UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST DIN TIMISOARA Facultatea de Economie si de Administrare a Afacerilor Centrul de Educatie Continua si invatamant la Distanta FEAA ENGLISH Authors: Conf. univ. dr. Judith Moise Lector univ.dr. Daniela Istodor Timisoara, 2012Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Lector dr. Daniela Istodor English A course for students of the first year, First Semester Academic year 2012/2013INTRODUCTION English is truly an international language, it is the language of the European Union, NATO and international business, A knowledge of the English language opens doors to careers throughout the world. This course provides excellent instruction in the basics of the English language, as well as cultural information that is critical to facilitating clear communication. The information presented here is essential for any student wishing to pursue a career in the international job market, and is written in a clear, factual and logical manner. It is an ideal reference for every student wishing to better understand the nuances of the English language. Each unit is devided into two parts: the first part covers a topic connected to everyday life and the second part focuses on grammar. Both parts provide various activities so that students could develop the main skills needed when learning a foreign language: reading, writing and speaking.CONTENTS Introduction UNIT 2. Individual Identity UNIT 4. Education in Britain UNIT 6. Political System in Britain BibliographyUNIT 1. Everyday Life - Homes Objectives After studying this unit students will be able to: + describe their houses using the specific vocabulary + discuss about a traditional English house versus a Romanian one + use the grammar structure correctly in everyday language (The Noun) Lead-in + Where do people spend most of their time? + What is home for you! your family’ + Is home synonym with house? Give reasons.1. Everyday Life - Homes “My home is my castle” is an old English saying which suggests that our home is our universe. This proverb is true for most nations even if expressed in different ways. “There is no place like home” and “Home sweet home”, “Home is where the heart is”. Home is defined as a place of residence where an individual or a family can rest, relax, socialize, take refuge and comfort. While a house or a residential dwelling is often referred to as a home, the concept of home has a much broader connotation than a physical dwelling. Most people think of home in terms of where they grew up, or where they lived, a place that brings back memories, or feelings. Humans are generally creatures of habit, so the state of a person’s home has been known to psychologically influence their behavior, emotions and overall mental health. Therefore some people may become homesick when they leave their home over an extended period of time, A house generally refers to a shelter or building that is a dwelling or place for habitation for humans. However, the word can also be used as a verb- to house- and, due to conversion it ean also be used as an adjective (c.g. house keeper). In some contexts, house may mean the same as dwelling, home, accommodation, housing, lodging and so on, English-speaking people generally call any building they live in, home. Most people leave their houses during the day for work and recreations, but return to them to sleep, eat or rest, ‘An Englishman’s home is his castle? Studies show that British homes are the smallest in Europe, with an average usable floor space of 76 m sq. In general there are three basic types of house that have their own ground-level entry and private open space: ‘+ Single-family detached houses (free standing on all sides); + Semi-detached houses (duplexes, houses that are attached to the other house through a common wall); + Terraced house / row house/ town house (attached to the other houses, possibly in row). In Great Britain 27% of the population live in terraced houses and 32% in semi-detached houses. In the United States 61.4% of people live in detached houses, 5.6% in semi-detached houses, 26% in row houses or apartments and 7% in mobile homes. In Romania most of the population lives inblocks of flats, there is no clear evidence in the records of The National Institute of Statistis. A flat/ apartment is a housing unit that occupies only part of a building. Apartments may be owned by an owner/ occupier, or rented by tenants. The term apartment is favored in North America whereas flat is commonly used in Europe. Apartments can be classified into several types. In the US the typical terms are: studio, efficiency or bachelor style apartment. These all tend to be the smallest apartments with the cheapest rent. They usually consist of a large room which is the living, dining, and bedroom combined. Sometimes there are kitchen facilities as part of this main room and the bathroom is a small separate room. One-bedroom apartments, are those in which the bedroom is separated from the rest of the apartment; then there are two-bedroom, three-bedroom, etc apartments. Houses are usually built from brick, stone and wood, but to a certain extent aluminum and steel have replaced some traditional building materials. Increasingly alternative construction materials include insulating concrete forms (foam forms filled with concrete) structural insulated panels (foam panels with fiber cement). In general people often built houses out of the nearest available materials and often tradition and/or culture govern construction materials, so whole towns areas counties, countries may be built out of one main type of material. For example many American houses use wood, while most British and Romanian houses use stone or brick. More recently, builders have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use computers and finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel-framed homes with resistance to high wind-loads and seismic forces. These newer products provide labor saving, more consistent quality, and accelerated construction processes. Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet the needs of the people who will live in the house. The rooms have specialized functions, they may include a living/eating area, a sleeping area and washing and lavatory areas, Most conventional modern houses will at least contain a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen/ kitchen area, and a living room. The names of parts of a house could typically include: * attic * kitchen * basement / cellar © larder * bathroom (in various senses of the word) © laundry room + bath / shower * library * toilet living room * bedroom (or nursery for small children) © sunroom * dining room storage room / box + Fireplace (for warmth during winter; generally not found room in warmer climates) * office or study front room (in various senses of the phrase) © pantry * garage © workshop + hallway/passage1. Comprehension questions 1. Do you know any English proverbs expressing people’s feelings for their homes? 2. How do you define the term home? 3. What are the three basic types of houses? 4, Can you estimate the percentage of population living in houses or flats in Timisoara? 5. What are the basic rooms in a house? 6. What materials are generally used for building houses? (in Romania and all over the world) Il. Understanding the text: ‘Written language is organized into paragraphs. Most paragraphs have a key sentence that summarizes the content of the whole paragraph. This is called the topic sentence. If you read the topic sentences only, you can often predict the rest. Find the topic sentence for each paragraph and then the main idea of the whole text. TIL. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B Area grounds, proof, testimony County establishment, habitation, lodging, residence Dwelling land, region, territory Evidence income, rental, revenue Habit strength, courage, alloy of iron Homesick generally, as a whole Overall condition, manner, practice Rent region, tract, open space Steel inhabitant, occupant, temporary resident Tenant hanker, nostalgic, longingIV. Find the opposites and then provide synonyms for the following words Accidentally Fail Active Help All Love Ask Noisy Boring Together Cheap True Deep White V. Choose the best answer A 1. We'll eat out today. I don’t want to set the.... table, dining roomy kitchen 2. There is no more room in the house, so we must store some of our things in the. bathroom’ garage 3. After you finish washing the laundry, put them in the. Dryer! bathroom 4, Take the dirty clothes out of the laundry basket and put them in the.... machine. washing/ washer 5. Clothes ....are used to hang clothes. hangers! hangars 6. Women use ironing..... to iron the clothes. board/ border 7. think we need a new..... for our table. ‘Top-cloth/table cloth 8. A table that folds is called a... table. Folding/fold 9. A.... is a chair without arm or back rests. Stand/ stool 10. Mother put my socks in the wrong.Drawer/closet B. 1, We hang our clothes in the... and do not leave them on the floor. Bed/closet/shelf 2. My sister has nice red....that she likes to wear around the house. Blouse/shirt/slippers 3. Dan has not wor... since he was a kid. Ties/shorts/ pyjamas 4, We must wake up very early so we'll set the..... for 5 a.m. Clock/alarm/ring 5. Every morning we must....our bed. Make/ do/ sleep 6. Because it’s going to be a cold night I need an extra... Blanket/pillow/pillow case 7. Apillow...... is something you put on your pillow so it won’t get dirty. Sheet/frame/ case 8. This cellar has no electrical Jacks/ circuit/ outlets 9, We usually have .... $0 the neighbours cannot see everything. Sheets/ curtains/ doors 10, If we want to tum on or off the light, the light.... should be used Switch/switcher/turner Cc 1. The..... of the house are very solid. (roots/ establishment/foundations) 2. The roof..... are made of synthetic materials. (boards/tiles/shingles). 3. Town some. in Banat, (grounds/earth/property), 4, We grew up in a........of Timisoara, (quarter/slum/suburbs) 5. The kitchen was imported from Italy. (boards/ tiles’ furniture). 6. We painted the......... green to mateh the house. (panes/ shutters/ screens). 7. Children who grew up in the are disadvantaged, (suburbs/ slums/ quarters), 8. The archite was impressive. (cabin/ mansion/ studio). 9. The keeps the bugs out when we open the windows. (pane/ screen! shutter). 10, We keep all our stuff in the ............ (duplex/ warehouse’ retail) VI. Thinking carefully (pair work). Finish the following sentences.1. Llive on a street. Itis a beautiful street. There are trees The living room is the first room This room is filled with lively furniture:.... My room is decorated .. Toften dream about, 2. 3 4, 5 6. The enormous window on the southern wall ... 1, 8, 9. The entertaining room is... 10. Ithas a. VIL. Topics for discussion (pair work) * Speak about your house / flat. Describe your room. * Do you prefer traditional/rustic/modem style? * Do you prefer to live in a house or in a spacious flat? * How would you decorate your place? * Ifyou were a billionaire what kind of house would you build and where? VIL. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: place, doors, tiles, refuurnished, shower, room, room, hard, near, bedrooms, bedroom, refurnished, once, notice, affection added, meters, renovations, front, floods, replaced, living, view, ‘Our house has 200 square....... As you enter the house thorough the front porch you will . the house has been renovated. Where the current front porch stands was a small kitchen. When we purchased the house, the. . porch was covered with green indoor-outdoor carpeting; we ......it with slate tiles. As you enter the foyer you will notice the fire made of a single piece of stone. The house has .........wood floors everywhere except the kitchen, which has ceramic.The living, is to the right of the foyer and the large glass. opening on to the deck provide a spectacular... of the river and the eastem exposure the room with sunlight during the. hours, ‘The kitchen was added on in the 1950s and .. with new walnut cabinets in the 1990s. The utility... WAS alS0.........ssese++-wa that time The last........ to visit downstairs is the bedroom, which is ..... the staircase. This is also redesigned and a bath with walk-in.............s0000 Was added to it. The two remaining upstairs rooms were once small and we have also. . them, After five years of . . in this house and getting to know it from the inside out through many. , we have developed a great deal Of rnee for this place . IX. Fill in the gaps with the suitable word/s: A. 1. Ihave just.......into a house in a quiet area. Moved /changed/ turned/ gone 2. Stairs became a problem for my grandparents, so they decided to buy a.. Terrace / bungalow/ studio/ flat My brother lives in that new......of flats, near the center. Building/ block/ high rise/ tower 4, How much......d0 you pay a month? Fee/ rent/ rental/ lodging 5. I lived in a/an......flat once, it was very dark and we never saw the sun. Attic/ underground! basement cellar 6. My sister is looking for an.....flat as she has her own belongings. ‘Unarranged/ unprepared/ unequipped/ unfurnished 7. Ilive with a host family, but it’s self...., $0 [ get my own food. Catering/ cooking/ organising/ feeding 8. Luckily, the......,is really nice and she looks after the building well. Be s/ host/ land lady/ proprietor 9, Have you met Maria? She is my flat. Colleague/ sharer/ mate/ friend 10. If you want to move out, you should give one month's. Warming/ notice/ advice/ leave B. 1. We keep our books on a book shelf, also known as a Bookease/ book closet/ book shopw The appliance that cools rooms in summer is called an air: Cooler / conditioner / fan 3. What prevents you from getting wet in the shower is a shower. Curtain’ cap/ hood 4, An extra door that lets air in and keeps flies out: ...... door. Protection sereen/ net 5. A device used to open the door is called a door. Handler! knob hand It is hanged on the wall to tell us the time - a. Clock! wateh/ radio 7. TV sets are kept on a piece of furniture called a TV. Shelf! stand/ cabinet 8. A place where you walk inside to get your clothes is a... closet Walkable/ walk-in/ walking 9. A couch that also functions as a bed is called a........ bed. Sofa/ king size/ folding 10. The room where we cook is called ... Chicken/ kitchen/ pantry Key terms Add other words or phrases you know related to the topic of “Everyday life-Homes”. Attic Pantry Basement Residence Brick Roof Detached house Semi-detached house Dwelling Steel Flat Stone Habit Studio Home Terraced-house House WoodRelated Terms — household appliance vocabulary. Explain what each device does. Can opener Compactor (device for pressing; crusher) Dish washer Fan oe eee Freezer . Tce box (for drinks) Refrigerator (for food) ‘# Vacuum cleaner (hoover) II - Focus on grammar The Noun ‘A noun is a part of speech that indicates people, things, objects etc. There are several types of nouns in English and each type of noun can have important grammar rules when used, Classification of nouns Nouns may be broadly divided into: > Abstract nouns Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to concepts, ideas, emotions, ete. (e.g. success, love, power, hate, tolerance). > Collective nouns Collective nouns refer to groups of various types. They are mostly commonly used with groups ofanimals and can be used in both the singular and plural, although collective nouns tend to be used in the singular. (e.g. herd, litter, pack, swarm, hive) ‘Common nouns refer to categories of things in general, never to specific examples. Conerete nouns refer to things that you can touch, feel, taste. According to countability, nouns can be: a) countable: house, brick, room ) uncountable: stone, wood, paper According to word formations, nouns can be: a) Simple: room, house, garden b) Derived: builder, gardener, plumber ©) Compound: sitting-room, dining-room, bathroom > Proper nouns Proper nouns are the names of people, things, institutions, nations, ete. And are always capitalized (e.g. Timisoara, Romania, Dana, University of the West) Number of nouns ‘The form assumed by a noun to show whether it donates one thing or more than one is called the number, Regular plurals- adding the inflection ~s or -es e.g. room-rooms, house-houses Irregular plurals: -Mutation: e.g. tooth-teeth -Changing: e.g. -f into -v knife-knives (exception roof-roofi) en is added to the singular: e.g, child-children, ox-oxen Foreign plurals are preserved with some borrowed nouns analysis-analyses, basis-bases, curriculum-curricula, The poss From the point of view of form there are two types of genitive 1, The analytical genitive with the preposition of: the walls of the house, the colour of the room, 2. The synthetical genitive with 's. It may be used in the following cases:a. Nouns denoting persons or other beings: Dana's house, the boy's room, the cat’ toy: b, Nouns denoting measurement, time, space, quantity, value: a weeks vacation, a lifes work, an hour's walk: ¢, Collective nouns: the faculty's investment, the government's decisions d. Nouns that can be personified (geographical names, vehicles, natural phenomena): Romania's history, the Danube's banks, the ship's name. III. Activities and Tests OY = BZ SS 4 1. Identify the following nouns as countable and uncountable: Information Stones Rules Talent Sheep Music Money Land Learning Nations Rice Peoples Bottle of wine Pollution Equipment Understanding Traffic Orders Stone (mat.) Food 2. Find the correct plural for the words in brackets: ‘© What are the of success? (criterion) © The... ...of scientists must confirm to the real world, (hypothesis) * Our country has been through many............. Since the Revolution. (crisis) ‘* The people of Timisoara sent several............ to Bucharest, (memorandum) ‘© These are the most important ............. for our research. (datum) ‘© The candidates who want to obtain a PAD have to write their. (thesis)‘+ All lectures delivered to the students must confirm to the academic. (curriculum). ‘* Things relevant for our students’ future were not included in. (syllabus). 3. Fill in the gaps with any suitable word: 1, Before leaving home have you filled your car with.. 2. Do you havea... .to find your way? 3. Do you have reservations at the 2 4, Are you taking your pet............. im the ear? 5, Have you enough..........for your pet? 6. Did you pack all your toiletries such as. . and have 7, Have you got a good map that shows all the roads and the places that serve... nice, clean rooms 8. Did you take enough .. with you? 9, Do not forget to tum off. 10. If you answered to these questions you can go! 4. Choose the right word: 1. Thad a good experience/ fortune/ luck/ time while 1 was abroad. State of the art ammunition/ arms/ equipment/ weapons/ weaponry is expensive. One scene/ scenery/ view/ countryside particularly impressed the guests. You need a new clothes/ clothing/suit/ underwear. One needs to get a leave/ pass/ permission/permit to get there. ‘You should buy now - it's a real bargain/ saving/ savings/ reduction! tis difficult for young people to find career/ employment/ job/work. There is a/an fortune/ income/ money/wealth to be made from franchising, Sen aAnaAwRD We shouldn't judge people on their achievement/ failure/ progress/ success. 10, My new job has something to do with advertisement/ advertising/ publicity/ marketing, 5, Identify and write out all the possible alternatives in the following sentences: 1. Ther are a couple of customers outside who/ which want/ wants to see you. 2, Our elected majority was/ were higher this time than the last one. 3. The Mayor's office has/ have issued a press release. 4, The tax payers has/ have a right to know what money is being spent in its/their name. 5. The police has/ have a difficult mission in this case. 6. This /these family need/needs assistance.7. A majority of the tourists want/ wants to return home. 8. This/these things belonging to him was/ were found on the bed. 9. What was/ were the latest news on television? 10. I paid a lot for this/these trousers, but it/ they isn't/ aren't so good, 6. Complete the senten De MYnecsnesnsee s with the possessive form is near Arad. Houses’parents / parents” house / parents’s house 2. Alice is a.. Woman’s name / name woman’s/ woman name's 3. The faculty is within 5. Minutes walk/ minutes’ walk/ minutes’s walk 4, Meat is bought from the Butcher's / butcher/ butchers’s Sar car is black. David's father/ David's father’s/ David father’s Barn _ laptop is broken Marius’s / Marius/ Mariuses Tee ccars are beautiful. Dan’s and Dana/ Dan and Dana’s/ Dan’s and Dana’s 8. My... ..nis black, Brother cat/ brother's cat/ brothers’s cat 9 house is being repaired, Adrian’s and Mary/ Adrian and Mary’s/ Adrian’s and Mary’s 10. It is not my suitcase, it’s Daniel’s /Daniel/ Daniel” 7. Rewrite the following sentences into the po ive and carry out any necessary changes in the wording of the sentences: 1. The baby of Adrian and Cristina is lovely. 2. I did it for the sake of my best friend. 3. She took the place of somebody else. 4, Ronald Reagan has an assured place in history. 5. The plays of Alecsandri are seldom staged nowadays. 6. She bought some chocolate costing 10Ron7. The distance to the next petrol station was 20 Km. 8. The strike lasted five hours. 9. The meat I bought weighted one kilo. 10, Itwas a trip of two days. IV. Evaluation 1, What have you done in this unit? 2. What have you learnt from it? 3. What did you like about it? 4, What would you change concerning its contents? 5. Do you have any suggestions for improving it?NIT 2. Individual Identity Objectives & ‘After studying this unit students should be able to: > speak about identity using the specific vocabulary > give synonyms and antonyms for the words provided > use the grammar structure correctly in everyday language (The Pronoun) Lead-in What do you understand by identity? 4 How do we identify ourselves? # Doall countries have identity cards?Individual Identity There are two major aspects of identity: individual identity and social identity. Individual identity defines each individual, from all the other millions and millions of people travelling all over the world today and in the past. Social identity tells us what type of person someone is, what their beliefs and affiliations are, what social categories they belong to. The markers of individual identity - name, face, social security number (in some countries), personal identity number (as in Romania), identity card, driving licence, passport and any other identity documentation, fingerprint, DNA (and other biometric measures), e-mail address, etc. — have various degrees of reliability depending on when and where they are used, It costs more to establish one’s identity with a blood sample than a signature, though also potentially more reliable. In countries with a high rate of identity theft, one may be willing to pay extra costs to ensure that only that particular person can be accredited as being him/her. We provide clues referring to our identity all the time: fingerprints, distinctive features. Individual identity is at the core of one’s reputation, social acceptance, control and motivation and self-confidence. Good reputation is very important: it could mean increased status, a better job, and better opportunities. On the other hand, poor reputation can be a serious problem: a person with such a reputation will have trouble in getting a good job, respect from others, friendship and security of employment. ‘An identity document is any document which may be used to verify aspects of a person’s identity. If issued in the form of a small card it is usually called identity card (IC). In some countries the possession of government-produced identity card is compulsory while in others it may be voluntarily. Information present on the document (which is also in the police data base) include the bearer’s full name, a portrait photo, birth date and place, address, ID and citizenship status. New technologies could allow IDs to contain biometric information such as photographs, face measurements, hand measurements or iris measurements, or fingerprints, A number of countries still do not have national IDs. These include: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, India, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, and the United States.Every Romanian citizen must register for an ID at the age of 14 (Carte de identitate, CI). The Cl offers proof of the identity, address, sex, and other data of the possessor. It has to be renewed every ten years. Since the early1950s there has been no national ID in Great Britain, but the British government is progressively introducing compulsory IDs for foreign residents. Identity card for British nationals will be introduced gradually from 2009 onwards. Driving licence and passports are now the most widely used ID documents. A similar situation may be encountered in the USA. In the virtual world, which has invaded more and more our universe and personal lives, identity camnot be taken for granted, The core of individual identity is the physical body, which is not there; it is a pseudo- communication, even if one can see each other with the aim of some hi-tech equipment, One way of establishing identity in the virtual world is to connect the online persona to a physical being. Sometimes this is straightforward: if one igns with his real name, gives details about hinvherself, such as: family, date and place of birth, present address, occupation, marital status, religion, nationality, and work place, one has provided clear ties to his physical world, Anonymity, pscudonymity, and real identity could connect to a single physical self. Anonymity ‘means that there is no connection to a physical self and little persistence in time, Pseudonymity ‘means that there is no connection to a physical self but there is persistence in time. A pseudonym can have a reputation, and in some cases, the name has almost been forgotten, while the pseudonym is always remembered. I. Comprehension questions: 1. Which are the major aspects of identity? How do you identify yourself in Romania? What about other countries? What information should be contained in an ID? What security measures should be introduced to avoid identity theft? How can you establish the real identity of somebody from the virtual world? aae What are the reasons for using anonymity, pseudonymity and not real identity online? Il. Find the topic sentence for each paragraph and then the main idea of the whole text.IIL. Match the words in column A with their meaning in column B: Bearer direct, honest, ahead Clue authentic, constant, trustworthy, authentic Compulsory constraining, enforced, imperative, mandatory Employment advancing, forward, ahead Fingerprint carrier, titular, undersigned Marker hint, guide, solution Onwards mark identification, characteristic Reliable sign, indication, token, trace Straightforward swindling, fraud, robbery, stealing Theft craft, engagement, trade, business IV. Group work: Find out the good points and bad points about having ID documents. Draw up two columns and write them, ‘Good points Bad points V. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: spot, pear, mandatory, age, identification, expired, number, foreigners, data, accepted, register, current, passport, license, identification, outside, updated, extends, government, temporarily, ‘month, day, rene’ currency, proof. Every citizen of Romania must the ......of 14. The CI offers. for an ID card (Carte de identitate, abbreviated Cl) at ...0f the identity, address, sex and other ..... of the possessor. It has to be ..... every 10 years. It can be used instead of a passport for travel ...... the European Union and several other countries inside the EU. Another ID Card is the Provisional ID Card (Cartea de Identitate Provizorie) issued ......... when an individual cannot get a normal ID Card for some....... Its validity ........ for up to 1 year. . include the driver's .. Other forms of officially accepted and the birth certificate. However, these are ...... only in limited circumstances and cannot take the place of the ID Card in most cases. In particular, the ID Card is mandatory for dealing with ....... institutions, banks or ..... exchange shops. Some of these may also accept a valid. but usually only for In addition, citi Jens can be expected to provide the personal ......... number (CNP) in many circumstances; purposes range from simple unique identifi tion and internal book-keeping to beingasked for identification by the Police. The CNP is 13 characters long, with the format S-YY-MM- DD-RR-XXX-Y. Where S is the sex, YY is .... of birth, MM is....of birth, DD. of birth, RR is a regional id, XXX is a unique random number and Y is an extra random identification Presenting the ID Card is preferred but not... when asked by Police officers; however, in such cases people are expected to provide a CNP or alternate means of identification....which can be checked on the....... (Via internet if needed). The information on the ID Card is required to be kept by the owner; ...u.. address of domicile in particular. Doing otherwise can expose the citizen to certain fines or be denied service by those institutions that require a valid, up to date Card. In spite of this, it is common for people to let the information lapse or go around with .......... ID Cards. VI. Choose the correct answer: A 1 _.utny English lessons because they are very interesting. Please/enjoy/amuse that you would be at the party It was told me/It was said/ I was told Tl ring you when L...........sccesessssssseseseeeeessstly parents” house, Arrive at/ arrive to/will arrive to 4, Dana has got a much more interesting in the school now. Workijob/employ Is that your Friend’s/friends - passport? 6. George... have tea, than coffee, Would rather/prefer/would like 7. GO0d....sesesesssseceeseeeeeeseeeee I hope you Wit Chance/wish/luck 8. Take an umbrella. it rains while you are out. Iffin case/because 9, Itwill cost a lot of money to have That car done/that car made/made that car 10. If you. soon you will miss the class. Aren't coming/won't come/don’t come1. That’s my name on the document, but it isn’t my. ‘Mark/signature/sign 2. Every small town like this has. strange stories. Its/ thein/the 3." am going to the Police tomorrow”. "So, Do I/am 1 /lam 4, They came to the party.. they hadn’t been invited In case/evenvalthough 5. TfL... sen the mistake, I would have corrected it. Would have noticed/had noticed/noticed 6, Police has proved that he was guilty, but he. Yet/already/still s-ndoesn’t admit it 7. Lwanted to email him but he....... Hadn’t/hasn’t/wouldn’t -give me his address. 8. We were all at the station, waiting. atrive, For the bus/the bus to/ for the bus to 9. Susie fell down and broke her ankle. a pity. Which/what/that 10. There wasn't. at school Anybody/somebody/any people VII-Find synonyms and then provide antonyms: Abandon Able Abbreviation Abnormal Ability AbolishAbroad Accomplish Absence Accurate Absorbed Achievement Accept Active Access VIII. Topics for discussion (pair work). 1, Find out about your friend’s last trip. Before asking him write the questions. City/eountry Where Means of transport travel? Journey time How long... Accommodation Where.........0.0esceeereeees 2 Length of stay stay? Purpose of trip WhY...eeeeccceseeseeseeee? Visa needed Did you Entertainment ..a good time? Problems Were. ? Opinion of trip Was... successful? 2. The e-passport has been issued. Give pros and cons about this topic. 3. You have lost your ID. What steps must you take to have a new one made? <= Key terms Add other words or phrases you know related to the topic of “Individual Identity” Anonymity Bearer Driving license Fingerprints Identity Individual identityMarital status Nationality Passport Personal identity number Pseudonimity Resident Security number signature Self confidence Social identity II - Focus on grammar he pronoun Pronouns are those grammatical entities that replace nouns or rather whole noun phrases. The classes of pronouns are: Personal pronouns: e.g. J, you, he, her, we, te. Possessive pronouns: e.g. mine, ours, yours: Self pronouns: e.g. myself, yourself ete. Demonstrative pronouns: e.g. this, that, these, those Relative pronouns: e.g. who (whom, whose), which, that Indefinite pronouns: e.g. any; none, some, each, anybody, nobody, something The indefinite pronouns some and any are quantity words. 1, Some = an amount, a number of. Any usually replaces some in questions and after negatives. £8, some boys, some coffee, some apples 2. Some and any as determiners before a noun. e.g, some students, any students, some advice 3. Some and any as pronouns (as pronouns followed by of). e.g, some of the girls, any of the students 4. Some in requests and offers. e.g, Would you like some cake? 5. Some and any s adverbs of degreee.g. Some two million students.....; Was it any good? Sometime/Sometimes Sometimes (“on some occasions”) is an adverb of frequency. e.g, Sometimes I cook my own dinner. Sometime (“at some time in the future”) is an adverb of time. e.g. Come and see us sometime. III. Activities and Tests 1. ill in the blanks with the s table pronouns: ..am a singer and this is about a person like........ Mirabela is one of.......favourite singers. is a jazz singer and often performs in clubs like. , but. voice is very different from...... I consider. a singer of standard jazz songs. Mirabela, on the other hand, considers. a singer of original material only. One thing is certain: both consider both went to the School of Music in Arad. lovers of great music! teacher, Maria, continues to teach other students at the school. She gives three lessons a week- just like .......... did when went to school. Another similarity of..... is that .......are both from Arad Mirabela grew up in the country while....... grew up in Lipova, a much smaller city than. Mirabela is married and......... husband, Adrian, works as an investment banker in Arad. office is in the city center where....... arrives every moming at nine. have very different professions, but .........feel ...... marriage is successful for this very reason. am not jealous of.......suecess, but am jealous of ......wonderful relationship. Maybe someday....... will meet a man just like.. 2. Choose the correct wer: 1, Please ask.......come in. Her/ her to/ to her to 2. Is Jane still at home? I don’t think. It/ that/ so Jog is this? It’s Anna’s. Which/ whose/ what 4, There isn’t a good pub. . in this campus, Anywhere/ somewhere/ nowhere5. 1am too busy to see........now. Sher her! to her 6. There isn’t interesting on TV. ‘Nothing/ something/ anything 7. Is he a relative of. Yout/ yours/ your’s 8. I should like to go abroad for ..... holiday. Mine/ my/ T 9...oos++s-watnt has brought us some grapes. Our! ours! we 10. Don’t pay any attention to.....words. Him/ his/ he 3. Complete each sentence using myself/yourself ete 1, Ann had a great time at the party. She enjoyed. 2. L was wrong and I am ashamed of. 3. Don’t worry about us. We can look after. 4, He cut, 5. The cakes are great, help... while he was cooking. 4, Complete the sentences with some, any or their compounds: + Idid not get ........present. + Could I have........ milk in my tea, please? + If there are.......words you don’t understand, just ask me. + We didn’t have........ money, so we stayed at home. . who saw the accident should call 112, «+ Have you lost. + There is .......at the door, + Would you like.......to drink? ‘+ Lwas too tired to do, + There’s ........coming and I don’t want.......to see us together,Wh- words is the name given to the following ten words: ‘Who, whom What, which Whose How, why Where, when * Wh-questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics: When? Time Where? Place Who? Person Why? Reason How? Manner What? Object! Idea/ Action * Other words can be used to inquire about specific information: Which (one) Choice of alternatives Whose? Possession Whom? Person How much? Price, amount How many? Quantity How long? Duration How often? Frequency How far? Distance What kind (of)? Description * Which? is used instead of what when there is a limited set of possibilities to choose from. e.g. Which blouse do you like more? The red or the green one? * Which? is used instead of who ( for people) or instead of what ( for things) when there is a limited set of possibilities to choose from. e.g. Which of Spielberg’s films have you seen?TIT. Activities 1. Make questions with who or what, e.g. Somebody saw me.- Who saw you? Tam worried about you. Ttook some money from the bank. This book belongs to me. ce ee Somebody lives in this flat. I stumbled over something. I was told something interesting. Something bad happened. This word means something, ce eee Somebody gave me a glass of water. ¢ Something fell on the floor. 2. Put the words in brackets in the correct order. 1. (what time/ coming/ your parents/ are) 2. (where/ your mother’ was/born) 3. (how/ the accident’ did/ happen) 4. (when/ was buill/ this house) 5. (why/ this car/ doesn’t/ work) 6. (why/ you to the conference! didn't/ come) 7. (why/ was/ canceled/ the flight/) 8. (when/ invented/ computer/ was) 9. (why/ the students! present/ aren’t/ today) 10. (how/ milk and tea/ is/ made) 3. Choose the correct form of the wh- words:1, [have many friends, some of ........visit me often. Who/ whom/ which/ whose 2. This is the village...... used to live. When/ that/ which/ where 3.1 did. he asked me. What/ which/ that/ who 4. The friends in I placed my confidence have deceived me. What/ which’ whose/ whom 5. Anna. was away for a while brought a book. That/ who/ whose/ which 6. The man.......son you have just spoken to is a doctor. Which/ whom whose/ that 7. The pub .......[ had dinner was in the campus. Whom/ which’ that/ where 8, [want to know .......you want to go now, Whom that/ which’ where 9, He asked me........ Imeant by those words. Which! what/ that! whose 10. This is the man.......] sat next to at the concert, Whomy whose/ which’ whe 4. Combine the following sentences using the words given: 1, The house is full of paintings. I have never seen some of the paintings. (which) 2. The secretary is speaking to a man, The man is a foreign diplomat. (whom) 3. [have a brother. He lives in Arad and works as a manager. (who) 4, Felix is a resort. Many tourists spend their holidays there. (where) 5, Welsh is a language. It is spoken by less and less people in Wales. (which) 6. He is a salesman. His work takes him all over the country. (whose) 7. The bus goes downtown. The bus stops at this corner. (which) 8. I met Dana, She was erying because you lied to her. (who) 9, You sent me a book. Thank you very much for it. (which) 10. The bed had no mattress. We sleep on this bed. (which) 5. Fill in the gaps with wh- words: advised you to go there? 2. seessseencould he be? ....one do you prefer?are you looking at? .-are you laughing at? is the matter? river flows through Timisoara? swrong with you? _of you is willing to help? .of them is your son? v. Evaluation 1, What have you done in this unit? . What have you learnt from it? What did you like about it? What would you change concerning its contents? Do you have any suggestions for improving it?UNIT 3 Family and Family Links Objectives After studying this unit students should be able to: > speak about family using the specific vocabulary > give synonyms and antonyms for the words provided > use the grammar structure correctly in everyday language (The Adjective) Lead-in Do you come from a large or a small family? How many people are there in your family an how do you get along with them? * Who are your favourite relatives? Give reasons. * Are there any advantages and disadvantages of being an only child?I. Family and Family Links A family is a group of people affiliated by a consanguinity, affinity or co-residence. A conjugal family includes only the husband, the wife and unmarried children who are not of age. The most common form of this family is regularly referred to as a nuclear family. ‘A consanguineal family consists of a parent and his or her children, and other people. This kind of family is common where mothers do not have the resources to raise their children on their own, and especially where property is inherited. When important property is owned by man consanguineal family commonly consists of a husband and wife, their children and other members of the hhusband’s family. A matrifocal family consists of a mother and her children. Generally, these children are her biological descendents, although adoption of children is a practice in almost every society. This kind of family is common where women have the resources to raise their children by themselves, or where men are usually not living with the family most of the time. The kinship terminology commonly occurs in society based on conjugal or nuclear families and the members of the family use descriptive kinship terms: © Mother —a female parent; © Father —a male parent; * Daughter a female child of the parent/s; * Brother — a male child of the same parent/s; + Sister-a female child of the same parent/s; © Grandfather father of a father or mother; * Grandmother — mother of a mother. It is assumed, in this case that the mother’s husband is also the biological father; but in some families a woman may have children with more than one man, or a man may have children with more than one woman. A child who shares only one parent with another parent is a half— brother or half-sister. Kor children who do not share biological (or adoptive) parents in common, the term stepbrother or stepsister is used. Any person who marries the parent of that child becomes the stepparent of the child, the stepmother or the stepfather, respectively. The same terms generallyapply to children adopted into a family as to children born into the family. More recently, especially in the western society, the single parent family has been more and more accepted. The majority of single parent families are in most cases single mother families than single father. Besides the above mentioned family members, there are also collateral relatives: v Uncle- father 8 brother, mother's brother; > Aunt- father’s sister, mother’s sister; v Nephew sister's son, brother s son, wife's brother s son, wife's sister's son; > Nice- sisters daughter, brothers’ daughter, wife’ brother's daughter ; v Cousin. the children of aunts and uncles Relationship by marriage (except for wife/husband) is marked with the tag —in-law (sister-in law, brother-in-law, and so on). Second families If your mother or father remarries, you can acquire a new family and set of relatives. For example, if your father marries a second wife, she becomes your step-mother. Any children she already has become your step-sisters or step-brothers. If your mother or father remarries and has children, they become your half-brothers or half-sisters You might also hear people talking about their biological brother /sister etc, to mean a brother who is related by blood, rather than by marriage. Types of family nuclear family = mother, father and children single-parent / one-parent family = a family which only has one parent (because the parents are divorced, or because one of the parents has died) immediate family = your closest relatives four entire family extended family close-knit family = a family where the members have close relationships with each other dysfunctional family = a family where the members have serious problems with each other blood relative = a relative connected to you by "blood" rather than through marriage broken family = a family where the members no longer live togetherFamily tree A family tree is a chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure. Family trees are often presented with the oldest generation of the top and the newer generations at the bottom. Family trees may have many themes, e.g. the descendents of single figure, or all known ancestors of a living person, or the holders of a certain office, such as kings of a country, e.g Britain, The British royal family is the group of closed relatives of the monarch of the UK. Although in the UK there is no strict legal formal definition of who is or is not a member of the Royal family, and different lists will include different people, those carrying the style His or Her Majesty (HM),or His or Her Royal Highness (HRH) are always considered members, which usually results in the application of the term to the monarch, the consort of the monarch, the widowed consorts of previous monarchs, the children of the monarch, the male-line grandchildren of the ‘monarch, and the spouses and the widowed spouses of a monarch's son and male-line grandsons. ‘The longest family tree in the world today is that of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479 BC). The tree spans more than 80 generations including more than two million members. I. Comprehension questions: 1, What is your full name? Were you named after any ancestors of yours Do you remember the names of your grandparents/great grandparents? bop Where did your ancestors come from and what were their occupation: On what occasions does your family get together? woe How important is it for families to celebrate certain occasions (c. g. birthdays, weddings, Easter, etc.) together? 6. Is divorce accepted in our culture? How much does divorce affect the members of a family? IL. Find the topic sentence for each paragraph and then the main idea of the whole text. LIL. Expressions with family — make up sentences with these expressions, + family gathering = a meeting / celebration of family members + family resemblance = where members of the family look / act similar + to start a family = to start having children© to,runin the family = a characteristic that is common among family members + t0 bring up /raise a family = to have and look after children + a family car =a car big enough to transport a family + family-size = large quantity item + family-friendly =a policy that favours families + family doctor =a doctor who looks after general medical needs © family man = a man who prefers to spend his time with his family + family values = traditional ideas about what a family should be © family name = sumame IV. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: parents,\/ married J number, S concentrate\/ _unmarried./ inereasing\/ divorce / estimated want, 7 changes. babyy fisture,\/ single without} later, J changing.J difficult thirtiesS/ parent J ppical/ stayed J took, \/ The family in Britain is. "Phe onee...!YPl2l.......British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial. “during the 20° century. There has been a rise in the””»*"of single person households, which increased to 30% of all households. It i$°.!""""“that there will be more 2 people than married people in the ./MW.. . Fifty years ago this would have been socially difficult married. Divorce was very.-.--» thirties a long time. Today, many couples, mostly in their twenties or unacceptable in Britain. In the past, people got married and*? expensive and. {00% without together ¥%9%" getting married, Decades ago, people.” born to. "parents. “before they had children, but now about 40% of children in Britain are People are generally getting married at a .!2'°".age now and many women do not ..“2%!..to have concentrate children immediately. They prefer to.....on their carriers and put off having a.2#2¥. until late thirties. 1 parent «1. increasing A The number of singh families ist. °°This is mainly due to more ...marriages ending in parent , divorce ., but some women are also choosing to have children as single. without being married. Give synonyms and then provide the opposites:First column represents synonyms and 2nd one antonyms. Back —fackwards forward Bright bilont stupa’ Bad Gy Siew Broken Siienes’ vice Beautify pulsive Busy Soeipies fee Begin nicto inch Behind yond head Behave act misbehave Beginning 3203, Sans? Believe jrecume ergue Beneficial [1728 wel Bribe buy off wage? Bleak Sui” warm VI. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B + Adopt 3 receive, get, obtain 2 Cousin 5 son of a brother/sister 3 Inherit 7 advance, elevate, promote, breed 4 Kinship 40 companion, better-half, mate, partner 5. Nephew © daughter of a brother/sister 6 Nice 4 relatives, relations, kindred T Raise 8 divide, split, distribute, proportion 8 Share 8 bridge, sweep, couple, cross 8 Span 1 assume, affiliate, support 10 Spouse 2 first degree relative, son/daughter of an uncle/aunt VII. Read each question and then select the best answer: 1. One of the benefits of marriage it Increased longevity/ financial security/ an improved gender identity Conflict with parents escalade mostly during... Early adolescence! middle adolescence/ college years 3. When a child gets {0 trouble his/her parents use strict discipline and do not listen to his/her side of the story. They use...... parenting, Neglectful/ authoritarian/ indulgent 4, Which family relationship tends to be the closest in adulthood? Father and son/mother and son/father and daughter/mother and daughter 5. Who tends to experience the most intergenerational stress? Adolescence/young adults/older adults 6. Which of the following is likely to have the least influence of behavior in later life? Gender/culture/ temperamenvbirth order 7. The most prevalent type of step family today is a: A stepmother family/a stepfather family/ a mixed family8. Which couples are most likely to get divorced? The one who married in their late forties! the one who married in their late twenties/the one who married after learning that the gir! was pregnant 9. Children resemble parents. In which domain do you think it is more likely to happen? Polities/ lifestyle’ gender roles/ work orientation 10. Marriage to more than one wife is called Polygyny/ matrifocality/ polyandry VIII. Topies for discussion > Speak about your family. > Your family wants to buy new furniture for your room, Imagine what furniture you would like to have and how you could arrange it. > Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living with your parents, > Pair work: Wi questions for the answers given: * (Where/from?) Where are you from? From Oradea originally © (Where/live/now?) Where... In Timisoara © (Divorced?) . Yes © (How long/married?) 12 years © (Children?) .... Yes, a boy and a girl, © How old/ a day?)........000 seseeeeeeeeeeeS and 7. © (what/ ex husband/do). He was a doctor. © (He/ enjoy his Job?) Yes, very much, * How ofien/go/on holiday?)........sssssssss0++++--Usuallly twice a year. © (Where/next year?). We have no plans yet. > Comment upon the following saying:” Blood’ thicker than water.”Key terms ‘Add other words or phrases you know related to the topic of “Family and Family Links” Blood relative Immediate family Consanguineal family Marry someone Extend family Matrifocal family Family gathering Nuclear family Get divorced (from) Second family Get engaged (to) Start/end a relationship (with someone) Get married (to) Step mother II - Focus on grammar The Adjective ‘An adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified, > Position of adjectives Adjectives are placed before the noun they qualify (e.g. long road, small dog, pretty woman, expensive bag), but there are some exceptions such as Court Martial somebody important, Secretary General. > Comparison of adjectives Adjectives have the following degrees of comparison: a. Positive (big, tall, beautiful) b. Comparative - of superiority: bigger, taller, more beautiful than - of inferiority: not so big as, not so beautiful as - of equality: as big as, as beautiful asc. Superlative = relative: very big, extremely tall, very beautiful - absolute: the biggest, the tallest, the most beautiful > Irregular adjectives Good — better - the best Bad/lll- worse - the worst Old - older/elder - the oldest/the eldest Little - less/lesser - the least Much/many - more -the most Late - later/latter/ the latest/the last Near ~ nearer - the nearest/the next > Special constructions — intensification of comparatives and superlatives # The comparatives may be intensified by much, far, a great deal, a Jot, which are placed in front of the comparative. eg We feel much/far/a great deal/a lot better now. The superlatives may be intensified by far, which is placed before them, by possible, which is placed after them, and by imaginable, which is placed after the noun, eg Itis by far the most interesting film I saw. This is the best possible solution to our problem. It is the most convenient arrangement imaginable. ¢ Comparative of proportion: eg The more we are the merrier will be. The sooner the better. The more I see it the less I like it Comparative of gradation eg The weather is getting better and better. He drove faster and faster. III. Activities and Tests 1, Complete the following sentences using the comparative of the adjectivesin brackets: 1, Today’s lesson was.2#sier. than yesterday's. (easy) . He’s always been rich, but now he has."!°'2.money than ever before. (much) . We had to travel ese... than expected. (far) more dangeroy |. Things were fat than they had realized. (danger) . He speaks German. .!2...than his parents. (good) . Jane is much .! ..than the other sisters. (thin) . Things can be fixed. . asi. if you read the instructions (easy). . There is 2. salt in the food than there should be. (much) le), 10. The weather i$... ioday than it was yesterday. (bad) Se INaAwAeEYLN T understand. !99°.....now than I did before 2. Complete the following sentences using the comparative of the adjectives in brackets: most mysterious . + One of...” stories I have ever read was that of Dracula. (mysterious) + Hagi was probably £82" football player of Romania, (great) © Dana was.9¢est...of them all. (nice) + Dobrogea is .98...part of Romania.( dry) most clever + Dan is"! S"Student in the class. (clever) most comfortable + My mother has.........-armehair in the house. (comfortable) «Failing that test was." + Thisis st, mistake of my life.(big) ‘.. situation I have ever been in. (bad) + We spent . 928... amount of time on this problem. (little) * The King’s Speech was the..°\. film I have ever seen. (good) 3. Complete the following sentences using as...as as busy as yesterday * Danis busy today, but he was even busier yesterday. (Dan is not.........) © This cake tastes good, I expected nothing less. (This cake tastes just) |" © Mysister used to complain a lot. (My sister doesn’t complain. **.J2° Pefore © This film is exciting. It is no less exciting than the other (This film is just®* *N"y "= °°" * You know a bit about cars, but I know more. (You don't. £22022 just #1 9 about cars 4. Complete the sentences using the special constructions of adjectives: 1. It’s becoming. ."8°9.........to find a job. (hard) more talkative 2. As the conversation went on he became. alkative). 3. Travelling is becoming......----»-(expensive).|. As we waited for our plane, we became. (nervous). Since she has been in Britain, her English has got . 2 . I like warm weather. The warmer the weather. the more impatient we became We had to wait a long time, The longer we waited, It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired. The more tired you are. In business everybody wants to make a profit. The more goods one sells. -(impatienvbecame) harder you concentrate hard) the higher proft ne makes (profit). I didn’t really like her, but the more I got to know her. {likey . Finish the following sentences: * The more I thought about the trip, ‘he. more excited i became + The more electricity you use...%2hisher the Bil wil gow + The more expensive accommodation. the ter chances are to do stupid things The younger we are. faster we get back home in our cozy be ‘The sooner we leave. [25 we get Pack hi vy bed ‘The warmer the weather, {he !885 clothes gis puts on the least ance to get the second slice of pizza The more we are. IV. Evaluation 1, What have you done in this unit? 2. What have you learnt from it? 3. What did you like about it? 4, What would you change concerning its contents? 5. Do you have any suggestions for improving it? the least chance ofthe room to be bookedUNIT 4 Education in Britain Objectives ‘After studying this unit students should be able to: > speak about British and Romanian educational system using the specific vocabulary > give synonyms and antonyms for the words provided > use the grammar structure correctly in everyday language (The Verb) Lead -in ‘Why is education so important in a person’s life? * Could mankind exist without education? Describe the ideal school/teacher I. Education in Britain What does it mean to educate? To educate is to guide or lead those who want to learn and improve themselves. Therefore, the educational process must include a teacher, a student, content and a context. If we speak about the part of the educational system that occurs in public schools, then the teachers are university educated adults who are professionals; the students are children and young adults between the age of 6/7 and 18/24, depending on the kind of education they attend. Education is an important part of British life. There are hundreds of schools, colleges and universities, including some of the most famous in the world. Education is free and compulsorybetween the ages of 5-16; but there are some children who are educated at home and only sit for their exams in schools. Children’s education in England is normally divided into two separate stages. They begin with primary education at the age of 5 and this usually lasts until they are 11. Then, they move to secondary school where they study until they reach 16, 17 or 18. Primary education is provided in schools, where the children will stay until they complete it and move on to secondary education, Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher, who will be primarily responsible for their education and welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted to varying degrees by specialist teachers in certain subject areas, often music or physical education. The continuity with a single teacher and the opportunity to build up a close relationship with the class is a remarkable feature of the primary education system. The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy, as well as establishing foundations in science, geography, history and other social sciences. The relative priority of various areas, and the methods used to teach them, are an area of considerable sustainable debate. ‘Most schools in England require children to wear a school uniform. Boys usually wear long, grey, navy blue or black trousers (shorts may be worn in the summer). White shirt is compulsory, while school tie is optional in most primary schools; jumper or sweater with the school logo on. The colour is the choice of the schools. Girls may wear Tartan skirts, or long grey, navy blue black trousers; white shirt, school tie, jumper or sweater with the school logo on. The colours of the ‘Tartan skirt are also the choice of the schools. Secondary education, or secondary school, is a period of education, which follows directly after primary education, and which may be followed by tertiary or post-secondary education. The purpose of the secondary education is to prepare for higher or vocational training, Degrees and qualifications GCSEs and A Levels are the two main public examinations (ie. successful candidates gain qualifications which are universally recognized as valid by employers and by Higher education). ‘The GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education is taken at the age 16; students select approximately 8 subjects from the following: Obligatory: > English> Mathematics Optional: > Moder Languages (¢.g. French, German, Italian); Latin & Greek); > Classical Languages (e. > The Sciences (Biology, Physics & Chemistry); > History & Geography; «Technology & Design Advanced Level (A Levels) is taken at age 18; it is designed as a university qualification, Students specialise in 3 subjects of their choice, usually grouped together in Humanities, Languages, Sciences. These qualifications are aimed at preparing the student for their chosen profession / career, and provide a comprehensive foundation for their university work. More than 90% of pupils in the UK attend publicly-funded state schools. The rest, about 10% study in public schools. A public school, in common British usage, is a school which is usually prestigious and historic, which charges fees. Confusingly to a non-native English speaker a public school is actually a private school. In British usage, a government-run school (which would be called a “public school” in other countries) is called a state school. The term “public” (first adopted by Eton) historically refers to the fact that the school was open to the paying public, as opposed to a religious school that was only open to members of a certain church, and in contrast to private education at home (usually only practical for the very wealthy who could afford tutors). Higher education is education provided by universities and other institutions that award academic degrees, such as university colleges, and liberal arts colleges. It includes both the teaching and the research activities of univei ‘es, and teaching includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level. Most professional education is included within higher education, and many postgraduate qualifications are strongly vocationally or professionally oriented,e.g. law and medicine. There are 114 university institutions (and 60 higher education colleges) in the UK. Higher education is a priority in current policy for the British government, with a target set to attract 50 percent of 18- to 30-year-olds to higher education, Most undergraduate degrees take three years to complete, at Scottish universities they take four years. At the graduate level, a taught master's degree normally is eamed in a single year, a research master's takes two years, and a doctoral degree is completed after three years. Professional courses, such as medicine, veterinary medicine, law and teaching, usually are undertaken as five-year undergraduate degrees.There is a three-level hierarchy of degrees (Bachelor, Master, Doctor) currently used in the United Kingdom. A graduate student is an individual who has completed a Bachelor's degree (B.A., B.S. /B.Se.) and » MS. /MSc., M.Ed, ete.) or doctorate (Ph.D., Ed.D., D.Sc., etc.) The term usually does not refer to one in is pursuing further higher education, with the goal of achieving a master's degree (M.A medical school and only occasionally refers to someone in law school or business school. ypes of U ‘Traditional Universities were created before 1992, when the educational system was reformed in the UK, and the National Curriculum was introduced, The purpose of these universities was to carry out teaching and research. New Universities were created after 1992 although many were teaching long before in the form of technical universities or colleges. The new universities focus primarily on teaching, but many have been developing their research activities over the last 10 to 15 years. ‘The main objective of education is to provide equal opportunities for everybody, as education is one of the fundamental rights, no matter of his/her age, sex religion, race, nationality. The right to education has been described as a basic human right: since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education, At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials becoming more influenced by the rich international environment, but exchanges among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role, In Europe, for example, the Socrates-Erasmus Programme stimulates exchanges across European universities. Romania has also complied with the international regulations and has also signed the convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher education in the European Region (Lisbon 1997) and has ratified it by Law no 172/1998. Through commitments assumed at the European level, focused on quality assurance, credit transfers and transparency of educational programmes description, qualifications (diplomas) obtained in the Romanian Higher education ensure the academic and professional mobility of all the graduates all over the world.1. Comprehension questions: 1, In your own words, what is education? 2, How relevant is it for our life? 3, What types of schools do you know in England? 4, What are the goals of primary education? 5. Do children wear uniforms in Britain? How about Romania? 6. How many subjects do students study in a British school? 7. How is Romania involved in European education? Il. Find the topic sentence for each paragraph and then the main idea of the whole text. IL. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B + Improve 3 struggle, battle, fight 2 Occur soreceive, net, gross 3 Compete + advance, develop, increase 4 Literacy 6 sign, symbol, emblem 5 Jumper 8 rich, well-off, prosperous 5 Logo 7 charge, payment, bill 7 Fee 9 instructor, teacher, coach 8 Wealthy 4 accuracy, knowledge, skill 8 Tutor sweater, jersey, pullover 1°Eam 2 happen, take place, arise IV. Topics for discussion:> What do you think:~ Do uniforms deny students their right to personal identity and self- expression? > Can you think of other reasons for and against wearing a school uniform? v The influence of education on personality > The good language leamer. v Success in education, Is education motivated by self interest? v Comment upon the following: “The world will belong to the leamers not to the Jeamned.”(Gregg Braden) V. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable words: students, proposals, college, old, secondary, begins, age, high, attend, equivalent, studied, receive, form, called, start, take, examinations, subjects, end, also schools, leave, subjects, schools, compulsory, exams, whether, year, ends, university, must, leave, Children normally.:'2 primary school at the age of four or five, but man Snow have a year reception../22.... for four year olds Children normally, !°2Y°...at the age of 11, moving on t6°°2"*%school. compulsory ol, In England, schooling British children are required to®“°"“school until they are 16 ye: currently £04 on the last Friday in June. Current governmentt(2°°**hre to raise the .29°..until which students must continue t6°<""". some form of education or training to 18. students, At the age of 16°" ‘in England, Wales and Northern Ireland ‘2° an examination °2!!°¢ the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education), Study of GSCE subjects 82 at the start of Year 10 (age 14-15), and final are then taken at the .294..of Year 11 (age 15-16). In state.ssigo!s English, Mathematics, Science, Religious Education and Physical Education are Ue during Key Stage 4 (the GCSE years of school); in England, somef9%. of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) and citizenship must be studied and, in Wales, Welsh Us, be studied, Other*2!°°chosen by the individual pupil, are .: equivalent In Scotland, the “........0f the GCSE is the Standard Grade. . studied. college £, school, others go onto technical .....,0r others After completing the GCSE, some students |2 continue at school for two more years and take a further set of standardized © known as A whether u "These exams determine........ a student is eligible for « levels, in three or four VI. Give synonyms and then provide the opposites: First clumn represents synonyms and 2nd one antonyms Tick Fai Biester ”"lecang Calamnit catastrophe godsend Cheat crook Colm eat som Cheerful el Sad Cancel Sop Sir” Concise fern! aise Capable ae chmay vil Palo nado Capable competent inept Civil outeous discourteous Capital Maio, minor Clean joa tort careful "aorous careless away legant Careful “goreus careles Clumsy Graccless graceful Casual. informal formal Common usust unusual relaxed serous seamary ‘me VII. Choose the right answer: ...(Senior/leaver) is someone in their final academic year. ‘Whaat is the short form for “doctor? (doctor/ PhD). PhO A complete listing of courses offered will be found in the class . sheevle, (schedule/plan), residence _» (residents/ residence), 2 3 4, Another way of saying “dormitory” is “student. 5. Students must pay their fees before the beginning of each. #185! (semester/division).. 6. A building containing living quarters for students is called a dormitory, or..42 (dorm/hostel) for short. 7. A student coming from another university to study for one or two semesters is called anexchange. ..( exchange/ elite) student. 8. We study at university or at22!292,(college/ PhD) 9. How many “125° (classes/ class) are you taking this semester? 10, Ao" Uireshman/starter) is someone in their first year B. 1. We have a lot of very difficult 2 “this term. Exams/exam/ examination Arava dent is someone who already has an undergraduate degree, and is trying to get an M.A., M.S., Ph.D. Graduating/graduate/gradual 3. To.{2" means to study hard in a short period of time, usually before an exam. Cramp/ eram/ crumb thesis 4. A Doctoral....is something you have to write in order to obtain a Doctors Degree. Theory/work/thesis edt 5. Did you pass? No, I'l Fled/flipped/failed ADSES'GEdent, is one who doesn’t have a full course load. Part-time/part-study/full-time 7. Dana is a very smart girl. She always gets good.9'29°5 Grades/ notes/ gradients 8. [believed that the.¢#2.] wrote for my English Literature class was great, but I got only six. Essay/article/work 9. The maximum "Ber week is 30. Load/class number/course load. 10. When you write a2." °2°°ou are writing a formal written report that includes both research findings and your own ideas. Test/ research paper/research work graduate 1, What will you do after you. (finish university)? Graduate/sum-up/gradual 2. A.Se99. is what one re ives after successfully completing three years of university. Decree/plaque/degree 3. What is your. 28%.? (What is your main area of study?) Minor/principal/major 4, When is your assignment. .%¥8.? (By when does it have to be finished?)Done/due/date 5. Exams that are given during the middle of each semester are called. 21" Midterms/half-exams/middle-terms 6. One of my friends is." th Accounting. Major/majoring/main topic 7. GPA stands for “grade point. 2.2%92.." Average/attack/anomaly ‘eauicSurses are what students must take in order to graduate. Flective/required/recruit 9 ATTA, of on? 28542 someone who helps the professor by grading papers, preparing material, ete Teaching administrator/ teach assistanVteachinglteacher’s assistant alumnus 10. An...i8.a graduate or former student of a school or university. Alumnus/alibi/albatro: D. Which of the definition is correct? 1. Agronomy is: a. the study of primitive races ». the survey of human emotions the science of farming 2. Anthtopology is: a. the science of ants pre study of men c. the art of poetry 3, Economies is: a. the science of how to do business ». the study of commerce and money making Gp study of production, distribution and consumption 4, Entomology is: a. the study of derivation of words b. the study of tombs (Ete study of insects 5. Graphology is:a. the study of maps b. the study of earth fe analysis of handwriting 6. Linguisties is: a. the study of linking b. the study of human behaviour (re science of language 7. Philology is: a. the study of wisdom (Ere study of words ©. the study of human relationships 8, Seismology is: a. the study of history re science of earthquake c. a brunch of Physics VIL. Pair work: AL Ask your partner to write the various schools he attended and the main exams he/she took. Ask each other questions about these experiences and how they have learnt from their own mistakes and disappointments. Start your questions with: What.......? Which..........2 When.......? Where... Why. 2 How. 2 How long Who. B. Faculty rules: Ask your partners about the rules in our faculty. Identify some rules and write them up on the board. Ask your partner what she/he thinks about these rules and then in pairs to think about the “ideal school” and to decide on the rules themselves. Place the findings under two headings: ‘Our school mules ‘Our ideal school rules IX. Choose the correct word: 1. He tried to. .2082" ..on her test, but he was caught. Coursework/ revise/ cheat/ termbiology n If you can’t stand blood, then you shouldn’t take, Economies/ chemistry! physics! biology 3. In, "2S" we had to wear special equipment because we worked in hazardous conditions. Chemistry/ history/ economics’ business studies B Only students who are..2™2!°9. on this course may attend the class. Semester/ revised! retake/ enrolled 5. There is no other way to. /*!2"°........ this exam if you fail. Revise/ cheat/ enroll/ retake 6. If you want this job, you need a university. . 2°" Qualification/failure/ co-education/ degree revising 7. Thad to spend about four hours a day. for this test Enrolling/ retaking/ boarding/ revising 8. Ihate !'St°0, because I find leaning about the past boring. Biology/drama/ geography/history shysical 9, In high school my favorite subject was « because I was energetic. Biology/ geography! physical education/ mathematics 10. We learnt how continents were formed in .9999'2?! Science/ drama/ physics/ geography ’ Related vocabulary - Make up five sentences with the vocabulary. * Boarding School © History * Business Studies © Mathematics (also Math in USA; * Coursework Maths in UK) * Drama * Physical Education * Economics © Qualification + Enrol/ enrolment (enrollment US) ‘Religious Education / Studies + Fail/ Failure © Retake (verb/ noun) * Geography + Revise’ revision© Science © To cheat © Semester /term Key terms ‘Add other words or phrases you know related to the topic of “Education in Britain” Certificate Pre-school education Graduate Primary school BA Secondary school MA Vocational school Ph.D Further education All-round education Higher education Compulsory education University education Free education Artistic! economie/ practical education II - Focus on grammar The Passive Voice Voice is a grammatical category that expresses the semantic functions attributed to the reference of a sentence, It indicates whether the subject is actor, patient, or recipient. e.g. Active voice: The workers built the house, Passive voice: The house was built by the workers. The passive voice is the voice that indicates the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the verb. > Use of Passive * Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. e.g. : My car was stolen. + Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:> e.g. Amistake was made In this case, [ focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone. e.g. You have made a mistake. Form of the Passive Voice subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle ‘23-2 forma a verbulu e.g. A letter was written. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: v v v the object ofthe active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped) Simple Present # Active: Dana writes a letter * Passive: A letter is written by Dana Present Progressive — |2 momentul vorbi « Active: Dana is writing a letter. + Passive: Aletter is being written by Dana. Simple Past + Active: Dana wrote a letter. + Passive: A letter was written by Dana, Past Progressive + Active: Dana was writing a letter. Passive: A letter was being written by Dana. Present Perfect + Active: Dana has written a letter, © Passive: A letter has been written by Dana. Past Perfect Active: Dana had written a letter. Passive: A letter had been written by Dana, Future Active: Dana will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Dana.Active vs. Passive Voice Tense Verb Form Active Voice Passive Voice Present Simple keeps is kept Present Continuous is keeping is being kept Present Perfect has kept has been kept Past Simple kept was kept Past Continuous was keeping was being kept Past Perfect had kept had been kept Future will keep will be kept ‘Conditional would keep would be kept Perfect Conditional would have kept would have been kept Present Infinitive to keep to be kept Perfect Infinitive to have kept to have been kept Present Participle / gerund keeping being kept Perfect Participle having kept having been kept III. Activities and Tests 1. Choose the correct verb form shall received 1. We. the documents in the mail tonight. Received! have received/ are received/ shall receive2. Nowadays he......!5 0". as a man of the world. ‘Was known /is known/ has known/ knows 3. Don't move. Your picture...° 229.99. right now. ‘Takes! taking/ is being taken’ is taken 4. The police.. to search for the missing person. ‘Was asking/ asked! was asked/ were asked 5. This coffee: vst from Brazil, Brought/ was brought/was bringing/ is bringing 6. The prize ».be.0¥20, to him for being an example for all Will be given/ gave/ will give/will be giving 7. The trees by the strong wind. Is broken/ breaks /were broken / have been broken 8. All kinds of beer ..2°.5012. here, Sells/ are sold/ had been sold / sold 9 ee een efor two months. Has been snowing/ is snowing/ snows/ will be snowing 10. 1.,.Nasteld you would return tonight. Told/ was told/ am told/ tell/ 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the word given: to have been damaged by the fre 1, Itis reported that the house has been damaged by fire. The house !=! Itis alleged that the man drove at 100 km/h, The man is It is said that the firm is losing a lot of money. The firm ve been driving at 100 kmih Is sald tobe losing alt of money It is believed that the firm lost a lot of money last year. The firm...°812 0" &! money last year It is expected that the firm will lose money this year. The firm, ..8 £29°229.9, 28° #1019 It is thought that the dog escaped through that hole. The dog... ™a"ve.escaped through that hole, expected to ond soon It is expected that winter will end soon, Winter. It is believed that the thieves got in through the bathroom. The thieves "!9"."2¥e,g2tn though the bathroom eer aAneawD marly 2 It is expected that the steak will be ready soon. The steak . $?2!P* tied 10. Some say they have married. It is said ..!0°.9% 3. Rewrite the following sentences using the words given: AL 1. The earthquake destroyed many cities in Japan. Many cities ,'" {#2 Bee-Beee destroyed by the earthquake 2. We recycle old books to make paper. Old books #2 :2¢ysle4,!2 make paper3. The manager will hold the meeting in his office. The meeting ,0¢,"2I49.she manage’ offce aon 4, Has the baby bemg fed today? Has anyone. .[64.!"¢ Paby !osay 5. They say that Croatia has a beautiful seaside, Croatia it said fo have a beautiful seaside 6, Computers replaced typewriters years ago. The typewriters "22 been replaced by computers years ago 7. A lot of books have been written about Dracula. Many authors . About Dracula by the fisherman 9. They told us not to come. We. e 10. I promise I'll finish the work in time, The work... Pe finished ip time as | promised B. 2. Thieves broke into our house and stole our laptop. Our house. 28279499 ane our lepton has been stolen 3. The best architects in Arad are designing the city centre, The city centre. 299.2687 nee desionec by the bes 4. The secretary has shown the people into the office. The people ..er8 shown ious saseleny..... 5. DHL will deliver the documents tomorrow, The documents .'"! 22 geleres tomorrow 6. She promised to take the dog for a walk. She promised that the dog... !sken fora walk 7. The faculty gave Adrian a special award, Adrian ,25,b9e0,9'ven @ special award 8. Have you been given direction to the University? Has. 0190/9, Yaiveriy, been given to you? 9. The heavy trucks ruin the new road. The new road. !"39.(ined Py the heavy tucks 10. The new fashion always amazes me, 1. 272284 by the, 99M fashion, 4, Complete the following passage using the correct form of the verb: ‘Adrian was lying in his hospital bed when the nurse ...2° oo BB cece YOUreeo ee... .lfeel) today?” she .. (enter) the room, “How sofas). “T,. 40009... (not feel) ool09, (mot do) a thing to ‘great that’s why I... ..(be) here”, he said. “And you people help me get better since the day I. has not been taken was not changed and my temperatures. "°°" '**°not take) yet and my laundry. 2°" (give) some medicine to take early this morning by one of the night nurses, but luckily just before discovered ( discover) that they ...2! swallowing them, I.. ..Abe) the wrong ones. I ...{f....(fear) that next week 1!.0°.2l°25°4 (release) from this hospital in worse condition than when 1.22%!" (come in). 5. Complete the sentences using the verb in the correct form: 1, Cheese [242.from milk. (make) 2. Acinema is a place where movies (show) are caused 3, Many accidents .........-by careless driving. (cause) 4, Something must ....08.49"8... before it too late. (do)bemade until tomorrow. (make) 6. The road is very bad condition. It needs?.°."°P2*{repair) 7. There was an accident, but nobody.....¥98....( hurt) 5. A decision will not, 8. Tdon’t like ..09i09. Ke... waiting (keep). being inv 9. They went to the ceremony without (invite) 10. I don’t like ‘kod private questions. (ask) IV. Evaluation 1. What have you done in this unit? 2. What have you learnt from it? 3. What did you like about it? 4, What would you change conceming its contents? 5. Do you have any suggestions for improving it?UNIT 5. British Culture Objectives ‘After studying this unit students should be able to: > speak about British and Romanian culture using the specific vocabulary > give synonyms and antonyms for the words provided > use the grammar structure correctly in everyday language (Verb Tenses) Lead-in How can we define the term culture? * What is culture based on? * What characterizes the British culture/ the Romanian culture? L British Culture Culture could be defined in an unlimited number of ways. Dictionaries give us all kind of explanations, the essence is that culture is a shared, learned symbolic system of values, beliefs, andattitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior, a “mental blueprint” or “mental code”. It is based on human capacity to classify experiences, encode such classifications symbolically. It is difficult to quantify, because it frequently exists at an unconscious level, or at least tends to be so ‘general, that it escapes everyday thought. Culture could be also defined as the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, belie) institutions and alll other products of human work and thoughts. These patterns and products are considered the expression of a particular period, class, community, population, particular category such as a field subject. (e.g. Romanian culture, British culture, religious culture, oral culture, musical culture). In conclusion, culture is a “collective programming of the mind” (Hofstede) that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. The culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the British people and the UK. It is made up by its history as a union of four countries each of which have preserved elements of distinct customs and symbolism. England is sometimes, wrongly used in reference to the whole kingdom, the entire island of Great Britain (or simply Britain). This is not only incorrect, but can cause offence to people from other parts of the UK. The name United Kingdom refers to the union of what were once four separate countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, The full and official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. History of the making of the UK. ¢ 1536- Act of Union joins England and Wales. # 1707- Act of Unions unites Scotland and England, together with Wales to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, 1801- Ireland joined the Union and the country becomes the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. # 1922- name changed to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, when most of The Southern counties in Ireland chose independence. ‘Owing to its worldwide expansion, as a direct result of the British colonial Empire, British cultural influence is dominant in countries such as Canada, The United States, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, South Africa and the British overseas territories. These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglo sphere. National Days are not celebrated in Britain in the same way as they are in a number of other countries. Only St. Patrick’s Day in Northem Ireland and St. Andrew’s Day in Scotland are taken asan official holiday. All the other national days are normal working days. National Days in the UK: * 1 March, the national day of Wales is St. David’s Day; * 17March, the national day of Northern Ireland is St, Patrick’s Day; * 23 April, The national day of England is St. George's Day; * 30 November, the national day of Scotland is St, Andrew's Day. There are also several public holidays, called Bank Holidays, when legislation requires banks and businesses to close. These are: New Year Day, Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Eastern Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, and August Bank Holiday. ‘The UK has no official Janguage; English is main language and practically the official language, spoken by an estimate 95% of the UK population, However, individual countries within the UK are trying to promote their traditional languages. In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely officially used. Irish is limitedly used alongside English in Northem Ireland; the westem Isles and areas of Scotland are trying to promote Scottish Gaelic. As for the population, Britain is and has always been a mixed race society. The country was first invaded by the Romans, then the Anglo-Saxons and the Jutes, the Vikings, and later the Norman French. Later, Africans were brought to Britain by force in 17 and 18" centuries as slaves or servants. Over the years, thousands of people have taken refuge to Britain from France, Ireland, Russia, Poland, India, Pakistan ete. About 8% of the population of Britain today are people from other countries and ethnicities (4.6 million people). They have contributed in their own way to make Britain the place it is today. If one walks down the street in Britain, especially in the bigger cities, one will usually see people with different hair, skin, and eye colors. They may have white, brown, yellow or black skin and blonde, brown, black, or red hair. Many of the people one sees, will be British people, but they all look different, because they are the result of mixed races. London has the largest non-white population of any European city, and over 250 languages are spoken there. The British are said to be reserved in manners, dress and speech. Basic politeness (please, thank ‘you, excuse me) is expected. The British are also famous for their self discipline, and, especially for their sense of humour; this strong sense of humour sometimes can be difficult for foreigners to understand. Manners are very important in England: > people should stand in line, as queues are orderly and you should wait patiently for your turn e.g. boarding a bus). Queue jumping” is unacceptable”. v If someone is blocking your way and you would like them to move, say “Excuse me” and they will move out of your way. v It is very good manners to say “Please” and “Thank you” and it is considered rude ifyou do not. In England, people say “thank you” a lot. v If you accidentally bump into someone, say “sorry”. They will probably too, even if it was your fault. This is a habit and can be seen as very amusing by foreigners. v Asmiling face is welcoming face. > Men and women, both hold open the door for each other. It depends who goes to the door first, In Britain, women are entitled to equal respect and status as men in all areas of life and tend to have more independence and responsibilities than in some other cultures, Women are usually independent and accustomed to entering public places, unaccompanied; itis usual for women to go out and about on their own, as well as with friends. In spite of modem developments, there is still conservatism in many areas of British life which regards change with suspicion, These attitudes can result in attention between the often enforced need for reform and the nostalgia for an assumed ideal past and traditions. The myth and traditional patterns of behaviour still hold considerable force and attraction for many people. The British today are trying to cope with realities different from those of the past, and with the demands of a post- industrial culture. I. Understanding the text: 11. The culture of the UK, what does it refer to? 12. What is the official name of the country? 13. What do you know about the history of the kingdom? 14. What do you know about the language/s spoken in the UK? 15. Why are the inhabitants of Britain so different from one another? 16. How can you characterize the British in terms of manners, dress and speech? 17. Whatis the status of women in Britain? Il. Find the topic sentence for each paragraph and then the main idea of the whole text, IIL. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B + Accustomed 4 tradition, habit, ritual 2 Attitude 3 plan, design, draft8 Blueprint Custom Dress. Overseas Preserve Queue Share *0Skin 5 uniform, costume, outfit 2 approach, manner, outlook 1ocovering, membrane, crust 8 Tine, row, file split, divide, contribute + familiar, habitual, regular protect, conserve, save © abroad, foreign, worldwide IV. Topies for discussion: 5, 6, 7 ‘My views on the British civil jon. Do the Romanians experience a “culture shock” when travelling to Britain? Is there any influence of the weather or climate upon the people of Britain or the people of Romania? 10. ul Does the weather influence fashion? Give your opinion about that! Is there any relationship between weather, calendar, season, time? Similarities and differences between the Romanian and the British culture. ‘What are the British famous for? / What are the Scots famous for? Write as many facts and ‘opinions about them, (Group work) VI. Give synonyms and then provide the opposites: Firgl column represents synonyms and 2nd one antonyms AMP moisture wet dank arid Dark black bright ry somber white dim clearsatisfaction sorow Delight plessire ” sixe decrease appreciate Decent vest imporer Depreciate deve, stnance bold araia Daring courageous feartul acerbie epusive Decline oP, 322 Desirable Sox dsyusting lonely. oy Decrease ice tase Desolate [hn Ss Deficient ec abundant Difference $Sincion” Sintaty lag rush stained clean Delay gta haste Ditty tiny” neat Delicate fragile catous tender harsh Y. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable words about two traditional events in Great Britain: ‘many, known, celebrities, as, people, called; spectacular, what, attend, called, sometimes, world; own, designer, reign, people, social, began, right, hats. visit, owned, around, Festival, day, gurus; just, then, spectacular vont Royal Ascot is one of the most... race-meetings in the." it has been held for nearly 300 years since 1711 during the [88 of Queen Anne. For just four days each year the aristrocracy, colbritios sports "Gnd fashion 48, of England crowd in grand style at one of the highlights of their £22 calendar, It is ale. Royal Ascot because the Royal family .#24. every year and the land is actually we, by The Crown, Royal Ascot is more than just a horse race, is a place to see and be seen, everbody seems to be wearing 4202" outfits and spectacular .!2%., especially on the highly popular Gold Cup Day, which is better known .2.... "Ladies Day". The TV commentary is ..!8!. as likely to be about ..#!. Lady so and so is wearing as it is to be about who won the 4,30 race! There is no one Edinburgh Festival. It all .22999.. in 1947, with the aim of providing ,a platform for the flowering of the human spirit”. ...9!... from the start .22"l. were inspired to put on shows of own, festval their .2¥9.., and these soon grew into the Edinburgh ."#¥*!, Fringe. Since 82 half a dozen or so festivals have grown up .2f%%4 it in August and early September, and collectively these are often ..£99¥.... as The Edinburgh Festival.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is often .:!¢¢. the Edinburgh Fringe and*2 ust "the Fringe”. Often at the fringe people will .Y®... more than one event per .%%., in fact some °F! pride themselves on fitting in as .22Y. events as possible. VII. Choose the correct answer: A 1. Everything was so...... that [ couldn’t understand anything. Confused/confusing/confusion/confuse 2. [find it impossible to .......all the new streets, Memorise/memory/memorable/memories 3. The book was so......that I finished it in two days, Interested/interest/interesting/interestingly 4, Bach country will send a ..... to participate in the conference, Represent/representation/representative/representational 5. We enjoyed the London trip because it was so .. Excited/ excitement exciting/excitingly 6. The hotel owner tried to be........towards the foreign tourists. ‘Sympathy/sympathise/sympathetic/ sympathizing, 7. We should not make...... when speaking about other peoples. General/generally/generalize/generalizations 8. The rescuer received our gratitude for being so Courage/encouragement/courageous/courageously 9. We hope that they will be...... with the city tour. Satisfying /satisfaction/satisfy/satisfied 10. The senator was one of the most ......people I have ever met. Persuade/persuasion/persuasive/persuasively B. 1, Human culture is, 4) genetically inherited b) entirely learned ©) limited to well-off societies 4d) all of the above 2. Which of the following statements is true of culture? a) languages are culturesb) archeologists dig up culture in their research ©) culture is a powerful human tool for survival 4) all of the above 3.A, an original, social, or ethnic group that is dis iguishable from another in a society by the fact that its members share a common identity, food, tradition, language and other cultural trades that come from their common ancestral background and experience. a) culture »b) subculture ©) multiethnie society 4) all of the above 4, Which of the following things could be cultural universals? a) the language that you speak b) the kinds of clothes that you wear ©) the specitic knowledge you acquired in school 4d) none of the above 5. Culture is: a) the same thing as society ») limited to humans ©) possessed only by females 4d) none of the above 6. Societi are: ) groups of interacting organisms b) only found among humans ©) created only by technological sophisticated people 4d) none of the above 7. Culture gap is: a) difference in culture b) a tribal culture ©) pop culture 8. Culture club is: a) a place where people discuss culture matters b) a community centre ©) a British popular music group 9. Culture shock is: a) earthquakeb) lack of culture ©) hippy culture d) the feeling of disorientation someone has in an unfamiliar culture 10. Cultural revolution is: a) a revolution caused by culture b) amass movement in China to renew the basic institutions of the country ©) euphemistic name for Song to Romania cy 1. What is the Queen’s name? a) Queen Ann I b) Queen Elizabeth II ©) Queen Margaret II 2. What is Harrods? a) a bank b) a department store ©) a school 3. Which rock band was so popular in the 60s? a) The Beatles b) The Police c) The Rolling Stones 4, In Britain, cars are driven on the a) left-hand b) right-hand c) wrong-hand 5. Which king had six wives? a) Henry IV b) Henry V ©) Henry VII 6. What is a double -decker? a) A disco b) a bus ©) a ferry boat 7. Where is Belfast? side of the road. a) in Northern Ireland) in Scotland ©) in Wales 8. What is the name of the most famous stadium in London? a) Wimbledon b) Westminster ©) Wembley 9, Manchester United is a popular... team. a) cricket b) football ©) handball 10. Which famous writer was born in Stratford-upon-Avon? a) Thomas Hardy b) Mark Twain ©) William Shakespeare 11, What does IMF stand for? a) International Monetary Foundation b) Internal Monetary Fund ) International Monetary Fund 12. What was the name of the ship that brought the pilgrims to New England in 1620? a) Sunflower b) Mayflower c) Roseflower 13, Where is the White House located? a) New York b) California c) Washington D.C. 14, Who was the first person to walk on the moon? a) John Glenn b) Neil Armstrong ©) Bob Dylan 15. Who is eligible for the office of President in the US? a) whoever serves the army b) a natural born citizen ) anyone who has American children16. How many states are there in USA? a49 b) 50 ce) 51 17. What do Americans celebrate on 4 July? a) the revolution b) the discovery of America 6) the Independence Day 18, Which president freed the slaves? a) Thomas Jefferson b) Abraham Lincoln ©) George Washington 19. Who was the leader who fought through non-violent action? a) John Kennedy ) Martin Luther King Ir ©) Jimmy Hoffa 20. What organization tries to find solutions to the world problems and disputes? a) UNO b) UNICEF ©) Green Peace 21, Emest Hemingway wrote lots of ..... a) plays b) poems ©) novels and short stories Ts ¢ Key terms Add other words or phrases you know related to the topic of “British Culture”Attitude Behaviour Blueprint Conservatism Culture Ethnicity Habit Kingdom Summary of Verb Tenses Manners Mixed-race Pattern Perception Politeness Queue Symbol II - Focus on grammar In English, there are three basic tenses: present, past, and future. Bach has a perfect form, indicating completed action; each has a progressive form, indicating ongoing action; and each has a perfect progressive form, indicating ongoing action that will be completed at some definite time. Here is a list of examples of these tenses and their definitions: Simple Forms. | Progressive Perfect Forms Perfect Progressive Forms Forms Prese_| write/s am/is/are writing | haveshas written | haverhas been writing nt Past__[ wrote ‘wasiwere writing [had written had been writing Future | will/shall write_|| will be writing will have written will have been writing Simple Form * Present Tense Present tense expresses an unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action or situation that exists onlynow, It can also represent a widespread truth. Example Meaning The mountains are tall and covered with snow. Unchanging action Every four year, we elect a new mayor, Recurring action Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. General truth ¢ Past Tense Past tense expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past. Most past tense verbs end ined, The irregular verbs have special past tense forms which must be memorized Example Form World War II ended in 1945. Regular -ed past The Romanian Revolution took place in 1999. Irregular form © Future Tense Future tense expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future. > This tense is formed by using will/shall with the simple form of the verb. c.g. The students will finish the first term in December. > The future tense can also be expressed by using am, is, or are with going to. e.g. The teachers are going fo examine the students in January. > We can also use the present tense form with an adverb or adverbial phrase to show future time. e.g. The Prime Minister speaks tomorrow. (Tomorrow is a future time adverb.) Progressive Forms + Present Progressive TensePresent progressive tense describes an ongoing action that is happening at the same time the statement is written. > This tense is formed by using am/is/are with the verb form ending in -ing ce. g. The experts are examining the effects of radiation on human beings. + Past Progressive Tense Past progressive tense describes a past action which was happening when another action occurred. This tense is formed by using was/were with the verb form ending in -ing. e.g, The scientist was explaining something when the earthquake began. + Future Progressive Tense Future progressive tense describes an ongoing or continuous action that will take place in the future. This tense is formed by using will be or shall be with the verb form ending in -ing. e.g, The speaker will be presenting the latest findings on earthquakes tomorrow. TIT. Activities and Tests 1, Choose the correct answer: A 1, Not all people ..S¥"&*......from the cold, some people enjoy it. Suffer! suffers’ is suffering/ are suffering will omove. 2. The doctor said he. ‘it with the nurse’s help.Will remove/ removed/ has removed/ would remove. had managed 3. After they s..1--t0 fix it, they all went home. Has managed manages/ will have managed/ had managed. havent seen 4, Where are the children? We. them for hours, didnt arrive 5. The email you sent. ‘on time Hasn't arrived/ isn’t arriving/ didn’t arrive/ hadn't arrived. 6. They..." Won't have/ haven’t/ hadn’t/ will have. cleaned the house since last year, it’s a mess, was playin 7. The boy broke the window while he.......- football, ‘Was playing/ plays/ played has played. had never seen 8. The policeman said he such a terrible accident. Had never seen/ would never sce/ will never see/ never saw. 9. Lam sorry, 1s". 49. anything to help him. Won't do/ didn’t do/ wouldn't do/ hadn’t done, 10, Dana is very tidy and .!8 498. the housework every day. Will be doing/ is doing/ was doing/ has been doing. B. Which is the correct form? had made 1. At that moment, I realized that I.......... mistake. Make/ was making/ had made/ will make. 2. Milk ..{28'28....better if you drink it fresh Tastes’ is tasting/ taste/ has tasted, will not eave 3. The house-keeper before she locks up the house Will not leave/ has not lefV’ had not left, 4, This year, the weather "85.282". far worse than we expected. Is/ was/ has been/ will be, isnt workin 5. I cannot do it now because the computer working