Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Curs 1
SISTEME INTELIGENTE DE
MĂSURARE
Facultatea de Automatică și Calculatoare –
Departamentul de Automatică și Informatică Industrială
Curs 1
Organizare
• Curs
– Miercuri 16-18 Online MS Teams
• Laborator
– Miercuri 14-16 Online MS Teams*
– Miercuri 18-20 Online MS Teams
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 2
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Obiectivul cursului
Prezentarea conceptelor principale de proiectare și a
unor aplicații ale sistemelor inteligente de măsurare în
monitorizarea ambientală, urbană, industrie și energie –
elemente fundamentale ale noilor concepte Internet of
Things (IOT) și Cyberphysical Systems (CPS)
Curs 1
Conținut curs
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 4
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Laborator
Curs 1
Evaluare
100% Nota
50% 50%
Laborator Examen
40%
Activitate
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 6
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Referințe bibliografice
1. Pottie, Gregory J., and William J.
Kaiser. Principles of embedded
networked systems design. Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
2. Dargie, Waltenegus, and Christian
Poellabauer. Fundamentals of wireless
sensor networks: theory and practice.
John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
3. Articole știintifice punctuale pe teme de
interes și documentații tehnice
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 7
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
I. Why Use
Argumente SIM WSNs ?
3
Predictive
Maintenance
High-Confidence
Energy Saving Transport and
Smart Grid Asset Tracking
Improve
Productivity
Intelligent
Buildings
Enable New
Knowledge
Enhanced Safety &
Security
Improve Food
and H2O
Healthcare
Smart Home
Interesting Applications grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro WSN applications – February 2012 8
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 9
Source: ITU NGN-GSI Rapporteur Group Meeting “ Draft Recommendation Y.USN-reqts, "Requirements for support of USN applications
and services in NGN environment," (Geneva, 11-21 September 2007), available at: http://www.itu.int/md/T05-NGN.GSI-DOC-0266/en
(Note: Access restricted to TIES Users).
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Introducere
• Multe exemple de dispozitive care monitorizează sau
controlează procesele fizice de ex. controlere și senzori digitali
în automobile, aparate electrocasnice, fabrici, aeronave,
telefoane celulare, jocuri video și sisteme de monitorizare a
mediului
• Marea majoritate a procesoarelor fabricate acum sunt utilizate
în aplicații încorporate (adică având conexiune la procese
fizice), mai degrabă decât în ceea ce ar fi considerat în mod
obișnuit ca un computer
• Majoritatea sunt conectate în rețea în limitele unui sistem de
control local, de obicei în configurații master / slave
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 10
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Introducere
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 11
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
2
Diagrama unui nod senzorial
Energy Digital
supply signal
processor
and
memory
External Package
comm. Interface
Sensor/
actuator
suite
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 12
Curs 1
Curs 1
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 14
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Curs 1
Node
Node
Gateway
Node
Node Internet
Node
Gateway
Node
LAN Server
Node Node
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 16
Figure 1.2 Generic ENS network architecture.
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Curs 1
Curs 1
Scalabilitate
• Metodele centralizate nu scalează:
– Lumea fizică poate genera cantități nelimitate de date care trebuie
observate, monitorizate și controlate
– Numai resursele finite pot fi puse în infrastructura de telecomunicații fără fir
• Utilizatorul final se confruntă cu supraîncărcare de informații pe
măsură ce numărul senzorilor crește; trebuie să reducă
informațiile undeva
• Soluție: prelucrarea la sursă și transmiterea deciziilor, mai
degrabă decât datele brute
• Reducerea drastică a sarcinii asupra componentelor sistemului
de comunicații, rețelelor și resurselor umane
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 19
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Aspecte de proiectare
Curs 1
Aspecte de proiectare
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 21
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Ierarhizare
Curs 1
Ierarhizare
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 23
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
Great Duck Island – ME, USA [2] translations based on calibration data or threshold filters),
echargeable and dispatches the data according to the application’s needs.
day. Al- Compared with traditional data logging systems, networked
seasons, sensors o↵er two major advantages: they can be retasked in
months. the field and they can easily communicate with the rest of
interest the system. In-situ retasking allows the scientists to refocus
their observations based on the analysis of the initial results.
Suppose that initially we want to collect the absolute tem-
perature readings; however after the initial interpretation
nded en- of the data we might realize that significant temperature
ple solar changes exceeding a defined threshold are most interesting.
cted op- Individual sensor nodes communicate and coordinate with
ar power one another. The sensors will typically form a multihop net-
ow prob- work by forwarding each other’s messages, which vastly ex-
tends connectivity options. If appropriate, the network can
perform in-network aggregation (e.g., reporting the average
temperature across a region). This flexible communication
Figure 1: System architecture for habitat structure monitor-
allows us to produce a network that delivers the Figure 2: Mica Hardware Platform: The Mica sen-
bility to sor node (left) with the Mica Weather Board devel-
ing required data while meeting the energy requirements. We
net. Al- oped for environmental monitoring applications
ach sum- expand on energy efficient communication protocols in Sec-
nce and tion 6. will fit very well with the overall system architec-
which
tion, the timely delivery of fresh sensor datature.
is key.
WeLastly,
Ultimately, data from
deployed theeach sensor needs
CerfCube with ato12dbi
be propagated
omnidirec-
installa- nodal data summaries and periodic health-and-status mon-The this kind of communication, a “custody transfer” model,
totional
the Internet.
2.4GHz propagated
antenna data may
that provided be raw,
a range of filtered,
approxi-
itoring requires timely delivery. similar to SMTP messages or bundles [10], may be applica-
ormately
processed
1000data.
feet. Bringing direct wide area connectivity
ble.
to each
The sensor path is solution
mote-to-mote not feasible – theofequipment
consisted is too
a mote connected
Users interact with the sensor network data in two ways.
picuous. 3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE costly,
to theit requires
base station too much
and a power
mote in and
the the installation
sensor patch. of
Both
Remote users access the replica of the base station database
viors un- allmotes
required
wereequipment
connected istoquite14dbiintrusive
directionalto the habitat.
916MHz YagiIn-
an-
We now describe the system architecture, functionality (in the degenerate case they interact with the database di-
dy areas stead, the The
tennae. wide range
area connectivity
of the Yagi isantennae
brought isto more
a basethan
station,
1200
of individual components and how they operate together. rectly). This approach allows for easy integration with data
data col- adequate
feet. The power and housing
di↵erences for the equipment
between mote and the is provided.
CerfCube
We explain how they address the requirements set forth in analysis and mining tools, while masking the potential wide
e. The base not
include station
onlymay communicate
a di↵erent with the frequency
communication sensor patch and
Section 2. area disconnections with the base stations. Remote control
using
power a wireless local area
requirements, network.
but also software Wireless networks
components. Of are
par-
We developed a tiered architecture. The lowest level con- of the network is also provided through the database inter-
particularly advantageous
ticular interest to network since often each ishabitat
connectivity the MAC involves
layer
sists of the sensor nodes that perform general purpose com- face. Although this control interface is sufficient for remote
monitoring
– the mote’s several
MACparticularly interesting
does not require areas, eachlink
a bidirectional with
like
t is criti- puting and networking in addition to application-specific users, on-site users may often require a more direct interac-
, and re-
its802.11b.
own dedicated sensorthe
Additionally, patch.
mote sends raw data with a small
sensing. The sensor nodes may be deployed in dense patches grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro tion with the network. A small, PDA-sized device, referred 24
Each sensor
packet headerpatch
(four is equipped
bytes) with
directly overa gateway
the radiowhich can
as opposed
able sys- that are widely separated. The sensor nodes transmit their toFigure
as gizmo,4: Thermopile data from aThe
enables such interaction. burrow
gizmo mote on
can di-
ortantly, communicate
to overheadswith imposedthe sensor network
by 802.11b andand provides
TCP/IP connec-
connections. GDI during a 19-day period (July 18, 2002 to Au-
data through the sensor network to the sensor network gate- rectly communicate with the sensor patch, provide the user
hese new tivityFortoone
the week,
transitwe network.
tested theThepacket
transitreception
network may con-
and power gust 5, 2002).
way. The gateway is responsible for transmitting sensor with a fresh set of readings about the environment and mon-
sist of a singleofhop
consumption eachlink or a series
solution. of networked
We discovered that wireless
both sys-
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
30
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 25
Sisteme inteligente
Institut für Beispielsysteme | Forschungsgruppe de măsurare
Systembeispiele
Curs 1
grigore.stamatescu@upb.ro 26