LIMBA ENGLEZA

COMUNICATIVA
Lect. Univ. dr Laura-Rebeca Precup-Stiegelbauer
cyp4d@yahoo.com
Tel: 0723888647

A 1000 miles trip starts with the

first step!

Alfabetul limbii engleze este

alcatuit din 26. de litere, marea
majoritate fiind
din alfabetul latin. Fiecare litera a alfabetului
englez are alaturat transcrierea fonetica,
iar cand acestea
se rostesc separat le citim dupa cum urmeaza:

VERBUL
Reguli de scriere pentru verbele limbii engleze
Pentru majoritatea verbelor limbii engleze regulile de scriere sunt simple : se
adaug -s, -ing i -ed la forma de baz. Sunt ns cteva verbe la care se
schimb sau se adaug alte reguli. Vom ncerca s le evideniem prin exemple:
Dublarea consoanei
Dac verbul la forma de baz se termin ntr-o singur consoan i vocala
precedent este accentuat i este scris doar printr-o singur liter, atunci se
dubleaz consoana nainte de a se aduga ing sau ed.
Ex: occur/occurring, swim/swimming, ship/shipping
Dac vocala care precede consoana final nu este accentuat, nu se dubleaz
consoana.
Ex: enter/entering, visit/visiting, develop/developing
Dac verbul la forma de baz se termin n c, schimbai aceast liter n ck
Ex: panic/panicking, picnic/picnicking
Sunt cteva excepii la verbele care se termin n l, -m, i p.
Ex: travel/traveling sau travelling, program/programing sau programming,
worship/worshiping sau worshipping
7

tergerea sau adugarea literei e

Daca verbul la forma de baz se termin n litera e care nu se pronun,
atunci litera e cade odat cu adugarea terminaiei -ing sau ed
Ex: create/creating, type/typing, bake/baking
Verbele monosilabice care se termin n ye, -oe sau nge pstreaz e
final, dar pierd litera e nainte de adugarea terminaiei ed
Ex: dye/dyeing/dyed
singe/singeing/singed
Dac forma de baz a verbului se termin n ie sau ee atunci cade litera e
nainte de adugarea terminaiei -ed
Ex: die/died, agree/agreed, tie/tied
Dac verbul se termin n s, -z, -x, -sh i -ch atunci se adaug litera-e
nainte de adugarea literei s pentru a marca pluralul substantivului
Ex: pass/passes, buzz/buzzes, coax/coaxes, wash/washes, watch/watches

Regulile pentru verbele terminate n litera y

Dac forma de baz a verbului se termin n y atunci litera y
se schimb n ie
Ex: carry/carries, try/tries
Dac forma de baz a verbului se termin n ed atunci litera
y se schimb n i
Ex: carry/carried, try/tried
Dac litera y este precedat de o vocal sau dac se adaug
ing, atunci litera y rmne neschimbat
Ex: stay/stayed, toy/toying, carry/carrying,
Dac forma de baz a verbului se termin n ie, atunci ie se
schimb n -y nainte de a se aduga ing
Ex: die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying

Verbul este partea de vorbire care arat o aciune, o stare.

La aceast aciune contribuie urmtorii factori care trebuie
luai n considerare: persoana sau persoanele care fac
aceast aciune, timpul cnd se face aciunea, modul n
care se face aciunea si aspectul ei, din punct de vedere
al continuitii n timp. Persoana care face aciunea este
exact ca n limba romn, subiectul propoziiei, poate fii la
singular sau la plural i se acorda cu verbul. Timpul arat
momentul n care se desfoar aciunea. Exist trei timpuri
principale, de baz : prezent, trecut i viitor. Modul, ca noiune
se mparte n moduri personale i moduri impersonale.
Modurile personale sunt : 1. Modul indicativ, 2. Modul subjonctiv,
3. Modul condiional, 4. Modul condiional, 5. Modul imperativ.
Modurile impersonale sunt : 1. Infintiv, 2. Participiu, 3. Gerund.

10

Modul indicativ, n englez The Indicative Mood, cuprinde timpurile

conjugrii unei aciuni ale verbului. Modul subjonctiv, n limba
englez The Subjonctive, are dou timpuri Prezent i Perfect.
Modul condiional, n limba englez The Conditional, arat o
aciune care se face cu o anumit condiie. Are dou forme,
prezent i perfect. Modul imperativ, n limba englez The Imperative,
exprim un ordin, un ndemn, o rugminte, o sugestie, o urare,
o recomandare, o ameninare... .

11

Infinitivul, n limba englez The Infinitive, numete verbul.

Se poate recunoate foarte uor dupa particula to.
Dac aceasta lipsete, forma se numete infinitivul scurt.
Infinitivul poate fi infinitv prezent sau infinitiv perfect.
Participiul, n limba englez The Participle, are trei forme :
prezent, trecut si perfect. The Gerund este un mod mai special
al limbii engleze, care nu trebuie confundat cu gerunziul limbii
romne.

12

n limba englez exista dou aspecte : simplu i

continuu. n general, timpurile simple se folosesc
atunci cnd accentul se pune pe aciunea propriu
zis, iar timpurile continue se folosesc atunci cnd
accentul se pune pe durata aciunii, pe perioada de
timp n care aceasta are loc.
n explicarea ntrebuintrii timpurilor continue se
va ntlni formularea actiune n plin desfurare".
Aceasta nseamn c aciunea a nceput nainte de
momentul la care se face referire i va continua dup
acel moment.

13

Verbul To Be
Afirmativ singular

I am

You are

He/She/It is

Afirmativ plural
I. We are
II. You are
III. They are

14

Verbul To Be
Negativ singular
I. I am not
II. You are not
III. He/She/It is not
Prescurtat 1
I. Im not
II. Youre not
III. He/She/Its not

Negativ plural
I. We are not
II. You are not
III. They are not
Prescurtat
I. Were not
II. Youre not
III. Theyre not
15

Verbul To Be
Prescurtat 2
I. Im not
II. You arent
III. He/She/It isnt

Prescurtat
I. We arent
II. You arent
III. They arent

16

Verbul To Be
Interogativ singular
I. Am I?
II. Are you?
III. Is he/she/it?

Interogativ plural
I. Are we?
II. Are you?
III. Are they?

17

Verbul To Have
Afirmativ singular
I. I have
II. You have
III. He/She/It has

Afirmativ plural
I. We have
II. You have
III. They have

18

Verbul To Have
Negativ singular
I. I have not
II. You have not
III. He/She/It has not
Prescurtat
I. I havent
II. You havent
III. He/She/It hasnt

Negativ plural
I. We have not
II. You have not
III. They have not
Prescurtat
I. We havent
II. You havent
III. They havent
19

Verbul To Have
Interogativ singular
I. Have I?
II. Have you?
III. Has he/she/it?

Interogativ plural
I. Have we?
II. Have you?
III. Have they?

20

Present Tense Simple

Presentul Simplu se folosete
pentru a exprima o aciune prezent,
general, repetitiv, o stare
permanent i o idee de viitor.
Presentul Simplu este considerat a fi
timpul naraiunii, adic dac dorim s
povestim o niruire de aciuni care
se ntmpl n present trebuie folosit
acest timp.

21

Se formeaz la afirmativ:
SB + Verb Coloana I (la persoana III sg se adaug s, -es)

Exemplu: I go to school every day. (Merg la coal n fiecare zi.)

He goes to school every day.

22

Se formeaz la negativ:

SB + DO NOT/DOES NOT (persoana III sg) +

Vb I (la coloana I)
Exemplu: I do not go to school every day.
I dont go to school every day.
He does not go to school every
day.
He doesnt go to school every
day.

23

Se formeaz la interogativ:
DO/DOES + SB + Vb I ?
Exemplu: Do I go to school every day?
Does he go to school every day?

24

Present Tense Continuous

Presentul Continuu se
folosete pentru a exprima o
aciune care este n desfurare
n momentul vorbirii, o intenie, o
aciune temporar i o stare de
iritare.

25

Se formeaz la afirmativ:
SB + am, are, is + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: I am going to school now.

(Merg la coal acum)
Im going to school now.

26

Se formeaz la negativ:

SB + am, are, is + not + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: I am not going to school now.

27

Se formeaz la interogativ:
Am, are, is + SB + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: Am I going to school now?

28

Past Tense Simple

Trecutul Simplu se folosete pentru
a exprima o aciune care s-a desfurat
ntr-un moment bine definit n trecut i
s-a ncheiat. Este timpul trecut al
naraiunii, adic dac dorim s
povestim o niruire de aciuni care s-au
ntmplat n trecut trebuie folosit acest
timp.

29

Se formeaz la afirmativ:

SB + Vb II, ed (pentru vebele regulate)

Exemplu: I went to school yesterday.

(Am mers la coal ieri.)

30

Se formeaz la negativ:
SB + DID + NOT + Vb I

Exemplu: I did not go to school yesterday.

I didnt go to school yesterday.

31

Se formeaz la interogativ:

DID + SB + Vb I

Exemplu: Did I go to school yesterday?

32

Past Tense Continuous

Trecutul Continuu se folosete pentru a
exprima o aciune care s-a desfurat n
mod continuu ntr-o perioad de timp
bine definit din trecut sau n acelai timp
cuuna sau mai multe aciuni tot din
trecut. n limba romn se traduce prin
imperfect
33

Se formeaz la afirmativ:

SB + was/were + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: I was going to school when you came.

(Mergeam la coal cnd tu ai venit.)

34

Se formeaz la negativ:
SB + was/were + not + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: I was not going to school when you

came.
I wasnt going to school when you came.

35

Se formeaz la interogativ:
Was/were + SB + Vb I + ing

Exemplu: Was I going to school when you came?

36

Future Tense Simple

Viitorul Simplu se folosete
pentru a exprima o aciune care
se va petrece n viitor. Se
folosete shall la persoana I
singular i plural i will la
persoana II i III singular i
plural.

37

Se formeaz la afirmativ:
SB + Shall/Will +Vb I

Exemplu: I shall do my homework tomorrow.

(mi voi face tema mine.)

38

Se formeaz la negativ:

SB + Shall/Will + not + Vb I

Exemplu: I shall not do my homework tomorrow.

39

Se formeaz la interogativ:

Shall/Will + SB + Vb I
Exemplu: Shall I do my homework tomorrow?

40

Infinitive

Past

Past Participle

Romanian Translation

Was / were

Been

A fi

Began

Begun

A ncepe

Broke

Broken

A rupe, a sparge

Brought

Brought

A aduce

Bought

Bought

A cumpra

Chose

Chosen

A alege

Came

Come

A veni

Cost

Cost

A costa

Cut

Cut

A tia

Did

Done

A face

To Be
To Begin
To Break
To Bring
To Buy
To Choose
To Come
To Cost
To Cut
To Do

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Drew

Drawn

A desena

Drank

Drunk

A bea

Drove

Driven

A conduce

Ate

Eaten

A mnca

Fell

Fallen

A cdea

Fed

Fed

A hrni

Felt

Felt

A simi

Found

Found

A gsi

Flew

Flown

A zbura

Forgot

Forgotten

A uita

To Draw
To Drink
To Drive
To Eat
To Fall
To Feed
To Feel
To Find
To Fly
To Forget

42

Got

Got, gotten (AE)

A lua

Gave

Given

A da

had

Had

A avea

Heard

Heard

A auzi

Hit

Hit

A lovi

Hurt

Hurt

A rni

Kept

Kept

A ine, a pstra

Knew

Known

A tii

Left

Left

A lsa, a prsi

Lit

Lit

A aprinde

To Get
To Give
To Have
To Hear
To Hit
To Hurt
To Keep
To Know
To Leave
To Light

43

Lost

Lost

A pierde

Made

Made

A face

Meant

Meant

A nsemna

Met

Met

A ntlni

Overtook

Overtaken

A depi

Paid

Paid

A plti

Put

Put

A pune

Read

Read

A citi

Rode

Ridden

A clri

Ran

Run

A fugi

To Lose
To Make
To Mean
To Meet
To Overtake
To Pay
To Put
To Read
To Ride
To Run

44

Said

Said

A spune

Saw

Seen

A vedea

Sent

Sent

A trimite

Shook

Shaken

A scutura,

Sang

Sung

A cnta

Sank

Sunk

A se scufunda

Sat

Sat

A sta jos

Slept

Slept

A dormi

Spoke

Spoken

A vorbi

Stood

stood

A sta n picioare

To Say
To See
To Send
To Shake
To Sing
To Sink
To sit
To Sleep
To Speak
To Stand
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Stuck

Stuck

A (se) lipi

Swam

Swum

A nota

Took

Taken

A lua

Taught

Taught

A nva pe cineva

Told

Told

A spune

Thought

Thought

A gndi

Understood

Understood

A nelege

Woke up

Woken up

A se trezi

Wore

Worn

A purta

Won

Won

A ctiga

Wrote

Written

A scrie

To Stick
To Swim
To Take
To Teach
To Tell
To Think
To Understand
To Wake up
To Wear
To Win
To Write

46

Numeralul
0-9

11-19

10, 20, ...., 90

21-29, ..., 91-99

0 zero

11 eleven

10 ten

21 twenty one

1 one

12 twelve

20 twenty

22 twenty two

2 two

13 thirteen

30 thirty

23 twenty - three

3 three

14 - fourteen

40 - forty

24 twenty - four

4 four

15 fifteen

50 fifty

25 twenty - five

5 five

16 sixteen

60 sixty

26 twenty - six

6 six

17 - seventeen

70 seventy

27 twenty - seven

7 seven

18 eighteen

80 eighty

28 twenty - eight

8 eight

19 nineteen

90 - ninety

29 twenty - nine

9 - nine

47

100 one hundred / a hundred

101 one hundred and one
325 three hundred and twenty five
1000 one thousand / a thousand
1 504 one thousand five hundred and four
1 000 000 one million / a million

48

I am a student in Arad and I am 19 years old. Maria is a

student, too.
She is 20 years old. I am from Arad and Maria is from
Timisoara. We are friends. Tom and Mihai are friends. They
are students, too. Tom is from Britain and he is in Arad now.
Mihai is from Romania, from Iasi.
Today is our first day at the faculty. We are happy to meet our
colleagues. 'Hello! I'm Helen. What's your name?'
'My name is Maria. Where are you from?'
'I am from Arad, and you?'
'I am from Timisoara. Nice to meet you.' 'Nice to meet you. '
There are many students at the faculty today. They are happy
to meet new people and make new friends.
49

day = zi
first = primul, prima
friend = prieten
from = de la, din
happy = fericit
make = a face
meet = a (se) intillni
name=nume
new = nou, noua, noi
now=acum
people = oameni
that = aceea,acela

there are = sunt, se afla, exista

there is = este, se afla, exista
these = acestea, acestia
this = aceasta, acesta
those = acelea, aceia
today = astazi
50

Formule de prezentare.
How do you do? = ce mai faceti?
Nice to meet you = imi face placere sa te
cunosc
Nice meeting you =
Let me introduce to you = da- mi
voie sa-ti prezint pe ..
This is ..( prenumele persoanei) = se
foloseste informal, intre prieteni, colegi

51

Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________________
TEST 1
1
Change the sentences into negatives sentences or questions.
0
Its Thursday today. (question) Is it Thursday today?
1
She is at home. (negative) ___________________________________________
2
Anna is hungry. (question) __________________________________________
3
This answer is wrong. (negative) _____________________________________
4
Your sister works in the morning. (question) ____________________________
5
Katy likes tennis. (negative) _________________________________________
6
They watch T.V. in the afternoon. (negative) ____________________________
7
They eat vegetables. (question) _______________________________________
8
Mehmet drinks coffee. (question) _____________________________________
9
We play basketball at the weekend. (negative) ___________________________
10
George wants to go to the cinema. (question) ____________________________
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

Alice goes/go to school by bus.
They is/are in the living-room.
Harry and Peter works/work in Manchester.
My uncle sings/sing in a rock group.
Joe dont/doesnt like chocolate.
Peter is/am Australian.
I have/has a new CD.
My cat is/are thirsty.
Jane get up/gets up at 7 oclock.
The children often play/plays in the park.
It rains/rain a lot in Dublin.

52

3. Read the paragraph. Choose the best word for each space.
My name (0) B David Jackson. I (1) ______ in an office in the city. I (2) ______ work at 9.00 and usually (3)
______ at 4.30. I sometimes (4) ______ lunch with my friend, Karen. She works in the same office as me.
We always (5) ______ to the same caf. I (6) ______ a sandwich and Karen (7) ______ hamburger. We both
(8) ______ coffee with our lunch. After lunch Karen and I often (9) ______ for a walk in the park, but we
always (10) ______ back at the office by 2.00.
0 A are
B is
C am
1 A work
B working
C works
2 A starts
B start
C started
3 A finishes
B finishs
C finish
4 A eats
B eaten
C eat
5 A goes
B go
C gone
6 A has
B having
C have
7 A has
B having
C have
8 A drinks
B drink
C drinking
9 A going
B go
C goed
10
A arrive
B arrives
C arrived
4 Change the verbs in brackets into the present continuous.
0 It (rain) is raining today.
1 I (read) ________________ a very good magazine at the moment.
2 Joe and Ron (play) ________________ football.
3 The police officer (talk) ________________ to us.
4 I (make) ________________ a cup of coffee.
5 The train (arrive) ________________ .
6 Bob (come) ________________ to school early today.
7 We (study) ________________ for our tests.
8 Lots of people (listen) ________________ the radio at the moment.
9 You (stand) ________________ on my foot!
10
Hurry up! The bus is (leaving) ________________ .

53

Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.

0 I (finish) finished my exams last week.
1 Yesterday, Simon (walk) ________________ to the supermarket.
2 The plane (arrive) ________________ on time.
3 We (play) ________________ tennis for two hours.
4 A bird (fly) ________________ into the window.
5 It (begin) ________________ to snow.
6 My family (go) ________________ to Spain for a holiday.
7 Clare (bring) ________________ her new book to school.
8 The children (wear) ________________ their best clothes.
9 I (have) ________________ to talk to the teacher after school.
10
Graham was ill so he (stay) ________________ at home all day.
6 Underline the correct word in each sentence.
0 Do/Did/Dont Sue want to go shopping?
1 The shop do/didnt/dont open at 9.30.
2 I does/didnt/dont answer the question.
3 Do/Did/Dont you see him yesterday?
4 Does/Did/Dont they come to the disco?
5 He do/didnt/dont wash the clothes.
6 Do/Did/Dont your Mother cook your lunch?
7 My dog do/didnt/dont do it!
8 I do/doesnt/didnt go to the cinema.
9 I doesnt/do/didnt hear you.
10
Does/Did/Doesnt you go to bed early?

54

TEST 2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Change the sentences into negatives sentences or questions.

Its Friday today. (question) Is it Friday today?
He is at home today. (question) _______________________________________
Alice is happy. (negative) ___________________________________________
Your mum wants an apple. (question) _________________________________
Your father works in the evening. (question) ____________________________
Roma likes basketball. (negative) _____________________________________
He eats fruit. (question) _____________________________________________
This answer is correct. (negative)) ____________________________________
They drive to the match. (question) ___________________________________
Miguel likes reading. (negative) ______________________________________
They watch videos in the morning. (negative) ___________________________

2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

Anna goes/go to school on foot.
It rains/rain a lot in Manchester.
We is/are in the house.
My cousin play/plays in a band.
Sue is/am American.
My cats is/are hungry.
I want/wants a new jacket.
Ella doesnt/dont like coffee.
Henry and Carla works/work in Paris.
She go/goes to bed late.
The girls sometimes paint/paints at school.
55

Read the paragraph. Choose the best word for each space.
My name (0) A Sandra Marshall. I (1) _____ in a big shop in Oxford. I (2) _____ work early, at 7 0clock,
but I (3) _____ early too, at 3 0clock. I (4) _____ my lunch at midday, with my friends. We sometimes (5)
_____ to a restaurant, but usually we (6) _____ in a caf. My friend Leo usually (7) _____ pasta and I (8)
_____ a sandwich. On the way home from work I often (9) _____ at the bakers and
(10) _____ a cake for my tea. I never get a big one though!!
0 A is
B am
C are
1 A works
B working
C work
2 A starts
B start
C started
3 A finishes
B finish
C finished
4 A have
B having
C had
5 A goes
B gone
C go
6 A eat
B ate
C eats
7 A have
B having
C has
8 A had
B have
C has
9 A stop
B stopped C stops
10
A buying
B by
C buy
4 Change the verbs in brackets into the present continuous.
0 It (rain) is raining again.
1 I (sit) ________________ on the sofa.
2 We (study) ________________ for our exams.
3 The teacher (shout) ________________ to us.
4 Mum is (cook) ________________ the dinner.
5 The bus (arrive) ________________ .
6 George (come) ________________ to school late today.
7 I (read) ________________ a very good book at the moment.
8 William and Ali (play) ________________ basketball.
9 The children (go) ________________ to the park now.
10
He (make) ________________ a cup of tea.

56

Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.

0 I (finish) finished my book last week.
1 A plane (fly) ________________ over our house.
2 Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch.
3 The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late.
4 My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday.
5 John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school.
6 Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday.
7 It (begin) ________________ to rain.
8 We (play) ________________ football for hours.
9 My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday.
10
We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool.
6 Underline the correct word in each sentence.
0 Do/Did/Dont James want to go home?
1 My cat do/didnt/dont do it!
2 Rosie do/didnt/dont answer the telephone.
3 Does/Did/Dont they go to the party?
4 Do/Did/Dont you hear me?
5 The library do/didnt/dont close at 5.00.
6 Does/Doesnt/Did you have a good time?
7 He do/didnt/dont wash the dishes.
8 You do/doesnt/didnt go to school.
9 Do/Did/Dont your father cook your dinner?
10
They do/didnt/doesnt catch the bus.
57

Pentru examen (data probabila

ianuarie 2013, ora , SUPA)
Verbele To BE, To HAVE
Lista verbele neregulate
Toate cele 4 timpuri studiate (Present Simple,
Present Continuous, Past Simple, Future
Simple)
Traducere text studiat din engleza in romana
Numeralul
Cele 2 teste aduse pe foaie separat, fiind luate
in considerare ca studiu pe parcursul
semestrului
58