinite cu dulapi orizontali

1  c 
tan ( β) = ⋅  tan ( ϕ) +
Fs γ⋅ Df  Fs := 1.1
 
F.s -coeficient de siguranta
γ , ϕ , c se obtin ca medii aritmetice ale valorilor dintre cele doua straturi.

γ1 + γ2 kN
γ := = 18.25⋅ Df = 2.2 m
2 3
m
ϕ1 + ϕ2
ϕ := = 19⋅ deg
2
c1 + c2 kN
c'' := = 17.5⋅
2 2
m
1
tan ( β) =
m'

1  c'' 
tanβ := ⋅ tan ( ϕ) + = 0.709
Fs  γ⋅ Df 
 
1
m' := = 1.41 aproximam m`=1.5
tanβ

panta : 1:1,5
Calculul volumului de pamant excavat:
 2. Rcon := 3.3m hcon := Df = 2.2 m
π⋅ Rcon ⋅ hcon 3
Vcon := = 25.089⋅ m
3
( )
Abazei := Lf + 0.5m ⋅ ( B + 0.5m) = 5.5 m
2

( )
3
Vparalelipiped := Lf + 0.5m ⋅ ( B + 0.5m) ⋅ Df = 12.1⋅ m
hprisma := Df = 2.2 m
3
Vprisma := Abazei⋅ hprisma = 12.1⋅ m

3
Vpamant := Vcon + Vparalelipiped + 2Vprisma + 2⋅ Vprisma = 85.589⋅ m

Proiectarea unei sprijiniri simple printr-o sapatura deschisa:

1. Calculul presiunii active

H1' := 0m
2
 ϕ1 
ka1 := tan  45deg −  = 0.49
 2 
q := 10kPa

c1 = 10⋅ kPa

Pentru H=0 m

Pa1 := γ1⋅ H1'⋅ ka1 − 2⋅ c1⋅ ka1 + q⋅ ka1 = −9.101⋅ kPa H2' := 1.7m

Pentru H=1.7 m 2
 ϕ2 
ka2 := tan  45deg −  = 0.528
 2 
Pa2sup := γ1⋅ H2'⋅ ka1 − 2⋅ c1⋅ ka1 + q⋅ ka1 = 5.485⋅ kPa

Pa2inferior := γ1⋅ H2'⋅ ka2 − 2⋅ c2⋅ ka2 + q⋅ ka2 = −15.345⋅ kPa

( )
Pa3inferior := γ1⋅ H2' + γ2⋅ Df − H2'  ⋅ ka2 − 2⋅ c2⋅ ka2 + q⋅ ka2 = −10.33⋅ kPa
 

Diagrama de impingere activa

Calculul dimensiunilor unui dulap

pe lungime
lf1 := Lf − 2⋅ 0.3m = 1.4 m
Lf = 2 m
bd1 := 0.02m
lf ≥ 1.5m
bd = 2...4cm hd1 := 0.2m

hd = 10....40cm kN
σadmisibil := 24000
2
m
Pa := 5.485 kPa

( Pa⋅ hd1⋅ lf12)

8 4
σ1 := = 2.016 × 10 ⋅ kPa
1 2
⋅b ⋅h
6 d1 d1

( )
if σ1 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine"

pe latime

B = 1.7 m
lf ≥ 1.5m lf2 := B − 2⋅ 0.2m = 1.3 m
bd = 2...4cm
bd2 := 0.02m
hd = 10....40cm
hd2 := 0.2m

( Pa⋅ hd2⋅ lf22)

8 4
σ2 := = 1.738 × 10 ⋅ kPa
1 2
⋅ bd2 ⋅ hd2
6

( )
if σ2 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine"

Dimensionarea filatelor:
pe lungime:

2
0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf ⋅ ls
Mfil =
8 ls1 := Df − 2⋅ 0.4m = 1.4 m

M bf1 := 6cm
σ= ≤ σadmisibil
W
hf1 := 8cm
bf = 4...10cm
hf = 4...10cm

2
0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf1⋅ ls1
Mfil1 := = 1.505⋅ kN⋅ m
8
2
bf1⋅ hf1 −5 3
Wfil1 := = 6.4 × 10 ⋅m
6

Mfil1 4 kN
σfil1 := = 2.352 × 10 ⋅
Wfil1 2
m

(
if σfil1 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine" )
pe latime:

2 ls2 := Df − 2⋅ 0.4m = 1.4 m

0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf2⋅ ls2
Mfil2 := = 1.398⋅ kN⋅ m
8 bf2 := 6cm

2 hf2 := 8⋅ cm
bf2⋅ hf2 −5 3
Wfil2 := = 6.4 × 10 ⋅m
6

Mfil2 4 kN
σfil2 := = 2.184 × 10 ⋅
Wfil2 2
m

(
if σfil2 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine" )
Dimensiunarea spraiturilor:
Obs : Spraiturile sunt supuse la eforturi de compresiune.
N = 0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf ⋅ ls

Nsp
σsp = ≤ σadmisibil
ϕsp⋅ Asp

3100
ϕsp =
2 λsp ≥ 75
λsp

2
 λsp  λsp ≤ 75
ϕsp = 1 − 0.8⋅  
 100 
 lsp
λsp = D.sp -diametrul spraitului
0.25⋅ Dsp
D.sp = 4...8cm

Dsp1 := 6⋅ cm
lsp = L − bf − bd
Dimensionarea spraiturilor dupa lungime:
Nsp1 := 0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf1⋅ ls1 = 8.6⋅ kN

lsp1 := Lf − bf1 − bd1 = 1.92 m

2
π⋅ Dsp1 −3 2
Asp1 := = 2.827 × 10 m
4
lsp1
λsp1 := = 128
0.25⋅ Dsp1

3100
ϕsp1 := = 0.189 λsp ≥ 75
2
λsp1

Nsp1 4 kN
σsp1 := = 1.608 × 10 ⋅
ϕsp1⋅ Asp1 m
2

(
if σsp1 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine")
Dimensionarea spraiturilor dupa latime:
Dsp2 := 5cm
Nsp2 := 0.8⋅ Pa⋅ lf2⋅ ls2 = 7.986⋅ kN

lsp2 := B − bf2 − bd2 = 1.62 m

2
π⋅ Dsp2 −3 2
Asp2 := = 1.963 × 10 m
4
lsp2
λsp2 := = 129.6 λsp ≥ 75
0.25⋅ Dsp2

3100
ϕsp2 := = 0.185
2
λsp2

Nsp2 4 kN
σsp2 := = 2.204 × 10 ⋅
ϕsp2⋅ Asp2 2
m

(
if σsp2 ≤ σadmisibil , "e bine" , "nu e bine" = "e bine")
Df = 2.2 m

 3   0.03  
x := linterp   ,   , 3.588 = 0.042
 4   0.05  

 4   0.02  
x := linterp   ,   , 4.059 = 0.021
 5   0.03  