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6
CALCULUL STRUCTURILOR STATIC NEDETERMINATE PRIN
METODA FORELOR
EXEMPLU DE CALCUL
I. Trasarea diagramelor de eforturi N, V, M pentru cadrul din figura 1, acionat de fore.
Date numerice:
L=3.65 [m]
H=3.65 [m]
p=12 [kN/m]
F=18 [kN]
F
6 I0
0,6H
I0
8 I0
6 I0
I0
2,19m
p
4
18kN
12kN/m
I0
4 I0
3,65m
I0
4 I0
1,5L
8 I0
5,475m
3,65m
18kN
6 I0
I0
2,19m
12kN/m
4
3,65m
x3
x3
3,65m
3,65m
S.B.1
x2
x1
8 I0
I0
4 I0
3,65m
5,475m
18kN
6
6 I0
I0
2,19m
x3
12kN/m
8 I0
I0
3,65m
x2
S.B.3
4 I0
x1
3,65m
5,475m
x1
x3
12kN/m
4 I0
6 I0
I0
2,19m
8 I0
I0
S.B.2
x2
5,475m
21x1 22 x 2 23 x 3 2 p 0
31x1 32 x 2 33 x 3 3p 0
3. Calculul coeficienilor ij (i,j = 1, 2, 3)
3.1. Se ncarc succesiv sistemul de baz cu aciuni reale/virtuale egale cu 1 / 1 pe
direcia fiecrei necunoscute xi (i = 1, 2, 3) n parte i se traseaz diagramele M i / M i :
M 56 M 65 M 36 M 63 0;
M 25 M 52 M 56 M 65 M 36 M 63 0;
M 25 0; M14 0
2,19m
3,65
M 52 1 3,65 3,65 M 54 M 45 M 41
2,19m
3,65
4
3,65
3,65
M1,M1
3,65m
M2 ,M2
3,65m
1,1
3,65m
3,65m
1,1
5,475m
5,475m
5,475
3
2,19m
M 25 M 52 0; M 36 0;
1,1
9,125
M 63 1 5, 475 5, 475 M 65 M 56 M 54 ;
5
4
5,475
M3,M3
3,65m
1
3,65m
5,475m
11
11
1
1
3,65 3, 65 3,65
EI0
8EI 0
2
1
3,65 3,65 3,65 50,653
;
3
EI 0
2
M2 M2
dx
EI
1 1
2
1
1 1
2
22
3,65 3,65 3,65
3,65 3,65 3,65
3,65 3,65 3,65
EI0 2
3
4EI 0 2
3
8EI 0
1
;
22 68,888
EI 0
22
M3 M3
dx
0
EI
l
33
1
1
1 1
2
3,65
1
33
l M M
M1 M 2
1
dx 2
dx
0
EI
EI
1
1
1
12 21
3,65 3,65 3,65
EI 0
2
8EI 0
l
12 21
13 31
13 31
1
EI 0
M1 M 3
dx
EI
1
3,65
1
3,65 3,65 9,125
2 3,65 9,125 3,65 5, 475 128,153
;
EI 0
6E 8I 0
EI 0
M2 M3
dx
0
EI
23 32
23
1
3,65 3,65 3,65 27, 353
;
EI 0
2
1
1
9,125 5, 475
1
3,65 3,65
72,941
2
EI 0
4. Verificarea coeficienilor ij :
4.1. Se nsumeaz toi coeficienii ij :
3
i,j1
ij
1
1
50,653 68,888 403, 503 2 ( 27, 353) 2 128,153 2 ( 72,941) 578,764
EI 0
EI 0
M41 9,125;
1,1
1,825
9,125
2,19m
4
3,65
MS , MS
3,65m
12,775
3,65m
1, 1
1,1
5,475m
ss
2 9,125 2 2 12,775 2 2 9,125 12,775
3, 65 3,65 3, 65
6EI 0
4EI 0 2
3
ss
1
3,651
5, 475 3,65 5, 475
2 9,1252 2 1,825 2 2 9,125 1,825
EI 0
6E 8I 0
1
1
2
1
Se constat c
i ,j1
(%)
ij
578,764
1
1
ss 579,980
, dar eroarea relativ (%) este:
EI 0
EI 0
579,980 578,764
578,764
I0
2,19m
2,19m
12kN/m
8 I0
I0
3,65m
39,42
4 I0
3,65m
39,42
Mp (kNm)
3,65m
5
4
5,475m
185,055
3,65m
5,475m
M 25 M 52 M 36 M 63 M 65 0;
3,65
185,055kNm
2
39,42
3,65
185,055
M p M1
185,055
3,65
2 39, 42 3,65 2 185,055 3,65 3,65 185,055 3,65 39, 42
EI
6EI 0
1 2
1
3,65
1
EI 0 3
8EI 0
2
EI 0
1p
dx
Mp M2
EI
2p
dx
3,65
1 2
1
2 39, 42 3,65 185,055 3,65
19,983 3.65 3,65
6EI 0
EI 0 3
2
1
1
39, 42 3,65 3,65 562,859
8EI 0
EI 0
l
Mp M3
EI
3p
dx
3,65
2 39, 42 9,125 2 185,055 9,125 185,055 9,125 39, 42 9,125
6EI 0
9,125 5, 475 1 1
39, 42 3,65
EI 0 2
2
1
1 12 3,65
3, 65 9,125 3662,109
3
EI
EI 0
8
1 2
1
19,983 3.65 9,125
EI 0 3
8EI 0
i 1
ip
1
1
1350,618 562,859 3662,109 4449,868
EI 0
EI 0
Mp Ms
EI
sp
dx
1
EI 0
1
39, 42 2,19 5, 475
2
8EI 0
9,125 3,65
39, 42 3,65
3,65
2 39, 42 9,125 2 185,055 12,775 9,125 185,055 39, 42 12,775
6EI 0
1 12 3,652 2 9,125 12,775
1
4466, 280
EI 0
8
3
2
EI
Se constant c
i 1
ip
4449,868
1
1
sp 4466, 280
, dar eroarea (%) este:
EI 0
EI 0
3
8. Trasarea diagramelor finale de eforturi
Se ncarc sistemul de baz cu aciunile precizate i cu necunoscutele xi, determinate i
se traseaz diagramele N, V, M.
18kN
6 I0
I0
2,19m
3,24kN
12kN/m
4
8 I0
4 I0
I0
3,65m
3,30kN
20,23kN
3,65m
5,475m
14,70
3,24
N 45 N 54 18 3, 30 14,70kN;
N63 N 36 0
N(kN)
23,47
20,23
-
18,0
V41 18 3, 30 14,70kN;
3,24
14,7
23,47
3,30
V(kN)
58,5
3,65
81,65kNm;
2
M 41 20, 23 3,65 3, 30 3,65 18 2,19 3, 24 (5, 475 3,65) 51,94kNm M 45 ; M 25 0;
M14 20, 23 3,65 3, 24 (5,475 3,65) 18 (2,19 3, 65) 12 3,65
33,73
51,94
21,68
12,05
M(kNm)
81,65
9. Verificri finale
9.1. Verificri statice
9.1.1. Verificarea echilibrului nodurilor
21,68
NOD 4
NOD 5
14,7 51,94
23,47
33,73
3,24
NOD 6
18
23,47
17,74
18
3,24
14,7
3,30
14,7
20,23
23,47
18
3,24
17,74
12,05
51,94
NOD 4
F 0 14,7 14,7 0
F 0 23, 47 23, 47 0
M 0 51,94 51,94 0
NOD 5
F 0 18 3, 30 14,70 0
F 0 23, 47 3, 24 20, 23 0
M 0 21,68 12,05 33,73 0
x
NOD 6
F 0 18 18 0
F 0 3, 24 3, 24 0
M 0 17,74 17,74 0
x
2,19m
12kN/m
M56:
2,19
3,24kN
21,681kNm
3,65m
3,65m
5,475m
5,475
18kN
2,19
12kN/m
M54:
3.24kN
2,19m
5,475
33,726kNm
3,65m
3,30kN
3,65
20,23kN
3,65m
5,475m
2,19
18kN
2,19m
3.24kN
3,65
12kN/m
3,65
M14:
3,65m
3,65
5,475 9,125
81,6505
3,65
3.30kN
20.23kN
5,475m
3,65m
18kN
3, 65
81,6505 0
2
17.739kNm
3,24kN
2,19m
12kN/m
M63:
3,65m
3,65m
5,475m
5,475
3,65
1 12 3,652
2
1
2 51,94 3,65 3, 65 33,73
48EI 0
EI 0
8
3
EI 0
197,8124 196,9601
196,9601
100 0, 48% 1%
0,75a
F/2
F/2
8kN
1,6125m
8kN
8kN
4kN
4kN
2,15m
2,15m
2,15m
2,15m
8kN
8kN
x2
1,6125m
x1
4kN
2,15m
4kN
x2
x1
2,15m
2,15m
2,15m
11x1 12 x 2 1p l 34
21x1 22 x 2 2p l 47
2,6875
2,6875
x1 ; l 47
x
EA 0
EA 0 2
2,6875
11x1 12 x 2 1p EA x1
x x 2,6875 x
2p
2
21 1 22 2
EA 0
1,6125m
1,1
0,6
2,15m
1,1
2,15m
0,6
0,8
0
0
0
0
2,15m
2,15m
Fx 0 N12 0
Nod 1 :
Fy 0 N13 0
Fx 0 N75 0
Nod 7 :
Fy 0 N76 0
3
N3 5
1,1
N32
Fx 0 N87 0
Nod 8 :
Fy 0 N86 0
Fx 0 N 65 0
Nod 6 :
Fy 0 N64 0
Fx 0 N 35 1 cos 0 N 35 0,8
Nod 3 :
Fy 0 N 32 1 sin 0 N 32 0,6
N 25
0,6
N24
0,8
N 54
1,6125m
2,15m
R H2 R V 2 R V6 0
Fx 0 N12 0
Nod 1 :
Fy 0 N13 0
Fx 0 N 35 0
Nod 3 :
Fy 0 N 32 0
1,1
N46
0,6
1,1
2,15m
1,1
N4 5
0,8
0
0,6
0,8
2,15m
2,15m
Fx 0 N 87 0
Nod 8 :
Fy 0 N86 0
Fx 0 N 25 0
Nod 2 :
Fy 0 N 24 0
Fx 0 N 46 1 cos 0 N 46 0, 8
Nod 4 :
Fy 0 N 45 1 sin 0 N 45 0, 6
N75
Fx 0 N 75 1 cos 0 N 75 0, 8
Nod 7 :
Fy 0 N 76 1 sin 0 N 76 0, 6
1,1
N7 6
N65
0,6
0,8
8kN
5,333kN
1,6125m
4kN
N
7k
6
6
12kN
6,
6,
66
6,6
67
kN
5,333kN
N
7k
6
6,6
5,333kN
8kN
12kN
2,15m
2,15m
R v6 = 16kN
0 R V2 4, 30 4 6, 45 8 4, 30 8 2,15 4 2,15 0
R V2 16kN R V6
0 R H2 0
N13
8kN
N12
N3 5
5,333
12
N 25
(structur simetric
ncrcat simetric)
N24
16kN
6,667
2,15m
R v2 = 16kN
4kN
5,333kN
2,15m
7k
N
N 32
5,333
5,333
6,667
6,667
N54
N1 N1 l
EA
N2 N2 l
EA
N1 N 2 l
EA
N p N1 l
Np N 2 l
EA
EA
5,333
-6,667
EA
0,8
-5,333
1,376/EA0
-9,173/EA0
3-2
1,612 EA
0,6
12
0,5805/EA0
11,61/EA0
2-5
2,687 EA
-1
6,667
2,6875/EA0
-17,916/EA0
2-4
2,15
EA
0,8
1,376/EA0
5-4
1,612 EA
0,6
0,6
5-6
2,687 EA
-1
6,667
2,6875/EA0
-17,916/EA0
5-7
2,15
EA
0,8
-5,333
1,376/EA0
-9,1731/EA0
4-6
2,15
EA
0,8
1,376/EA0
6-7
1,612 EA
0,6
12
0,5805/EA0
11,61/EA0
6-8
2,15
EA
5,333
7-8
2,687 EA
-6,667
Bar
l(m)
EA N1 (N1 ) N 2 (N 2 )
1-2
2,15
EA
1-3
2,687 EA
3-5
2,15
x1
9, 288x1 0, 5805x 2 15, 48
EA 1
EA
EA
EA
x 2 1, 5686 kN
N f N1 x 1 N 2 x 2 N p
N12 0 1, 5686 0 1,5686 5, 333 5, 333 kN
N13
N 35
N 32
N 25
N 24
N 54
-15,48/EA0
N 56
N 57
N 46
N67
N68
N78
N 34
N 47