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CH3-CH-CH3 izobutan
I
CH3
Ex. Fm= C6H14 (hexan)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 n hexan CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
izohexan
I
CH3
C=C H
/\/
CH3 C=C CIS, TRANS 2,4 hexadiena
/\
H CH3
CH2 CH I
--CH3
CH2 CH
Alcoolii prezinta izomerie:
De pozitie a gruparii -OH
Ex. Fm= C4H10O
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH 1 butanol
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 2 butanol
I
OH
De catena
Ex. Fm= C4H10O
OH
I
CH3-CH-CH3 alcool tertiar butilic CH-CH-CH alcool izobutilic
III
CH3 OH CH3
Alchinele prezinta izomerie :
De pozitie a legaturii triple
Ex. Fm= C5H8
HC≡C-CH2-CH2-CH3 1 pentina
H3C-C≡C-CH2-CH3 2 pentina
De catena
CH≡C-CH-CH3 3 metil 1 butina
I
CH3
De functiune cu dienele si cicloalchenele
Ex. Fm= C5H8
CH2=C=CH-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3
CH3-CH=C=CH-CH3
CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
CH2=C-CH=CH2
Acizii organici prezinta izomerie de catena si de pozitie a
gruparii -COOH
Ex. Fm= C6H12O2
CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH CH3-CH2-CH-C2H-COOH
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-COOH I
I CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 I I
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH CH3-CH2-C-COOH CH3-C-CH2-COOH
III
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3-CH-CH-COOH
II
CH3 CH3
Esterii prezinta izomerie de catena si de pozitie a gruparii -COOH
Ex. Fm= C4H8O2
H-COOH2C-CH2-CH3 formiat de propil
H-COOHC-CH3 formiat de izopropil
I
CH3
CH3-COOH2C-CH3 acetat de etil
CH3-CH2-COOH3 propionat de metil
Bibliografie: https://www.scritub.com/stiinta/chimie/Izomeria-
compusilor-organici74266.php
Referat realizat de: Draghici Adrian