18

COMER INTERNAIONAL

18.1 Exporturile, importurile i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional 18.2 Indicii valorii unitare n comerul internaional 18.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 4 18.4 Comerul internaional, pe marile categorii economice (MCE) 18.5 Comerul internaional, conform clasificrii produselor pe activiti (CPA 2002), comerul internaional, conform clasificrii produselor pe activiti (CPA 2008) 18.6 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe moduri de transport 18.7 Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (1999 - 2006) Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (2006 - 2009) 18.8 Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (lei) Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (euro) 18.9 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-15), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anii 1998-2003 18.10 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-25), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anii 2004, 2005 i 2006 18.11 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2007 18.12 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2008 18.13 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2009

SURSA DATELOR
Pentru perioada 2004 - 2006: Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de export i import. Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import i export de energie electric i gaze naturale de la societile importatoare/exportatoare. Aceste date sunt transmise la ANV pentru prelucrare i ntregirea datelor obinute din declaraiile vamale.

DATA SOURCE
For 2004 - 2006: The National Customs Authority (NCA) which collects and processes export and import customs declarations. National Institute of Statistics, which collects and processes data for imports and exports of electricity and natural gas from importing/exporting companies based on statistical forms. These data are subsequently submitted to NCA in order to be processed and to complete the data obtained from customs declarations. Starting with 2007: For EXTRA-EU trade: The National Customs Authority (NCA) which collects and processes export and import customs declarations. National Institute of Statistics which collects and processes data for imports and exports of electricity and natural gas from importing/exporting companies based on statistical forms. These data are subsequently submitted to NCA in order to be processed and to complete the data obtained from customs declarations. For INTRA-EU trade: INTRASTAT statistical declarations collected by NIS directly from the trade operators which achieved a value volume of intra-community dispatches of goods higher than lei 900000 or a volume of intra-community arrivals of goods higher than lei 300000. customs declarations collected and processed by National Customs Autority (NCA) for intra community trade regarding goods for internal processing or processing under customs control, goods from/to the parts of EU statistical territory which do not belong to EU fiscal territory. The percentage of collected data was over 95.0% of total volume of trade, both for intra-community arrivals and dispatches of goods. Data estimations were performed for the rest of 5.0 % representing the trade value below the INTRASTAT thresholds and nonresponses.

ncepnd cu anul 2007: Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de export i import. Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import i export de energie electric i gaze naturale de la societile importatoare/ exportatoare. Aceste date sunt transmise la ANV pentru prelucrare i ntregirea datelor obinute din declaraiile vamale. Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT colectate de ctre INS direct de la operatorii economici care au realizat un volum valoric al expedierilor intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 900000 lei sau un volum al introducerilor intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 300000 lei. declaraiile vamale colectate i prelucrate de ctre ANV, pentru comerul intracomunitar privind bunuri pentru prelucrare intern sau prelucrare sub control vamal; bunuri care se mic din/ctre pri ale teritoriului statistic al UE dar, care nu aparin teritoriului fiscal al UE. Gradul de colectare a datelor INTRASTAT a fost de peste 95,0% att pentru introduceri ct i pentru expedieri intracomunitare de bunuri, din volumul total al introducerilor i respectiv expedierilor intracomunitare de bunuri. Pentru restul de cca 5,0% reprezentnd valoarea comerului sub pragurile INTRASTAT i non-rspunsuri au fost realizate estimri de date.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Bunurile ce fac obiectul schimburilor internaionale sunt clasificate potrivit Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), care st la baza tarifului vamal comunitar. Datele statistice sunt prezentate i pe grupe de bunuri din Clasificarea Standard de Comer Internaional (CSCI, Rev.4), Marile Categorii Economice (MCE) i conform Clasificrii Produselor pe Activiti (CPA), care se stabilesc pe baza unor chei de conversie ntre NC i aceste clasificri. Sfera de cuprindere: Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: se cuprind expedierile de bunuri din Romnia cu destinaia alt stat membru UE i introducerile (intrrile) de bunuri n Romnia avnd ca ar de expediie un alt stat membru UE. Expedierile din Romnia includ: bunuri n liber circulaie care prsesc teritoriul statistic al Romniei cu destinaia alt stat membru UE; bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii) sau prelucrare sub control vamal n Romnia i care sunt destinate altor state membre. Introducerile n Romnia includ: bunuri n liber circulaie ntr-un stat membru UE care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei; bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de prelucrare activ sau prelucrare sub control vamal n alt stat membru UE i care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei. Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: se cuprind schimburile de bunuri ntre Romnia i statele nemembre UE, avnd ca obiect: importul direct de bunuri pentru consum, bunurile importate scoase din antrepozitele vamale sau zonele libere pentru a fi puse n consum, exportul de bunuri de origine naional, precum i exportul de bunuri importate, declarate pentru consumul intern. Se cuprind, de asemenea: importurile temporare de bunuri strine pentru prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii); exporturile de produse compensatoare rezultate dup prelucrare activ; exporturile temporare de bunuri pentru prelucrare pasiv (prelucrare n alte ri); importurile de produse compensatoare rezultate dup prelucrarea n afara rii i bunurile importate sau exportate n sistemul de leasing financiar (la valoarea integral a bunurilor). n comerul internaional nu sunt cuprinse: bunurile n tranzit, bunurile temporar admise/scoase n/din ar (cu excepia celor pentru prelucrare), bunurile achiziionate de organizaii internaionale pentru utilizri proprii n Romnia, bunurile pentru i dup reparaii i piesele de schimb aferente.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Goods which are subject to international exchanges are classified according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN), on which the community customs tariff is also based. Statistical data are also presented by commodity groups of Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 4), Broad Economic Categories (BEC) and according to Classification of Products by Activities (CPA), which were set up based on conversion tables between these nomenclatures and the Combined Nomenclature. The scope: For INTRA-EU trade: are included dispatches of goods from Romania to another EU Member State and arrivals in Romania having as country of dispatch another EU Member State. Dispatches from Romania include: goods released for free circulation which leave the statistical territory of Romania with another EU Member State as destination; goods which were placed under customs procedure of inward processing (inside the countrys territory) or processing under customs control procedure in Romania with other Member States as destination. Arrivals in Romania include: goods released for free circulation in a member state of EU which enter the statistical territory of Romania; goods which were placed under customs procedure of outward processing or processing under customs control procedure in another EU Member State which enter the statistical territory of Romania. For EXTRA-EU trade: are included exchange of goods between Romania and non-EU Member States, having as object: direct import of goods for consumption, imported goods released from customs warehouses or free zones for consumption, export of national goods and export of goods imported declared for internal consumption. There are also included: temporary imports of foreign goods for inward processing (inside the countrys territory); exports of compensatory products which result following the inward processing; temporary exports of goods for outward processing (processing outside the countrys territory); imports of compensatory products which result following processing outside the countrys territory and imported or exported goods for financial leasing (at total value of goods). The international trade does not include: goods in transit, goods temporarily admitted/released in/from the country (except those subject to processing), goods purchased by international organizations for own use in Romania, goods for and after repairs and afferent spare parts.

533

Valoarea bunurilor exportate i importate s-a stabilit pe baza preurilor efective FOB la exporturi i a preurilor efective CIF la importuri. Preul FOB (n limba englez Free on Board - Liber la bord) reprezint preul la frontiera rii exportatoare, care include valoarea bunului, toate cheltuielile de transport pn la punctul de mbarcare, precum i toate taxele suportate pentru ca bunul s fie ncrcat la bord. Preul CIF (n limba englez Cost, Insurance, Freight-Cost, Asigurare, Navlu) reprezint preul la frontiera rii importatoare, care cuprinde att elementele componente ale preului FOB, ct i costurile asigurrii i transportului internaional. Datele valorice sunt exprimate n lei, euro i dolari SUA. Conversia n euro, respectiv n dolari, a datelor valorice exprimate n lei (colectate prin declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT i declaraiile vamale), se face utiliznd: cursul de schimb mediu lunar lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru sistemul INTRASTAT; cursul de schimb lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei pentru penultima zi de miercuri a lunii, pentru sistemul EXTRASTAT. Indicii valorii unitare pentru export i import se calculeaz avnd la baz valorile unitare (medii) exprimate n euro, pentru un nomenclator de bunuri reprezentative din Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), la nivel de 8 cifre, conform formulei Paasche. Pentru agregarea indicilor de valori unitare calculai la nivel de 8 cifre pe diverse nivele din NC i total exporturi, respectiv total importuri, se utilizeaz ca element de ponderare valoarea bunurilor din perioada curent. Baza de calcul utilizat pentru calculul indicilor de valori unitare este anul precedent, iar indicii de valori unitare cu alte baze se calculeaz prin nlnuire. Datele cantitative sunt exprimate n general n tone, iar pentru unele bunuri n uniti de msur specifice (buci, m3, kwh etc.). Gruparea exporturilor/importurilor pe moduri de transport se realizeaz pe baza identitii i naionalitii mijlocului de transport care trece frontiera de stat cu mrfurile exportate/importate. Repartizarea pe ri a schimburilor internaionale se realizeaz astfel: pentru comerul INTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara de destinaie (la expedieri) i ara de expediie (la introduceri); pentru comerul EXTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara de destinaie (la export) i ara de origine (la import, cu excepia cazului n care ara de origine este un stat membru UE-caz n care se ia n considerare ara de expediie).

The value of exported and imported goods was set up based on actual FOB prices for exports and on actual CIF prices for imports. FOB price (Free on Board) represents the price at exporter country border, including the value of goods, all transport expenditure until the embarking point, as well as all the taxes paid for the goods to be loaded on board. CIF price (Cost, Insurance, Freight) represents the price at importer country border, including both the components of FOB price, as well as the insurance and international transport costs. Value data are expressed in Lei, Euro and USD. The conversion for the data in Lei (collected through Intrastat statistical declarations and customs declarations) in Euro, respectively USD, is made using: average monthly exchange rate Lei/Euro, respectively Lei/USD, published by National Bank of Romania, for INTRASTAT system; exchange rate Lei/Euro, respectively Lei/USD published by National Bank of Romania for the penultimate Wednesday of the month, for EXTRASTAT system. Unit value indices for international trade on data expressed in euro are calculated based on the average unit values, for a representative goods nomenclature from the Combined Nomenclature (CN), at 8 digits level, according to Paasche formula. For the agregation of unit value indices, calculated at 8 digits level, on different levels, from CN and total exports, respectively total imports, it is used as weighting element the goods value from the current period. The used calculation base for the calculation of unit value indices is the previous year, and unit value indices with other bases are calculated by chaining. Quantitative data are generally in tonnes and for some goods in specific measurement units (pieces, m3, kwh a.s.o.). The grouping of exports/imports by modes of transport is made on the basis of both identity and nationality of the means of transport which pass the state frontier with the exported/imported goods. Foreign exchanges of goods are distributed by countries as follows: for INTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country of destination (for dispatches) and country of dispatch (for arrivals); for EXTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country of destination (for export) and country of origin (for import, except the situation when the country of origin is a EU Member State when the country of dispatch is taken into account).

Se consider ara de destinaie ara n care bunurile vor fi consumate, ara de expediie ara din care bunurile au fost expediate i ara de origine ara n care a fost produs bunul sau n care bunul a suferit ultima transformare substanial. Gruparea rilor pe continente i pe zone economice se face conform recomandrilor Oficiului de Statistic al Uniunii Europene (EUROSTAT). Gruprile pe ri au urmtoarea componen:

Country of destination is considered the country where goods will be consumed, country of dispatch the country from where the goods were dispatched and country of origin is the country where the commodity was produced or last substantial transformation was performed. The groups of countries by continents and economic zones are made according to the recommendations of European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). The economic groups by countries have the following components: European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Hungary. European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein. The Organization of Petroleum Exporter Countries (OPEC): Algeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arabian Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Angola. OECD-EU: USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zeeland, Turkey, Mexico, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Republic of Korea, Virgin Islands (United States).

Uniunea European (UE): Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria, Republica Ceh, Cipru, Danemarca, Estonia, Finlanda, Frana, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Romnia, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania, Suedia, Ungaria.

Asociaia European a Liberului Schimb (AELS): Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Liechtenstein. Organizaia rilor Exportatoare de Petrol (OPEC): Algeria, Arabia Saudit, Emiratele Arabe Unite, Irak, Iran, Kuweit, Libia, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Angola. OECD-UE: SUA, Canada, Japonia, Australia, Noua Zeeland, Turcia, Mexic, Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Republica Coreea, Insulele Virgine Americane.

Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI): Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia), Kazahstan, Kirghizstan, Republica Moldova, Federaia Rus, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ucraina, Uzbekistan. ri din bazinul mediteranean-UE: Albania, Bosnia-Heregovina, Algeria, Egipt, Gibraltar, Croaia, Israel, Iordania, Liban, Libia, Maroc, Macedonia, Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate, Siria, Tunisia, Turcia, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Muntenegru, Serbia.

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Countries from Mediterranean Area-UE: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Alger, Egypt, Gibraltar, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Lebanon, Morocco, Macedonia, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Montenegro, Serbia.

Diferenele ntre datele pe total i valorile obinute din nsumarea diverselor structuri utilizate sunt datorate rotunjirilor.

The differences between total data and data obtained by cumulating the different structures used are due to rounding up.

18.G1

Exporturile i importurile n comerul internaional al Romniei Exports and imports in international trade of Romania

Comerul internaional / International trade milioane dolari S.U.A. / USD million

56149

68193

83442

110885

133960

94923
42,7%

41,8% 58,2%

40,7% 59,3%

38,8% 61,2%

36,5%

37,1%

63,5%

62,9%

57,3%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Comerul internaional / International trade milioane euro / euro million

45216

54823

66596

80871

90965

68037

41,9% 58,1%

40,6% 59,4%

38,8% 61,2%

36,5%

37,1%

42,7%

63,5%

62,9%

57,3%

2004

2005

2006 Exporturi FOB FOB Exports

2007

2008 Importuri CIF CIF Imports

2009

18.G2
60000 50000 40000

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional (FOB/CIF) Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and balance of international trade operations (FOB/CIF)

milioane euro / euro million

57240 51322 40746 32568 29549 33725 38953 29084

30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000 -30000

26281 18935

22255

25850

-7346

-10313

-9869 -14896 -21773 -23515 2008 2009

2004

2005

2006 Import CIF

2007

Export FOB

Sold FOB / CIF FOB / CIF Balance

18.G3
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional (FOB/CIF) cu Uniunea European (UE) Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and trade balance (FOB/CIF) with European Union (EU)

milioane euro / euro million

39838 28472 23765 21600

-6872 -16073

2008 Export FOB

2009 Import CIF Sold FOB / CIF FOB / CIF Balance

18.G4
2,3%

Partenerii comerciali ai Romniei, pe principalele grupe de ri, n anul 2009 Romanias trade partners, by main groups of countries, in 2009
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million) 16,3% 1,2%

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million) 11,5%

11,9%

9,4%

74,3% Uniunea European (UE-27) European Union (EU-27) Alte ri din Europa Other European countries A.E.L.S. E.F.T.A. Alte ri Other countries

73,1%

18.G5
5,1% 6,0%

Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF) pe principalele seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 4, n anul 2009 Exports (FOB) and imports (CIF), by main sections according to SITC, Rev. 4, in 2009
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million) 11,4% 42,9% 34,0%

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million) 12,0%

9,4%

9,8%

15,7% 14,0% 18,3% Maini i echipamente pentru transport Machinery and transport equipment Articole manufacturate diverse Miscellaneous manufactured articles Mrfuri manufacturate clasificate mai ales dup materia prim Manufactured goods classified mainly by the raw material 21,4% Combustibili minerali, lubrifiani i materiale derivate Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Produse chimice i produse derivate, nespecificate n alt seciune Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. Alte bunuri Other goods

18.G6

Principalele ri partenere, n anul 2009 The main partner countries, in 2009

TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
Germania Germany

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)
Germania Germany Alte ri Other countries

18,7%

Alte ri Other countries

17,3%

48,4%
Italia Italy

51,6%
Italia Italy

15,3%

11,7%

Frana France

Ungaria Hungary

8,3%

8,2%
Ungaria Hungary

6,2% 4,9%
China China, Peoples Rep. of

4,4%

Turcia Turkey

5,0%

Frana France

18.G7

Orientarea geografic a exporturilor i importurilor Romniei, n anul 2009 Geographical distribution of Romanian exports and imports, in 2009
EXPORTURI EXPORTS IMPORTURI IMPORTS

2,1% 2,4% 7,0% 0,1% 12,8% 0,7%

2,7%

0,1%

14,1%

10,6%

74,3% Uniunea European European Union Alte ri din Europa Other European countries Asia Africa America Oceania

73,1%