GLOSSARY 1

By resorting to longer
defining expressions
ba rzt t l d
fan kspren z
Recurgndu-se la expresii
definitorii mai ample
Shades of a given basic
colour
edz v vn besk kl Nuane ale unei culori date de
baz
Scarlet sklt Rou intens, stacojiu
Crimson krmzn Rou nchis, purpuriu
Carmine kman Rou aprins, carmin
Cerise sriz Rou cireiu, rozalb
Light red lat red Rou deschis
Dark red dk red Rou nchis
On the contrary n kntrri Dimpotriv
Primary terms for... pramri tmz f Termini primary pentru
(examinarea+G)
Is revealed more evidently z rvild mr evdntli Se evideniaz i mai clar
Separate units seprt junts Uniti separate
Where Romanian uses only
one
we rmenn jusz nli
wn
n vreme ce Romnia
folosete doar una (opoz. Fals
temp/loc)
Distinguishes between dstwz btwin A face distincie ntre..
Used separately juzd seprtli Folosite separat (adv.)
Equivalent kwvlnt Echivalent
One-to-one correspondence wn t wn krspndns Coresponden biunivoc (de
la termen la termen)
The list is fairly long lst s feli l Lista... este destul de lung
In the case of whole
utterances
n kes v hl trnsz n cazul unor ntregi enunuri
To inquire about tu nkwar bat A se interesa de
A ntreba + Ac/ de
Which translates literally
(simple t)
wt trnzlets ltrli Ceea ce traduce ad litteram/
literae
Mot--mot
Lat. litera,-ae sau
liera,-ae idem
Literary ltrri Literar
Litter 1 lt 1. Targ, lectic
Litter 2 2. Animale abia ftate
Gunoi, vraite
To litter (up) 1. A mprtia (up)
A aterne paie (down)
2. A murdri
Each language segments
reality
it lwd sements
rlti
Fiecare limb segmenteaz
realitatea
Segment sement Segment
To segment t sement A segmenta
Segmental sementl Cu caracterc segmental
De ordonare sintagmatic
(pe orizontal)
1
Slightly different slatli dfrnt Uor diferite
A slight difference slat dfrns O uoar diferen
Resides precisely in finding
out the semantic solution
rzadz prsasli n fand
at smntk slun
Const tocmai n gsirea
soluiei semnatice
Having found the
appropriate semantic units
hv fand i prprit
smntk junts
Odat gsite (dup ce s-au
gsit) unitile semantice
adecvate
The speaker's next task is to
insert...
spikrz nekst tsk s tu
nst
Sarcina imediat urmtoare a
vorbitorului este s insereze
(s introduc)
To make certain changes t mek stn tendz S opereze anumite
modificri
Male |mel Mascul
De sex brbtesc (-fem)
Female mel Femel
De sex femeiesc (+fem)
A bouncing object bans bdekt Un obiect bondisant; care
sare cnd ia contct cu solul,
execut bonduri (e.g. un avion
cnd aterizeaz prost)
To make the message clear t mek mesd kl A face mesajul explicit
In a given order n vn d ntr-o ordine dat
ntr-o anumit ordine
To provide more information t prvad mr
nfmen
A furniza informaii
suplimentare
The participants in the event
described
ptspnts n i vent
dskrabd
Protagonitii evenimentului
prezentat
To be left as such t bi left z st A fi lsat ca atare
In status quo ante (cum o f)
Anything definite eni defnt Nimic precis
Further specifications f spesfkenz Specificrile ulterioare
Habitual action hbtl kn Aciune habitual
(frecvent/obinuit)
Action in progress kn n prres Aciune n curs de desfurare
Necessary distinctions nessri dstkn z Discuii necesare
Simultaneous smltens Simultan/
Emphasis in laid on
indicating completion of an
action
emfss n led n ndket
kmplin v n kn
Se pune accent pe indicarea
caracterului finit (terminat) al
aciunii
Repeat an action rpit n kn A repeta o actiune
Morpheme mm Morfem
Their meaning load is less
conspicuous
e min ld iz les
knspkjs
ncrctura lor semantic este
mai puin detectabil
Seems to be absent simz t bi bsnt Pare s lipseasc
Free morphemes fri mmz Morpheme libere (pot
funciona ca uniti de rang
imediat superior-cuvinte)
Bound morphemes band mmz Morpheme legate
2
(dependente)
Are attached to affixes r ttt tu fksz Se ataeaz la..
Afixe
In order to inflect them for
certain grammatical
categories
n d tu nekt m f
stn rmtkl ktrz
Pentru a le flexiona n
vederea exprimrii anumitpr
categorii gramaticale
Inflectional morphemes neknl mmz Morfeme flexionare
Structural sequences strktrl sikwnsz Secvene structurale
Constructional
characteristics
knstrkn l
krktrstks
Caracetristici construcionale/
de construcie
Construction knstrkn Construcia
Secvena combinatorie de
baz
Main clause |men klz Regent
Subordinate clause sbdnet klz Subordonat
The book is out of print bk s at v prnt Cartea s-a epuizat (i s-a
vndut tot traijul)
Their specialization is
discharging certain functions
in the sentence
e spelazen z
dstd stn fkn z n
sentns
Specializarea lor n
ndeplinirea anumitor funcii
n propoziie
Nouns function typically as
subjects in the sentence
nanz fkn tpkl i z
sbdekts n sentns
Substantivele funcioneaz
definitoriu ce subiect ntr-o
propoziie (se definesc prin
aceea c pot func)
One could construct 8000
theoretically possible
sentences
wn kd knstrkt et
azn d retkli psbl
sentnsz
s-ar putea construi 8000 de
enunuri theoretic posibile
Abnormal bnml Anormal, neobinuit
Lat. Anormalis,e + b analogic
nejusificat fonetic, ci
emphatic
Animate object nmt bdekt Complement animat
(exprimat prin subst. Cu
sensul (+ animate)
Embedding mbed Implantare
Inserie
Malt mlt Mal (orz ncolit i mcinat)
De fcut bere & whisky
A productive device prdktv dvas Procedeu productive (care d
frecvent rezultate poziive)
To gain flexibility t en fleksblti A dobndi flexibilitate (a se
adecva cerinelor)
Transformations trnsfmen z Reguli de transformare (GTG)
The grammatical encoding
stage
rmtkl nkd
sted
Etapa codajului grammatical
(Theory of Information+ GTG)
To go into all the details t nt l ditelz A intra n toate amnuntele
Interlocutor ntlkjt Interlocutor
Conlocutor
The activities of the speaker | i ktvz v spik Activitile de pn aici ale
3
thus far have been... s f hv bin vorbitorului au fost...
The is no way for the
interlocutor to take
cognizance of them
z n we f i
ntlkjt t tek
knzns v m
Nu exist nici o posibilitate ca
interlocutorul s ia cunotin
de ele
To convey the message via a
medium that would impinge
on his sense
t knve mesd var
midm t wd mpnd
n z sens
S transimt mesajul printr-
un mijloc care s-i impacteze
simurile (s acioneze efectiv
asupra simurilor)
The obvious choice is on
hearing
i bvs ts z n hr Opiunea fireasc este n
favoarea auzului
Phonology fnldi Fonologie
Phonological fnldkl Fonologic (adj.)
A string of morphemes str v mmz Un lan de morpheme
See si v.
The String Analysis str nlss Analiza n lanuri
To be converted into t bi knvtd nt A se converti n (pasiv)
Each separate morpheme it seprt mm Fiecare morfeu n parte
A more ingenuous method mr ndenjs med O metod mai ingenioas
To represent t riprzent A reprezenta
Representation reprzenten Reprezentare
Representative reprzenttv Reprezentant (s)
Reprezentativ (adj.)
Phonemes fnimz Foneme
The sentence discussed
above
sentns dskst bv Enunul discutat mai sus
In the following manner n fl mn n felul urmtor
Numerous njumrs Numerous
The sense of sight sens v sat Simul vzului
In communicating via written
language
n kmjunket va rtn
lwd
n comincarea prin limbajul
scris
Gestures destz Gesture
The facial expression fel kspren Expresia feei
Is to be regarded as z t bi rdd z Trebuie considerat ca
A derived by-product of
speaking
dravd ba prdkt v
spik
Un produs derivate i
secundar al vorbirii
Is nevertheless marginal in
relation to the essence of
language
z nevles mdnl n
rlen t i esns v
lwd
Este totui marginal/periferic
n raport cu esena limbajului
As a communicative system z kmjunktv sstm Ca sistem de comunicare
Inflected words nektd wdz Cuvinte flexionate (modificate
formal ca efect al flexiunii)
The so-called double-
articulation of language
s kld dbl
:tkjulen v lwd
Aa numita (A. Martinet)
dubl articulare a limbajului
First language fst lwd I Mai nti limbajul
Articulates (segments) tkjulets sements Articuleaz (segmenteaz)
Reality into rlti nt Realitatea n
4
Grammatical units rmtkl junts Uniti gramaticale
Semantic units smntkjunts Uniti semantice
Then the morphemes en mmz II Apoi morfemele
As the units of grammar are
articulated into their
component
z junts v rmr r
tkjuletd nt e km
pnnt
Ca uniti ale gramaticii se
articuleaz n fonemele din
care se compun
Phonemes fnimz Foneme
Devoid of meaning dvd v min Lipsite de sens
Their sole function e sl fkn Unica lor funcie
Distinctive dstktv Distinctiv
To keep morphemes apart
from one another
t kip mmz pt frm
wn n
A distinge morfemele unul de
altul
An illustrative example n lstrtv zmpl Un exemplu ilustrativ
Linguistic monstrosities lwstk mnstrstz Monstruoziti lingvistice
Misprint msprnt Greeal de tipar
Monstrous mnstrs Monstrous (adj.)
Follow certain well defined
rules of pattering
fl stn wel dfand
rulz v ptr
Urmeaz anumite reguli de
structurare bine definite
Clusters of units klstz v junts Ansambluri de uniti
Restrictions rstrkn z Restricii
Combinatorial possibilities kmbantrl psbltz Posibiliti combinatorii
To clothe t kl A mbrca (v.t)
-Pe cineva
-Ceva
Clothed kld
Clad kld
To clothe in words t kl n wdz A mbrca n cuvinte (poetic)
Clothed with authority kld w r Investit (calc) cu autoritate
Snow-clad sn kld nvemntat n zpad
To spin t spn A toarce
Span/spun spn spn
Spun spn
Spun cotton spn ktn Fire de bumbac
Fire de tort (Cobuc)
Spun gold spn ld Fire de aur
Pal pl Camarad, prieten
To pal up t pl p A se mprieteni
A se asocia
Voiceless consonants vsls knsnnts Consoane surde
Voiced consonants vst knsnnts Consoane sonore
Sibilants sblnts Sibilante
Consoane uiertoare
3 successive stages ri sksesv stedz Trei etape succesive
For didactic reasons f ddktk riznz Din motive didactice
Are performed
simultaneously
pfmd smltensli Se efectueaz simultan
The phonemes are
constructs of the mind
fnimz knstrkts v
mand
Fonemele sunt constructe ale
intelectului (v. Em. Vasiliu)
5
Decisions as to/ (on) what
concrete sounds are going to
be produced
dsn z z t n wt
kkrit sandz t
bi prdjust
Decizii cu privire la sunetele
concrete ce urmeaz a fi
produse
To decide on t dsad n A decide cu privire la
Arrangement for rendmnt f Aranjament n vederea
Speech organs spit nz Organele vorbirii
Neatly and distinctly nitli nd dstktli Clar i distinct
To blur t bl A estompa, a face neclar
To bleach t blit A estompa
A splci (sunetele)
To occur tu k A aprea n context
Occurrence krns Ocuren
Apariie n context
Cooccurrence k krns Co-ocuren
The immediately following
vowel
i midtli fl val Vocala imediat urmtoare
Similar but not identical smil bt nt adentkl Similare dar un identice
Articulatory phonetics tkjltri fnetks Fontica articulatorie
To interact tu ntrkt A aciona
ntrunit
Fairly similar feli sml Destul de asemntoare
Irrespective of rspektv v Indiferent de
This, however, is not the
case
s haev z nt kes Nu acesta este ns cazul
Lucrurile nu stau ns chiar
aa
The phonological codes of
the languages in question
fnldkl kdz v
lwdz n kwestn
Codurile fonologice ale
limbilor respective (n
discuie)
The instructions sent from
the brain
i nstrkn z sent frm
bren
Instruciunile transmise de la
creier
The continuum of sound kntnjum v sand Continuum-ul sonor
Sound waves sand wevz Unde sonore
Acoustic phonetics kustk fnetks Fonetica acustic
The properties of the
message
prptz v mesd Proprietile mesajului
It is the listener that now
takes over in the completion
of the act of communication
t s lsn t na teks
vr n kmplin v i
kt v kmjunken
Asculttorul este acela care
preia acum comanda pentru
finalizarea actului comunicrii
Produce corresponding
vibrations
prdjus krspnd va
bren z
Produc vibraii
corespunztoare
The neural perception of
sound
njrl psepn v
sand
Percepia nervoas (neural) a
sunetului
Subject matter sbdekt mt Obiectul de cercetare
Auditory phonetics dtri fnetks Fonetica auditiv
Performed in reversed order pfmd n rvst d Desfuarte n ordine invers
Have to be interpreted in
terms of the phonemes they
stand for
hv t bi ntprtd n tmz
v fnimz e stnd
f
(sunetele) trebuie
interpretate n termenii
fonemelor pe care le
reprezint
6
The phonological decoding fnldkl dikd Decodajul fonologic
Semantic interpretation smntk ntprten Interpretarea semantic
Identification adentfken Identificare
It would be erroneous to
consider
-that
-X as being
t wd bi rns t
knsd
t
eks z bi
Ar fi eronat s considerm
-c
-x ca fiind
In neat succession n nit sksen n succesiune ordonat
Simultaneous processes smltens prsesz Preocese simultane
Moves back and forth muvz bk nd f Tatoneaz
Cues kjuz Sugestii
Indicaii discrete
To give the right
interpretation to
| t v rat ntprten
tu
A da o interpretare corect +
D
Diagram darm Diagram
Schem
The continuing arrow kntnju r Sgeata continu
The relative sequence in
time
reltv sikwns n tam Relative succesiune n timp
Linguistic sciences lwstk sansz Discipline lingvistice
-Morphology mfldi -Morfologie
-Syntax sntks -Sintax
Graphic representation rfk reprzenten Reprezentare grefic
Place of Phonetics
Interrelated disciplines ntrletd dsplnz Discipline interconexe
(nrudite ntre ele)
The nature of language netr v lwd Natura limbajului
Speech community spit kmjun Comunitate lingvistic
Shared by man alone ed ba mn ln Propriu numai omului
The symbolization process smblazen prses Procesul de simbolizare
A system of signs sstm v sanz Un system de semen
The signifying side snfa sad Latura semnificativ
The concrete. Observable
manifestation of the sign
kkrit bzvbl
mnfesten v san
Manifestarea concret,
perceptibil a semnului
Vocal noises vkl nzz Zgomote vocale (adj.)
Visible marks vzbl mks Semne vizibile
A natural on casual
relationship
ntrl n kl
rlenp
O relaie natural sau de la
cauz la effect
A conventional relationship knvenn l rlenp O relaie convenional
An arbitrary relation n btrri rlen O relaie arbitrar
Arrived at by convention
among its users
ravd t ba knvenn
m ts juzz
La care se ajunge prin
convenie ntre uzajerii si (cei
care o folosesc)
Conventional signs or
symbols
knvenn l sanz smbl z Semen convenionale sau
simboluri
The vast field of human
knowledge and experience
vst ld v hjumn
nld nd ksprns
Domeniul vast al cunoaterii i
experienei umane
Analysable nlazbl Analizabil()
The level of expression levl v kspren Planul expresiei
7
The level of content levl v kntent Planul coninutului
The substance of expression sbstns v kspren Subsatna expresiei
Patterns of arrangement ptn z v rendmnt Modele combinatorii
In keeping with n kip w Conform + D
The expression form i kspren fm Forma expresiei
The substance of the content sbstns v kntent Substana coninutului
The content form kntent fm Forma coninutului
Sublevel sb levl Subnivel
The intricate network of
meaning relations
i ntrkt netwk v
min rlen z
Complicate reea a relaiilor
semantic
Meaningful linguistic units minfl lwstk junts Uniti lingvistice
semnificative (i.e. dotate cu
sens)
A phonetic and phonological
analysis of the expression
level
fnetk nd fnldkl
nlss v i kspren levl
O analiz fonetic i
fonologic a planului expresiei
A syntactic and semantic
analysis of the content level
sntktk nd smntk
nlss v kntent levl
O analiz sintactic i
semantic a planului
coninutului
Graphics rfks Grafia sau
Graphemics rmks Grafemica
Language expression in its
written materialization
lwd kspren n ts
rtn mtrlazen
Expresia limbajului n
materializare asa scris
Criss-crosses the other
distinctions
krskrsz i dstkn z Interfereaz celelalte distincii
(domenii distinct)
A method of investigation
rather than an independent
phonetic science
med v nvesten
r n n ndpendnt
fnetk sans
Mai mult o metod de
investigare dect o disciplin
fonetic independent
The Importance of Ph.
A Theoretical
From both a theoretical and
a practical point of view
frm b retkl nd
prktkl pnt v vju
Att d.p.d.v. theoretic ct i
d.p.d.v. practic
Linguistics constituted itself
as a science
lwstks knsttjutd
tself z sans
Lingvistica s-a constituit ca
tiin
The setting up of language
families
set p v lwd
fmlz
Stabilirea familiilor de limbi
The systematic presentation
of the historical changes
sstmtk preznten
v hstrkl tendz
Prezentarea sistematic a
schimbrilor istorice
Phonetic laws fnetk lz Legile fonetice
Has contributed to
revolutionizing the science of
language in its entirety
hz kntrbjutd t
revlunaz sans v
lwd n ts ntarti
A contribuit la revoluionarea
tiinei limbajului n
ansamblul ei
B Practical
Practical applications prktkl plken z Aplicaii practice
Writing reforms rat rfmz Reforme ortografice
Speech defects spit dfekts Defecte de vorbire
Electronic communication
devices
lektrnk kmjunken
dvasz
Mijloace de comunicare
electronice
The ability to recognize and i blti t reknaz nd Capacitatea de a recunoate
8
produce the sounds of a
foreign language
prdjus sandz v
frn lwd
i de a reproduce sunetele
unei limbi strine
Synchronic phonetics skrnk fnetks Fonetica sincronic
Diachronic or historical
phonetics
dakrnk hstrkl
fnetks
Fonetica istoric sau
diacronic
Related languages rletd lwdz Limbi nrudite
The diachronic approach dakrnk prt Demersul diacronic
(cercetarea diacronic)
Not only distinct but also
opposed in nature
nt nli dstkt bt
ls pzd n net
Nu numai distinct, dar prin
natura lor, opuse
He assumes arbitrarily that hi sjumz btrrili t Admite n mod arbitrar
Postuleaz (idea) c...
A diachronic study conceived
of as a successive description
of synchronic stages
dakrnk stdi knsivd
v z sksesv dskrpn v
skrnk stedz
Un studio diachronic
conceput ca o descriere
succesiv a unor etape
sincronice v. ILR
Comparative phonetics kmprtv fnetks Fonetica comparativ
Relatedness rletdnis nrudire
Linguistic typology lwstk tapldi Tipologie lingvistic
Similarities and differences smlrtz nd dfrnsz Asemnrile i deosebirile
Foreign language learning
and teaching
frn lwd ln nd
t
nvtura i predarea limbilor
strine
Contrastive linguistics kntrstv lwstks Lingvistic contrastiv
Contrastive phonetics kntrstv fnetks Fonetic contrastiv
Applied linguistics plad lwstks Lingvistic aplicat
The theory of translation ri v trnslen Teroia traducerii
Experimental phonetics kspermentl fnetks Fonetic experimental
Instrumental phonetics nstrmentl fnetks
Experimental devices kspermentl dvasz Aparatur experimental
A subsidiary study of
language
sbsdri stdi v
lwd
Un studio subsidiary
(periferic) al limbajului
B Place of Phonetics
Substance is perceived as
such only to the extent to
which its structure is
perceived and interpreted in
some way
sbstns z psivd z st
nli t i kstent t wt ts
strkt z psivd nd
ntprtd n sm we
Substana este conceput ca
atare numai n msura n care
structura ei este conceput
ntr-un anumit fel (Eugen
Coeriu)
Entirety ntarti ntregime
Totalitate
An integrating branch of
linguistics
n ntret brnt v
lwstks
O ramur integratoare a
lingvisticii
Physiology fzldi Fiziologie
Formal pattering and
arrangement
fml ptr nd
rendmnt
Structurarea i aranjarea (lor)
formal ( a sunetelor)
Linguistic schools of thought lwstk skulz v t coli de gndire lingvistice
Phonemics fnimks Fonemica (ramur a
fonologiei n sens larg)
Phonetics is the general term fnetks z denrl tm Termenul general este
fonetica (D. Chioran)
9
A strong dividing line str dvad lan O linie de demarcaie net
Are interdependent and
ultimately condition each
other
r ntdpendnt nd
ltmtli kndn it
Sunt interdependente i n
esen se condiioneaz
reciproc
General phonetics denrl fnetks Fontica general
Part of general linguistics of
English
| pt v denrl lwstks
v l
Parte a lingvisticii generale
Special phonetics spel fnetks Fonetica limbii engleze
Theoretical framework retkl fremwk Foneticile special
The native-like fluency and
accuracy
netv lak unsi nd
kjrsi
Cadrul teoretic
Part and parcel of pt nd psl v Parte integrant din
A phonetically trained
learner
fnetkl i trend ln Un student cu pregtire
fonetic
The techniques of analysing
and describing speech
sounds
tekniks v nlaz
nd dskrab spit sandz
Tehnica analizrii i descrierii
sunetelor
The chief aim of this book tif em v s bk Scopul principal al acestei
cri
Typical difficulties
encountered by
tpkl dfkltz nkantd
ba
Dificultile specifice
ntmpinate de
The methods to be
employed
medz t bi mpld Metodele ce urmeaz a fi
folosite
Corrective phonetics krektv fnetks Fonetica corectiv
R.P.
Received Pronunciation rsivd prnnsen Pronunarea acceptat
Introductory chapter ntrdktri tpt Capitol introductive
National language nnl lwd Limb naional
The United Kingdom junatd kdm Regatul Unit
Australia streli Australia
New Zeeland nju zilnd Noua Zeeland
Instruction nstrkn nvmnt
Public affairs pblk fez Treburile obteti
Afacerile publice
=Viaa social
Variations veren z Variaiuni
Diferenieri
Geographical and social
diversification
drfkl nd sl
davsfken
Diversificare geografic i
social
The diverse varieties davs vratz Diferitele varieti
R.P viz. (namely) that variety
of British English used buy
educated speakers in the
Southern part of England,
including the London area
pi nemli t vra
v brt l juzd ba
edketd spikz n
sn pt v lnd
nklud lndn eri
R.P. i anume acea varietate a
englezei britanice pe care o
folosesc vorbitorii culi din
partea de sud a Angliei,
inclusive zona Londrei
Public boarding-schools pblk bd skulz coli de stat cu internat
To an extent which is
considerable though difficult
to specify
tu n kstent wt z
knsdrbl dfklt t
spesfa
Intr-o msur considerabil,
dei greu de precizat
10
It is probably accurate to say
that...
t s prbbli kjrt t se
t
Este probabil correct s se
afirme c..
University academic
education
junvs kdemk
edken
Formaie universitar
Has acquired the status of
standard pronunciation
hz kwad stets v
stndd prnnsen
A dobndit statutul de
pronunare standard
It is entirely intelligible to... t s ntali nteldbl tu Este perfect inteligibil pentru
Has always been the first
choice in...
hz lwez bin fst ts
n
A constituit ntotdeauna
prima opiune n...
The frequent references to... frkwent refrnsz tu De aici frecventele referiri la...
Sound sand Sunet
Meaning min Inteles
Field ld Camp, domeniu
Phonetics fnetks Fonetica
Necessary nessri Necesar
Various vers Diferiti
Utterance trns Enunt
To convey t knve A transmite
Precisely prsasli Tocmai
To associate with tu ssiet w A asocia cu
Communication kmjunken Comunicare
To internalize tu ntnlaz A internaliza
To relate to t rlet tu A relationa
Concrete kkrit Concret
Specific spsfk Specific
To specify t spesfa A specifica
Synonymous snnms Sinonim
Intervening factors ntvin fktz Factori ce intervin
Internal ntnl Intern
External kstnl Extern
Fatigue f oboseala
Distractions dstrkn z Factori perturbanti
Subconsciously sbknsli Subconstient
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Accurately kjrtli Cu acuratete
Lingusitic competence lwstk kmptns Competenta lingvistica
Interrelated ntrletd Conditionate reciproc
Lingustic performance lwstk pfmns Performanta lingvistica
Behaviour bhevj comportament
Mental mentl Mental
Possessed by pzest ba Posedat de
Directly observable drektli bzvbl Direct observabil
Can be inferred kn bi nfd Poate fi dedus
Physical manifestation fzkl mnfesten Manifestare fizica
Foot note ft nt Nota de subsol
Graph rf Graf (simbol scris)
devices dvasz Procedee
Primary pramri Primar
Secondary sekndri Secundar
Tertiary tri Tertiar
Writing system rat sstm Sistem de scriere
Moreover mrv Ba mai mult
To possess t pzes A poseda
Orthography r Ortografie
The ability to i bl tu Capacitatea de a
Mastered by mstd ba Stapanita de
Sorting out X from Y st at eks frm wa A separa X de Y
Additional dn l suplimentar
Linguistically irrelevant lwstkl i relvnt Irelevant din pct. de vedere
lingvisitic
Factors implied in fktz mplad n Factori implicati in
Obvious bvs evident
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A proper field of study in its
own right
prp ld v stdi n ts n
rat
Un domeniu de cercetare
propriu si legitim
Theory ri Teorie
Activities involved in ktvtiz nvlvd n Acitivitati implicate in
Presupposes prispzz persupune
Interaction between X and Y ntrkn btwin eks nd waInteractiune intre
Tacit knowledge tst nld Cunoastere tacita
To enable tu nebl A permite sa
Task tsk sarcina
To perform t pfm A indeplini
Model mdl model
Epistemology pstmldi epistemologie
Models of competence mdl z v kmptns Modele de competenta
Hypothesis hapss Ipoteza
Hypotheses hapsiz Ipoteze
To approximate tu prksmet A aproxima
To outline tu atlan A schita, a descrie in linii mari
Linguistic branches lwstk brntz Ramuri ale lingvisticii
To account for tu kant f A explica
Observable bzvbl Observabil
Speech production and
perception mechanisms
spit prdkn nd psepn
meknzmz
Mecanismele producerii si
perceperii vorbirii
articulatory phonetics tkjltri fnetks Fonetica articulatorie
Acoustic kustk Acustica
Auditory dtri auditiva
Referred to later in this chapterrfd t letr n s tpt La care se face referinta in
continuarea acestui capitol
Partial models pl mdl z Modele partiale
A variety of situations vra v sten z O varietate de situatii
Lecture lekt curs
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Later audience letr dins Auditorium ulterior
A recorded speech rkdd spit Un discurs inregistrat
Played later pled let Reprodus ulterior
Chorus krs Refren
Choir kwa Cor
Content kntent multumit
How language actually works ha lwd ktuli
wks
Cum functioneaza de fapt
limbajul
Successive operations sksesv pren z Operatiuni succesive
Encoding nkd codificare
Sending send Emitere
Transmission trnzmn Transmitere
Reception rsepn Receptionare
Decoding dikd Decodificare
In accordance with n kdns w In conformitate cu
Semantic unit smntk junt Unitate semantica
Concept knsept concept
Colour spectrum kl spektrm Spectru cromatic
Are distinguished more or less
on a conventional basis
dstwt mr les n
knvenn l bess
Se disting pe o baza mai mult
sau mai putin conventionala
Basis bases bess besiz Baza baze
Orange rnd portocaliu
Purple ppl purpuriu
Covers roughly kvz rfli Acopera in mare
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