ALVIN TOFFLER

OCUL VIITORULUI
1973
EDITURA POLITIC , BUCURETI
Coperta de: VALENTINA BORO
Traducere de: LEONTINA O!A I !ABRIELA ANTU
Co"tro# $t%%" %&%c de: C T LIN 'A(IR
Cu)*"t +"a%"te de: ,ILVIU BRUCAN
ALVIN TOFFLER
(UTURE ,-OC.
Ra"do/ -ou0e Ne1 2or3, 1974
Cuprins
Cu)*"t +"a%"te
I"troducere
PARTEA nti: MOARTEA PERMANEN EI
A 5446a per%oad de )%a
u0a&%ru# "epre7 t%t
Ruptura cu trecutu#
Te"d%" a de acce#erare
T%/p $% 0c8%/9are
Ora$e 0u9tera"e
otoru# te8"o#o7%c
t%%" a e co/9u0t%9%#
(#u:u# 0%tua %%#or
R%t/u# )%e %%
Oa/e"%% )%%toru#u%
A$teptarea durate%
Co"ceptu# de tra";%e"
PARTEA A DOUA: TRANZIEN A
O9%ecte: 0oc%etatea care a;)*r#e
%rea0a +" roc8%e de 8*rt%e
,uper/ar3et6u# d%0p rut
Eco"o/%a "eper/a"e" e%
Tere"u# de <oc porta9%#
=Pa#atu# de d%0trac %%> /odu#ar
Re)o#u %a +"c8%r%atu#u%
Nece0%t % te/porare
a$%"a de &a9r%cat 9a7ate#e
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(#a/e"co +" ,ued%a
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Recru % $% de;ertor%
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Depr%"derea cop%%#or cu &#uctua %a
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PARTEA A TREIA: NOUTATEA
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PARTEA A PATRA: DIVER"ITATE
Or%7%"%#e e:ce0u#u% de op %u"%
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PARTEA A CINCEA: LIMITELE ADAPTA#ILIT II
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PARTEA A A"EA: "TRATE$II PENTRU "UPRAVIE UIRE
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aeru#u% $% 0o#u#u% a/e"%" +"0 $% e:%0te" a u/a" ?
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de %"capac%tatea %"0t%tu %%#or e% de a #e co"tro#a?
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0oc%a# +"tr6u" 0%0te/ care &u"c %o"ea; pe 9a;a propr%et %% $% a %"% %at%)e%
pr%)ate $% a# c ru% 0t%/u#e"t pr%"c%pa# e0te pro&%tu# /a:%/?
Departe de "o% 7*"du# c r 0pu"0u# #a pro9#e/a co"tro#u#u% 0oc%a# e0te
0%/p#u 0au c e:%0t )reo re et 7ata preparat , cu at*t /a% /u#t cu c*t e0te
)or9a de o 0oc%etate at*t de co/p#e: ca cea a/er%ca" ? Ceea ce %"e/ +"0
0 0u9#%"%e/ e0te c a preco"%;a drept 0o#u %e /od%&%c r% de co/porta/e"t
per0o"a# 0au de 7rup, re&or/e +" +") /*"t $% educa %e, / 0ur% de p#a"%&%care
$% de tr %re co#ect%) +" )%%tor +"0ea/" a r /*"e #a 0upra&a a #ucrur%#or?
Controlul social reclam transform ri profunde i radicale nu numai n
suprastructura, ci i n baz , reclam schimbarea ntregului sistem.
@" /od e)%de"t, To&&#er "u e0te d%0pu0 0 a9orde;e pro9#e/a +"tr6u" /od
at*t de rad%ca#? Ca &o0t ed%tor a# cu"o0cute% re)%0te =(ortu"e>, care 06a
0pec%a#%;at +" %erar8%a corpora %%#or /%#%ardare pe p#a" /o"d%a#, e# "%c% "u 0%/te
c8e/are 0pre o a0e/e"ea co/a"d 0oc%a# ? Ceea ce +"0 e# reu$e$te 0 &ac
cu 0ucce0 e0te 0 pre;%"te pre7"a"t ace0t =ca"cer a# %0tor%e%>, ace0t co"&#%ct
+"tre o tehnologie avansat $% o societate ntrziat .
Dat &%%"d c re)o#u %a $t%%" %&%c 6te8"%c e0te u" &e"o/e" /o"d%a#, %ar
e&ecte#e e% 0e re0%/t pe0te tot, /ode#u# #u% To&&#er, +" care ace0te e&ecte 0u"t
r%d%cate #a p trat, are, ca 0 0pu"e/ a$a, o +"0e/" tate %"ter"a %o"a# ? Tere"u#
0 u de pred%#ec %e &%%"d A/er%ca, )ede/ ace0te e&ecte pr%"tr6o #up care are
daru# de a re)e#a puter"%c &e"o/e"e $% proce0e %/percept%9%#e cu oc8%u# #%9er
0au a&#ate a%urea doar +"tr6o &or/ %"c%p%e"t , e/9r%o"ar ?
Nu/a% c te8"o#o7%a "u ac %o"ea; +" /od d%rect a0upra )%e %% 0oc%a#e $%
po#%t%ce, c% pr%" %"ter/ed%u# &or e#or 0oc%a#e, a# c#a0e#or $% "a %u"%#or, $% de aceea
co"0ec%" e#e u/a"e $% 0oc%a#e a#e re)o#u %e% te8"o#o7%ce "u 0u"t %de"t%ce +"
toate t%pur%#e de or7a"%;are 0oc%a# , dup cu/ cu"o0c 7rade $% %"te"0%t %
d%&er%te +" raport cu "%)e#u# de de;)o#tare eco"o/%c a# u"e% r% 0au a#te%a?
A0e/e"ea &e"o/e"e de0cr%0e de To&&#er 0u9 "o %u"ea de =tra";%e" >, ca
roc8%%#e de 8*rt%e purtate o 0%"7ur dat $% apo% ;)*r#%te #a co$, ca $co#%#e
co"0tru%te te/porar pe"tru a &% u#ter%or /utate dup "ece0%t % 0au ca
auto/o9%#e#e care "u tre9u%e 0 dure;e dec*t do%, /a:%/u/ tre% a"%, potr%)%t
co"cep %e% =de/od r%% p#a"%&%cate>, %" +" /od e)%de"t de u" 0%0te/ eco"o/%c
care are "e)o%e de o 0t%/u#are art%&%c%a# a co"0u/u#u% pe"tru a /a:%/%;a
pro&%tur%#e $% a pre+"t*/p%"a cr%;e#e de 0upraproduc %e? V%;%u"ea to&&#er%a" a
u"e% 0oc%et % %"du0tr%a#e 7e"era# )a#a9%#e care 0e a&# +" &a;a trecer%% #a
=0upra%"du0tr%a#%0/>, ca $% co"ceptu# =0oc%et %% po0t%"du0tr%a#e> a# #u% Da"%e#
Be## "u repre;%"t dec*t &or/e de e0ca/otare a d%&ere" e#or de or*"du%re
0oc%a# $% de ca/u &#are a co"&#%cte#or de c#a0 d%" 0*"u# 0oc%et %% cap%ta#%0te,
+"tr6u" a"u/%t 0e"0, ace0te &or/u#e 0u"t o&er%te ca o a#ter"at%) #a teor%a
/ar:%0t , #a /ode#u# /ar:%0t de re;o#)are a co"trad%c %%#or 0oc%et %% cap%ta#%0te,
care co"0t%tu%e u" r 0pu"0 #a pro9#e/a &u"da/e"ta# r%d%cat de To&&#er J
controlul social.
@" ace#a$% t%/p, "o%, /ar:%$t%%, $t%/ prea 9%"e c re)o#u %a $t%%" %&%c 6
te8"%c , pr%" +"0 $% &or a e% o9%ect%) , produce o 0er%e de e&ecte +" or%ce
0oc%etate, %"d%&ere"t de 0%0te/u# eco"o/%c $% 0oc%a#? I"du0tr%a#%;area e0te
+"0o %t pe0te tot de ur9a"%;are, %ar acce#erarea ace0tu% proce0 pr%" e&ectu#
re)o#u %e% $t%%" %&%ce6te8"%ce co"0t%tu%e u" &e"o/e" 0oc%a# c ru%a 0oc%o#o7%%
ro/*"% %6au $% co"0acrat c*te)a 0tud%% re/arr ca9%#e? C%t%toru#u% ro/*" "u6% )a &%
7reu 0 %de"t%&%ce +" pa7%"%#e c r %% de &a $% a#te e&ecte pe care #e re0%/te
0oc%etatea "oa0tr , c8%ar dac e#e "u cap t propor %%#e u"u% $oc a# )%%toru#u%?
Dea#t&e#, e#e au co"0t%tu%t $% co"0t%tu%e o9%ectu# u"e% preocup r% co"0ta"te a
part%du#u% $% 0tatu#u% "o0tru, %ar / 0ur%#e $% dec%;%%#e adoptate pe ace0t p#a",
%"c#u0%) %"% %erea u"e% ac %u"% de pro0pectare $t%%" %&%c a de;)o#t r%% eco"o/%co6
0oc%a#e ca /etod de &u"da/e"tare a actua#e#or p#a"ur% eco"o/%ce, 0u"t
9%"ecu"o0cute? A%c% 0e de0c8%de +" &a a cercet tor%#or /ar:%$t% d%" Ro/*"%a u"
)a0t c*/p de %")e0t%7a %e co"cret $% de e#a9orare teoret%c creatoare,
deoarece /are#e 0a#t +" $t%%" $% te8"%c , precu/ $% pre&acer%#e 0oc%a#e ad*"c%
d%" #u/ea co"te/pora" r%d%c probleme noi, care cer solu ii noi. =ocu#
)%%toru#u%> e0te +" ace0t 0e"0 u" 0t%/u#e"t, de/o"0tr/d o dat /a% /u#t c
ace0te probleme noi rec#a/ o )%;%u"e re)o#u %o"ar "u "u/a% a0upra
te8"o#o7%e%, c% $% a0upra societ ii.
Silviu rucan
Introducr
Acea0t carte +$% propu"e 0 +"& %$e;e ce #% 0e +"t*/p# oa/e"%#or atu"c%
c*"d 0c8%/9 r%#e care %"ter)%" +" )%a a #or +% cop#e$e0c? Ea tratea; de0pre &e#u#
+" care reu$%/ J 0au "u reu$%/ J 0 "e adapt / )%%toru#u%?
,6a 0cr%0 /u#t de0pre )%%tor? C r %#e de0pre #u/ea ce )a 0 )%" au, +"
/a<or%tatea #or, u" t%/9ru a0pru, /eta#%c? Pa7%"%#e de &a 0e ocup +"0 cu
a0pectu# =/oa#e> 0au u/a" a# ;%#e% de /*%"e? De a0e/e"ea 0e ocup de c %#e
pe care )o/ a<u"7e pro9a9%# #a ace0t =/*%"e>? E#e tratea; pro9#e/e 9a"a#e
d%" )%a a "oa0tr ;%#"%c : produ0e#e pe care #e cu/p r / $% #e aru"c /, #ocur%#e
pe care #e p r 0%/, co/u"%t %#e +" 0*"u# c rora tr %/, oa/e"%% care 0e per%"d ,
cu pa$% tot /a% 7r 9% %, pr%" )%a a "oa0tr ? Pr%ete"%a $% )%a a de &a/%#%e 0u"t
cercetate +" per0pect%)a )%%toru#u%?
,u"t %")e0t%7ate "o% $% c%udate 0u9cu#tur% $% /odur% de )%a , +/preu" cu
o d%)er0%tate de a#te te/e, de #a po#%t%c $% tere"ur% de <oc #a 0a#tur% +" 0pa %u $%
#a 0e:?
Ceea ce u"e$te toate ace0tea J +" carte ca $% +" )%a J e0te cure"tu#
" )a#"%c a# 0c8%/9 r%%, care a de)e"%t at*t de puter"%c +"c*t r 0toar"
%"0t%tu %%#e, /od%&%c )a#or%#e $% "e u0uc r d c%"%#e? ,c8%/9area repre;%"t
proce0u# pr%" care )%%toru# %rupe +" )%a a "oa0tr , $% e "ece0ar 0 "e ocup / /a%
+"deaproape de ceea ce 0e +"t*/p# "u "u/a% ca per0pect%) %0tor%c , dar $%
0u9 a0pectu# %"tere0u#u% %"d%)%;%#or care tr %e0c &re/ t*"d acea0t e:per%e" ?
Acce#era %a 0c8%/9 r%% +" )re/ur%#e "oa0tre e0te ea +"0 $% o &or
e#e/e"tar ? Te"d%" a de acce#erare areco"0ec%" e at*t per0o"a#e $% p0%8o#o7%ce
c*t $% 0oc%o#o7%ce, +" pa7%"%#e ce ur/ea; )or &% cercetate pe"tru pr%/a oar
0%0te/at%c e&ecte#e acce#era %e%? Cartea de/o"0trea; , +" /od co")%"7 tor,
0per, c 0u"te/ 8 r ;% % a 0u&er% o de;a0truoa0 pr 9u$%re adap %o"a# dac "u
)o/ reu$%, +" t%/pu# ce# /a% 0curt po0%9%#, 0 co"tro# / r%t/u# 0c8%/9 r%% +"
pro9#e/e#e per0o"a#e, ca $% +" pro9#e/e#e 0oc%et %% +" 7e"era#?
@" 19DN a/ &o#o0%t pe"tru pr%/a oar , +"tr6u" art%co# pu9#%cat +" re)%0ta
=-or%;o">, ter/e"u# =$ocu# )%%toru#u%> pe"tru a de0cr%e te"0%u"ea d%0tru7 toare
$% de;or%e"tarea c rora #e cad prad %"d%)%;%% c*"d tre9u%e 0 0uporte 0c8%/9 r%
&oarte /ar% +"tr6u" t%/p &oarte 0curt? O90edat de acea0t %dee, /%6a/ petrecut
ur/ tor%% c%"c% a"% )%;%t*"d ;ec% de u"%)er0%t %, ce"tre de cercetare, #a9oratoare
$% a7e" %% 7u)er"a/e"ta#e, c%t%"d "e"u/ rate art%co#e $% 0tud%% $t%%" %&%ce $%
0t*"d de )or9 cu 0ute de e:per % care 0e ocup cu d%)er0e#e a0pecte a#e
0c8%/9 r%%, a#e co/port r%% de adaptare, a#e pro9#e/e#or )%%toru#u%? Laurea % a%
Pre/%u#u% No9e#, 8%pp%e0, p0%8%atr%, /ed%c%, oa/e"% de a&acer%, &uturo#o7% de
pro&e0%e, &%#o;o&% $% educator% $%6au /a"%&e0tat preocuparea +" #e7 tur cu
0c8%/9area, "e#%"%$tea +" #e7 tur cu adaptarea, te/er%#e +" #e7 tur cu )%%toru#?
Dou %de% tu#9ur toare /% 06au co"turat +" ur/a tuturor ace0tor %")e0t%7a %%?
@" pr%/u# r*"d a de)e"%t #%/pede c $ocu# )%%toru#u% "u /a% e u" per%co#
pote" %a#, +"dep rtat, c% o ade) rat 9oa# de care 0u&er de<a u" "u/ r /are
de oa/e"%? Acea0t co"d% %e p0%8o69%o#o7%c poate &% de0cr%0 +" ter/e"%
/ed%ca#% $% p0%8%atr%c%? E0te 9oa#a 0c8%/9 r%%?
@" a# do%#ea r*"d, pe / 0ur ce pro7re0a/ +" cercet r%#e /e#e, era/ d%"
ce +" ce /a% +"0p %/*"tat ) ;*"d c*t de pu %"e #ucrur% cu"o0c de0pre
adapta9%#%tate at*t ce% care pro/o)ea; $% deter/%" 0c8%/9 r% %/e"0e +"
0oc%etatea "oa0tr , c*t $% ce% care pret%"d c 0e ocup cu pre7 t%rea "oa0tr
pe"tru a putea &ace &a ace0tor 0c8%/9 r%? I"te#ectua#% de )a; )or9e0c &ru/o0
de0pre =educa %a +" )ederea 0c8%/9 r%%> 0au de0pre =pre7 t%rea oa/e"%#or
pe"tru )%%tor>? @" rea#%tate +"0 "u $t%/ "%/%c de0pre &e#u# +" care ar tre9u% 0 "e
pre7 t%/? @"tr6u" /ed%u +"co"<ur tor at*t de rap%d 0c8%/9 tor, cu/ "u %6a /a%
&o0t dat o/u#u% "%c%odat 0 cu"oa0c , r /*"e/ +"tr6o 0tare de <a#"%c
%7"ora" a0upra po0%9%#%t %#or de adaptare a#e a"%/a#u#u% u/a"?
P0%8o#o7%%, #a &e# ca $% po#%t%c%e"%% "o$tr%, 0u"t "edu/er% % de re;%0te" a,
apare"t %ra %o"a# , &a de 0c8%/9are pe care o /a"%&e0t a"u/% % %"d%)%;% $%
a"u/%te 7rupur%? e&u# u"e% corpora %% care )rea 0 reor7a"%;e;e u"
departa/e"t, educatoru# care )rea 0 %"troduc o "ou /etod de +") /*"t,
pr%/aru# care )rea 0 rea#%;e;e o %"te7rare pa$"%c a ra0e#or d%" ora$u# 0 u J
to %, #a u" /o/e"t dat, 0e #o)e0c de acea0t re;%0te" oar9 ? t%/ +"0 &oarte
pu %" de0pre cau;e#e care o 7e"erea; ? Pe de a#t parte, de ce 0u"t u"%% oa/e"%
+"0eta % de 0c8%/9are $% c8%ar 0e +"&# c rea; de dra7u# e%, & c*"d tot ce #e 0t
+" putere ca 0 6% dea )%a , pe c*"d a# %% &u7 de eaA Nu "u/a% c "6a/ 7 0%t
r 0pu"0ur% #a ace0te +"tre9 r%, dar a/ de0coper%t c "e #%p0e$te o teor%e
adec)at a adapt r%%, & r de care e pu %" pro9a9%# c )o/ reu$% )reodat 0
a&# / r 0pu"0ur%#e?
,copu# ace0te% c r % e0te dec% de a "e a<uta 0 c de/ #a o +" e#e7ere cu
)%%toru# J de a "e a<uta 0 &ace/ &a +" /od /a% e&%c%e"t at*t 0c8%/9 r%#or d%"
)%a a per0o"a# c*t $% ce#or d%" )%a a 0oc%a# , pr%" cu"oa$terea /a% pro&u"d a
/odu#u% cu/ r 0pu"d oa/e"%% #a 0c8%/9are? @" )ederea rea#%; r%% ace0tu%
o9%ect%), cartea pre;%"t o "ou $% cupr%"; toare teor%e a adapt r%%?
Ea atra7e, de a0e/e"ea, ate" %a a0upra u"u% a0pect %/porta"t, care
ade0ea e trecut cu )ederea? Aproape +"totdeau"a a"a#%;a e&ecte#or produ0e de
0c8%/9are 0e 6co"ce"trea; /a% /u#t a0upra de0t%"a %e% 0pre care "e duce
0c8%/9area dec*t a0upra )%te;e% cu care 0e &ace c # tor%a? @" acea0t carte
+"cerc 0 ar t c r%t/u# 0c8%/9 r%% are %/p#%ca %% d%&er%te, u"eor% c8%ar /a%
%/porta"te dec*t ce#e #e7ate de direc iile 0c8%/9 r%%? Pe"tru a putea +" e#e7e ce
+"0ea/" adapta9%#%tatea, tre9u%e /a% +"t*% 0 p tru"de/ 0e"0u# ace0te% %de%?
Or%ce +"cercare de a de&%"% =co" %"utu#> 0c8%/9 r%% tre9u%e 0 %"c#ud ca parte
%"te7ra"t a ace0tu% co" %"ut $% co"0ec%" e#e pe care #e are r%t/u# +" care 0e
&ace 0c8%/9area?
H%##%a/ O79ur", cu ce#e9ra 0a teor%e a deca#a<u#u% cu#tura#, a ar tat cu/
0e "a0c te"0%u"%#e 0oc%a#e d%" cau;a r%t/ur%#or %"e7a#e de 0c8%/9are +" d%&er%te#e
0ectoare a#e 0oc%et %%? Co"ceptu# de $oc a# )%%toru#u% J $% teor%a adapt r%% care
der%) d%" e# J pre0upu"e c tre9u%e 0 e:%0te u" ec8%#%9ru "u "u/a% +"tre
r%t/ur%#e 0c8%/9 r%% +" d%&er%te 0ectoare, dar $% +"tre rap%d%tatea 0c8%/9 r%% d%"
/ed%u# +"co"<ur tor $% r%t/u# #e"t a# adapt r%% u/a"e? C c% $ocu# )%%toru#u% 0e
"a$te d%" pr pa0t%a cre0c*"d d%"tre ace0te dou r%t/ur%?
Cartea +$% propu"e +"0 /a% /u#t dec*t e:pu"erea u"e% 0%/p#e teor%%? Ea
)rea 0 de/o"0tre;e, de a0e/e"ea, o /etod ? Pe )re/ur% oa/e"%% 0tud%au
trecutu# pe"tru a aru"ca oarecare #u/%" a0upra pre;e"tu#u%? Eu +"0 a/ +"tor0
o7#%"da t%/pu#u%, co")%"0 &%%"d c o %/a7%"e coere"t a )%%toru#u% "e )a putea
&ur"%;a %"&or/a %% pre %oa0e $% pe"tru pre;e"t? C c% e d%" ce +" ce /a% 7reu 0
+" e#e7% pro9#e/e#e per0o"a#e a#e %"d%)%du#u%, ca $% ce#e de ord%" 7e"era# & r a
&ace u; de )%%tor ca de u" %"0tru/e"t %"te#ectua#, +" pa7%"%#e ce ur/ea; , / )o%
&o#o0% de ace0t %"0tru/e"t pe"tru a de/o"0tra ce 0e poate rea#%;a cu a<utoru#
#u%?
@" 0&*r$%t, $% ace0ta "u e, de0%7ur, a0pectu# ce# /a% pu %" %/porta"t, cartea
+$% propu"e 0 6# tra"0&or/e pe c%t%tor pr%"tr6o /etod 0u9t%# , dar &oarte
pert%"e"t ? Pe"tru a reu$% 0 &ace/ &a +" /od core0pu"; tor 0c8%/9 r%#or
rap%de d%" e:%0te" a "oa0tr , )a &% "ece0ar 0 adopt / o "ou at%tud%"e &a de
)%%tor, 0 de)e"%/ co"$t%e" % de ro#u# pe care )%%toru# +# <oac +" pre;e"t? Cartea
acea0ta +$% propu"e 0 de;)o#te co"$t%%" a )%%toru#u% #a c%t%tor? @" / 0ura +" care,
dup ce )a &% ter/%"at de c%t%t cartea, c%t%toru# 0e )a 0urpr%"de 7*"d%"d #a
e)e"%/e"te#e )%%toare, & c*"d 0pecu#a %% +" pr%)%" a #or 0au +"cerc*"d 0 #e
a"t%c%pe;e, cartea +$% )a &% do)ed%t ut%#%tatea?
Odat ace0te o9%ect%)e 0ta9%#%te, ur/ea; #a r*"d re;er)e#e pe care #e
a)e/ de & cut? a% +"t*%, tre9u%e0 %"e/ 0ea/a de per%0a9%#%tatea &apte#or?
Or%ce reporter $t%e d%" e:per%e" c 0e %"t*/p# ade0ea ca, #ucr*"d #a u"
reporta<, #ucrur%#e 0 6$% 0c8%/9e a0pectu# $% 0e"0u# c8%ar +"a%"te de a6$% a$ter"e
&ra;e#e pe 8*rt%e? @" pre;e"t, +"trea7a "oa0tr #u/e e o po)e0te +" care
+"t*/p# r%#e 0e 0ucced cu repe;%c%u"e? De aceea e0te %"e)%ta9%# ca +"tr6o carte
0cr%0 de6a #u"7u# /a% /u#tor a"% a"u/%te &apte 0 &%e dep $%te +" %"ter)a#u#
d%"tre per%oada cercet r%%, per%oada redact r%% $% /o/e"tu# pu9#%c r%%? U"%%
pro&e0or% de #a U"%)er0%tatea A 0e /ut +"tre t%/p #a U"%)er0%tatea B? A"u/% %
oa/e"% po#%t%c% care a)eau po;% %a O trec +"tre t%/p #a po;% %a 2?
De$% /6a/ 0tr du%t +" tot cur0u# e#a9or r%% c r %% 0 %" !ocul viitorului +"
pa0 cu t%/pu#, u"e#e date pre;e"tate 0u"t & r +"do%a# de<a per%/ate? KAcea0ta
0e +"t*/p# , 9%"e+" e#e0, cu /u#te c r %, de$% autor%#or "u #e prea p#ace 0
)or9ea0c de0pre ace0t #ucru?L Per%/area date#or are +"0 o 0e/"%&%ca %e
deo0e9%t +" ca;u# de &a , +"truc*t 0er)e$te #a )er%&%carea te;e% +"0e$% a c r %%
pr%)%"d rap%d%tatea 0c8%/9 r%#or? ,cr%%tor%#or #e e0te d%" ce +" ce /a% 7reu 0 %"
pa0u# cu rea#%tatea? @"c "u a/ +") at 0 co"cepe/, 0 cercet /, 0 0cr%e/ $%
0 pu9#%c / +"tr6u" =t%/p rea#>?
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7e"era#e dec*t de a/ "u"te?
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pre;e"t , a 5446a?
A 5446a per%oad de )%a repre;%"t o ruptur 9ru0c cu +"trea7a
e:per%e" trecut a o/e"%r%%, deoarece +" cur0u# ace0te% per%oade re#a %a d%"tre
o/ $% re0ur0e a 0u&er%t o r 0tur"are, ceea ce apare +" c8%p e)%de"t +" do/e"%u#
de;)o#t r%% eco"o/%ce? @" cur0u# u"e% 0%"7ure per%oade de )%a , a7r%cu#tura,
9a;a %"% %a# a c%)%#%;a %e%, $%6a p%erdut caracteru# predo/%"a"t #a o "a %u"e dup
a#ta? @" pre;e"t, +" dou 0pre;ece d%"tre ce#e /a% de;)o#tate r%, a7r%cu#tura
&o#o0e$te /a% pu %" de 1NF d%" popu#a %a act%) d%" pu"ct de )edere eco"o/%c?
@" ,tate#e U"%te, u"de &er/e#e a7r%co#e 8r "e0c M44?444?444 de a/er%ca"%, p#u0
a#te 1D4?444?444 de oa/e"% de pe +"tre7u# 7#o9 p /*"ta0c, acea0t c%&r a
0c ;ut de<a 0u9 DF $% co"t%"u 0 0cad rap%d?
Dea#t&e#, dac a7r%cu#tura e0te pr%/u# 0tad%u a# de;)o#t r%% eco"o/%ce, Iar
%"du0tr%a#%0/u# ce# de6a# do%#ea, co"0tat / +" pre;e"t c $% a# tre%#ea 0tad%u a
&o0t 9ru0c at%"0? Apro:%/at%) d%" 19ND, ,tate#e U"%te au de)e"%t pr%/a /are
putere u"de pe0te N4F d%" &or a de /u"c a +"cetat 0 /a% poarte 7u#eru#
a#9a0tru a# /u"c%toru#u% /a"ua# 0au de &a9r%c ? Nu/ ru# /u"c%tor%#or cu 7u#ere
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d%" co/er u# cu a/ "u"tu#, ad/%"%0tra %e, co/u"%ca %%, cercetare, +") /*"t $%
a#te cate7or%% de 0er)%c%%?
Pe"tru pr%/a oar +" %0tor%a o/e"%r%%, o 0oc%etate 06a e#%9erat +" cur0u#
u"e% 0%"7ure per%oade de )%a "u "u/a% de <u7u# a7r%cu#tur%%, dar +" c*te)a
0curte decade a reu$%t 0 0e e#%9ere;e, de a0e/e"ea, de <u7u# /u"c%% /a"ua#e?
,6a " 0cut pr%/a eco"o/%e d%" #u/e 9a;at pe 0er)%c%%?
De atu"c% r%#e a)a"0ate d%" pu"ct de )edere te8"o#o7%c au p $%t, u"a
dup a#ta, +" aceea$% d%rec %e?
A0t ;%, d%"tre "a %u"%#e a c ror a7r%cu#tur a 0c ;ut #a "%)e#u# de 1NF 0au
/a% <o0, 7u#ere#e a#9e dep $e0c pe ce#e a#9a0tre +" ,ued%a, A"7#%a, Be#7%a,
Ca"ada $% O#a"da? 'ece /%% de a"% pe"tru a7r%cu#tur ? U" 0eco# 0au dou pe"tru
%"du0tr%a#%;are? % acu/, +" &a a "oa0tr 0e de0c8%de era 0upra%"du0tr%a#%; r%%?
Pea" (oura0t%e, p#a"%&%catoru# $% &%#o;o&u# 0oc%a# &ra"ce;, a&%r/ c ="%/%c
"u )a &% /a% pu %" %"du0tr%a# dec*t c%)%#%;a %a " 0cut d%" re)o#u %a %"du0tr%a# >?
,e/"%&%ca %a ace0te% %de% u%/%toare 0e cere 9%"e a"a#%;at ? U T8a"t,
0ecretaru# 7e"era# a# Na %u"%#or U"%te, a reu$%t 0 0%"tet%;e;e poate ce# /a% 9%"e
0e/"%&%ca %a trecer%% #a 0upra%"du0tr%a#%0/ c*"d a 0pu0: =Caracter%0t%ca
pr%"c%pa# $% cea /a% e:traord%"ar a eco"o/%%#or de;)o#tate +" pre;e"t co"0t
+" &aptu# c e#e pot o9 %"e J +" ce# /a% 0curt t%/p %/a7%"a9%# J re0ur0e +"
0ortur%#e $% ca"t%t %#e pe care dec%d 0 #e a%9 ? Dec%;%%#e "u /a% 0u"t #%/%tate de
re0ur0e? Acu/ dec%;%%#e 0u"t ce#e care creea; re0ur0e#e? Iat 0c8%/9area
re)o#u %o"ar &u"da/e"ta# J poate cea /a% re)o#u %o"ar pe care o/u# a
cu"o0cut6o )reodat >?
Acea0t r 0tur"are /o"u/e"ta# a a)ut #oc +" a 5446a per%oad de )%a ?
Actua#a per%oad de )%a e0te, de a0e/e"ea, d%&er%t de toate ce#e#a#te
d%" cau;a e:t%"der%% "e/ 0urate a / r%/%% $% 0copu#u% 0c8%/9 r%%? E)%de"t c au
e:%0tat $% a#te per%oade de )%a +" care 06au produ0 r 0tur" r% epoca#e?
R ;9oa%e#e, ep%de/%%#e, cutre/ure#e de p /*"t $% &oa/etea au ;7udu%t /u#te
or*"du%r% 0oc%a#e a"ter%oare? Dar toate ace0te $ocur% $% r 0tur" r% au &o0t
cupr%"0e +" 7ra"% e#e u"e% 0oc%et % 0au a#e u"u% 7rup de 0oc%et % ad%ace"te? A
durat /a% /u#te 7e"era %%, u"eor% c8%ar 0eco#e, p*" c*"d %/pactu# #or 06a & cut
0%/ %t d%"co#o de ace0te 7ra"% e?
@" actua#a per%oad de )%a +"0 , 7ra"% e#e au &o0t 0& r*/ate? Le7 tur%#e
0oc%a#e &or/ea; o re ea at*t de 0tr*"0 +"c*t co"0ec%" e#e e)e"%/e"te#or
co"te/pora"e %rad%a; %"0ta"ta"eu +" toat #u/ea? U" r ;9o% +" V%et"a/
0c8%/9 a#%"%a/e"te#e po#%t%ce &u"da/e"ta#e #a Pe3%", o0co)a $% Ha08%"7to",
pro)oac prote0te #a ,toc38o#/, a&ectea; tra";ac %%#e &%"a"c%are #a 'ur%c8,
dec#a"$ea; /%$c r% d%p#o/at%ce 0ecrete +" A#7er%a?
@"tr6ade) r, "u "u/a% e)e"%/e"te#e contemporane %rad%a; %"0ta"ta"euE
0e poate 0pu"e c +" pre;e"t 0%/ %/ $% %/pactu# tuturor e)e"%/e"te#or trecute
+"tr6u" &e# "ou? C c% trecutu# 0e repercutea; a0upra "oa0tr ? ,u"te/ pr%"$% +"
ceea ce 06ar putea "u/% =u" 0a#t a# t%/pu#u%>?
U" e)e"%/e"t care +" trecut a a&ectat doar o /*" de oa/e"% +"
/o/e"tu# c*"d 06a produ0 poate 0 6$% &ac 0%/ %te co"0ec%" e#e pe 0car /are
+" pre;e"t?
R ;9o%u# pe#opo"e0%ac, de e:e/p#u, a &o0t doar o /%c +"c %erare potr%)%t
0ta"darde#or /oder"e? @" t%/p ce Ate"a, ,parta $% a#te c*te)a ora$e60tate
)ec%"e 0e r ;9o%au, popu#a %a de pe re0tu# 7#o9u#u% "u a)ea cu"o$t%" $% "%c% "u
era tu#9urat de ace0t r ;9o%? I"d%e"%% ;apotec% care tr %au pe atu"c% +" e:%c au
r /a0 a90o#ut "eat%"$% de r ;9o%, %ar )ec8%% <apo"e;% "u %6au 0%/ %t +" "%c% u" &e#
%/pactu#?
Totu$% r ;9o%u# pe#opo"e0%ac a 0c8%/9at +" /od pro&u"d cur0u# u#ter%or a#
%0tor%e% !rec%e%? od%&%c*"d dep#a0area oa/e"%#or, repart% %a 7eo7ra&%c a
7e"e#or, a )a#or%#or $% a %de%#or, e# a %"&#ue" at e)e"%/e"te#e petrecute u#ter%or #a
Ro/a $%, pr%" %"ter/ed%u# Ro/e%, +" +"trea7a Europ ? @"tr6o oarecare / 0ur ,
europe"%% de a0t ;% 0u"t oa/e"% d%&er% % deoarece a a)ut #oc ace0t co"&#%ct?
Pe de a#t parte, +" re eaua 0tr*"0 a #u/%% de a0t ;%, ace$t% europe"% +%
%"&#ue" ea; at*t pe /e:%ca"% c*t $% pe <apo"e;%? Or%ce ur/ a %/pactu#u% pe
care r ;9o%u# pe#opo"e0%ac #6a a)ut a0upra 0tructur%% 7e"et%ce, a0upra %de%#or $%
a )a#or%#or europe"%#or de a0t ;% e0te e:portat +" pre;e"t +" toate p r %#e #u/%%?
e:%ca"%% $% <apo"e;%% de a0t ;% re0%/t %/pactu# +"dep rtat $% de dou or%
tra"0&erat a# ace#u% r ;9o%, +" t%/p ce 0tr /o$%% #or, de$% au tr %t c8%ar +" )re/ea
c*"d a a)ut #oc, "6au $t%ut "%/%c de e#?
A0t&e#, e)e"%/e"te#e trecutu#u%, 0 r%"d oarecu/ pe0te 7e"era %% $% 0eco#e,
reapar, ur/ r%"du6"e $% tra"0&or/*"du6"e & r 0 $t%/?
Dac "e 7*"d%/ "u "u/a% #a r ;9o%u# pe#opo"e0%ac, c% $% #a co"0tru%rea
are#u% '%d a# C8%"e%, #a c%u/a "ea7r , #a #upte#e 9a"tu$%#or +/potr%)a 8a/% %#or
J +"tr6u" cu)*"t #a toate e)e"%/e"te#e %/porta"te d%" trecut J, %/p#%ca %%#e
cu/u#at%)e a#e 0a#tu#u% )re/%% de)%" tot /a% 0e"0%9%#e? Tot ce 06a +"t*/p#at u"or
oa/e"% d%" trecut +% a&ectea; +" /od )%rtua# pe to % oa/e"%% de a0t ;%? Nu
+"totdeau"a 06au petrecut +"0 #ucrur%#e a0t&e#? Acu/ +"trea7a %0tor%e "e a<u"7e
d%" ur/ , $% acea0t deo0e9%re, +" /od parado:a#, e0te #a 9a;a ruptur%% "oa0tre
cu trecutu#? A0t&e#, 0e"0u# 0c8%/9 r%% 0e /od%&%c &u"da/e"ta#? ,tr 9 t*"d
0pa %u# $% t%/pu#, 0c8%/9area cap t +" acea0t a 5446a per%oad de )%a o
putere $% o ra; de ac %u"e cu/ "6a a)ut "%c%c*"d p*" acu/?
Deo0e9%rea ca#%tat%) dec%0%) +"tre acea0t per%oad de )%a $% toate
ce#e#a#te a"ter%oare e0te +"0 toc/a% cea care e trecut ce# /a% u$or cu
)ederea?
C c% "u "u/a% c a/ e:t%"0 0copu# $% 0cara 0c8%/9 r%%, dar %6a/ /od%&%cat
+" /od rad%ca# rap%d%tatea?
A/ e#%9erat o &or 0oc%a# cu totu# "ou J u" cure"t de 0c8%/9are at*t de
acce#erat +"c*t %"&#ue" ea; "o %u"ea "oa0tr de t%/p, re)o#u %o"ea; te/pou#
)%e %% ;%#"%ce $% a&ectea; +"0u$% &e#u# +" care =0%/ %/> #u/ea d%" <uru# "o0tru? No%
"u /a% =0%/ %/> )%a a a$a cu/ o =0%/ eau> oa/e"%% +" trecut? @" acea0ta
co"0t deo0e9%rea &%"a# , d%&ere" a care 0epar pe ade) ratu# o/ co"te/pora"
de to % ce%#a# %? C c% acea0t acce#era %e 0e a&# #a 9a;a %/per/a"e" e% J a
tra";%e" e% J care p tru"de +" co"$t%%" a "oa0tr $% o co"d% %o"ea; , a&ect*"d +"
/od rad%ca# raportur%#e "oa0tre cu ce%#a# % oa/e"%, cu #ucrur%#e, cu +"tre7u#
u"%)er0 de %de%, art $% )a#or%?
Pe"tru a +" e#e7e ce 0e +"t*/p# cu "o% +" t%/p ce "e +"drept / 0pre era
0upra%"du0tr%a#%0/u#u%, tre9u%e 0 a"a#%; / proce0u# acce#era %e% $% 0 e#uc%d /
co"ceptu# tra";%e" e%? Dac acce#era %a e0te o "ou &or 0oc%a# , tra";%e" a
e0te ec8%)a#e"tu# e% pe p#a" p0%8o#o7%cE at*ta t%/p c*t "u )o/ +" e#e7e ro#u# pe
care acea0ta +# <oac +" co/portarea o/u#u% co"te/pora", toate teor%%#e "oa0tre
de0pre per0o"a#%tate, toat p0%8o#o7%a "oa0tr )or r /*"e pre/oder"e?
L%p0%t de co"ceptu# tra";%e" e%, p0%8o#o7%a "u )a putea %"e 0ea/a de
&e"o/e"e#e 0pec%&%c co"te/pora"e?
od%&%c*"d raportur%#e "oa0tre cu re0ur0e#e ce "e +"co"<ur , e:t%";*"d +"
/od 9ruta# c*/pu# de ac %u"e a# 0c8%/9 r%% $%, ceea ce e 8ot r*tor,
acce#er*"du6% de/er0u#, a/ rupt +" /od %re)er0%9%# cu trecutu#? Ne6a/ rupt de
)ec8%#e /odur% de 7*"d%re, de 0%/ %re, de adaptare? A/ ara"<at 0ce"a pe"tru o
0oc%etate co/p#et "ou $% acu/ a#er7 / +" /are 7ra9 0pre ea?
Acea0ta e crucea pe care o poart a 5446a per%oad de )%a ? Capac%tatea
de adaptare a o/u#u% e pu0 0u9 0e/"u# +"tre9 r%% J Cu/ +% )a /er7e #u% +"
acea0t "ou 0oc%etateA Va putea e# oare 0 0e adapte;e "o%#or
co/a"da/e"teA ,au, +" ca; "e7at%), )a putea e# 0 /od%&%ce ace0te
co/a"da/e"teA
@"a%"te de a +"cerca 0 r 0pu"de/ #a ace0te +"tre9 r%, tre9u%e 0 "e
+"drept / ate" %a 0pre &or e#e +"7e/ "ate a#e acce#era %e% $% tra";%e" e%?
Tre9u%e 0 a&# / +" ce &e# /od%&%c e#e te:tura e:%0te" e% $% cu/ 0e d #tu%e0c
)%e %#e $% 0u&#ete#e +" &or/e "o% $% "e&a/%#%are? Tre9u%e 0 +" e#e7e/ +" ce /od J
$% de ce J 0u"te/ co"&ru"ta %, pe"tru pr%/a oar , cu pote" %a#u# e:p#o;%) a#
$ocu#u% )%%toru#u%?
TENDIN A DE ACCELERARE
La +"ceputu# #u"%% /art%e 19D7, +" Ca"ada de e0t, u" cop%# de u"0pre;ece
a"% a /ur%t de 9 tr*"e e?
R%c3B !a##a"t a)ea doar u"0pre;ece a"% d%" pu"ct de )edere cro"o#o7%c,
dar 0u&erea de o 9oa# c%udat "u/%t pro7er%e J 9 tr*"e e pre/atur J $%
pre;e"ta caracter%0t%c%#e u"e% per0oa"e +" )*r0t de "ou ;ec% de a"%?
,%/pto/e#e pro7er%e% 0u"t 0e"%#%tatea, artere#e 0c#ero;ate, ca#)% %a, /u$c8%%
)# 7u% % $% p%e#ea ;9*rc%t ? % c*"d a /ur%t, R%c3B era cu ade) rat u" o/ 9 tr*"?
@" ce% u"0pre;ece a"% a% 0 % a parcur0 toate tra"0&or/ r%#e 9%o#o7%ce a#e u"e%
)%e % +"tre7%?
Ca;ur%#e de pro7er%e 0u"t e:tre/ de rare? @"tr6u" 0e"0 /eta&or%c +"0 ,
0oc%et %#e cu o te8"%c de;)o#tat 0u&er toate de acea0t 9oa# cur%oa0 ? E#e
"u +/9 tr*"e0c, "u de)%" 0e"%#e? Dar 0u&er toate de r%t/ur% de 0c8%/9are
0upra"or/a#e?
u# % d%"tre "o% au o )a7 =0e";a %e> c #ucrur%#e 0e /%$c /a% repede?
ed%c%%, #a &e# ca $% cadre#e de co"ducere, 0e p#*"7 c "u pot %"e pa0u# cu
u#t%/e#e "out % d%" do/e"%u# #or? Aproape c "u e:%0t co"0& tu%re 0au
co"&er%" +" ;%ua de a;% #a care 0 "u 0e po/e"ea0c , ca u" &e# de r%tua#,
de0pre =0&%darea 0c8%/9 r%%>? u# % 0e 0%/t "e#%"%$t% % J +% o90edea; %deea c
0c8%/9area a 0c pat de 0u9 co"tro#?
Dar "u to % +/p rt $e0c acea0t "e#%"%$te? %#%oa"e de oa/e"% trec pr%"
)%a ca "%$te 0o/"a/9u#% $%6$% ) d de dru/ ca $% cu/ "%/%c "u 06ar &% 0c8%/9at
d%" dece"%u# a# patru#ea p*" acu/, ca $% cu/ "%/%c "6ar a)ea 0 0e 0c8%/9e
)reodat ? Tr %"d +"tr6o per%oad care, & r +"do%a# , e u"a d%"tre ce#e /a%
&a0c%"a"te d%" +"trea7a %0tor%e a O/e"%r%%, e% +"cearc 0 0e dea #a o parte, 0 6%
9are;e ca#ea, ca $% cu/, %7"or*"d6o, ar &% po0%9%# 06o &ac 0 d%0par ? E% caut o
=pace 0eparat >, o %/u"%tate d%p#o/at%c &a de 0c8%/9are?
#% po % )edea pretut%"de"%: oa/e"% 9 tr*"%, re0e/"a % +" &a a /or %% ce6%
a$teapt $% care +"cearc 0 e)%te cu or%ce pre %"tru;%u"ea "ou#u%? Oa/e"%
+/9 tr*"% %, de tre%;ec% $% c%"c% 0au patru;ec% $% c%"c% de a"%, preocupa % de
a7%ta %%#e 0tude" e$t%, de pro9#e/e#e 0e:ua#e, de L,D 0au de &u0te#e /%"% $% care
caut cu tot d%"ad%"0u# 0 0e co")%"7 pe e% +"$%$% c , #a ur/a ur/e#or, t%"eretu#
a &o0t totdeau"a re)o#tat $% c ceea ce 0e +"t*/p# a0t ;% "u 0e deo0e9e$te cu
"%/%c de ceea ce a &o0t +" trecut? C8%ar $% +" 0*"u# t%"eretu#u% 0e ) de$te o
"e+" e#e7ere a 0c8%/9 r%%: e:%0t 0tude" % at*t de %7"ora" % +" pr%)%" a trecutu#u%
+"c*t "u o90er) "%/%c "eo9%$"u%t tr %"d pre;e"tu#?
Lucru# ce# /a% "e#%"%$t%tor e0te c /area /a<or%tate a oa/e"%#or, %"c#u0%)
oa/e"%% cu# % $% ra&%"a %, 0ocote0c %deea 0c8%/9 r%% at*t de a/e"%" toare +"c*t
+"cearc 0 6% "e7e e:%0te" a? C8%ar $% /u# % d%"tre ce% care d%" pu"ct de )edere
%"te#ectua# +" e#e7 acce#era %a 0c8%/9 r%% +" rea#%tate "u 0u"t p tru"$% de ace0t
#ucru $% c*"d +$% &ac pro%ecte per0o"a#e de )%%tor "u %au +" co"0%dera %e ace0t
&apt 0oc%a# cruc%a#?
Ti&p /i sc0i&')r
De u"de tim c 0c8%/9area 0e acce#erea; A @" &o"d "u e:%0t o
/oda#%tate a90o#ut de / 0urare a 0c8%/9 r%%, +"tr6u" u"%)er0 at*t de +"7ro;%tor
de co/p#e:, &%ecare 0oc%etate +" parte +"re7%0trea; +" /od 0%/u#ta" u" "u/ r
)%rtua# %"&%"%t de cure"te de 0c8%/9are?
Toate =#ucrur%#e> J de #a ce# /a% %"&%/ )%ru0 p*" #a cea /a% /are 7a#a:%e
J +" rea#%tate "u 0u"t #ucrur%, c% proce0e? Nu e:%0t u" pu"ct 0tat%c, o 0tare de
"e0c8%/9are a0e/e"ea N%r)a"e%, +" raport cu care 0 pute/ / 0ura
0c8%/9area? ,c8%/9area e0te, pr%" ur/are, +" /od "ece0ar re#at%) ?
Ea e0te, de a0e/e"ea, %"e7a# ? Dac toate proce0e#e ar a)ea #oc cu
aceea$% rap%d%tate, 0au dac 06ar acce #era 0au 06ar +"cet%"% co"co/%te"t
0c8%/9area, ar &% %/po0%9%# de o90er)at? V%%toru# +"0 %")adea; pre;e"tu# cu
)%te;e d%&er%te? De)%"e a0t&e# po0%9%# 0 co/par% )%te;a d%&er%te#or proce0e pe
/ 0ur ce 0e de0& $oar ? t%/, de e:e/p#u, c , +" co/para %e cu e)o#u %a
9%o#o7%c a 0pec%%#or, e)o#u %a cu#tura# $% 0oc%a# e0te e:tre/ de rap%d ? t%/ c
u"e#e 0oc%et % 0e tra"0&or/ d%" pu"ct de )edere te8"o#o7%c 0au eco"o/%c /a%
rap%d dec*t a#te#e? t%/, de a0e/e"ea, c d%&er%te 0ectoare d%" 0*"u# ace#e%a$%
0oc%et % pre;%"t rate d%&er%te de 0c8%/9are J acea d%0par%tate pe care H%##%a/
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o &ace / 0ura9%# ?
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C8%ar $% +" )re/ur% /a% aprop%ate 0e o90er) ace#a$% &e"o/e" de
+"t*r;%ere? @" 153D a &o0t %")e"tat o /a$%" care 0ecera, tre%era, #e7a pa%e#e +"
0"op% $% u/p#ea 0ac%% cu 7r u" e? Acea0t /a$%" era $% ea 9a;at pe o
te8"o#o7%e )ec8e de ce# pu %" dou ;ec% de a"% #a data aceea? Totu$% a9%a pe0te
u" 0eco#, dup 1934, au putut &% 7 0%te +" co/er a0e/e"ea co/9%"e?
Pr%/u# pate"t e"7#e; pe"tru o /a$%" de 0cr%0 a &o0t e/%0 +" 171I? Dar a
tre9u%t 0 treac u" 0eco# $% <u/ tate pe"tru ca /a$%"%#e de 0cr%0 0 apar
pep%a ? A durat u" 0eco# +"tre7 p*" ce %deea #u% N%c8o#a0 Appert, care a
de0coper%t /odu# de co"0er)are a a#%/e"te#or, $%6a 7 0%t o ap#%care #ar7 +"
%"du0tr%a a#%/e"tar ?
@" pre;e"t, u" a0e/e"ea %"ter)a# +"tre %dee $% ap#%ca %e e aproape de
"e+"c8%pu%t? % a0ta "u pe"tru c a/ &% /a% %0te % 0au /a% pu %" #e"e$% dec*t
0tr /o$%% "o$tr%? Dar odat cu 0cur7erea t%/pu#u% 06au %")e"tat o 0ea/ de
procedee 0oc%a#e +" )ederea acce#er r%% proce0u#u%? Co"0tat / a0t&e# c
%"ter)a#u# d%"tre pr%/u# $% a# do%#ea 0tad%u a# c%c#u#u% de %"o)a %e J +"tre %dee $%
ap#%care J a &o0t redu0 +" /od 0u90ta" %a#?
A0t&e#, e:a/%"*"d dou ;ec% de %"o)a %% %/porta"te, cu/ 0u"t a#%/e"te#e
co"7e#ate, a"t%9%ot%ce#e, c%rcu%te#e %"te7rate, p%e#ea 0%"tet%c $?a?, (ra"3 LB"" a
co"0tatat c de #a +"ceputu# ace0tu% 0eco# $% p*" +" pre;e"t t%/pu# /ed%u
"ece0ar pe"tru ca o de0coper%re $t%%" %&%c /a<or 0 &%e tra"0pu0 +"tr6o &or/
te8"o#o7%c ut%# 06a redu0 cu pe0te D4F? @" pre;e"t, o )a0t $% +"&#or%toare
%"du0tr%e de cercetare $% de;)o#tare ac %o"ea; +" /od de#%9erat +" )ederea
0curt r%% %"ter)a#u#u% +"tr6o / 0ur tot /a% /are?
Dac +"0 o %dee "ou are "e)o%e de /a% pu %" t%/p pe"tru ca 0 a<u"7
pe p%a , ea are, de a0e/e"ea, "e)o%e de /a% pu %" t%/p ca 0 0e
r 0p*"dea0c +" 0oc%etate? A0t&e#, %"ter)a#u# d%"tre a# do%#ea $% a# tre%#ea 0tad%u
a# c%c#u#u% J +"tre ap#%care $% d%&u;are J a &o0t, de a0e/e"ea, /%c$orat, %ar r%t/u#
d%&u; r%% de)%"e a/e %tor de rap%d? I0tor%a a "u/eroa0e aparate de u; ca0"%c e
7r %toare +" ace0t 0e"0? Ro9ert B?
2ou"7, de #a I"0t%tutu# de cercet r% ,ta"&ord, a ur/ r%t 0 a&#e c*t t%/p 0e
0cur7e +"tre pr%/a apar% %e co/erc%a# a u"u% "ou aparat e#ectr%c $% /o/e"tu#
c*"d %"du0tr%a produc toare at%"7e produc %a de )*r& a art%co#u#u% +" cau; ?
2ou"7 a co"0tatat c pe"tru u" 7rup de aparate %"trodu0e +" ,tate#e
U"%te +"a%"te de 19M4 J cupr%";*"d, +"tre a#te#e, a0p%ratoru# de pra&, /a$%"a de
7 t%t e#ectr%c $% &r%7%deru# J %"ter)a#u# /ed%u d%"tre %"troducere $% produc %a de
)*r& a &o0t de tre%;ec% $% patru de a"%? Pe"tru a#t 7rup +"0 , ap rut +" per%oada
1939 J 19N9 J cupr%";*"d t%7a%a e#ectr%c , te#e)%;oru# $%co/9%"a %a 0p # tor6
u0c tor J, %"ter)a#u# a &o0t de "u/a% opt a"%? I"ter)a#u# 06a redu0 cu pe0te 7DF?
=!rupu# po0t9e#%c J 0pu"ea 2ou"7 J a de/o"0trat +" /od e#oc)e"t c%t de
repede cre$te )%te;a c%c#u#u% /oder">?
V%te;a cre0c*"d a %")e"t r%%, e:p#oat r%% $% d%&u; r%% acce#erea; , de
a0e/e"ea, +"tre7u# c%c#u? C c% /a$%"%#e $% ut%#a<e#e "o% repre;%"t "u "u/a%
produ0u# u"or %de% creatoare, c% totodat o 0ur0 de a#te %de% creatoare?
Or%ce /a$%" 0au ut%#a< "ou 0c8%/9 +"tr6u" a"u/%t 0e"0 toate /a$%"%#e $%
ut%#a<e#e e:%0te"te pr%" &aptu# c "e d po0%9%#%tatea de a #e co/9%"a +"tr6u" &e#
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"u/ ru# co/9%"a %%#or po0%9%#e cre$te +" /od e:po"e" %a#? @"tr6ade) r, &%ecare
"ou co/9%"a %e poate &% co"0%derat +" 0%"e ca o "ou 0uper/a$%" ?
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co/p#%cat ac %u"e 0pa %a# ?
@" co/9%"a %e cu aparate de percep %e, cu ec8%pa/e"t de co/u"%ca %e $%
cu 0ur0e e"er7et%ce, ca#cu#atoru# a de)e"%t parte a u"u% a7re7at care repre;%"t
o 0uper/a$%" J o /a$%" cu care 0e poate a<u"7e +" 0pa %u# co0/%c pe"tru a6#
%")e0t%7a? Dar, pe"tru ca /a$%"%#e $% aparate#e 0 poat &% co/9%"ate +"tr6u" &e#
"ou, e#e tre9u%e 0 &%e /od%&%cate, adaptate, per&ec %o"ate? A0t&e#, +"0u$% e&ortu#
de a %"te7ra /a$%"% +" 0uper/a$%"% "e o9#%7 0 &ace/ "o% %"o)a %% te8"%ce?
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0e #%/%tea; #a co/9%"area $% reco/9%"area /a$%"%#or $% aparate#or? No%#e
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o&er $% "o% 0o#u %% pe"tru pro9#e/e de ord%" 0oc%a#, &%#o;o&%c 0au c8%ar per0o"a#?
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7*"de$te $% co"cepe #u/ea?
No% +") / cu to %% de #a /ed%u# "o0tru +"co"<ur tor, pe care +# 0crut /
"e+"cetat J de$% u"eor% poate +" /od %"co"$t%e"t J, +" c utare de /ode#e pe
care 0 #e %/%t /? Dar "u "u/a% oa/e"%% repre;%"t a0e/e"ea /ode#e? a$%"%#e
ocup u" #oc d%" ce +" ce /a% %/porta"t? Pre;e" a #or "e co"d% %o"ea; +" /od
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ap rut cu /u#t +"a%"te ca Ne1to" 0 &% &or/u#at %/a7%"ea 0a de0pre #u/e ca
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co0/o0u#u% ca u" /are cea0or"%c %/p#%c %deea cau;e% $% a e&ectu#u%, precu/ $%
%/porta" a 0t%/u#e" %#or e:ter"% +" raport cu ce% %"ter"% $% care +" pre;e"t
/ode#ea; co/portarea "oa0tr , a tuturora? Cea0or"%cu# a %"&#ue" at $%
co"cep %a "oa0tr de0pre t%/p, a0t&e# +"c*t %deea c ;%ua e0te +/p r %t +"
dou ;ec% $% patru de 0e7/e" % e7a#%, de c*te $a%;ec% de /%"ute &%ecare, a
de)e"%t aproape o parte %"te7ra"t d%" &%%" a "oa0tr ?
De cur*"d, ca#cu#atoru# a 0t*r"%t o &urtu" de "o% %de% cu pr%)%re #a o/ ca
& c*"d parte d%" 0%0te/e /a% /ar%, de0pre &%;%o#o7%a #u% $% &e#u# cu/ +")a , cu/
+$% a/%"te$te, cu/ %a 8ot r*r%? E&0ct%), toate d%0c%p#%"e#e %"te#ectua#e, de #a
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%/pactu# 0 u +"c "u 06a & cut +" +"tre7%/e re0%/ %t? A0t&e#, c%c#u# %"o)ator,
a#%/e"t*"du60e 0%"7ur, cap t o )%te; tot /a% /are?
Dac +"0 te8"%ca poate &% co/parat cu u" /otor ur%a$, cu u"
acce#erator puter"%c, atu"c% $t%%" a tre9u%e co"0%derat drept co/9u0t%9%#u# care
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+" 0oc%etate, c c% /otoru# e0te a#%/e"tat cu u" co/9u0t%9%# d%" ce +" ce /a%
+/9o7 %t?
t%%" a e co/9u0t%9%# R%t/u# +" care o/u# a adu"at cu"o$t%" e &o#o0%toare
de0pre e# $% de0pre u"%)er0 a cre0cut +" 0p%ra# t%/p de c%rca 14?444 de a"%?
R%t/u# a & cut u" 0a#t /are +"a%"te odat cu %")e"tarea 0cr%er%%, dar c8%ar $%
dup aceea a r /a0 de0tu# de #e"t t%/p de 0eco#e?
Ur/ toru# /are 0a#t +"a%"te +" de;)o#tarea cu"o$t%" e#or a a)ut #oc a9%a
odat cu %")e"tarea t%paru#u% /o9%#, +" 0eco#u# a# OV6#ea, de c tre !ute"9er7 $%
a# %%? P*" #a 1 N44, #u+"d drept 9a; e)a#u r% c*t 0e poate de opt%/%0te, Europa
producea c r % +"tr6u" r%t/ de 1?444 de t%t#ur% pe a"? !ro00o /odo, acea0ta
+"0ea/" c tre9u%a 0 dure;e u" 0eco# +"tre7 pe"tru a produce o 9%9#%otec de
144?444 de t%t#ur%? @" 19N4, dup patru 0eco#e $% <u/ tate, r%t/u# 0e acce#era0e
+" a$a / 0ur +"c*t Europa producea 1M4?444 de t%t#ur% pe a"? Ceea ce +"a%"te
dura0e u" 0eco# acu/ 0e rea#%;a +" "u/a% ;ece #u"%? @" 19D4, cu "u/a% ;ece a"%
/a% t*r;%u, r%t/u# & cu0e a#t 0a#t %/porta"t, a0t&e# +"c*t act%)%tatea u"u% 0eco#
putea &% +"& ptu%t +" "u/a% $apte #u"% $% <u/ tate? Iar pe #a /%<#ocu# a"%#or CD4
produc %a de c r % pe 0car /o"d%a# , %"c#u0%) Europa, 0e aprop%a de c%&ra
&a"ta0t%c de 1444 de t%t#ur% pe zi.
( r +"do%a# c "u or%ce carte repre;%"t u" c*$t%7 "et pe"tru pro7re0u#
cu"oa$ter%%? Totu$% 0e co"0tat c , de &apt, cur9a apar% %e% acce#erate a c r %#or
/er7e para#e# cu r%t/u# +" care o/u# c*$t%7 "o% cu"o$t%" e? De e:e/p#u, p*"
#a !ute"9er7 erau cu"o0cute "u/a% 11 e#e/e"te c8%/%ce? A"t%/o"%u#, ce# de6a#
1M6#ea e#e/e"t, a &o0t de0coper%t ca/ +" per%oada c*"d !ute"9er7 #ucra #a
%")e" %a 0a? Trecu0er dou 0ute de a"% de c*"d &u0e0e de0coper%t ce# de6a# 116
#ea, ar0e"%cu#? Dac de0coper%rea e#e/e"te#or ar &% co"t%"uat +" ace#a$% r%t/,
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per%od%c de #a !ute"9er7 +"coace? @" rea#%tate, +" ce% patru 0ute c%"c%;ec% de a"%
ce 06au 0cur0 dup !ute"9er7, 06au de0coper%t $apte;ec% de e#e/e"te $% d%"
1944 +"coace au &o0t %;o#ate $% re0tu# de e#e/e"te, "u +"tr6u" r%t/ de u"u# #a
dou 0eco#e, c% de u"u# #a &%ecare tre% a"%?
De a#t&e# 0e pare c r%t/u# cre$te +" co"t%"uare, +" pre;e"t, de e:e/p#u,
"u/ ru# re)%0te#or $% art%co#e#or $t%%" %&%ce 0e du9#ea; ca/ #a &%ecare
c%"c%0pre;ece a"%, #a &e# ca $% produc %a %"du0tr%a# d%" r%#e a)a"0ate? Dup
cu/ arat 9%oc8%/%0tu# P8%#%p ,%e3e)%t;, =cu"o$t%" e#e c p tate +" u#t%/e#e tre%
dece"%% a0upra "atur%% &%%" e#or )%% reduc aproape #a ;ero %/porta" a or%c re%
per%oade co/para9%#e d%" %0tor%a o/e"%r%% +" ceea ce pr%)e$te de0coper%r%#e
$t%%" %&%ce>, +" pre;e"t, 7u)er"u# ,tate#or U"%te 0%"7ur produce 144?444 de
re&erate +" &%ecare a", p#u0 IN4?444 de art%co#e, c r % $% co/u"%c r%? Pe p#a"
/o"d%a#, #%teratura $t%%" %&%c $% te8"%c cre$te +" &%ecare a" cu apro:%/at%)
D4?444?444 de pa7%"%?
Ca#cu#atoru# a & cut %rup %e pe 0ce" +" <uru# a"u#u% 19N4? Cu capac%tatea
#u% "e/a%po/e"%t de a"a#%; $% d%0e/%"are de date e:tre/ de )ar%ate, +"
ca"t%t % %"cred%9%#e $% #a )%te;e ce dep $e0c or%ce putere de +"c8%pu%re,
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)%te; u#u%toare r%t/u# ac8%;% %e% de cu"o$t%" e?
(ra"c%0 Baco" 0pu"ea c =cu"oa$tere +"0ea/" putere>? Tra"0pu0 +"
ter/e"% co"te/pora"% $% +" co"te:tu# "o0tru 0oc%a#, acea0t re&#ec %e ar 0u"a
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a#%/e"t*"d /are#e /otor a# te8"%c%%, acce#erea; 0c8%/9area?
F%u!u% situ) ii%or
De0coper%re? Ap#%care? I/pact? De0coper%re? E o reac %e +" #a" a
0c8%/9 r%%, o cur9 #u"7 care 0e r%d%c a9rupt $% care repre;%"t acce#era %a
de;)o#t r%% 0oc%a#e a o/u#u%? Acea0t te"d%" de acce#erare a at%"0 acu/ u"
"%)e# care "u /a% poate &% co"0%derat ca ="or/a#>, or%c*te e&ortur% de %/a7%"a %e
06ar &ace?
I"0t%tu %%#e "or/a#e a#e 0oc%et %% %"du0tr%a#e "u o /a% pot cupr%"de, %ar
%/pactu# e% ;dru"c%" toate %"0t%tu %%#e "oa0tre 0oc%a#e? Acce#era %a e0te u"a
d%"tre &or e#e 0oc%a#e ce#e /a% %/porta"te $% ce# /a% pu %" +" e#e0e?
Dar a0ta e doar <u/ tate d%" pro9#e/ , c c% acce#era %a 0c8%/9 r%% e0te +"
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c tre p0%8o#o7%e, r%t/u# cre0c*"d a# 0c8%/9 r%% %" #u/ea d%" <uru# "o0tru tu#9ur
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Acce#era %a e:ter%oar 0e tra"0&or/ +" acce#era %e %"ter%oar ?
,e poate %#u0tra acea0t %dee J 9%"e+" e#e0, +" r"od &oarte 0c8e/at%c J
dac repre;e"t / e:%0te" a %"d%)%dua# ca u" /are ca"a# pr%" care cur7e
e:per%e" a?
Ace0t cure"t de e:per%e" co"0t J 0au e co"ceput ca co"0t*"d J d%"
"e"u/ rate =0%tua %%>? Acce#era %a 0c8%/9 r%% +" 0oc%etatea +"co"<ur toare
/od%&%c puter"%c cure"tu# 0%tua %%#or d%" ace0t ca"a#?
Nu e:%0t o de&%"% %e prec%0 a 0%tua %e%, totu$% ar &% %/po0%9%# 0 "e
adapt / e:per%e" e% dac /%"ta# "u a/ +/p r %6o +" a0e/e"ea u"%t %
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prec%0e, &%ecare 0%tua %e e +" 0%"e =u" +"tre7>, repre;%"t o a"u/%t %"te7rare?
(%ecare 0%tua %e are, de a0e/e"ea, a"u/%te co/po"e"te %de"t%&%ca9%#e, +"
care 0e %"c#ud =#ucrur%> J o 7ar"%tur &%;%c de o9%ecte "atura#e 0au produ0e de
oa/e"%? (%ecare 0%tua %e 0e petrece +"tr6u" =#oc> J o po;% %e 0au o are" +" care
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0oc%et %% $% u" co"te:t de %de% 0au de %"&or/a %%?
Or%ce 0%tua %e poate &% a"a#%;at +" ter/e"%% ace0tor c%"c% co/po"e"te?
Dar 0%tua %%#e %/p#%c $% o d%/e"0%u"e 0eparat , ade0ea trecut cu
)ederea deoarece 0e %"ter0ectea; cu toate ce#e#a#te? Acea0ta e0te durata J
%"ter)a#u# de t%/p +" care 0%tua %a 0e produce? Dou 0%tua %% %de"t%ce +" toate
ce#e#a#te pr%)%" e "u 0u"t #a &e# dac u"a d%" e#e durea; /a% /u#t dec*t
cea#a#t ? C c% t%/pu# %"tr +" co/9%"a %e +"tr6u" /od 8ot r*tor, 0c8%/9*"d
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te/po prea rap%d de)%"e u" c#%"c8et )e0e# de 0u"ete, #a &e# o 0%tua %e care
tre"ea; are cu totu# a#t 0a)oare 0au +" e#e0 dec*t u"a care "e 0urpr%"de cu
u" 0tacato, produc*"du60e 0u9%t $% d%0p r*"d tot at*t de repede?
Iat dec% pr%/u# pu"ct de#%cat +" care te"d%" a de acce#erare d%"tr6o
0oc%etate /are 0e %;9e$te de e:per%e" a o9%$"u%t , ;%#"%c a %"d%)%du#u%
co"te/pora"?
C c% acce#era %a 0c8%/9 r%%, dup cu/ )o/ ar ta, 0curtea; durata
/u#tor 0%tua %%? Acea0ta "u "u/a% c #e /od%&%c puter"%c =0a)oarea>, dar
7r 9e$te $% trecerea #or pr%" ca"a#u# e:per%e" e%? @" co/para %e cu 0oc%etatea +"
care 0c8%/9area e /a% pu %" rap%d , /u#t /a% /u#te 0%tua %% trec acu/ pr%"
ca"a# +" &%ecare /o/e"t, $% acea0ta %/p#%c tra"0&or/ r% pro&u"de +" p0%8o#o7%a
u/a" ?
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RITMUL VIE II
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cure"tu# de %"&or/a %% d%" 0oc%etate?
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0tructurea; 0%tua %a?
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P)rt) ) dou)
TRANZIEN A O#IECTE: "OCIETATEA CARE AZV2RLE
=Bar9%e, o &et% de 34 c/, d%" /ater%a# p#a0t%c, e0te p pu$a cea /a%
re"u/%t , care a cu"o0cut ce# /a% /are 0ucce0 de p%a ? De #a %"troducerea e%
+" &a9r%ca %e, +" 19N9, popu#a %a de p pu$% Bar9%e d%" #u/e a a<u"0 #a c%&ra de
1M?444?444, dep $%"d popu#a %a u/a" d%" Lo0 A"7e#e0, Lo"dra 0au Par%0?
(et% e#e o ador pe Bar9%e pe"tru c are o +"& %$are &oarte "atura# $% poate &%
7 t%t &ru/o0? atte#, I"c, &a9r%ca" %% #u% Bar9%e, o&er 0pre )*";are $% o
7ardero9 co/p#et , cupr%";*"d roc8%% de &%ecare ;%, roc8%% pe"tru recep %%,
co0tu/e de 9a%e $% de 0c8%?
De cur*"d atte# a a"u" at c )a pu"e +" )*";are o "ou p pu$ Bar9%e,
per&ec %o"at ? Noua )er0%u"e are o 0%#uet /a% 0up# , 7e"e =ade) rate>, 0e
poate +"do% $% r 0uc% d%" /%<#oc, ceea ce +% d u" caracter /u#t /a% u/a"o%d? De
a0e/e"ea, atte# a a"u" at c toate do/"%$oare#e care )or dor% 0 cu/pere o
"ou Bar9%e )or 9e"e&%c%a de o reducere dac )or preda p pu$a )ec8e?
Ceea ce atte# a o/%0 0 0pu" e0te c , 0c8%/9*"du6$% p pu$a )ec8e
pe"tru u" /ode# /a% per&ec %o"at d%" pu"ct de )edere te8"o#o7%c, &et% a de
a0t ;%, cet ea" a #u/%% 0upra%"du0tr%a#e de /*%"e, )a +") a o #ec %e
&u"da/e"ta# cu pr%)%re #a "oua 0oc%etate, $% a"u/e c re#a %%#e o/u#u% cu
obiectele 0u"t d%" ce +" ce /a% trec toare?
,u"te/ +"co"<ura % de u" ocea" de o9%ecte &%;%ce produ0e de oa/e"%,
ocea" care, #a r*"du# #u%, 0e a&# +"tr6u" ocea" $% /a% )a0t de o9%ecte "atura#e?
D%" ce +" ce cap t +"0 /a% /u#t %/porta" pe"tru %"d%)%d /ed%u# produ0 cu
a<utoru# te8"%c? ,upra&e e#e de p#a0t%c 0au de 9eto", #uc%u# %r%;at a# u"u%
auto/o9%# 0u9 #u/%"a de "eo" a 0tr ;%%, %/a7%"ea u%/%toare a pe%0a<u#u% c%tad%"
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d%" e:%0te" a o/u#u%? O9%ecte#e & cute de oa/e"% p tru"d +" co"$t%%" $% o
/ode#ea; ? Ca"t%tatea ace0tor o9%ecte cre$te cu o &or e:p#o;%) , at*t +" /od
a90o#ut c*t $% +" raport cu /ed%u# "atura#, $% )a cre$te tot /a% r"u#t +" 0oc%etatea
0upra%"du0tr%a# ?
A"t%/ater%a#%$t%% t%"d 0 /%"%/a#%;e;e %/porta" a =o9%ecte#or>? O9%ecte#e
+"0 au o 0e/"%&%ca %e &oarte /are, "u "u/a% d%" cau;a &u"c %e% #or ut%#%tare, c% $%
d%" cau;a %/pactu#u% #or p0%8o#o7%c? @"tre "o% $% o9%ecte 0e 0ta9%#e0c re#a %%?
O9%ecte#e %"&#ue" ea; 0%/ u# "o0tru de co"t%"u%tate 0au d%0co"t%"u%tate? E#e
<oac u" ro# +" 0tructura 0%tua %%#or, %ar reducerea +" t%/p a re#a %%#or "oa0tre cu
o9%ecte#e acce#erea; r%t/u# )%e %%?
De a0e/e"ea, at%tud%"ea "oa0tr &a de o9%ecte re&#ect <udec %
&u"da/e"ta#e de )a#oare? C*t de %/pre0%o"a"t e deo0e9%rea d%"tre "oua
7e"era %e de &et% e care a#ear7 9ucuroa0e 0 predea p pu$%#e #or Bar9%e +"
0c8%/9u# "ou#u% /ode# per&ec %o"at $% ce#e care, a0e/e"ea /a/e#or $%
9u"%ce#or #or, pe )re/ur%, 0e ata$au de o p pu$ $% "u )o%au 0 0e de0part de
ea p*" ce p pu$a "u %0e 0tr%ca d%" cau;a )*r0te% +"a%"tate? @" acea0t
deo0e9%re 0e o7#%"de$te co"tra0tu# d%"tre trecut $% )%%tor, d%"tre 0oc%et %#e
9a;ate pe per/a"e" $% 0oc%etatea "ou , care +"a%"tea; cu pa$% repe;%,
9a;at pe tra";%e" ?
Mir)s) n roc0i d 0rti
Cu#tura +" care tr %e$te &et% a cu p pu$a pre0c8%/9at o&er "u/eroa0e
e:e/p#e a#e caracteru#u% d%" ce +" ce /a% trec tor a# re#a %%#or d%"tre oa/e"% $%
o9%ecte? (et% a +$% d &oarte cur*"d 0ea/a c p pu$%#e Bar9%e "u 0u"t 0%"7ure#e
o9%ecte &%;%ce care %"tr $% %e0 & r +"cetare d%" )%a a e% &ra7ed ? ,cutece,
9 r9% e, $er)e e#e de 8*rt%e .#ee"e:, pro0oape, 0t%c#e de 0%&o" "erecupera9%#e J
toate 0e per%"d aca0 #a ea $%, dup &o#o0%re, 0u"t aru"cate & r /%# ? !o7o$%
de / #a% 0e cu/p r +/preu" cu t%7a%a de pr <%t, care e apo% aru"cat dup o
0%"7ur &o#o0%re? ,pa"acu#, a/9a#at +"tr6o pu"7 de p#a0t%c, 0e &%er9e +"tr6o oa#
cu ap c#ocot%"d $% apo% 0e aru"c pu"7a? Ta)a cu /*"care ce % 0e o&er +"
t%/p ce 0ta% #a te#e)%;or 0e aru"c de0eor% +/preu" cu re0tur%#e? Ca0a &et% e% e
u" &e# de /a$%" de pre#ucrare, pr%" care cur7 o9%ecte ce %"tr $% %e0 cu o )%te;
d%" ce +" ce /a% /are? @"c de #a "a$tere, ea 0e a&# pr%"0 , & r put%" de
0c pare, +"tr6o cu#tur +" care o9%ecte#e 0u"t a;)*r#%te?
Ideea de a &o#o0% u" produ0 o 0%"7ur dat 0au u" t%/p &oarte 0curt $% apo%
de a6# +"#ocu% e +/potr%)a co"cep %e% 0oc%et %#or 0au %"d%)%;%#or care au cu"o0cut
0 r c%a? Acu/ c*t)a t%/p, Ur%e# Ro"e, care #ucrea; ca cercet tor #a A7e" %a
&ra"ce; de pu9#%c%tate =Pu9#%c%0>, +/% 0pu"ea: =!o0pod%"a &ra"ce; "u e
o9%$"u%t 0 aru"ce )reu" produ0? @% p#ace 0 p 0tre;e #ucrur%#e, c8%ar $% #ucrur%#e
)ec8%? A7e" %a "oa0tr a #ucrat pe"tru o 0oc%etate care )o%a 0 %"troduc u" &e#
de perde#e de p#a0t%c ce 0e aru"cau dup &o#o0%re?
A/ +"trepr%"0 u" 0tud%u a# p%e e% pe"tru acea0t 0oc%etate, dar a/
co"0tatat c re;%0te" a era prea puter"%c >? Re;%0te" care +"cepe +"0 0
d%0par +" toat #u/ea c%)%#%;at ?
A0t&e#, u" 0cr%%tor, Ed1ard a;e, 0u9#%"%a c /u# % a/er%ca"%, c # tor%"d +"
,ued%a #a +"ceputu# dece"%u#u% a# D6#ea, au r /a0 u%/% % de cur e"%a ce do/"ea
+" acea0t ar ? =A/ &o0t pur $% 0%/p#u %/pre0%o"a % ) ;*"d c pe /ar7%"ea
0tr ;%#or "u erau 0t%c#e 7oa#e de 9ere $% de 0uc, a$a cu/, 0pre ru$%"ea "oa0tr ,
e:%0t +" A/er%ca? Dar pe0te c* %)a a"% "u /%c "e6a &o0t /%rarea c*"d a/
) ;ut c $% de6a #u"7u# $o0e#e#or 0uede;e ; ceau tot &e#u# de 0t%c#e a;)*r#%te???
Ce 0e +"t*/p#a0eA Ur/*"d /ode#u# a/er%ca", ,ued%a de)e"%0e $% ea +"tre t%/p
o 0oc%etate care cu/p r , &o#o0e$te $% aru"c #ucrur%>? @" Papo"%a de a0t ;%,
e0 tur%#e de 8*rt%e =de &o#o0%t $% aru"cat> 0u"t at*t de r 0p*"d%te +"c*t
9at%0te#e de p*"; 0u"t co"0% derate de/odate, pe"tru a "u /a% )or9% de &aptu#
c 0u"t "e%7%e"%ce? @" A"7#%a 0e poate cu/p ra cu D pe"ce =o per%e de d%" % de
&o#o0%t $% aru"cat>, a)*"d u" 0trat de pa0t de d%" % pe"tru o 0%"7ur
+"tre9u%" are? P*" $% +" (ra" a, 9r%c8ete#e de aru"cat 0u"t &oarte r 0p*"d%te?
De #a a/9a#a<e#e de carto" pe"tru #apte p*" #a rac8ete#e care )e8%cu#ea;
"a)e 0pa %a#e, produ0e#e create pe"tru &o#o0%" a de 0curt durat 0au pe"tru o
0%"7ur dat de)%" tot /a% "u/eroa0e $% /a% %/porta"te pe"tru /odu# "o0tru
de )%a ?
I"troducerea rece"t a +/9r c /%"te% de 8*rt%e 0au d%" 0e/%8*rt%e a
/arcat u" pa0 /a% departe pe ca#ea &o#o0%" e% de 0curt durat ? a7a;%"e#e de
#u: ca $% ce#e ce de0&ac +/9r c /%"te pe"tru c#a0e#e /u"c%toare au & cut 0
r 0ar 0ec %% +"tre7% care 0e ocup cu producerea de +/9r c /%"te d%" 8*rt%e +"
cu#or% )e0e#e $% cu de0e"e &a"te;%0te? Re)%0te#e de /od pre;%"t roc8%%,
p%<a/a#e $% c8%ar roc8%% de /%rea0 & cute d%" 8*rt%e J de o e#e7a" care + % %a
oc8%%? @"tr6u"a d%" ace0te re)%0te, /%rea0a poart o tre" #u"7 , a#9 , d%" 8*rt%e
ce %/%t da"te#a $% d%" care, 0cr%e redactoru# re)%0te%, 0e )or putea &ace, dup
cere/o"%e, "%$te =perde#e 7ro;a)e de 9uc t r%e>?
@/9r c /%"tea de 8*rt%e e0te +" 0pec%a# %"d%cat pe"tru cop%%? Iat ce
0cr%e u" e:pert +" /od : =(et% e#e )or &% +" cur*"d #%9ere 0 6$% r 0toar"e
+"78e ata pe roc8% e, 0 #e p%cte;e cu acuare#e 0au 0 #e ta%e +" 9uc %, dup
cu/ #% 0e )a " ; r%, +" t%/p ce /a/e#e )or ;*/9% +"c*"tate de 0p%r%tu# creator a#
pro7e"%tur%% #or>? Iar pe"tru adu# %% care )or dor% 0 6$% /a"%&e0te de a0e/e"ea
0%/ u# creator e:%0t c8%ar $% o =roc8%e pe care cu/p rtoarea ur/ea; 06o
p%cte;e 0%"7ur > $% care 0e )%"de +/preu" cu pe"0u#a? Pre u#: do% do#ar%?
Pre u#, de0%7ur, e0te u" &actor deter/%"a"t a# e:p#o;%e% de 8*rt%e? A0t&e#,
u" /a7a;%" u"%)er0a# pre;%"t roc8%% 0%/p#e co"&ec %o"ate d%" ceea ce
de"u/e$te =&%9r de ce#u#o; $% "B#o" de care "u6/% pa0 >?
Dar "u "u/a% a0pectu# eco"o/%c pre;%"t %/porta" E r 0p*"d%rea
c%)%#%;a %e% care +$% aru"c produ0e#e dup o 0%"7ur +"tre9u%" are are +"0 $%
co"0ec%" e p0%8o#o7%ce 7ra)e?
,e de;)o#t a0t&e# o /e"ta#%tate a co"0u/atoru#u% care &o#o0e$te $%
aru"c , /e"ta#%tate core0pu"; toare produ0e#or de pe p%a ? R 0p*"d%rea
ace0te% te"d%" e =de de0cotoro0%re> +" 0*"u# 0oc%et %% %/p#%c o durat /a%
redu0 a re#a %%#or d%"tre o/ $% #ucru? @" #oc 0 "e 0%/ %/ #e7a % de u" 0%"7ur
o9%ect u" t%/p re#at%) +"de#u"7at, 0u"te/ #e7a % pe"tru per%oade 0curte de
o9%ecte 0ucce0%)e care +# +"#ocu%e0c?
,uper/ar3et6u# d%0p rut Te"d%" a c tre tra";%e" 0e /a"%&e0t c8%ar $% +"
ar8%tectur J toc/a% ace# e#e/e"t d%" /ed%u# &%;%c +"co"<ur tor care +" trecut
co"tr%9u%a ce# /a% /u#t #a 0e"t%/e"tu# de per/a"e" a# o/u#u%? (et% a care6$%
pred p pu$a Bar9%e +" 0c8%/9u# u"e% reducer% de pre +$% )a da, de0%7ur,
0ea/a $% de tra";%e" 9#ocur%#or 0au a a#tor c# d%r% /ar% d%" <uru# e%? D%0tru7e/
p%etre#e de 8otar? D r*/ / 0tr ;% +"tre7% $% ora$e $% r%d%c / a#te#e "o% cu o
)%te; a/e %toare?
=V*r0ta /ed%e a #ocu%" e#or 06a redu0 +" /od co"t%"uu J 0cr%e E? (? Carter,
de #a I"0t%tutu# de cercet r% ,ta"&ord J, de #a o durat )%rtua#/e"te "e#%/%tat
pe )re/ea ca)er"e#or p*" #a apro:%/at%) o 0ut de a"% pe"tru ca0e#e
co"0tru%te +" ,tate#e U"%te +" per%oada co#o"%a# $% #a c%rca patru;ec% de a"% +"
pre;e"t>? Iar %c8ae# Hood, u" 0cr%%tor e"7#e;, 0pu"ea: A/er%ca"u# =$%6a
co"0tru%t #u/ea a9%a %er% $% e# +$% d prea 9%"e 0ea/a c*t de &ra7%# $% de
0c8%/9 toare e0te acea0t #u/e? La Ne1 2or3 0e +"t*/p# ca 9#ocur% +"tre7% 0
d%0par #%tera#/e"te pe0te "oapte, %ar &a a u"u% ora$ 0e 0c8%/9 ade0eor% pe
de6a6"tre7u# +" cur0u# u"u% a">?
Ro/a"c%eru# Lou%0 Auc8%"c#o00 +$% ) r0a "eca;u#: =E +"7ro;%tor 0 tr %e$t%
#a Ne1 2or3, c c% e u" ora$ & r %0tor%e??? To % ce% opt 0tr 9u"%c% a% /e% au tr %t +"
ace0t ora$??? $% "u/a% u"a d%"tre ca0e#e +" care au #ocu%t??? 0e /a% a&# +"
p%c%oare? A0ta e0te ceea ce )reau 0 0pu" c*"d )or9e0c de trecutu# care "u #a0
ur/e>? A# % "e16Bor3e;% /a% pu %" patr%c%e"%, a% c ror 0tr /o$% au de9arcat +"
A/er%ca /a% de cur*"d, 0o0%"d ac% d%" Puerto R%co, d%" 0ate#e Europe%
r 0 r%te"e 0au de pe p#a"ta %%#e d%" ,ud, +$% )or e:pr%/a 0e"t%/e"te#e pro9a9%#
+"tr6u" &e# d%&er%t? Totu$% =trecutu# care "u #a0 ur/e> e u" &e"o/e" rea# $% )a
co"t%"ua pro9a9%# 0 0e r 0p*"dea0c , +"78% %"d c8%ar $% /u#te d%" ora$e#e
+/9%9ate de %0tor%e a#e Europe%?
Buc3/%"0ter (u##er, ur9a"%0tu#6&%#o;o&, a de0cr%0 o dat Ne1 2or3u# ca u"
=proce0 e)o#ut%) co"t%"uu de e)acu r%, de/o# r%, /ut r%, tere"ur% te/porar
)%ra"e, %"0ta# r% "o% $% da capo? Ace0t proce0 e0te %de"t%c +" pr%"c%p%u cu rota %a
a"ua# a cu#tur%#or #a &er/e J aratu#, 0e/ "atu# "o%% 0e/%" e, reco#tatu#, aratu#
d%" "ou $% 0e/ "atu# u"u% a#t t%p de p#a"t ? a<or%tatea oa/e"%#or 0ocote0c c
$a"t%ere#e de co"0truc %% care 9#oc8ea; 0tr ;%#e Ne1 2or3u#u%??? 0u"t
%/ped%/e"te te/porare, care )or d%0p rea cur*"d, +"dat ce 0%tua %a )a
rede)e"% "or/a# ? E% /a% tr %e0c +"c cu %deea c per/a"e" a repre;%"t
"or/a#u#, ceea ce e o r / $% a co"cep %e% "e1to"%e"e de0pre u"%)er0? De0pre
ce% care au tr %t +" Ne1 2or3 de #a +"ceputu# 0eco#u#u% 0e poate 0pu"e c au
& cut d%rect e:per%e" a re#at%)%t %% e%"0te%"%e"e>?
%6a/ dat 0ea/a $% eu pr%"tr6o e:per%e" per0o"a# de ceea ce
+"0ea/" %"te7rarea =re#at%)%t %% e%"0te%"%e"e> +" co"$t%%" a cop%%#or? Acu/
c*t)a t%/p, 0o %a /ea a tr%/%06o pe &%%ca "oa0tr , +" )*r0t de do%0pre;ece a"%,
#a u" 0uper/ar3et 0%tuat #a c*te)a corpur% de ca0e dep rtare de aparta/e"tu#
"o0tru d%" a"8atta"? (et% a /a% &u0e0e #a ace0t /a7a;%" o dat 0au de dou
or%? Pe0te o <u/ tate de or +"0 0e +"toar0e "edu/er%t aca0 ? =Pro9a9%# c a
&o0t de/o#at J ;%0e ea J, "u #6a/ 7 0%t>? Nu &u0e0e de/o#atE .are" c uta0e
/a7a;%"u# +" a#t #oc c c% "u cu"o$tea +"c 9%"e +/pre<ur%/%#e? Dar ea e u" cop%#
a# ere% tra";%e" e%? O a0e/e"ea %dee "u %6ar &% trecut "%c%odat pr%" cap u"u%
cop%# a&#at +"tr6o 0%tua %e a0e/ " toare +" ur/ cu "u/a% o <u/ tate de 0eco#?
ed%u# a/9%a"t era atu"c% /u#t /a% dura9%#, %ar #e7 tur%#e "oa0tre cu e# /a%
pu %" tra";%tor%%?
Eco"o/%a "eper/a"e" e% +" trecut, per/a"e" a repre;e"ta %dea#u#? (%e
c era )or9a de o perec8e de c%;/e, &%e c 0e co"0tru%a o catedra# J +"trea7a
e"er7%e creatoare $% product%) a o/u#u% t%"dea c tre /a:%/a#%;area
dura9%#%t %% produ0u#u%? Ceea ce co"0tru%a o/u# era /e"%t 0 dure;e, a0ta era
#e7ea #u%? At*t t%/p c*t 0oc%etatea d%" <ur r /*"ea re#at%) "e0c8%/9at , &%ecare
o9%ect a)ea o &u"c %e prec%0 deter/%"at , %ar #o7%ca eco"o/%c %/pu"ea o
po#%t%c a per/a"e" e%? C8%ar dac tre9u%au reparate d%" c*"d +" c*"d, c%;/e#e
care co0tau c%"c%;ec% de do#ar% $% durau ;ece a"% erau /a% %e&t%"e dec*t ce#e
care co0tau ;ece do#ar% $% durau doar u" a"?
Pe / 0ur ce r%t/u# 7e"era# a# 0c8%/9 r%#or 0e acce#erea; +" 0oc%etate,
eco"o/%a per/a"e" e% e0te +"#ocu%t J $% tre9u%e 0 &%e +"#ocu%t J de eco"o/%a
tra";%e" e%?
@" pr%/u# r*"d, pro7re0u# te8"%c t%"de 0 reduc co0tur%#e produc %e% /u#t
/a% repede dec*t co0tur%#e repara %%#or? @" t%/p ce produc %a 0e auto/at%;ea; ,
repara %%#e r /*" +" r"are / 0ur opera %% /e$te$u7 re$t%? Acea0ta +"0ea/"
c ade0eor% e /a% %e&t%" 0 +"#ocu%e$t% u" o9%ect dec*t 0 6# repar%? D%" pu"ct de
)edere eco"o/%c e /a% ra %o"a# 0 produc% o9%ecte %e&t%"e, "erepara9%#e, care
0e aru"c , c8%ar dac "u 0u"t at*t de dura9%#e ca o9%ecte#e repara9%#e?
@" a# do%#ea r*"d, pro7re0u# te8"%c &ace po0%9%# per&ec %o"area o9%ecte#or
pe / 0ur ce +"a%"t / +" t%/p? Ca#cu#atoru# d%" 7e"era %a a doua e /a% 9u"
dec*t ce# d%" pr%/a 7e"era %e, %ar a# tre%#ea e /a% 9u" dec*t a# do%#ea? Deoarece
pute/ a"t%c%pa c +" )%%tor pro7re0u# te8"o#o7%c )a co"t%"ua, c per&ec %o" r%#e
)or a)ea #oc #a %"ter)a#e $% /a% 0curte, 0e pare c d%" pu"ct de )edere
eco"o/%c e /a% ra %o"a# 0 produc% o9%ecte de &o#o0%" 0curt dec*t de
&o#o0%" +"de#u"7at ? Da)%d Le1%0, u" ar8%tect $% ur9a"%0t d%" cadru# A0oc%a %e%
pe"tru pro%ecte ur9a"e d%" P%tt09ur78, )or9e$te de0pre u"e#e 9#ocur% de
aparta/e"te d%" %a/% care 0u"t de/o#ate dup "u/a% ;ece a"% de e:%0te" ?
,%0te/e#e per&ec %o"ate de co"d% %o"are a aeru#u% d%" "o%#e 9#ocur% a&ectea;
re"ta9%#%tateaace0tor 9#ocur% =)ec8%>? %"*"d 0ea/a de toate co0tur%#e
%/p#%cate, re)%"e /a% %e&t%" 0 de/o#e;% 9#ocur% )ec8% de ;ece a"% dec*t 0 #e
tra"0&or/%?
@" a# tre%#ea r*"d, pe / 0ur ce 0c8%/9area 0e acce#erea; $% p tru"de +"
co# ur%#e ce#e /a% +"dep rtate a#e 0oc%et %%, cre$te $% %"cert%tud%"ea cu pr%)%re #a
)%%toare#e "ece0%t %? Recu"o0c*"d %"e)%ta9%#%tatea 0c8%/9 r%%, dar %7"or*"d care
)or &% cer%" e#e pe care "% #e )a %/pu"e, "u +"dr ;"%/ 0 a"7a< / re0ur0e
%/porta"te pe"tru a"u/%te o9%ecte &%:ate +" /od r%7%d $% /e"%te 0 0er)ea0c
u"or 0copur% "e0c8%/9 toare? E)%t*"d a"7a<area +" &or/e $% &u"c %% &%:e,
produce/ pe"tru &o#o0%" pe ter/e" 0curt 0au c ut / 0 &ace/ ca produ0u#
+"0u$% 0 de)%" adapta9%#?
3Procd & cu prudn 4 p p%)n t0nic5
R 0p*"d%rea cu#tur%% care +$% &o#o0e$te $% +$% aru"c produ0e#e, o9%$"u%" a
de a "e de0cotoro0% de tot /a% /u#te #ucrur% 0u"t r 0pu"0u# #a ace0te pre0%u"%
puter"%ce? Pe / 0ur ce 0c8%/9area 0e acce#erea; , %ar co/p#e:%t %#e 0e
+"/u# e0c, "e pute/ a$tepta #a o de;)o#tare $% /a% /are a pr%"c%p%u#u% de
de0cotoro0%re, #a o a/putare $% /a% 0er%oa0 a re#a %%#or o/u#u% cu o9%ecte#e?
Tere"u# de <oc porta9%# @" a&ar de de0cotoro0%re e:%0t $% a#te reac %% care
au ace#a$% e&ect p0%8o#o7%c? De e:e/p#u, a0%0t / +" pre;e"t #a crearea pe 0car
/are a u"or o9%ecte /e"%te 0 0er)ea0c pe"tru /a% /u#te 0copur% pe ter/e"
0curt, +" #oc de u" 0%"7ur 0cop? Ace0tea "u 0u"t o9%ecte de aru"cat? De o9%ce%
0u"t prea /ar% $% co0t%0%toare pe"tru a &% a;)*r#%te? Dar 0u"t co"0tru%te +" a$a &e#
+"c*t pot &% de/o"tate dac e "ece0ar $% repu0e +" &u"c %u"e dup &%ecare
&o#o0%re?
A0t&e#, Co/%tetu# pe"tru +") /*"t d%" Lo0 A"7e#e0 a 8ot r*t ca MNF d%"
c#a0e#e de $coa# 0 &%e +" )%%tor co"0truc %% te/porare, care 0 poat &% /utate
dup "ece0%t %? Toate d%0tr%cte#e $co#are pr%"c%pa#e d%" ,tate#e U"%te &o#o0e0c +"
pre;e"t u" "u/ r de c#a0e te/porare? % 0e &ac +" co"t%"uare
a0e/e"eaco"0truc %%? C#a0e#e te/porare repre;%"t +" %"du0tr%a co"0truc %%#or
$co#are ceea ce +/9r c /%"tea de 8*rt%e repre;%"t +" %"du0tr%a +/9r c /%"te%
J u" prea)%; a# )%%toru#u%?
Co"0truc %%#e $co#are te/porare dau po0%9%#%tatea de a 0e &ace &a
/od%&%c r%#or rap%de +" de"0%tatea popu#a %e%? Dar co"0truc %%#e $co#are
te/porare, #a &e# ca $% +/9r c /%"tea de aru"cat, pre0upu" re#a %% +"tre o/ $%
o9%ect de o durat /a% redu0 dec*t +" trecut?
Co"0truc %a $co#ar te/porar +% +")a , a$adar, pe cop%% a"u/%te #ucrur%
c8%ar +" a90e" a +") toru#u%?
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V u" cerc pe care +# +")*rte$t% +" <uru# corpu#u%? J *ota trad.
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care 0u"t 7ata 06o popu#ar%;e;e $% 0oc%et %#e care por"e0c de +"dat #a
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LOCURI: NOII NOMAZI
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N44?444?444?444 3/Uc # tor?
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pe care "%/e"% "u $%6ar &% putut6o +"c8%pu%?
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cu)*"t, +" =(%7aro> de0pre =0c8%/9ur% 7%7a"t%ce de oa/e"%>?
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"u/ r de 3%#o/etr% de dru/ur% +" raport cu 0upra&a a #or c*t e:%0t +" pre;e"t +"
Co/u"%tatea Eco"o/%c Europea" e#e ar tre9u% 0 pa)e;e c%rca DI?444?444
3/ de dru/ur%? Ace0t co"tra0t are pro&u"de co"0ec%" e eco"o/%ce, dar
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0e /%$te d%" #oc +" #oc, +" cadru# &%ec ru% cordo" Kur9a"L??? p 0tr*"d u" /od de
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a"u/e>?
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W"ot T
V Le/%"7 J /a/%&er ro; tor a0e/ " tor cu 8*rc%o7u#? J *ota trad.
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)%a a "oa0tr , tot a$a trec $% oa/e"%%?
Pr u% 3)n()7 rii4
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c tre cup#u# /ed%u 0e r%d%ca de #a $apte #a pa%0pre;ece?
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H%##%a/ H8Bte a ar tat +" (mul organiza ional c %/pactu# u"e%
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#ucrur% a0upra &or/ r%% cop%%#or +" 7e"era#?
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0 rup re#a %%#e u/a"eA
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ta"7%9%#e a#e 0%tua %%#or: oamenii, locurile, lucrurile.
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&o#o0%/ $% cadru# or7a"%;a %o"a# +" u"tru# c ru%a tr %/?
OR$ANIZA II: VIITOAREA AD.:OCRA IE
U"u# d%"tre /%tur%#e ce#e /a% r 0p*"d%te +" #e7 tur cu )%%toru# +# pre;%"t
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&a , o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a#?
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%")e"tea; "u/ere de te#e&o" cu /u#te c%&re $% cartotec% +"0e/"ate cu
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0tructur care o +"#ocu%e$te?
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p0%8o#o7%% 0u"t reu"% % +" ec8%pe tra";%e"te? @" <uru# pro&e0%u"%#or de 9a; 0e
"a0c "o% or7a"%;a %%, re&#ect*"d co/9%"a %% oarecu/ e:ot%ce de %"te#ectua#%,
a0t&e# +"c*t apar 0u97rupur% de 9%o/ate/at%c%e"%, p0%8o&ar/aco#o7%, %"7%"er%6
9%9#%otecar% $% /u;%c%e"%6ca#cu#ator%?
Nu d%0par deo0e9%r%#e d%"tre d%0c%p#%"e, dar e#e de )%" /a% 0u9t%#e, /a%
per/ea9%#e $% are #oc u" proce0 per/a"e"t de pre&acere?
@" ace0te co"d% %%, c8%ar $% ata$a/e"tu# pro&e0%o"a# de)%"e u" a"7a<a/e"t
pe ter/e" 0curt, %ar /u"ca +"0 $%, 0arc%"a de +"dep#%"%t, pro9#e/a de re;o#)at
0u0c%t acea at%tud%"e de a"7a<are re;er)at +" trecut or7a"%;a %e%? ,pec%a#%$t%%
pro&e0%o"%$t%, dup cu/ arat Be""%0, =0e 0%/t, pare60e, reco/pe"0a % pr%"
aprec%er%#e de capac%tate & cute de 0oc%et %#e #or pro&e0%o"a#e $% pr%" 0at%0&ac %a
%"tr%"0ec pe care #e6o procur /u"ca #or? De &apt e% 0e 0%/t a"7a<a % &a de
/u"ca #or, "u &a de 0#u<9 E &a de 0ta"darde#e #or, "u &a de patro"? %
deoarece au d%p#o/e e% c # tore0c? Nu 0u"t Qoa/e"% de " de<deS a%
+"trepr%"der%%E "u 0e 0%/t #e7a % dec*t de #ocur%#e u"de 0e pot <uca cu
pro9#e/e#e>?
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pre;e"t? E:%0t pa0%u"e $% %/a7%"a %e +" %"du0tr%a ca#cu#atoare#or, +" te8"o#o7%a
+") /*"tu#u%, +" ap#%carea te8"%c%#or de 0%0te/e #a pro9#e/e#e ur9a"e, +"
"oua %"du0tr%e ocea"o7ra&%c , +" a7e" %%#e 7u)er"a/e"ta#e care 0e ocup de
pro9#e/e#e /ed%u#u% +"co"<ur tor $% +" a#te do/e"%%?
@" &%ecare d%" ace0te ra/ur%, care 0u"t /a% repre;e"tat%)e pe"tru )%%tor
dec*t pe"tru trecut, e:%0t u" "ou 0p%r%t de a)e"tur , cu totu# opu0
ortodo:%0/u#u%, co"&or/%0/u#u% $% dor%" e% de 0ecur%tate care +# caracter%;ea;
pe o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a#?
Nou# 0p%r%t ce do/"e$te +" ace0te or7a"%;a %% tra";%e"te e0te /a% aproape
de ce# a# +"trepr%"; toru#u% dec*t de ce# a# o/u#u% or7a"%;a %o"a#?
@"trepr%"; toru# cu %"% %at%) , care a pu0 pe p%c%oare u;%"e ur%a$e & r 0 6% &%e
tea/ de e$ec 0au de cr%t%c%#e a#tora e u" erou popu#ar a# %"du0tr%a#%0/u#u%, /a%
a#e0 +" ,tate#e U"%te?
A de)e"%t u" tru%0/ 0 a&%r/% c epoca +"dr ;"e#%% a apu0 $% c acu/ "u 0e
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+" pre;e"t "u e0te dec*t o re"a$tere a 0p%r%tu#u% +"trepr%"; tor c8%ar +" 0*"u#
/ar%#or or7a"%;a %%? =,ecretu# ace0te% r 0tur" r% 0e a&# +" "oua tra";%e" $% +"
d%0par% %a %"0ecur%t %% eco"o/%ce pe"tru /area /a0 de oa/e"% ca#%&%ca %?
Odat cu cre$terea pro0per%t %% a ap rut d%" "ou dor%" a de a0u/are a
r%0cur%#or? Oa/e"%% 0u"t d%0pu$% 0 r%$te e$ecur% pe"tru c 0ocote0c c "u )or
/a% 0u&er% "%c%odat de &oa/e? C8ar#e0 E#1e##, d%rectoru# re#a %%#or %"du0tr%a#e de
#a &%r/a =-u"t (ood0>, a&%r/ : =D%rector%% 0e co"0%der ca "%$te a"trepre"or%
care +$% )*"d cu"o$t%" e#e $% co/pete" a? > +"tr6ade) r, a$a cu/ ar ta a:
HaB0 +" re)%0ta =(ortu"e>, =0pec%a#%0tu# d%" co"ducere d%0pu"e de o 9a;
puter"%c de %"depe"de" J poate c o 9a; /a% 0o#%d c8%ar dec*t a /%cu#u%
o/ de a&acer% 0t p*" pe a)erea 0a>?
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+" c%uda "u/eroa0e#or 0a#e a&%#%a %%, r /*"e de &apt "ea"7a<at &a de )reo
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re;o#)a d%)er0e#e pro9#e/e cu /%<#oace#e pu0e #a d%0po;% %e de or7a"%;a %e $% +"
cadru# u"or 7rupe te/porare &or/ate de acea0ta?
Dar o &ace "u/a% at*ta t%/p c*t pro9#e/e#e +# %"tere0ea; pe el. E a"7a<at
&a de propr%a 0a car%er , &a de propr%a 0a rea#%;are?
Nu e0te dec% +"t*/p# tor, +" #u/%"a ce#or de /a% 0u0, dac ter/e"u# de
=a0oc%at> a de)e"%t e:tre/ de r 0p*"d%t +" /ar%#e or7a"%;a %%? E:%0t acu/
=d%rector% a0oc%a % de /ar3et%"7> $% =cercet tor% a0oc%a %>E p*" $% a7e" %%#e
7u)er"a/e"ta#e 0u"t p#%"e cu =d%rector% a0oc%a %> $% =ad/%"%0trator% a0oc%a %>?
Ter/e"u# de a0oc%at %/p#%c u" coe7a#, $% "u u" 0u9ordo"at, %ar r 0p*"d%rea #u%
re&#ect cu c#ar%tate trecerea de #a %erar8%%#e )ert%ca#e #a "o%#e /ode#e de
co/u"%care care 0e de;)o#t +" #%"%e or%;o"ta# ?
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a0oc%at%) e0te aproape "ep 0 tor &a de ea? @" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# era
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pro9#e/e +" acea0t pr%)%" ? @" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# 0e te/ea de
r%0cur%, o/u# a0oc%at%) /er7e +" +"t*/p%"area #or K$t%%"d c +"tr6o 0oc%etate
pro0per $% +" per/a"e"t 0c8%/9are p*" $% e$ecu# e tra";%e"tL?
@" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# re0pect %erar8%a, c ut*"d 0 6$% &ac o
0%tua %e $% 0 c*$t%7e pre0t%7%u +" cadru# or7a"%;a %e%, o/u# a0oc%a t%) ur/ re$te
0 #e o9 %" +" a&ara or7a"%;a %e%?
@" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# ocupa u" a"u/%t p tr e# pre0ta9%#%t, o/u#
a0oc%at%) 0e /%$c d%" p tr e# +" p tr e# co"&or/ u"u% /ode# co/p#e:, +"
/are parte d%ctat de a0p%ra %%#e #u% per0o"a#e? @" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# 0e
ocupa de 0o#u %o"area u"or pro9#e/e de rut%" , pe 9a;a u"or re7u#% 9%"e
0ta9%#%te, &er%"du60e 0 dea do)ad de #%p0 de ortodo:%e 0au 0 /a"%&e0te
creat%)%tate, o/u# a0oc%at%), co"&ru"tat cu pro9#e/e "o%, 0e 0%/te +/p%"0 0
%"o)e;e, +" t%/p ce o/u# or7a"%;a %o"a# tre9u%a 0 6$% +"&r*"7 propr%a 0a
per0o"a#%tate pe"tru =a <uca +" ec8%p >, o/u# a0oc%at%) +$% d 0ea/a c $%
ec8%pa +"0 $% e tra";%e"t ? @$% )a 0u9ordo"a per0o"a#%tatea u" t%/p +" co"d% %%#e
pe care 0%"7ur #e6a a#e0, dar a0ta "u )a +"0e/"a "%c%decu/ o 0u9ordo"are
per/a"e"t ?
@" toate ace0te 0%tua %%, o/u# a0oc%at%) po0ed u" 0ecret: e# $t%e c +"0 $%
te/porar%tatea re#a %%#or 0a#e cu or7a"%;a %a +# e#%9erea; de /u#te d%"tre
#e7 tur%#e care +# co"0tr*"7eau pe predece0oru# 0 u? @" ace0t 0e"0, tra";%e" a e
e#%9eratoare?
o"eda are +"0 $% u" re)er0, pe care o/u# a0oc%at%), de a0e/e"ea, +#
cu"oa$te? (#uctua %a re#a %%#or cu 0tructur%#e or7a"%;a %o"a#e &or/a#e aduce cu
0%"e o &#uctua %e /a% %"te"0 a or7a"%;a %%#or "e&or/a#e $% o trecere /a% rap%d a
cure"tu#u% de oa/e"%? (%ecare 0c8%/9are aduce cu 0%"e "ece0%tatea de a +") a?
E# tre9u%e 0 +")e e re7u#%#e <ocu#u%? Re7u#%#e 0e 0c8%/9 +"0 /ereu?
I"troducerea ad68ocra %e% / re$te 7radu# de adapta9%#%tate a or7a"%;a %%#or, dar
+# 0# 9e$te pe ce# a# adapta9%#%t %% oa/e"%#or? To/ Bur"0, +" ur/a u"u% 0tud%u
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%;9%tor +"tre /a"a7er%% d%" 0tructur%#e or7a"%;a %o"a#e 0ta9%#e $% ce% ce 0e a&# +"
#ocur% u"de 0c8%/9 r%#e 0u"t &oarte rap%de? Adaptarea repetat , 0pu"e e#, =a)ea
#oc cu pre u# re"u" r%% #a 0at%0&ac %%#e #or $% a# p%erder%% ec8%#%9ru#u% per0o"a#?
E:%0ta o d%&ere" )%;%9%# +"tre 7radu# de "er)o;%tate a# per0oa"e#or d%"
po0tur%#e6c8e%e de co"ducere $% ce# a# per0oa"e#or de aceea$% )*r0t care
a<u"0e0er #a ace#ea$% po;% %%, dar +"tr6u" cadru /a% 0ta9%#>? Iar Be""%0 a&%r/ :
=A &ace &a #a 0c8%/9 r% rap%de, a tr % +" 0%0te/e de /u"c te/porar , a
+""oda +" /are )%te; re#a %% %/porta"te pe"tru ca apo% 0 #e rup% +"0ea/" a
pro)oca +" /od 0%7ur te"0%u"% 0oc%a#e $% p0%8o#o7%ce>?
Pe"tru /u# % oa/e"%, pro9a9%#, )%%toru# )a 0o0% prea repede, at*t +"
do/e"%u# re#a %%#or #or or7a"%;a %o"a#e c*t $% +" a#te do/e"%%? Pe"tru %"d%)%d
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or7a"%;a %o"a#e +" )%a a 0a? @" &e#u# ace0ta, +"c o p%e0 0e a$a; #a #ocu# e% +"
0tud%u# "o0tru de0pre 0oc%etatea de +"a#t tra";%e" ? De)%"e e)%de"t c
acce#erarea re0tr*"7e #e7 tur%#e "oa0tre cu or7a"%;a %a ca/ +" ace#a$% &e# +"
care tru"c8%a; re#a %%#e "oa0tre cu #ucrur%#e, #ocur%#e $% oa/e"%%? (#u:u# / r%t a#
tuturor ace0tor re#a %% cau;ea; /ar% d%&%cu#t % de adaptare %"d%)%;%#or cre0cu %
$% educa % pe"tru o )%a cu u" r%t/ /a% #e"t?
A%c% 0e a&# pr%/e<d%a $ocu#u% )%%toru#u%, pr%/e<d%e care, dup cu/ )o/
)edea, cre$te d%" cau;a %/pactu#u% e:erc%tat de te"d%" a de acce#erare +"
do/e"%u# %"&or/a %e%?
INFORMA IA: IMA$INEA CINETIC
+"tr6o 0oc%etate +" care a#%/e"te#e 0e prepar %"0ta"ta"eu, educa %a 0e
&ace %"0ta"ta"eu $% p*" $% ora$e#e 0e co"0tru%e0c %"0ta"ta"eu, "%c% u" produ0
"u 0e &a9r%c at*t de repede $% "u 0e d%0tru7e cu at*ta &eroc%tate ca
ce#e9r%tatea %"0ta"ta"ee? Na %u"%#e care +"a%"tea; 0pre 0upra%"du0tr%a#%0/ +$%
%"te"0%&%c +" r%t/ rap%d produc %a ace0tor art%co#e =p0%8oeco"o/%ce>?
Ce#e9r%t %#e %"0ta"ta"ee e:p#odea; +" co"$t%%" a /%#%oa"e#or de oa/e"% ca
"%$te %/a7%"%9o/9 , ceea ce de &apt $% 0u"t?
@" decur0u# u"u% 0%"7ur a" de #a data c*"d o &et% #o"do"e; , porec#%t
=T1%77B> V, a o9 %"ut pr%/a e% 0#u<9 ca /ode#, /%#%oa"e de oa/e"% de pe tot
7#o9u# $%6au +"/a7a;%"at %/a7%"ea e% +" /%"te? O 9#o"d cu oc8% 0p # c% %, cu
p%eptu# p#at, cu p%c%oare#e ca "%$te 9e e, T1%77B a de)e"%t ce#e9r pe0te "oapte,
+" 19D7? C8%pu# e% atr 7 tor $% 0%#ueta e% de cop%# 0u9"utr%t a ap rut deodat pe
coperte#e re)%0te#or +" A"7#%a, A/er%ca, (ra" a, Ita#%a $% +" a#te r%?
Pe0te "oapte au +"ceput 0 0e re)er0e, d%" &a9r%c%#e de 9a7ate#e, 7e"e,
/a"ec8%"e, par&u/ur% $% roc8%% T1%77B? Cr%t%c%% au +"ceput 0 perore;e de0pre
0e/"%&%ca %a e% 0oc%a# ? '%ar%$t%% %6au acordat u" 0pa %u e7a# cu ce# re;er)at de
o9%ce% tratate#or de pace 0au a#e7er%#or papa#e?
W"ot T
V r /ur%c ? J *ota trad.
,-not .
@" pre;e"t +"0 , %/a7%"%#e #u% T1%77B pe care "% #e6a/ +"/a7a;%"at +"
/%"te 06au deter%orat +" cea /a% /are parte? Ea a d%0p rut aproape cu totu# de
pe 0ce"a pu9#%c ? Rea#%tatea a co"&%r/at propr%a e% aprec%ere p#%" de
per0p%cac%tate: =,6ar putea 0 "u dure; /a% /u#t de $a0e #u"%>? C c% %/a7%"%#e
au de)e"%t $% e#e tot /a% tra";%e"te, $% "u "u/a% %/a7%"%#e /ode#e#or, 0port%)%#or
0au art%$t%#or? Acu/ c*t)a t%/p, 0t*"d de )or9 cu o ado#e0ce"t e:tre/ de
%"te#%7e"t , a/ +"tre9at6o dac ea 0au co#e7e#e e% au )reu" erou pre&erat? =+#
co"0%der%, de e:e/p#u, pe Po8" !#e"" ca u" erouA> J a/ +"tre9at6o eu? K!#e""
&%%"d, +" ca;u# c*"d c%t%toru# ar &% u%tat, pr%/u# a0tro"aut a/er%ca" care a
e&ectuat u" ;9or or9%ta#?L R 0pu"0u# &ete% a %o0t 0e/"%&%cat%)? =Nu J /%6a 0pu0 J,
e prea 9 tr*">?
La +"ceput a/ cre;ut c )rea 0 0pu" c u" o/ trecut de patru;ec% de
a"% e prea 9 tr*" ca 0 &%e u" erou? Dar /%6a/ dat cur*"d 0ea/a c
+" e#e0e0e/ 7re$%t? Ceea ce )o%a ea 0 0pu" era c %0pr )%#e #u% !#e""
a)u0e0er #oc cu prea /u#t t%/p +" ur/ ca 0 /a% pre;%"te %"tere0? K'9oru#
%0tor%c a# #u% Po8" -? !#e"" a a)ut #oc +" &e9ruar%e 19DM?L +" pre;e"t, !#e"" 06a
+"dep rtat de pr%/6p#a"u# ate" %e% pu9#%ce, %ar %/a7%"ea #u% 06a de7radat?
T1%77B, Beat#e06%%, Po8" !#e"", B%##%e ,o# E0te0, Bo9 DB#a", Pac3 Ru9B,
Nor/a" a%#er, E%c8/a"", Pea"6Pau# ,artre, PacYue#%"e .e""edB J /%% de
=per0o"a#%t %> de&%#ea; pe 0ce"a %0tor%e% co"te/pora"e? Oa/e"% +" car"e $%
oa0e, 0uprad%/e"0%o"a % $% pro%ecta % de /a006/ed%a, e% 0u"t +"/a7a;%"a % ca
%/a7%"% +" /%" %#e a /%#%oa"e de oa/e"% care "u %6au +"t*#"%t "%c%odat , "6au
)or9%t cu e%, "u %6au ) ;ut "%c%odat =+" per0oa" >? E% cap t o rea#%tate aproape
tot at*t de %"te"0 K$% u"eor% c8%ar /a% %"te"0 L ca cea a /u#tor oa/e"% cu care
a)e/ re#a %% =per0o"a#e>?
I"tr / +" re#a %% cu ace0te =%/a7%"% de oa/e"%> tot a$a cu/ %"tr / +"
re#a %% cu pr%ete"%%, )ec%"%% $% co#e7%%? % #a &e# cu/ cre$te c%rcu#a %a per0oa"e#or
rea#e, +" car"e $% oa0e, +" )%a a "oa0tr , %ar durata /ed%e a re#a %%#or "oa0tre cu
e#e de0cre$te, tot a0t&e# 0e +"t*/p# $% cu #e7 tur%#e "oa0tre cu %/a7%"%#e de
oa/e"% care "e popu#ea; /%"tea?
R%t/u# &#u:u#u% #or e0te %"&#ue" at de r%t/u# rea# a# 0c8%/9 r%% +" #u/e? @"
po#%t%c , de e:e/p#u, co"0tat / c pr%/%% /%"%$tr% 9r%ta"%c% 06au 0c8%/9at d%"
19MM +"tr6u" r%t/ cu c%rca 13F /a% rap%d dec*t +" per%oada 17M1619MM? @" 0port,
ca/p%o"%% /o"d%a#% de 9o: #a cate7or%a 7rea 0e 0c8%/9 de dou or% /a% repede
dec*t +" t%"ere ea ta %#or "o$tr% V? E)e"%/e"te#e 0ucced*"du60e /a% rap%d,
/ereu a#te per0o"a#%t % 0u"t +/p%"0e +" cercu# &er/ecat a# ce#e9r%t %%, %ar
)ec8%#e %/a7%"% decad, & c*"d #oc a#tora "o%?
Ace#a$% #ucru 0e ap#%c $% per0o"a<e#or p# 0/u%te ce 0e re)ar0 d%" pa7%"%#e
c r %#or, de pe ecra"e#e te#e)%;oare#or, de pe 0ce"e#e teatre#or, d%" &%#/e $%
re)%0te? N%c% o 7e"era %e de p*" acu/ "u a 0u&er%t u" a0e/e"ea
9o/9arda/e"t cu per0o"a<e p# 0/u%te ca cea actua# ?
Ace0te %/a7%"% de oa/e"% rea#% 0au 7e"era % de &%c %u"e au u" ro#
%/porta"t +" )%a a "oa0tr , pre;e"t*"d /ode#e de co/porta/e"t, %"terpret*"d
ro#ur% $% 0%tua %% d%" care tra7e/ co"c#u;%% pe"tru propr%a "oa0tr )%a ? (%e c "e
d / 0ea/a 0au "u, d%" act%)%t %#e #or re;u#t $% pe"tru "o% u"e#e +") /%"te?
@") / d%" )%ctor%%#e $% d%" tr%9u#a %%#e #or? Dator%t #or a)e/ po0%9%#%tatea de a
=+"cerca> d%)er0e ro#ur% 0au 0t%#ur% de )%a & r a 0u&er% co"0ec%" e#e pe care #e6
ar putea a)ea a0e/e"ea e:per%e" e +" )%a a rea# ?
(#u:u# acce#erat a# %/a7%"%#or de oa/e"% co"tr%9u%e #a %"0ta9%#%tatea
/ode#e#or de per0o"a#%tate pe"tru /u# % oa/e"% rea#% care +"t*/p%" d%&%cu#t %
+" pr%)%" a a#e7er%% u"u% 0t%# de )%a potr%)%t?
W"ot T
V @"tre 155M $% 193M au e:%0tat ;ece "o% ca/p%o"% de 9o: #a cate7or%a
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cartea?
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per/a"e"te, a/ putut o90er)a cu/ )ec8ea #e7 tur de carte d%" p%e#e,
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care #e cupr%"de, a de)e"%t /a% tra";%e"t ?
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cu"o$t%" e?
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redu0 )a#oarea pe care o a)ea o carte dator%t rar%t %% 0a#e toc/a% +" /o/e"tu#
c*"d per%/area tot /a% rap%d a cu"o$t%" e#or +% reduce $% )a#oarea ce %6o
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"u/ r u"%c?
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c8%ar pe"tru o carte de /are 0ucce0 J 0e reduce tot /a% /u#t? De e:e/p#u,
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0e##er6u#u% 06a redu0 cu aproape o $e0%/e?
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te/porare?
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de)%" u" produ0 de &o#o0%t $% aru"cat?
Ms)7u% %)'or)t t0nic
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c %"d%)%du# e0te tot /a% /u#t e:pu0 u"or 0t%/u#% purt tor% de %/a7%"%?
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Ace0te 0e/"a#e ce "e par)%" 0u"t de d%&er%te t%pur%?
U"e#e ar putea &% "u/%te necodificate. A0t&e#, de e:e/p#u, u" o/ u/9#
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cod%&%cate?
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&o0t redactate cu /u#t 7r%< ?
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e#a9orate de /a006/ed%a, /od%&%c , pr%" ur/are, +" /od rad%ca# "atura
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Mo1)rt sincop)t
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tota#u# cu /u#t /a% /are #a care e0te e:pu0?
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a#tor pro9#e/e?
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0a#e? % pre0%u"ea cre$te /ereu? ,tr du%"du60e 0 tra"0/%t /e0a<e
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V A0ta "u +"0ea/" c "u/a% cu)%"te#e $% %#u0tra %%#e tra"0/%t 0au e)oc
%/a7%"%? % /u;%ca pu"e +" /%$care /eca"%0/u# %"ter" de %/a7%"%, de$%
%/a7%"%#e produ0e pot &% a90o#ut "o")er9a#e?
WU"ot T
Co"0tat / a0t&e# c 0%/9o#%0/u# e &o#o0%t +" / 0ur tot /a% /are pe"tru
co"ce"trarea %"&or/a %e%? @" pre;e"t, oa/e"%% care 0e ocup de pu9#%c%tate,
c ut*"d cu tot d%"ad%"0u# 0 )*re c*t /a% /u#te /e0a<e +" /%"tea %"d%)%du#u%, +"
cadru# u"u% t%/p #%/%tat, 0e &o#o0e0c d%" ce +" ce /a% /u#t de te8"%ca
0%/9o#%0t%c a arte%? , #u / de e:e/p#u =t%7ru#> care e0te pu0 +" re;er)or? U"
0%"7ur cu)*"t tra"0/%te +" ace0t ca; pu9#%cu#u% o %/a7%"e )%;ua# d%0t%"ct , care
+"c d%" cop%# r%e a &o0t a0oc%at cu puterea, )%te;a $% &or a?
Re)%0te#e ce 0e ocup cu pro9#e/e de pu9#%c%tate, ca, de e:e/p#u,
=Pr%"terC0 I"3>, 0u"t p#%"e de art%co#e te8"%ce 0o&%0t%cate pr%)%"d &o#o0%rea
0%/9o#%0/u#u% )%;ua# $% )er9a# +" )ederea acce#er r%% &#u:u#u% de %/a7%"%?
Actua#/e"te, /u# % art%$t% ar putea +") a de #a oa/e"%% care 0e ocup de
pu9#%c%tate "o% te8"%c% de acce#erare a %/a7%"%#or?
Dac ce% care 0e ocup de pu9#%c%tate $% care tre9u%e 0 p# tea0c pe"tru
&%ecare &r*"tur de 0ecu"d #a rad%o 0au te#e)%;%u"e 0e #upt , +" re)%0te $% ;%are,
0 capte;e ate" %a )o#at%# a c%t%toru#u% $% 0 6% co/u"%ce /a:%/u/ de %/a7%"% +"
/%"%/u/ de t%/p, & r +"do%a# c $% o parte d%" pu9#%c ar dor% 0 / rea0c
)%te;a cu care poate recepta /e0a<e $% pre#ucra %/a7%"%? A$a 0e e:p#%c
0ucce0u# &e"o/e"a# pe care6# +"re7%0trea; cur0ur%#e de c%t%re rap%d +" r*"du#
0tude" %#or, a# d%rector%#or de +"trepr%"der%, a# oa/e"%#or po#%t%c% $% a# a#tora? U"a
d%"tre $co#%#e re"u/%te de c%t%re rap%d a&%r/ c poate / r% de tre% or% )%te;a de
a90or9 %e a or%c re% per0oa"e, %ar u"%% c%t%tor% dec#ar c 0u"t +" / 0ur 0
c%tea0c #%tera#/e"te ;ec% de /%% de cu)%"te pe /%"ut, ceea ce "u/ero$% e:per %
co"te0t pur $% 0%/p#u? I"d%&ere"t dac a0e/e"ea )%te;e 0u"t +"tr6ade) r
po0%9%#e 0au "u, &apt e0te c r%t/u# co/u"%ca %e% 0e acce#erea; ? Oa/e"%% &oarte
ocupa % dau +" &%ecare ;% o 9 t #%e ca 0 poat a90or9% c*t /a% /u#te %"&or/a %%?
C%t%rea rap%d +% a<ut , de0%7ur, +" acea0t pr%)%" ?
I/pu#0u# c tre acce#erare +" co/u"%ca %% "u 0e #%/%tea; +"0 "%c%decu/ #a
pu9#%c%tate 0au #a cu)*"tu# t%p r%t? Dor%" a de a /a:%/%;a co" %"utu# /e0a<u#u%
+" /%"%/u/ de t%/p 0t #a 9a;a e:per%e" e#or %"% %ate de p0%8o#o7%% de #a
%"0t%tute#e a/er%ca"e de cercetare, care au tra"0/%0 pre#e7er% +"re7%0trate pe
9a"d #a o )%te; /a% /are dec*t cea "or/a# $% au te0tat apo% 7radu# de
+" e#e7ere #a aud%tor%u? ,copu# #or era de a 0ta9%#% dac 0tude" %% ar putea +") a
/a% /u#t +" ca;u# c*"d co"&ere" %ar%% ar )or9% /a% repede?
Aceea$% %"te" %e de acce#erare a &#u:u#u% de %"&or/a %% re;u#t $% d%"
rece"ta o90e0%e cu &%#/e pe ecra"e &ra7/e"tate $% pe ecra"e /u#t%p#e? La
E:po;% %a /o"d%a# d%" o"trea#, 0pectator%% erau co"&ru"ta %, pa)%#%o" dup
pa)%#%o", "u cu ecra"u# trad% %o"a# de &%#/, pe care apar +" ord%"e %/a7%"%
)%;ua#e co"0ecut%)e, c% cu c*te dou , tre% 0au c%"c% ecra"e, care6% 9o/9ardau +"
ace#a$% t%/p cu /e0a<e#e #or? Pe ace0te ecra"e 0e de0& $oar +" ace#a$% t%/p
ac %u"% d%&er%te, care pret%"d 0pectatoru#u% capac%tatea de a accepta /u#t /a%
/u#te /e0a<e 0%/u#ta"e dec*t 0pectatoru# de &%#/e d%" trecut 0au, +" ca;
co"trar, de a ce";ura 0au a 9#oca a"u/%te /e0a<e pe"tru a putea /e" %"e
r%t/u# a90or9 %e% de /e0a<e 0au a# 0t%/u# r%% )%;ua#e #a u" "%)e# re;o"a9%#?
Autoru# u"u% art%co# d%" =L%&e>, %"t%tu#at O revolu ie a filmului menit s
zdruncine mintea omului, de0cr%e cu acurate e acea0t e:per%e" : =A pr%)%
$a0e %/a7%"% +" ace#a$% t%/p $% a ur/ r% +" dou ;ec% de /%"ute ec8%)a#e"tu# u"u%
&%#/ de #u"7 /etra< +"0ea/" pe"tru cre%er o e:c%ta %e %"cred%9%# $% u" &actor
de 0atura %e>? @" a#t parte arat c u" &%#/ pe ecra"e /u#t%p#e, =co"de"0*"d
/a% /u#te #ucrur% +"tr6u" %"ter)a# de t%/p dat, co/pr%/ t%/pu#>?
% +" /u;%c 0e o90er) tot /a% /u#t %/pu#0u# acce#erator? La u" co"7re0
a# co/po;%tor%#or $% 0pec%a#%$t%#or de co/putere care a a)ut #oc "u de/u#t #a
,a"(ra"c%0co, 06a a&%r/at c de /a% /u#te 0eco#e +"coace 0e co"0tat +" /u;%c
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%"ter)a# de t%/p> $% 0e pare, de a0e/e"ea, c /u;%c%e"%% de a0t ;% c*"t /u;%ca
#u% o;art, Bac8 $% -aBd" +"tr6u" te/po /a% rap%d dec*t ce# #a care acea0t
/u;%c era e:ecutat pe )re/ea c*"d a &o0t co/pu0 ?
A0t&e#, o;art "e par)%"e 0%"copat?
"&i)n)%*)'tu% "0);sp)r
Para#e# cu 0c8%/9 r%#e care a&ectea; %/a7%"%#e "oa0tre de0pre rea#%tate $%
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care #e &o#o0%/ 0e /od%&%c ? C c% $% #%/9a<u# e 0upu0 co")u#0%%#or? Dup cu/
arat #e:%co7ra&u# ,tuart Ber7 (#e:"er, redactor6$e& a# ;ic ionarului limbii
engleze, 2andom 5ouse, =cu)%"te#e pe care #e &o#o0%/ 0e /od%&%c tot /a%
repede pe ;% ce trece, $% "u "u/a% #a "%)e# de <ar7o", c% #a toate "%)e#e#e? V%te;a
cu care cu)%"te#e )%" $% 0e duc a c p tat o /are acce#era %e? % a0ta 0e ap#%c
"u "u/a% #a e"7#e; , c% $% #a &ra"ce; , ru0 $% <apo"e; >?
(#e:"er a %#u0trat acea0t a&%r/a %e cu u"e#e date u%/%toareE a0t&e#, d%"
ce#e IN4?444 de cu)%"te =ut%#%;a9%#e> +" #%/9a e"7#e; de a0t ;%, co"&or/
e)a#u r%#or e:%0te"te, doar c%rca MN4?444 ar &% %"te#%7%9%#e pe"tru H%##%a/
,8a3e0peare? Dac ,8a3e0peare 06ar +"truc8%pa, #a Lo"dra 0au #a Ne1 2or3, +"
;%#e#e "oa0tre, e# "6ar &% +" / 0ur 0 +" e#ea7 , +" /ed%e, dec*t c%"c% d%" &%ecare
"ou cu)%"te d%" )oca9u#ar? Bardu# ar &% u" 0e/%a"a#&a9et?
Acea0ta +"0ea/" c , dac #%/9a a a)ut ace#a$% "u/ r de cu)%"te pe
)re/ea #u% ,8a3e0peare ca acu/, ce# pu %" M44?444 de cu)%"te J poate c8%ar de
c*te)a or% acea0t c%&r J au d%0p rut $% au &o0t +"#ocu%te +" decur0u# ce#or patru
0eco#e 0cur0e de atu"c%?
(#e:"er pre0upu"e, dea#t&e#, c ce# pu %" o tre%/e d%" acea0t /%$care de
cu)%"te a a)ut #oc "u/a% +" u#t%/%% c%"c%;ec% de a"%? Dac ace0te %pote;e
core0pu"d cu rea#%tatea, ar re;u#ta c +" pre;e"t cu)%"te#e 0u"t e#%/%"ate d%"
#%/9 $% +"#ocu%te +"tr6u" r%t/ ce# pu %" de tre% or% /a% rap%d dec*t +" per%oada de
re&er%" 1NDI J 191I?
Acea0t /%$care rap%d re&#ect 0c8%/9 r%#e ce 0e produc +" #ucrur%#e,
proce0e#e $% ca#%t %#e /ed%u#u% +"co"<ur tor? U"e#e cu)%"te "o% pro)%" d%rect d%"
do/e"%u# te8"o#o7%e% $% a# produ0e#or de co"0u/?
La "%)e#u# <ar7o"u#u%, r%t/u# /%$c r%% a &o0t at*t de rap%d +"c*t %6a 0%#%t pe
autor%% de d%c %o"are 0 6$% 0c8%/9e cr%ter%%#e de 0e#ec %e a cu)%"te#or? =@" 19NI J
0pu"e (#e:"er J, c*"d a/ +"ceput 0 #ucre; #a ;ic ionarul 3argonului american,
"u %"c#udea/ u" cu)*"t "ou dec*t +" ca;u# c*"d +# 7 0ea/ co"0e/"at +" tre%
0ur0e d%&er%te +"tr6o per%oad de c%"c% a"%? @" pre;e"t, u" a0e/e"ea cr%ter%u ar &%
%/po0%9%#? L%/9a, #a &e# ca $% arta, ur/ea; &#uctua %%#e /ode%>?
U"u# d%" e#e/e"te#e care co"tr%9u%e #a rap%da %"troducere $% per%/are a
cu)%"te#or co"0t +" )%te;a de "ecre;ut cu care u" cu)*"t "ou poate &% %/pu0 +"
#%/9a<u# cure"t? Pe #a 0&*r$%tu# dece"%u#u% a# D6#ea $% +"ceputu# dece"%u#u% a# 76
#ea, 0e putea 0ta9%#% cu prec%;%e ca#ea pe care a"u/% % ter/e"% de <ar7o" 0pec%a#,
ca, de e:e/p#u, =ru9r%c > 0au =0u90u/ate>, &u0e0er pre#ua % d%" re)%0te#e
u"%)er0%tare $% &o#o0% % +" u"e#e per%od%ce cu u" t%ra< /%c, ca, de e:e/p#u, =Ne1
2or3 Re)%e1 o& Boo30> 0au =Co//e"tarB>, apo% adoptate de =E0Yu%re>, cu
t%ra<u# pe care6# a)ea atu"c% de 544?444 p*" #a 1444?444 de e:e/p#are, pe"tru
a &% d%&u;at /a% departe +" cercur% #ar7% de =T%/e>, =Ne101ee3> $% /ar%#e re)%0te
de /a0 ? @" pre;e"t 0e trece pe0te ace0te etape? Redactor%% re)%0te#or de /a0
"u 0e /a% /u# u/e0c 0 pre%a )oca9u#aru# pu9#%ca %%#or %"te#ectua#e
%"ter/ed%areE +" 7oa"a #or de a6$% a0%7ura =#ocu# d%" )*r&>, e% r%d%c acu/
produ0e#e d%rect d%" pre0a $t%%" %&%c ?
@"tr6o 9u" ;%, +" toa/"a a"u#u% 19DI, ,u0a" ,o"ta7 a de;7ropat cu)*"tu#
=ca/p> V $% #6a &o#o0%t ca te/ a u"u% e0eu pu9#%cat +" =Part%0a" Re)%e1>?
=T%/e> a a$teptat doar c*te)a 0 pt /*"% $% a ded%cat u" art%co# ter/e"u#u% $%
ce#e% care %6a dat o "ou t%"ere e?
Dup a#te c*te)a 0 pt /*"%, ter/e"u# pro#%&era0e +" ;%are $% +" a#te /a006
/ed%a? @" pre;e"t cu)*"tu# a %e$%t pract%c d%" &o#o0%" ? =Tee"B9op> VV e a#t
cu)*"t care a tra)er0at )oca9u#aru# cu o )%te; a/e %toare?
W"ot T
V @" ace0t ca;, 7rup de adep % a% u"e% doctr%"e? J *ota trad.
VV U" 7e" de <a;; pe"tru t%"er%? J *ota trad.
,-not .
U" e:e/p#u $% /a% 0e/"%&%cat%) de /od%&%care a #%/9%% +# +"& %$ea;
dep#a0area 9ru0c a +" e#e0u#u% atr%9u%t ter/e"u#u% et"%c =9#ac3>? A"% de6a
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A#9%% #%9era#% +$% +") au cop%%% +" /od co"$t%%"c%o0 0 &o#o0ea0c ter/e"u#
=Ne7ro>, 0cr%0 cu N /a<u0cu# V? ,curt t%/p dup ce ,to3e#B Car/%c8ae# a
proc#a/at doctr%"a B#ac3 Po1er KPuterea "ea7r L #a !ree"1ood, %00%00%pp%, +"
%u"%e 19DD =9#ac3> a de)e"%t u" ter/e" cu care 0e /*"dreau at*t "e7r%% c*t $%
a#9%% d%" /%$carea pe"tru dreptate ra0%a# ?
Lua % pe "ea$teptate, a#9%% #%9era#% au trecut pr%"tr6o per%oad de
%"cert%tud%"e, deoarece "u /a% $t%au dac 0 &o#o0ea0c =Ne7ro> 0au =9#ac3>?
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decur0 de c*te)a #u"%, =9#ac3> %"tra0e $% =Ne7ro> %e$%0e d%" u;?
,u"t cu"o0cute ca;ur% $% /a% rap%de de d%&u;are a u"or ter/e"%? =C*"d
Beat#e06%% J 0pu"ea #e:%co7ra&u# (#e:"er J 0e a&#au #a apo7eu# 7#or%e% #or, e%
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& cea parte d%" #%/9 ? La u" /o/e"t dat "u e:%0tau pro9a9%# /a% /u#t de
c%"c%;ec% de oa/e"% #a NA,A care 0 &o#o0ea0c e:pre0%a QA6O.T? Dar atu"c%
c*"d u" a0tro"aut #6a &o#o0%t +" t%/pu# u"u% ;9or te#e)%;at cu)*"tu# 06a %"te7rat
+" #%/9 pe0te "oapte? Ace#a$% #ucru 06a +"t*/p#at $% cu a# % ter/e"% 0pa %a#%, ca
Q0put"%3S 0au Qtoate 0%0te/e#e /er7S>?
Pe / 0ur ce "o% cu)%"te 0u"t %"trodu0e, cu)%"te#e )ec8% d%0par?
(oto7ra&%a u"e% &ete "u /a% e0te o =p%"6up> Kde a7 at pe pereteL 0au o
=c8ee0eca3e 08ot> Kc8ee0eca3e J o pr <%tur , 08ot J &oto7ra&%eL, c% o =p#aB/ate>
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7o> a p tru"0 +" #%/9 ca u" 9o#%d, dar 06a du0, #ao#a#t cu ce#e#a#te de ace#a$%
&e#?
W"ot T
V @" e"7#e;e$te, blac< are +" e#e0u# de "e7ru +" 7e"era#E *egro 0e
&o#o0e$te pe"tru de0e/"area u"e% per0oa"e de ra0 /a% /u#t 0au /a% pu %"
"ea7r ? J *ota trad.
,-not .
Tra"0&or/area #%/9%% %/p#%c , de a0e/e"ea, &or/e "o")er9a#e de
co/u"%care? E:%0t 7e0tur% de <ar7o", tot a$a cu/ e:%0t cu)%"te de <ar7o" J
de7etu# /are +" 0u0 0au +" <o0, de7etu# /are #a "a0: 7e0tu# cop%%#or care
+"0ea/" =0 6 % &%e ru$%"e>, /*"a care trece pe #*"7 7*t & c*"d 7e0tu# de a
t %a 9ere7ata? ,pec%a#%$t%% care ur/ re0c e)o#u %a #%/9a<u#u% 7e0tur%#or 0ocote0c
c $% ace0ta ar putea 0 0u&ere 0c8%/9 r% /a% rap%de?
U"e#e 7e0tur%, co"0%derate c)a0%o90ce"e, au de)e"%t oarecu/ /a% pu %"
$oca"te, dat &%%"d /od%&%carea )a#or%#or 0e:ua#e +" 0oc%etate? A#te#e, adoptate
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d%&u;are, o90er) (#e:"er, e0te &o#o0%rea /a% &rec)e"t +" pre;e"t a 7e0tu#u% de
d%0pre $% 0&%dare J pu/"u# r%d%cat $% a7%tat +" aer?
I")a;%a de &%#/e %ta#%e"e$t%, care 06a a9 tut a0upra ,tate#or U"%te +"
dece"%%#e a# D6#ea $% a# 76#ea, a co"tr%9u%t pro9a9%# #a adoptarea ace0tu% 7e0t? De
a0e/e"ea, de7etu# r%d%cat J 7e0tu# de =$t%% #a ce / 7*"de0c> J 0e pare c 0e
9ucur de /a% /u#t re0pect $% a c p tat o /a% #ar7 r 0p*"d%re dec*t a a)ut
+"a%"te? Totodat a#te 7e0tur% pract%c au d%0p rut 0au au &o0t +";e0trate cu o
0e/"%&%ca %e co/p#et 0c8%/9at ?
Cercu# &or/at d%" de7etu# /are $% ar t tor pe"tru a ar ta c totu# e +"
ord%"e e0te, pare60e, pe ca#e de d%0par% %eE 0e/"u# #u% C8urc8%## =V pe"tru
V%ctor%e> e0te &o#o0%t acu/ de prote0tatar% pe"tru a 0u9#%"%a "oua 0a
0e/"%&%ca %e: =pace>, "u =)%ctor%e>?
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0c8%/9 r%, de6a #u"7u# +"tre7%% 0a#e )%e %? =Re#a %a> 0a cu &%ecare cu)*"t 0au 7e0t
+") at era dura9%# ? Acu/ e e:traord%"ar c*t de pu %" dura9%# a de)e"%t?
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/a"%&e0tarea e&e/er%; r%% e0te $% /a% pro"u" at ? Dac )o/ co"0%dera &%ecare
cure"t +" art ca pe u" #%/9a< 9a;at pe cu)%"te, )o/ o90er)a c 0e produc "u
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cure"t, 0 6% p tru"d #%/9a<u#, c ace0ta a $% d%0p rut?
( c*"d %rup %e pe 0ce" +" u#t%/u# p trar a# 0eco#u#u% a# O#O6#ea,
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e")%ro"/e"ta#% de a0t ;% &ac oper de cercetare $% de;)o#tare pe"tru
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pa#%d?
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tot /a% /are? De &apt, a/ $% +"ceput 0 "e +"drept / c tre crearea +" rea#%tate
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pro%ecta" %#or de e:per%e" e, 0e#ec %o"a % d%" r*"du# oa/e"%#or cu capac%tate
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eco"o/%e% 0upra%"du0tr%a#e, a#e eco"o/%e% )%%toru#u% ce )a ur/a eco"o/%e%
0er)%c%%#or?
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capa9%#% produc tor% de /*%"e?
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) du) t%/p de c*te)a #u"% dup p%erderea 0o u#u% 0au 0o %e%, 0 #e pu" #a
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"ou parte"er de )%a ?
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pro&%t, pe"tru pro%ectarea, a/9a#area $% d%0tr%9u%rea e:per%e" e#or p#a"%&%cate
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de co/u"%ca %e $% de co/putere )or 7 0% +" produc %a e:per%e" %a# u"a d%"
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cu)%"te, ace#e %"du0tr%% care, +"tr6u" &e# 0au a#tu#, 0e a0oc%a; cu te8"o#o7%a
co/porta/e"ta# , ace#e %"du0tr%% care dep $e0c produc %a 9u"ur%#or pa#pa9%#e $%
a 0er)%c%%#or trad% %o"a#e 0e )or de;)o#ta ce# /a% rap%d?
@" u#t%/ %"0ta" , & c tor%% de e:per%e" e )or &or/a u" 0ector de 9a; J
dac "u c8%ar 0ectoru# de 9a; J a# eco"o/%e%? Proce0u# p0%8o#o7%; r%% )a &%
+"c8e%at?
Eco"o/%a 0 " t %% /%"ta#e E0e" a eco"o/%e% de /*%"e, dec#ar I"0t%tutu#
de cercet r% ,ta"&ord +"tr6u" raport +"toc/%t de 0er)%c%u# 0 u de p#a"%&%care pe
ter/e" #u"7, )a co"0ta +" =%/porta" a acordat at*t cer%" e#or %"ter%oare c*t $%
ce#or /ater%a#e a#e %"d%)%;%#or $% 7rupur%#or>? Acea0t "ou %/porta" , a&%r/
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0 0e procede;e #a o a<u0tare &u"da/e"ta# pe"tru a 0e /e" %"e eco"o/%a
0 " toa0 >?
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partea ce#or ce )or ca eco"o/%a 0 0e de;)o#te +" co"t%"uare J )a +/p%"7e
te8"o0oc%et %#e c tre produc %a e:per%e" %a# a )%%toru#u%?
@"a%"tarea +" acea0t d%rec %e poate &% +"cet%"%t ?
u# %/%#e +"ro9%te de 0 r c%e d%" #u/e "u )or 0ta pro9a9%# cu 9ra e#e
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a"t%0 r c%e $% de a<utorare a r%#or 0tr %"e?
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& cut &a u"e% 0er%% de pro9#e/e p0%8oeco"o/%ce de o co/p#e:%tate
a/e %toare? Ace0te pro9#e/e )or pu"e +" d%0cu %e co"cep %%#e "oa0tre
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ra %u"%% $% a 0 " t %% /%"ta#e ca atare?
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pre;e"t, $% "%/e"%, "%c %er%, "u are "%c% cea /a% /%c %dee ce %/pact are acea0t
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+"t*r;%eA
% ce 0e +"t*/p# c*"d o eco"o/%e +" c utare de "o% o9%ect%)e por"e$te +"
/od 0er%o0 0 produc e:per%e" e de dra7u# #or, e:per%e" e care )oa#ea;
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de&%"% %%#e 0 " t %% /%"ta#e e0tetoc/a% capac%tatea de a d%0t%"7e +"tre rea# $%
"erea#?
Va &% "e)o%e oare 0 7 0%/ o "ou de&%"% %eA
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a0upra &a9r%ca %e%, %ar produc %a e:per%e" %a# a0upra 0er)%c%%#or? De;)o#tarea
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ca#ea pe"tru 7rat%&%c r% "o%, /a% 0o&%0t%cate? @"a%"t / de #a o eco"o/%e a
0to/acu#u% #a o eco"o/%e =p0%8%c >, deoarece 0to/acu# "u are /a% /u#t
capac%tate de a90or9 %e?
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e:per%e" e#e )or &% 0%"7ure#e produ0e care, odat cu/p rate de co"0u/ator,
"u6% )or /a% putea &% #uate $% "u )or putea &% aru"cate ca 0t%c#e#e de 0%&o"
"eretur"a9%#e 0au ca #a/e#e de ra0 toc%te?
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+"0e$% 0 de)%" &oarte per%0a9%#e?
A0t&e# )o/ co"0tata c e /a% u$or 0 or"a/e"t / 0er)%c%%#e "oa0tre cu
0e/"%&%ca %% 0%/9o#%ce dec*t produ0e#e "oa0tre? Iar +" ce#e d%" ur/ )o/ trece
d%"co#o de eco"o/%a 0er)%c%%#or, d%"co#o de %/a7%"a %a eco"o/%$t%#or de a0t ;%E
)o/ de)e"% pr%/a c%)%#%;a %e d%" %0tor%e care )a &o#o0% o te8"o#o7%e +"a%"tat
pe"tru a &a9r%ca ce# /a% tra";%e"t $% totu$% ce# /a% dura9%# produ0: e:per%e" a
u/a" ?
P)rt) ) p)tr)
DIVER"ITATE
ORI$INILE E<CE"ULUI DE OP IUNI
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/a0 0ta"dard%;at $% o9#%7ate 0 adopte 0t%#ur% de )%a 0ta"dard%;ate?
A0e/e"ea pre;%cer% au & cut 0 r 0ar , dup cu/ era de a$teptat, o
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po0%9%#e?
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de)e"% d%" pu"ct de )edere 0oc%a# /u#t /a% )ar%at dec*t or%c*"d +" trecut?
Noua 0oc%etate, 0oc%etatea 0upra%"du0tr%a# , care +"cepe acu/ 0 0e co"ture;e,
)a +"cura<a u" /ode# /o;a%cat de 0t%#ur% de )%a e&e/ere?
O DIVER"ITATE DE "TILURI DE VIA
La ,a" (ra"c%0co, cadre#e de co"ducere %au pr*";u# +" re0taura"te +" care
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t%/p ce +" trecut u" o/ care tr %a +"tr6o 0oc%etate putea 0 0pere c 0%0te/u#de
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co/u"%t % prete8"%ce?
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0t%# )%ctor%a", cu p%c%oare#e +" &or/ de 78eare, toate ace#e 0%/9o#ur% a#e
#e7 tur%% "oa0tre cu )ec8%u# 0u9cu#t? @"cepe/, pu %" c*te pu %", 0 #e +"#ocu%/
pr%" "o% 0%/9o#ur% a#e "o%% "oa0tre %de"t%&%c r%? Ace#a$% proce0 0e produce +" )%a a
"oa0tr 0oc%a# : de&%#area oa/e"%#or pe care6% +"t*#"%/ 0e acce#erea; ? Ide%#e pe
care #e adopta0e/ +"cepe/ 0 #e re0p%"7e/ K0au 0 #e e:p#%c / 0au 0 #e
+" e#e7e/ +"tr6u" /od d%&er%tL? ,u"te/ d%"tr6o dat e#%9era % de toate re0tr%c %%#e
pe care "% #e6a %/pu0 0u9cu#tu# 0au 0t%#u# "o0tru? U" %"d%ce de tra";%e" 06ar
do)ed% u" %"d%cator 0e"0%9%# a# ace#or /o/e"te d%" )%a c*"d 0u"te/ ce# /a%
#%9er%, dar totodat $% ce# /a% de0cu/p "% %?
@" ace0te %"ter)a#e /a"%&e0t / "o% ace#e o0c%#a %% puter"%ce pe care
%"7%"er%% #e "u/e0c =c utarea co/porta/e"tu#u%>? Acu/ 0u"te/ c*t 0e poate
de )u#"era9%#% #a /e0a<e#e "o%#or 0u9cu#te, #a ade) rur%#e $% co"traade) rur%#e #a
/od ? Ne ap#ec / +"tr6o parte 0au +" a#ta? U" pr%ete" "ou $% %"&#ue"t, o %dee 0au
u" capr%c%u "ou, o "ou /%$care po#%t%c , )reu" "ouerou r%d%cat de /a006/ed%a,
toate ace0tea "e %;9e0c cu o &or deo0e9%t +"tr6u" a0e/e"ea /o/e"t?
,u"te/ /a% =de0c8%$%>, /a% "e0%7ur%, /a% d%0pu$% ca o per0oa" 0au u" 7rup 0
"e 0pu" ce 0 &ace/, cu/ 0 "e co/port /?
Dec%;%%#e J c8%ar $% ce#e /a% 9a"a#e J de)%" /a% d%&%c%#e? % "u +"t*/p# tor?
Pe"tru a &ace &a e:%7e" e#or )%e %% ;%#"%ce, a)e/ "e)o%e de /a% /u#te
%"&or/a %% de0pre c8e0t%u"% cu /u#t /a% "u/eroa0e, c8%ar $% de0pre ce#e /a%
&r%)o#e, dec*t atu"c% c*"d era/ ; )or% % +"tr6u" 0t%# de )%a 9%"e prec%;at? %, ca
0 "u "e /a% 0%/ %/ "e#%"%$t% %, ap 0a %, 0%"7ur%, "e co"t%"u / dru/u#? ,au
a#e7e/ u" 0u9cu#t "ou, 0au "e # 0 / a90or9% % de e#? Adopt / u" 0t%# "ou?
De aceea, +" t%/p ce 7o"%/ 0pre 0upra%"du0tr%a#%0/, co"0tat / c
oa/e"%% adopt $% re0p%"7 0t%#ur%#e de )%a +"tr6u" r%t/ care %6ar &% u#u%t pe
/e/9r%% or%c re% 7e"era %% a"ter%oare? C c% 0t%#u# de )%a a de)e"%t u" art%co#
=de &o#o0%t $% aru"cat>?
Acea0t pro9#e/ "u e0te "%c% /%"or $% "%c% u$or de re;o#)at? Ea
co"tr%9u%e /u#t #a dep#*"0a =p%erdere a 0e"t%/e"tu#u% de a"7a<are>, care e0te
at*t de caracter%0t%c epoc%% "oa0tre? Pe / 0ur ce oa/e"%% trec de #a u"
0u9cu#t #a a#tu#, de #a u" 0t%# #a a#tu#, e% 0u"t o9#%7a % 0 0e apere de durerea
%"e)%ta9%# pe care o pro)oac p%erderea a&%#%er%%? E% +")a 0 0e 9#%"de;e
+/potr%)a du#ce% tr%0te % a de0p r %r%%? Cato#%cu# e:tre/ de p%o0 care +$% re"ea7
re#%7%a $% 0e a)*"t cu trup $% 0u&#et +" )%a a de act%)%0t a# No%% ,t*"7%, %ar apo% 0e
aru"c +" 9ra e#e u"e% a#te cau;e 0au /%$c r% "u poate co"t%"ua 0 &ac acea0ta
#a %"&%"%t? E# de)%"e, ca 0 adopt / ter/e"u# #u% !ra8a/ !ree"e, =u" ca; de
/ut%#are>? E# +")a d%" de;%#u;%%#e trecute 0 "u 0e a"7a<e;e cu toat &%%" a?
A0t&e# +"c*t c8%ar atu"c% c*"d apare"t adopt u" 0u9ou#t 0au u" 0t%#
p 0trea; ce)a d%" e# +"0u$% $% pe"tru 0%"e? ,e co"&or/ea; cer%" e#or 7rupu#u%
$% 0e de#ectea; cu 0e";a %a de aparte"e" pe care %6o d ace0ta? Dar acea0t
0e";a %e "u e0te "%c%odat aceea$% de /a% +"a%"te $%, +" 0ecret, e# e0te 7ata 0
de;erte;e #a /o/e"tu# oportu"? Ceea ce +"0ea/" c c8%ar atu"c% c*"d pare
ce# /a% pro&u"d ata$at de7rupu# 0au de tr%9u# 0 u e# a0cu#t , +" +"tu"er%cu#
"op %%, 0e/"a#e#e e/%0e de tr%9ur%#e co"cure"te?
@" 0e"0u# ace0ta, aparte"e" a 0a #a 7rup e0te 0uper&%c%a# ? E# r /*"e +"
per/a"e" pe o po;% %e de "o"a"7a<are $% "u 0e ata$ea; "%c%odat &er/ de
)a#or%#e $% 0t%#ur%#e u"u% 7rup datE +" co"0ec%" e0te #%p0%t de ace#e cr%ter%% c#are
de care are "e)o%e pe"tru a6$% cro% dru/ pr%" <u"7#a +"&#or%toare a
0upraa9u"de" e% op %u"%#or po0%9%#e?
A0t&e#, re)o#u %a 0upra%"du0tr%a# dep#a0ea; +"trea7a pro9#e/ a
0upraa9u"de" e% op %u"%#or #a u" "ou "%)e# ca#%tat%)? Ea "e o9#%7 acu/ 0
a#e7e/ "u "u/a% o #a/p 0au u" a9a<ur, c% $% )%a a "oa0tr , "u "u/a% d%"tre
componente d%&er%te a#e 0t%#u#u% de )%a , c% d%"tre stiluri de )%a d%&er%te?
Acea0t a7ra)are a pro9#e/e% 0upraa9u"de" e% op %u"%#or "e +/p%"7e
0pre u" a9u; de e:a/e"e de co"$t%%" , de cercet r% a#e 0u&#etu#u% $%
%"tro0pec %%?
Ne o9#%7 0 +"&ru"t / cea /a% ra0p*"d%t d%"tre 9o#%#e co"te/pora"e,
=cr%;a de %de"t%tate>? N%c%odat p*" acu/ /a0e#e de oa/e"% "u au a)ut de
& cut &a u"or op %u"% at*t de co/p#e:e? !oa"a dup o %de"t%tate "u pro)%"e
d%" pre0upu0a #%p0 de op %u"% a =0oc%et %% de /a0 >, c% toc/a% d%"
/u#t%tud%"ea $% co/p#e:%tatea op %u"%#or +" &a a c rora 0u"te/ pu$%?
De &%ecare dat c*"d a#e7e/ u" 0t%#, c*"d #u / o 0uperdec%;%e, de &%ecare
dat c*"d "e a#%p%/ u"u% a"u/%t 7rup 0u9cu#tura# 0au /a% /u#tora, "e
/od%&%c / %/a7%"ea pe care o a)e/ de0pre "o% +"$%"e? @"tr6u" 0e"0 de)e"%/ o
per0oa" d%&er%t $% "e 0%/ %/ d%&er% %? Vec8%% "o$tr% pr%ete"%, ce% care "e6au
cu"o0cut +"tr6o =+"trupare> a"ter%oar , 0e /%r ? Le e0te d%" ce +" ce /a% 7reu 0
"e recu"oa0c $%, de &apt, "o% +"$%"e +"t*/p%" / d%&%cu#t % tot /a% /ar% +" a "e
%de"t%&%ca 0au c8%ar +" a 0%/pat%;a cu =eur%#e> "oa0tre trecute?
-%pp%6u# de)%"e cadru de co"ducere, %ar cadru# de co"ducere de)%"e
para$ut%0t & r 0 o90er)e prea 9%"e etape#e de tra";% %e? @" ace0t proce0, e#
re"u" "u "u/a% #a a0pecte#e e:ter%oare a#e 0t%#u#u% 0 u, dar $% #a /u#te d%"
at%tud%"%#e 0a#e? % +"tr6o 9u" ;%, ca u" du$ rece +" p#%" &a , +# %;9e$te
+"tre9area:
3C.&i r &n94
Ce r /*"e d%" =eu#> /eu, d%" =per0o"a#%tatea> /ea ca 0tructur %"ter"
per/a"e"t , dura9%# A
Pe"tru u"%% r 0pu"0u# e0te: aproape "%/%c? C c% e% "u au propr%u6;%0 u"
=eu>, c% trec pr%" ceea ce 06ar putea "u/% =o 0er%e de eur%>?
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co"cep %a de0pre 0%"e a o/u#u%, o "ou teor%e a per0o"a#%t %%, care %"e 0ea/a
at*t de d%0co"t%"u%t %#e c*t $% de co"t%"u%t %#e d%" )%a a o/u#u%?
,a#tu# 0oc%et %% 0pre u" "ou "%)e# de d%&ere" %ere aduce cu 0%"e "o%
po0%9%#%t % de %"d%)%dua#%;are, %ar "oua te8"%c , "o%#e &or/e or7a"%;a %o"a#e
te/porare cer cu %"0%0te" u" "ou 7e" de o/? De aceea, +" c%uda 7r u"te#u%
de "%0%p care &ace 0 0c*r *%e a"7re"a<u# $% a te/porare#or re)e"%r% +"apo%, ca#ea
pro7re0u#u% 0oc%a# "e duce 0pre o to#era" /a% #ar7 , 0pre o acceptare /a%
u$oar a u"or t%pur% u/a"e d%" ce +" ce /a% )ar%ate?
Bru0ca popu#ar%tate a 0#o7a"u#u% =)e;%6 % de tre9ur%#e ta#e> e0te o
re&#ectare &%de# a ace0te% /%$c r% %0tor%ce? C c% cu c*t 0oc%etatea e0te /a%
&ra7/e"tat $% r"a% d%)er0%&%cat , cu at*t e0te /a% /are "u/ ru# 0t%#ur%#or de
)%a pe care ea #e pro/o)ea; ? % cu c*t 0oc%etatea #e accept /a% u$or, cu
at*t ea 0e aprop%e /a% /u#t de /o/e"tu# c*"d &%ecare o/ )a &ace "u/a% $%
"u/a% ceea ce +# %"tere0ea; pe e#?
A$adar, +" po&%da d%0cur0ur%#or a"t%te8"%ce a#e u"or E##u# $% (ro//,
u/&or7 0au arcu0e, oa/e"%% )%%toru#u% )or a)ea /a% /u#te $a"0e de
autorea#%;are dec*t or%care a#t 7rup a"ter%or d%" %0tor%e?
Noua 0oc%etate o&er pu %"e r d c%"% +" 0e"0u# u"or #e7 tur% cu ade) rat
dura9%#e? Dar o&er , +" 0c8%/9, ce#u#e /a% )ar%ate, o /a% /are #%9ertate de
%"trare $% %e$%re d%" ace0te ce#u#e $% o /a% /are u$ur%" de a6 % crea propr%a
ce#u# dec*t toate 0oc%et %#e precede"te #uate #a u" #oc? Ea o&er , de
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cre$te odat cu ea J u" proce0 %"&%"%t /a% pa0%o"a"t dec*t ace#a de a te # 0a
purtat de u" )a#, dec*t tr*"te#e cu t ura$%, dec*t " pu0t%rea pe auto0tr ;%#e cu
5 9e";% de c%rcu#a %e 0au preocuparea pe"tru e:c%ta"te#e &ar/aceut%ce? Ea +#
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0 #e %/%te, tr%u/&u# e0te /%"u"at?
I"co"te0ta9%# c ace0te cu)%"te e#e)ate "u 0e ap#%c #a toat #u/ea?
a<or%tatea oa/e"%#or de %er% $% de a;% r /*" +"c8%$% +" ce#u#e pe care "%c% "u #e6
au co"0tru%t e% $% d%" care "%c% "u au /u#te 0pera" e 0 e)ade;e +" co"d% %%#e
actua#e? Pe"tru /a<or%tatea &%%" e#or u/a"e, op %u"%#e co"t%"u 0 r /*"
"e/a%po/e"%t de pu %"e?
Ace0te #a" ur% tre9u%e 0 &%e $% )or &% 0& r*/ate? % totu$% e#e "u )or &%
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re)e"% #a pa0%)%tate, /%0t%c%0/ $% %ra %o"a#%tate? Nu )or &% 0& r*/ate =0%/ %"d>
0au =%"tu%"d> dru/u# "o0tru +" )%%tor +" po&%da or%c ru% 0tud%u, a or%c re% a"a#%;e
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d%0cer" /*"t #a pro9#e/e#e )%ta#e ce#e /a% 0e"0%9%#e a#e e)o#u %e% co"tro#ate a
0oc%et %%?
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"u e0te de )reu" a<utor? Tre9u%e 0 a)e/ +" )edere po0%9%#%tatea, 0u7erat a%c%,
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"ocit)t) %i'r
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0oc%etate? Dac &%ecare per0oa" preocupat de +"dator%r%#e 0a#e ar &% tota#
d%&er%t de ce#e#a#te, "u ar e:%0ta dou &%%" e u/a"e care 0 a%9 o 9a; de
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E:cept*"d ca;u# c a/ &%, & r e:a7erare, 7ata 0 "e +"toarce/ #a u"
pr%/%t%)%0/ prete8"%c $% 0 accept / toate co"0ec%" e#e #u% J o )%a /a% 0curt
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9%7ot%0/ $% a#te#e J, "e )o/ +"drepta 0pre 0oc%et % d%" ce +" ce /a% d%&ere" %ate?
Acea0ta r%d%c pro9#e/e 0er%oa0e de %"te7rare 0oc%a# ?
Ce #e7 tur% de ord%" educat%), po#%t%c, cu#tura# tre9u%e 0 /ode# / pe"tru
a /e" %"e o ord%"e 0upra%"du0tr%a# care 0 per/%t 9u"a &u"c %o"are a
0oc%et %%A
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recu"o0cute 0au pe u" a"u/%t 7rad de %"terdepe"de" co"$t%e"t dac "u pe
o9%ect%)e accepta9%#e pe"tru to %>?
O 0oc%etate care 0e de;%"te7rea; rap%d #a "%)e#u# )a#or%#or $% a# 0t%#ur%#or
de )%a repu"e +" d%0cu %e toate )ec8%#e /eca"%0/e de %"te7rare $% %/pu"e o
9a; de reco"0t%tu%re a90o#ut "ou ? ( r +"do%a# c +"c "u a/ 7 0%t acea0t
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"oa0tr de a "e /e" %"e %"te7r%tatea eu#u%?
Pe care d%" /u#te#e eur% pote" %a#e 0 6# a#e7e/A
Ce 0er%e de eur% "% 0e potr%)e$teA Pe 0curt, cu/ tre9u%e "o% 0 &ace/ &a
0upraa9u"de" e% de op %u"% #a ace0t "%)e#, ce# /a% %"t%/ $% cu cea /a% /are
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a#e7ere $% #%9ertate, +"c "u a/ +"ceput 0 e:a/%" / +"0p %/*"t toare#e
%/p#%ca %% a#e d%)er0%t %%?
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Cre / u" /ed%u a/9%a"t at*t de trec tor, de "e&a/%#%ar $% de co/p#e: +"c*t
a/e"%" / /%#%oa"e de oa/e"% cu aceea$% cr%; de adaptare? Iar acea0t cr%;
e0te $ocu# )%%toru#u%?
P)rt) ) cinc)
Li&it% )d)pt)'i%it ii
OCUL VIITORULUI: DIMEN"IUNEA FIZIC
Cu /%#%arde de a"% +" ur/ , / r%#e care 0e retr 7eau au aru"cat /%#%oa"e
de creatur% ac)at%ce pe /a#ur%#e "ou create? L%p0%te de /ed%u# #or &a/%#%ar, e#e
au /ur%t 8orc %"d $% #upt*"du60e pe"tru &%ecare &r*"tur de eter"%tate +" p#u0?
Doar c*te)a d%"tre e#e, /a% "orocoa0e $% /a% 9%"e adaptate #a e:%0te" a
a/&%9%e, au 0upra)%e u%t $ocu#u% 0c8%/9 r%%? A0t ;%, 0pu"e 0oc%o#o7u# La1re"ce
,u8/ de #a U"%)er0%tatea d%" H%0co"0%", =trece/ pr%"tr6o per%oad tot at*t de
trau/at%;a"t ca $% e)o#u %a predece0or%#or o/u#u% de #a 0tad%u# de creatur%
/ar%"e #a ce# de creatur% tere0tre??? Ce% ce 0e )or putea adapta o )or &aceE ce%
ce "u )or reu$% &%e c )or co"t%"ua 0 0upra)%e u%a0c de 9%"e, de r u #a u" "%)e#
de de;)o#tare %"&er%or, &%e c )or p%er%, a;)*r#% % pe /a#ur% de )a#ur%#e / r%%>?
A a&%r/a c o/u# tre9u%e 0 0e adapte;e pare de pr%0o0? E# 06a $% do)ed%t
a &% u"a d%"tre &or/e#e de )%a ce#e /a% adapta9%#e??? A 0upra)%e u%t )er%#or
ecuator%a#e $% %er"%#or po#are? A p $%t pe 0upra&a a #u"ar ?
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+" /are / 0ur de 7#a"de#e e"docr%"e $% de 8or/o"%% pe care ace0tea +% 0ecret
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"outate, $%, /a% a#e0, c*"d acea0ta d%" ur/ %/p#%c co"&#%cte 0au %"cert%tud%"e,
o 7#a"d Cde d%/e"0%u"ea u"u% 9o9 de /a; re J 8%po&%;a 6S0ecret o 0er%e de
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puter"%c $% /a% 0u0 %"ut dec*t RO?
Ca $% reac %a de or%e"tare, reac %a de adaptare "u e0te u" &e"o/e"
e:cep %o"a#? E0te /a% 7reu de tre;%t $% durea; /a% /u#t, dar 0e produce de
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c#%/atu# p0%8o#o7%c care "e +"co"<ur ? ,up rarea, 7r%<a, co"&#%ctu#, %"cert%tud%"ea,
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de )%a , de &apt tot ceea ce "e o9#%7 0 +"&ru"t / "ecu"o0cutu# poate
dec#a"$a reac %a de adaptare?
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re;u#tate?
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auto/at acea0t 0t%/u#are a +"tre7u#u% 0%0te/ e"docr%"?
% ce6% cu acea0taA
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o capac%tate de 0c8%/9are #%/%tat ? C*"d acea0t capac%tate e0te co)*r$%t ,
o/u# 0u&er $ocu# )%%toru#u%?
OCUL VIITORULUI: DIMEN"IUNEA P"I:OLO$IC
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#%/%tea; +"0 #a co/a"dour%? La u" a" dup %"c%de"tu# /e" %o"at, 0%/pto/e
a0e/ " toare au ap rut +" propor %e de /a0 +" r*"du# trupe#or a#%ate care au
de9arcat +" Nor/a"d%aE dup ce au 0tud%at N?444 de 0o#da % a/er%ca"% $%
e"7#e;% r "% % +" #upt , cercet tor%% e"7#e;% au tra0 co"c#u;%a c acea0t apat%e
c%udat "u e0te dec*t 0tad%u# &%"a# a# u"u% proce0 co/p#e: de pr 9u$%re p0%8%c ?
Deter%orarea /e"ta# +"cepe ade0eor% pr%"tr6o o9o0ea# ? Acea0ta e0te
ur/at de co"&u;%e /e"ta# $% %"0ta9%#%tate? O/u# de)%"e 8%per0e"0%9%# #a ce%
/a% 0#a9% 0t%/u#% d%" <uru# 0 u? =+% 0are /u$taru#> d%" or%ce &#eac? D 0e/"e de
de;or%e"tare? Pare %"capa9%# 0 d%0t%"7 ;7o/otu# t%ru#u% du$/a" de a#te 0u"ete
/a% pu %" a/e"%" toare? De)%"e +"cordat, o90edat $% %ra0c%9%# #a cu#/e?
To)ar $%% 0 % "u pot $t% "%c%odat c*"d are 0 reac %o"e;e pr%" /*"%e 0au c8%ar
pr%" )%o#e" #a ce# /a% /%c %"co")e"%e"t?
Apo% 0o0e$te $% u#t%/a &a; , cea a epu%; r%% e/o %o"a#e? ,o#datu# pare 0 &%
p%erdut p*" $% )o%" a de a tr %? Re"u" 0 /a% #upte pe"tru a 0e ap ra,
re"u" 0 0e co/porte ra %o"a# +" #upt ? E# de)%"e, dup cu/ 0pu"ea R? L?
,1a"3, care a co"du0 a"c8eta e"7#e; , =%"0e"0%9%# $% %"d%&ere"t??? @"t*r;%at d%"
pu"ct de )edere /e"ta# $% &%;%c, preocupat>? C8%ar $% &a a 0a re&#ect tr%0te ea $%
apat%a? Lupta 0a pe"tru adaptare %a 0&*r$%t pr%"tr6u" e$ec? A &o0t at%"0 0tad%u#
re"u" r%% tota#e?
(aptu# c oa/e"%% 0e co/port %ra %o"a#, ac %o"*"d +/potr%)a propr%u#u%
#or %"tere0 atu"c% c*"d 0u"tpu$% +" 0%tua %% caracter%0t%ce pr%"tr6u" 7rad +"a#t de
0c8%/9are $% "outate, e0te re#e)at $% de 0tud%%#e a0upra co/porta/e"tu#u%
u/a" cu pr%#e<u# %"ce"d%%#or, %"u"da %%#or, cutre/ure#or de p /*"t $% a# a#tor
cata0tro&e? C8%ar $% oa/e"%% ce% /a% ec8%#%9ra %, ce% /a% ="or/a#%> $% cu o 9u"
&or/ &%;%c %pot &% a;)*r#% % +"tr6o 0tare de a"t%adaptare? Ade0eor% redu$% #a
co"&u;%e $% %"d%&ere" tota# , e% par %"capa9%#% 0 %a p*" $% cea /a% e#e/e"tar
dec%;%e ra %o"a# ?
A0t&e#, +"tr6u" 0tud%u a0upra reac %%#or #a ura7a"e +" Te:a0, -? E? oore
0cr%e c =pr%/a reac %e poate &% de u%/%re "e/ 0urat , u"eor% de "e+"credere
0au ce# pu %" de re&u; de a accepta &aptu#? Acea0ta, crede/ "o%, e0te e:p#%ca %a
e0e" %a# a co/porta/e"tu#u% u"or per0oa"e $% 7rupur% d%" Haco cu pr%#e<u#
catac#%0/u#u% d%" 19N3??? Pe p#a" %"d%)%dua#, acea0ta e:p#%c de ce o &at 06a
0trecurat pr%" )%tr%"a 0part +"tr6u" /a7a;%" de /u;%c , a cu/p rat ca#/ u"
d%0c $% a %e$%t a&ar , de$% 7ea/ur%#e c# d%r%% 0e & cu0er "d r% $% d%)er0e o9%ecte
;9urau pr%" %"ter%oru# ace0te%a>?
@"tr6u" 0tud%u de0pre u" ura7a" d%" Uda##, 0tatu% .a"0a0, 0e c%tea; o
7o0pod%" care a 0pu0: =Dup ce 06a ter/%"at, 0o u# /eu $% cu a/%"e "e6a/
r%d%cat, a/ 0 r%t pe &erea0tr $% a/ +"ceput 0 a#er7 /??? Nu / %"tere0a "%/%c?
Tot ce )o%a/ era 0 &u7>? (oto7ra&%a t%p%c a u"u% de;a0tru "e +"& %$ea; o
/a/ %"*"d u" cop%# /%c r "%t 0au /ort +" 9ra e, cu &a a #%p0%t de e:pre0%e $%
0tupe&%at , ca $% cu/ "u )a /a% putea +" e#e7e )reodat rea#%tatea d%" <uru# 0 u?
U"eor% ea 0ade pe pra7u# ca0e% $% #ea7 " u$or o p pu$ ca $% cu/ ar &% cop%#u#
e%?
De aceea, cata0tro&e#e, ca $% u"e#e 0%tua %% de #upt , +# pot dep $% pe
%"d%)%d d%" pu"ct de )edere p0%8%c?
% o dat +" p#u0, d%" cau;a 0o#%c%t r%% a/9%e"ta#e prea %"te"0e, )%ct%/a
cata0tro&e% 0e tre;e$te d%"tr6o dat pr%"0 +"tr6o 0%tua %e +" care o9%ecte#e $%
re#a %%#e &a/%#%are 0u"t tra"0&or/ate? Pe #ocu# u"de 0e +" # a ca0a 0a, "u )a /a%
&% dec*t u" /a#d r de ru%"e &u/e7*"de? Va +"t*#"% o co#%9 p#ut%"d pe ape#e
u/&#ate 0au o 9arc p#ut%"d pr%" aer? ed%u# +"co"<ur tor )a &% p#%" de 0c8%/9 r%
$% "out %? % d%" "ou reac %a o/u#u% )a &% caracter%0t%c pr%" co"&u;%e, "e#%"%$te,
%r%ta9%#%tate $% retra7ere +" apat%e?
=ocu# cu#tura#>, pro&u"da de;or%e"tare 0u&er%t de c # toru# care a
p tru"0 & r o pre7 t%re core0pu"; toare +"tr6o cu#tur 0tr %" , &ur"%;ea; u" a#
tre%#ea e:e/p#u de e$ec +" /ater%e de adaptare? Ac% "u 7 0%/ "%c% u"u# d%"
e#e/e"te#e )%;%9%#e a#e r ;9o%u#u% 0au cata0tro&e%? ,ce"a poate &% a90o#ut
pa$"%c $% #%p0%t de r%0c? % totu$% 0%tua %a cere o adaptare per/a"e"t #a "o%#e
co"d% %%? Dup p rerea p0%8o#o7u#u% ,)e" Lu"d0tedt, $ocu# cu#tura# e0te o =&or/
de "eadaptare a per0o"a#%t %%, ad%c o reac %e &a de o +"cercare te/porar
"ereu$%t de adaptare #a /ed%% $% oa/e"% "o%>?
Per0oa"a care 0u&er u" $oc cu#tura#, #a &e# ca 0o#datu# $% )%ct%/a u"e%
cata0tro&e, e0te o9#%7at 0 #upte cu e)e"%/e"te, re#a %% $% o9%ecte "e&a/%#%are $%
"epre) ;ute? odu# +" care o9%$"u%a 0 &ac a"u/%te #ucrur%, c8%ar $% pe ce#e
/a% 0%/p#e, ca &or/area u"u% "u/ r de te#e&o", "u /a% core0pu"de? Poate c
acea0t 0oc%etate 0tr %" 0e 0c8%/9 &oarte +"cet, dar pe"tru e# e0te ce)a cu
totu# $% cu totu# "ou? ,e/"e#e, 0u"ete#e $% a# % 0t%/u#e" % p0%8%c% +# a0a#tea; & r
ca e# 0 #e poat 0e0%;a %/ed%at 0e"0u#? @"trea7a e:per%e" cap t u" aer
0uprarea#%0t? (%ecare cu)*"t, &%ecare ac %u"e 0u"t +"0o %te de o a"u/%t
%"cert%tud%"e?
@" ace0t co"te:t, o9o0ea#a 0ur)%"e /a% repede dec*t de o9%ce%? Para#e#,
c # toru# re0%/te ceea ce Lu"d0tedt de0cr%e drept =u" 0e"t%/e"t 0u9%ect%) de a
&% p%erdut o 0e";a %e de %;o#are $% 0%"7ur tate>?
I/pre)%;%9%#%tatea care decur7e d%" "ou +% 0u9/%"ea; 0%/ u# rea#%t %%?
A0t&e#, arat pro&e0oru# Lu"d0tedt, e# t*"<e$te =dup u" /ed%u +" care
0at%0&acerea u"or tre9u%" e p0%8%ce $% &%;%ce %/porta"te 0 &%e pre)%;%9%# $% /a%
pu %" %"cert >? E# de)%"e =a":%o0, tu#9urat $% ade0eor% prea apat%c>? De &apt,
co"c8%de Lu"d0tedt, =$ocu# cu#tura# poate &% pr%)%t drept o reac %e #a 0tre00 pr%"
re&u; e/o %o"a# $% %"te#ectua#>?
E0te 7reu 0 c%t%/ toate ace0te re#at r% Kprecu/ $% /u#te a#te#eL de0pre
tu#9ur r%#e de co/porta/e"t 0u9 %"&#ue" a u"e% )ar%et % de 0tre00ur%, & r a
do9*"d% cert%tud%"ea a0e/ " r%#or d%"tre e#e? E)%de"t, e:%0t deo0e9%r% +"tre u"
0o#dat pe c*/pu# de #upt , )%ct%/a u"e% cata0tro&e $% c # toru# de;or%e"tat de
u" /ed%u cu#tura# 0tr %", dar, totodat , to % tre% 0u"t pu$% +" &a a u"or 0c8%/9 r%
rap%de, a u"u% 7rad +"a#t de "outate 0au c8%ar a a/9e#or? To % tre9u%e 0 0e
adapte;e cu repe;%c%u"e $% +" /od repetat #a e:c%ta %% %/pre)%;%9%#e, $% e:%0t
a0e/ " r% u%/%toare +"tre /odur%#e +" care reac %o"ea; ce% tre% #a acea0t
0upra0o#%c%tare?
a% +"t*%, 7 0%/ ace#ea$% do)e;% de co"&u;%e, aceea$% de;or%e"tare 0au
de"aturare a rea#%t %%? @" a# do%#ea r*"d, 0ur)%" ace#ea$% 0e/"e de o9o0ea# ,
"e#%"%$te, +"cordare $% %r%ta9%#%tate e:tre/ ? @" 0&*r$%t, +" toate tre% ca;ur%#e pare
0 e:%0te u" pu"ct &ata#, d%"co#o de care 0e %"0ta#ea; apat%a $% re&u;u#
e/o %o"a#?
Pe 0curt, o90er)a %%#e & cute 0u7erea; c 0upra0o#%c%tarea poate duce #a
o co/portare 9%;ar $% care +/p%ed%c or%ce adaptare?
#o&')rd)r) si& uri%or
No% cu"oa$te/ +"c prea pu %" ace0t &e"o/e" pe"tru a e:p#%ca cu
co/pete" de ce 0upra0o#%c%tarea pare 0 7e"ere;e u" co/porta/e"t co"trar
adapt r%%?
Totu$% a)e/ de<a %"d%c%% %/porta"te dac recu"oa$te/ c 0upra0o#%c%tarea
0e poate produce #a ce# pu %" tre% "%)e#ur% d%&er%te: 0e";or%a#, co7"%t%) $%
dec%;%o"a# V?
W"ot T
V !ra"% a d%"tre ce#e tre% "u e0te a90o#ut c#ar , c8%ar % pe"tru p0%8o#o7%,
dar dac , a$a cu/ "e 0pu"e 9u"u#0%/ , pu"e/ 0e/"u# e7a# +"tre "%)e#u#
0e";or%a# $% percepere, +"tre "%)e#u# co7"%t%) $% 7*"d%re $% +"tre cA# dec%;%o"a# $%
#uarea dec%;%%#or "u )o/ 7re$% prea /u#t?
WU"ot T
Ce# /a% u$or de +" e#e0 e0te "%)e#u# 0e";or%a#? E:per%e" e#e #e7ate de
p%erderea 0%/ ur%#or +" cur0u# c rora )o#u"tar%% 0u"t #%p0% % de 0t%/u#area
"or/a# a 0%/ ur%#or #or au ar tat c a90e" a u"or "o% 0t%/u#% 0e";or%a#% poate
duce #a de;or%e"tare $% #a de7radarea "et a &acu#t %#or /e"ta#e? La &e#
+"re7%0trarea u"u% "u/ r prea /are de 0t%/u#% 0e";or%a#% de;or7a"%;a %,
de;ordo"a % 0au 8aot%c% poate a)ea e&ecte 0%/%#are?
D%" acea0t cau; , 0pec%a#%$t%% =0p # r%% cre%eru#u%>, &%e ea de "atur
po#%t%c 0au re#%7%oa0 , &o#o0e0c "u "u/a% pr%)a %u"ea 0e";or%a# Kdete" %u"ea
0o#%tar , de e:e/p#uL, dar $% 9o/9ardarea 0%/ ur%#or cu &u#7ere #u/%"oa0e,
a#ter"area rap%d a cu#or%#or, e&ecte de 0u"et 8aot%ce, ad%c +"tre7u# ar0e"a# a#
e:per%e" e#or p0%8ede#%ce?
Pa0%u"ea re#%7%oa0 $% co/porta/e"tu# 9%;ar a# u"or 8%pp%e pot re;u#ta "u
"u/a% d%" a9u;u# de dro7ur%, dar $% d%" e:per%/e"tarea +" 7rup a pr%)a %u"%% de
0t%/u#% 0e";or%a#% $% a 9o/9ard r%% 0%/ ur%#or? P0a#/od%erea %"ca"ta %%#or
C/o"oto"e, +"cercarea de a co"ce"tra ate" %a %"d%)%du#u% a0upra 0e";a %%#or
corpora#e %"ter%oare, e:c#u;*"d 0t%/u#%% e:ter%or%, 0u"t e&ortur% de a produce
e&ecte#e 0tra"%%, u"eor% 8a#uc%"a"te, a#e 0u9e:c%t r%%?
@" co"tra0t cu ace0tea, o90er) / pr%)%r%#e &%:e $% 0tupe&%ate, &e e#e #%p0%te
de e:pre0%e a#e t%"er%#or care da"0ea; +" /ar%#e 0 #% de 0pectaco#e +" care 0e
c*"t /u;%c =roc3>, u"de e&ecte#e de #u/%" , &%#/e#e pro%ectate de;ordo"at,
%pete#e cu u" "u/ r /are de dec%9e#%, 0tr%7 te#e $% 7e/ete#e> co0tu/e#e
7rote$t% $% trupur%#e p%ctate creea; u" /ed%u 0e";or%a# caracter%;at pr%"tr6u"
0tre00 r%d%cat, precu/ $% pr%" %/pre)%;%9%#%tate $% "outate du0e #a e:tre/?
Apt%tud%"ea or7a"%0/u#u% de a &ace &a ace0tor 0t%/u#% 0e";or%a#% dep%"de
de 0tructura #u% &%;%o#o7%c ?
Natura or7a"e#or #u% de 0%/ $% )%te;a cu care c%rcu# %/pu#0ur%#e pr%"
0%0te/u# #u% "er)o0 0u"t tot at*tea #%/%te 9%o#o7%ce %/pu0e ca"t%t %% de date
0e";or%a#e pe care #e poate accepta or7a"%0/u#? Dac a"a#%; / )%te;a de
tra"0/%tere a 0e/"a#e#or +" d%)er0e or7a"%0/e, co"0tat / c , cu c*t 7radu# de
e)o#u %e e0te /a% 0c ;ut, cu at*t propa7area e0te /a% #e"t ? A0t&e#, de p%#d ,
+"tr6u" ou de ar%c% de /are, #%p0%t de 0%0te/u# "er)o0 propr%u6;%0, u" 0e/"a#
parcur7e /e/9ra"a cu )%te;a de u" ce"t%/etru pe or ? E)%de"t c +"tr6u"
a0e/e"ea r%t/ or7a"%0/u# poate reac %o"a doar #a o por %u"e &oarte redu0 a
/ed%u#u% 0 u +"co"<ur tor? Dac urc / ce)a /a% 0u0, p*" #a /edu; , care are
de<a u" 0%0te/ "er)o0 pr%/%t%), 0e/"a#e#e 0u"t tra"0/%0e de 3D?444 de or% /a%
repede $% parcur7 14 c/ pe 0ecu"d ? La )%er/e, r%t/u# ace0ta &ace u" 0a#t,
a<u"7*"d #a 144 c/ pe 0ecu"d ? @" ce pr%)e$te %"0ecte#e $% cru0tacee#e, %"&#u:u#
"er)o0 at%"7e 1?444 c/ pe 0ecu"d ? La a"tropo%;% r%t/u# a<u"7e #a 14?444 c/
pe 0ecu"d ? Or%c*t de apro:%/at%)e ar &% ace0te c%&re, e#e "e a<ut 0 +" e#e7e/
de ce o/u# e0te %"d%0cuta9%# u"a d%" ce#e /a% adapta9%#e &%%" e?
% totu$%, c8%ar $% #a o/, #a care %"&#u:u# "er)o0 0e propa7 ou apro:%/at%)
34?444 c/ pe 0ecu"d , 7ra"% e#e 0%0te/u#u% "er)o0 0u"t %/perat%)e? K+"tr6u"
ca#cu#ator 0e/"a#e#e e#ectr%ce c%rcu# de /%#%arde de or% /a% repede?L Ace0te
#%/%te %/pu0e de or7a"e#e de 0%/ $% de 0%0te/u# "er)o0 de"ot c +" <uru#
"o0tru "u/eroa0e e)e"%/e"te 0e produc +"tr6u" r%t/ prea rap%d pe"tru a #e
putea ur/ r% $% de aceea, +" ce# /a% 9u" ca;, 0u"te/ redu$% #a o e:per%e"
9a;at pe 0e#ec %e? Atu"c% c*"d 0e/"a#e#e care a<u"7 #a "o% 0u"t re7u#ate $%
repetate, ace0t proce0 de 0e#ec %e "e poate o&er% o repre;e"tare /e"ta# de0tu#
de 9u" a rea#%t %%? Dar c*"d 0u"t &oarte de;or7a"%;ate, c*"d /ed%u# a/9%a"t
e0te "ou $% "ea$teptat e:act%tatea %/a7%"%#or "oa0tre e0te /u#t redu0 ?
I/a7%"ea "oa0tr de0pre rea#%tate e0te de"aturat ? Acea0ta e:p#%c , poate, de
ce atu"c% c*"d 0u"te/ o9%ectu# u"e% 0upra0o#%c%t r% 0e";or%a#e %"tr / +"tr6o
0tare co"&u;%o"a# , %ar #%/%ta d%"tre %#u;%e $% rea#%tate 0e e0to/pea; ?
,upra0o#%c%tarea %"&or/a %o"a# Dac 0upra0o#%c%tarea #a "%)e# 0e";or%a# "e
&ace 0 percepe/ rea#%tatea +"tr6u" /od /a% de"aturat, 0upra0o#%c%tarea
co7"%t%) 0e opu"e capac%t %% "oa0tre de a =7*"d%>? @" t%/p ce u"e#e reac %%
u/a"e #a "outate 0u"t %")o#u"tare, a#te#e 0u"t precedate de 7*"d%rea
co"$t%e"t E acea0ta dep%"de de capac%tatea "oa0tr de a a90or9%, /a"%pu#a,
e)a#ua $% a0%/%#a %"&or/a %a?
Co/portarea ra %o"a# a %"d%)%du#u% dep%"de de &#u:u# "e+"trerupt de date
pro)e"%te d%" /ed%u# +"co"<ur tor? Ea dep%"de de puterea %"d%)%du#u% de a
pre)edea cu oarecare cert%tud%"e co"0ec%" e#e propr%%#or 0a#e ac %u"%? Pe"tru a
&ace acea0ta, e# tre9u%e 0 poat pre;%ce +" ce &e# )a reac %o"a /ed%u#
+"co"<ur tor? A0t&e#, 0 " tatea /e"ta# +"0 $% e0te co"d% %o"at de capac%tatea
o/u#u% de a pre;%ce )%%toru# 0 u per0o"a# %/ed%at pe 9a;a %"&or/a %%#or &ur"%;ate
de /ed%u# +"co"<ur tor?
Atu"c% c*"d %"d%)%du# e0te %/p#%cat +"tr6o 0%tua %e care 0e 0c8%/9 +"tr6u"
r%t/ rap%d $% "ere7u#at 0au +"tr6u" co"te:t +"c rcat de "outate, e:act%tatea
pre)%;%u"%#or 0a#e 0cade 9ru0c? E# "u /a% poate &ace e)a#u r%#e p#%"e de 9u"60%/
$% corecte de care dep%"de co/portarea 0a ra %o"a# ?
Pe"tru a co/pe"0a acea0ta, pe"tru a readuce e:act%tatea #a "%)e#u#
"or/a#, e# e0te o9#%7at 0 adu"e $% 0 pre#ucre;e /u#t /a% /u#te %"&or/a %%
dec*t +"a%"te, %ar ace0t #ucru tre9u%e 0 6# &ac cu o )%te; e:tre/ de r%d%cat ? Pe
0curt, cu c*t /ed%u# +"co"<ur tor 0e 0c8%/9 /a% repede $% e0te /a% "ou, cu
at*t tre9u%e 0 pre#ucre;e %"d%)%du# /a% /u#te %"&or/a %% +" )ederea #u r%% u"or
dec%;%% e&%c%e"te $% ra %o"a#e?
Dar, a$a cu/ e:%0t #%/%te a#e 0t%/u# r%% 0e";or%a#e pe care o pute/
to#era, tot a$a capac%tatea "oa0tr de a pre#ucra %"&or/a %a are $% ea o 0er%e de
re0tr%c %%?
Dup cu/ 0e e:pr%/ p0%8o#o7u# !eor7e A? %##er, de #a U"%)er0%tatea
Roc3e&e##er, e:%0t =#%/%te 0tr%cte a#e ca"t%t %% de %"&or/a %e pe care 0u"te/
capa9%#% 0 o pr%/%/, 0 o pre#ucr / $% 0 o p 0tr / +" /e/or%e>? Pr%"
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pro9#e/e#e "oa0tre de )%a cu a<utoru# dec%;%%#or pro7ra/ate, care au u" co0t
p0%8%c 0c ;ut? ,c8%/9area $% %"ed%tu# &ac 0 crea0c )ert%7%"o0 co0tu# #u r%%
dec%;%%#or? C*"d "e /ut / +"tr6u" cart%er "ou, de e:e/p#u, 0u"te/ o9#%7a % 0
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& r a re"u" a /a% +"t*% #a /%% de dec%;%% pro7ra/ate a"ter%or $% & r a #ua
pe"tru pr%/a dat o +"trea7 0er%e de dec%;%% "o%, "epro7ra/ate $% co0t%0%toare
pe p#a" p0%8%c? De &apt, tre9u%e 0 "e repro7ra/ / pe "o% +"$%"e?
E:act ace#a$% #ucru 0e +"t*/p# cu )%;%tatoru# care p tru"de "epre7 t%t
+"tr6u" /ed%u cu#tura# 0tr %", precu/ $% cu %"d%)%du# care, de$% 0e a&# +"c +"
propr%a 0a 0oc%etate, e0te #a"0at +" )%%tor & r u" prea#a9%# a)ert%0/e"t? ,o0%rea
)%%toru#u% 0u9 &or/a %"ed%tu#u% $% a 0c8%/9 r%% &ace ca +"trea7a 0a rut%"
co/porta/e"ta# , do9*"d%t cu 7reu, 0 &%e dep $%t ?
E# de0coper d%"tr6o dat cu 7roa; c acea0t rut%" +")ec8%t , +" #oc 0 6%
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dec%;%%#or, +"c#%"*"d 9a#a" a 0pre &or/e de #uare a dec%;%e% /a% d%&%c%#e $% cu u"
co0t p0%8%c /a% r%d%cat?
E0te ade) rat c u"%% oa/e"% pot to#era u" )o#u/ /a% /are de 0c8%/9are
dec*t a# %%? R%t/u# opt%/ d%&er pe"tru &%ecare d%"tre "o%? % totu$% "u/ ru# $%
t%pu# de dec%;%% cerute de #a &%ecare "u dep%"d "u/a% $% "u/a% de "o%? ,oc%etatea
e0te cea care deter/%" +" e0e" ce &e# de dec%;%% tre9u%e 0 #u / $% +" ce r%t/?
@" pre;e"t e:%0t u" co"&#%ct #ate"t +" )%a a "oa0tr +"tre pre0%u"ea e:erc%tat
de acce#era %e $% cea e:erc%tat de "outate? U"a "e o9#%7 0 #u / dec%;%%#e /a%
operat%), pe c*"d cea#a#t "e %/pu"e 0 #u / dec%;%%#e ce#e /a% d%&%c%#e $% care
co"0u/ /a% /u#t t%/p?
A":%etatea 7e"erat de ace0t co"&#%ct de0c8%0 e0te /u#t %"te"0%&%cat de
cre$terea co"t%"u a d%)er0%t %%?
Do)e;% %"co"te0ta9%#e arat c cre$terea "u/ ru#u% de op %u"% a&#ate +"
&a a u"u% %"d%)%d / re$te, de a0e/e"ea, ca"t%tatea de %"&or/a %e pe care
tre9u%e 0 o pre#ucre;e dac )rea 0 %a o dec%;%e? Te0te#e de #a9orator pe
oa/e"% $% a"%/a#e do)ede0c +" e7a# / 0ur c cu c%t op %u"%#e 0u"t /a%
"u/eroa0e cu at*t reac %%#e 0u"t /a% #e"te?
Co"&ru"tarea ace0tor tre% e:%7e" e %"co/pat%9%#e e0te cea care produce +"
pre;e"t o cr%; a #u r%% dec%;%%#or +" te8"o0oc%et %? Luate #ao#a#t , ace0te
pre0%u"% <u0t%&%c ter/e"u# de =0upra0o#%c%tare dec%;%o"a# > $% "e a<ut 0
+" e#e7e/ de ce /a0e de oa/e"% d%" ace0te 0oc%et % 0e 0%/t de<a c8%"u%te,
"e&o#o0%toare, %"capa9%#e 0 6$% pre7 tea0c propr%u# #or )%%tor? Co")%"7erea c
#upt cu o &or care +% co)*r$e$te, c #ucrur%#e au 0c pat de 0u9 co"tro# e0te
co"0ec%" a %"e)%ta9%# a ace0te% +"c#e$t r%? C c% acce#erarea "eco"tro#at a
0c8%/9 r%#or $t%%" %&%ce, te8"%ce $% 0oc%a#e d%0tru7e puterea %"d%)%du#u% de a #ua +"
cu"o$t%" de cau; dec%;%% ra %o"a#e pr%)%"d propr%u# 0 u de0t%"?
Victi&% /ocu%ui +iitoru%ui
Cu/u#area e&ecte#or 0tre00u#u% dec%;%o"a# cu ce#e a#e 0upra0o#%c%t r%%
0e";or%a#e $% co7"%t%)e 7e"erea; c*te)a &or/e cure"te de %"adaptare
%"d%)%dua# ? De e:e/p#u, o reac %e #ar7 r 0p*"d%t #a o 0c8%/9are acce#erat
e0te re&u;u# cate7or%c? Ce# care re&u; or%ce "outate adopt o at%tud%"e care
co"0t +" a =9#oca> rea#%tatea %"oportu" ? Atu"c% c*"d e0te "e)o%t 0 %a dec%;%%
"o% +"tr6u" r%t/ /ereu acce#erat, e# pur $% 0%/p#u re&u; 0 /a% pr%/ea0c "o%
%"&or/a %%?
Ca $% )%ct%/a u"e% cata0tro&e a c re% &a e:pr%/ o "e+"credere tota# ,
ce# ce re&u; totu# "u /a% e0te capa9%# 0 accepte do)e;%#e tra"0/%0e de
0%/ ur%#e 0a#e? A0t&e#, e# tra7e co"c#u;%a c #ucrur%#e 0u"t de &apt ace#ea$% $% c
toate do)e;%#e 0c8%/9 r%% 0u"t 0uper&%c%a#e? E# caut a#%"are +" e:pre0%%
0tereot%pe ca =t%"er%% au &o0t +"totdeau"a re&ractar%> 0au ="%/%c "u e0te "ou 0u9
0oare>, 0au =cu ct #ucrur%#e 0e 0c8%/9 , cu at*t r /*" ace#ea$%>?
V%ct%/ %"co"$t%e"t a $ocu#u% )%%toru#u%, e# 0e +"dreapt 0pre o cata0tro&
per0o"a# ? ,trate7%a pe care o adopt pe"tru a re;%0ta 0pore$te pro9a9%#%tatea
ca, atu"c% c*"d )a &% o9#%7at +" u#t%/ %"0ta" 0 0e adapte;e, +"t*#"%rea 0a cu
0c8%/9area 0 %a /a% de7ra9 &or/a u"e% cr%;e de )%a u"%ce $% &u"da/e"ta#e
dec*t &or/a u"e% 0er%% de pro9#e/e u$or de re;o#)at?
O a doua 0trate7%e a )%ct%/e% $ocu#u% )%%toru#u% e0te 0pec%a#%;area?
,pec%a#%0tu# "u re0p%"7e orice %dee "ou 0au or%ce %"&or/a %e? @" 0c8%/9, e#
depu"e e&ortur% e"er7%ce pe"tru a %"e pa0u# cu 0c8%/9area, dar "u/a% +"tr6u"
0ector de )%a 0pec%&%c $% +"7u0t? A0t&e# )ede/ cu/ /ed%cu# 0au &%"a"c%aru#
&o#o0e$te ce#e /a% rece"te %"&or/a %% d%" pro&e0%u"ea #or, r /*"*"d +"0
%/pa0%9%# #a or%ce 0u7e0t%e de %"o)a %e 0oc%a# , po#%t%c 0au eco"o/%c ? Cu c*t
co"te0ta %a d%" u"%)er0%t % 0e +"dreapt 0pre paro:%0/, %ar 78etour%#e 0u"t
cupr%"0e de &# c r%, cu at*t /a% pu %" dore$te e# 0 $t%e de0pre ace0tea $% cu
at*t /a% /u#t +"c8%de o9%ect%)u# pr%" care pr%)e$te #u/ea?
Dac pr%)%/ #ucrur%#e #a 0upra&a , e# re;%0t 9%"e?
Dar $% e# ac %o"ea; co"tra #u% +"0u$%? ,e poate tre;% +"tr6o d%/%"ea c
0pec%a#%tatea Iu% e0te per%/at 0au de "erecu"o0cut d%" cau;a tra"0&or/ r%#or
produ0e de e)e"%/e"te d%" a&ara c*/pu#u% 0 u )%;ua#?
O a tre%a reac %e r 0p*"d%t Ia $ocu# )%%toru#u% e0te o90e0%a re)e"%r%% #a
o9%$"u%" e de adaptare a#t dat +"cu"u"ate de 0ucce0, dar care +" pre;e"t 0u"t
%"ap#%ca9%#e $% "ecore0pu"; toare? Ce# care e0te a0t&e# o90edat de trecut 0e
a7a de dec%;%%#e 0a#e pro7ra/ate $% de depr%"der%#e a"ter%oare cu o de0perare
do7/at%c ? Cu c*t 0c8%/9 r%#e d%" e:ter%or +# a/e"%" C/a% /u#t, cu at*t
recur7e /a% %"0%0te"t #a /etode#e trecutu#u%? V%;%u"ea #u% 0oc%a# e0te re7re0%) ?
Trau/at%;at de 0o0%rea )%%toru#u%, e# o&er u" tere" prop%ce repu"er%% +" d%0cu %e
a 0t tu Yuo6u#u% 0au cere, 0u9 o &or/ /a% /u#t 0au /a% pu %" )oa#at ,
re)e"%rea #a )re/ur%#e &er%c%te de od%"%oar ?
@" +"trea7a #u/e, oa/e"%% cu /e"ta#%tatea #u% BarrB !o#d1ater $% a #u%
!eor7e Ha##ace &ac ape# #a coarda #u% 0e"0%9%# pr%" %"ter/ed%u# po#%t%c%%
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tre9u%e 0 &ace/ pe"tru a /e" %"e ord%"ea e0te 0 a0%7ur / /a% /u#te &or e
po#% %e"e$t%? Od%"%oar autor%tatea p r%" %#or a0upra cop%%#or a dat roadeE a$adar,
tu#9ur r%#e actua#e 0u"t re;u#tatu# +"7 du%" e%?
Oa/e"%% +"tre dou )*r0te $% cu "o0ta#7%% de dreapta t*"<e0c dup
0oc%etatea 0%/p# , ordo"at d%" or $e#e#e de pro)%"c%e, ad%c dup u" /ed%u
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"ou, e% co"t%"u 0 ap#%ce auto/at )ec8%#e 0o#u %%, rup*"du60e d%" ce +" ce /a%
/u#t de rea#%tate?
Dac "o0ta#7%c%% de o a"u/%t )*r0t )%0ea; 0 re%"0taure;e u" trecut
pro)%"c%a#, t*" ru# "o0ta#7%c de 0t*"7a )%0ea; 0 re+")%e u" 0%0te/ 0oc%a# $% /a%
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te8"%c ?
Cu toate cerer%#e #or +"&# c rate de 0c8%/9are, ce# pu %" c*te)a 7rup r% a#e
0t*"7%% +/p rt $e0c cu part%;a"%% #u% Ha##ace $% !o#d1ater o pa0%u"e 0ecret
pe"tru trecut?
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a# u/%#u#u% 0 #9at%c +"&#ore$te d%" "ou?
@" 0&*r$%t e:%0t $% 0upra0%/p#%&%catoru#? @" co"d% %%#e +" care )ec8%% ero% $%
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%dee 0au a#ta, e# de)%"e u" dreptcred%"c%o0 te/porar?
Acea0ta "e a<ut 0 +" e#e7e/ /a"%%#e %"te#ectua#e, care 0u"t pe ca#e 0
0e 0c8%/9e /a% repede c8%ar dec*t /oda )e0t%/e"tar ? cLu8a"A Pro&et a#
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t%%" a $t%%" e#orG
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0upra0%/p#%&%catoru# "u 0e /u# u/e$te dec*t cu acea0t u"%)er0a#%tate?
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p r%" %, a/e"%" at de recrutare, 0*c*%t de u" 0%0te/ de +") /*"t a c ru%
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car%er , u" 0%0te/ de )a#or% $% u" 0t%# de )%a care 0 6% co")%" caut +""e9u"%t
o ca#e de a6$% 0%/p#%&%ca e:%0te" a? Recur7*"d #a L,D, /et8edr%" 0au 8ero%" ,
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e:%0te" a?
Ado#e0ce"ta care "u poate re;%0ta 0tre00u#u% co/p#e: $% d%" ce +" ce /a%
acce"tuat poate a<u"7e #a u" act /a% dra/at%c de 0upra0%/%p#%&%care: 0 &ac u"
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"e+"0e/"ate?
V%o#e" a o&er , de a0e/e"ea, o ca#e =0%/p# > de a 0c pa de
co/p#e:%tatea cre0c*"d a a#e7er%% $% de 0upra0o#%c%tare 7e"era# ? Pe"tru
7e"era %a )ec8e $% pe"tru e0ta9#%08/e"tu# po#%t%c, 9a0toa"e#e po#% %$t%#or $%
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re7%/ur%#e, dar a#u"7 +"do%e#%#e?
Ce% /a% /u# % d%"tre "o% %de"t%&%c / u$or ace0te t%pur% de co/porta/e"t
#a a# %% J $% c8%ar #a "o% +"$%"e J, & r a +" e#e7e +"0 $% cau;e#e #or? Dar oa/e"%%
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c#a0%ce de re;%0te" #a 0upra0o#%c%tare?
Toate ace0tea co"0t%tu%e o &u7 per%cu#oa0 de co/p#e:%tatea rea#%t %%?
E#e 7e"erea; o %/a7%"e de"aturat a rea#%t %%? Cu c*t %"d%)%du# re&u; /a%
/u#t #ucrur%#e, 0e 0pec%a#%;ea; /a% ad*"c +" dau"a %"tere0e#or 0a#e /a% #ar7%,
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$% /a% /are d%0perare, cu at*t /a% a90urd )a reac %o"a e# #a "outatea $% #a
op %u"%#e ce6% %"u"d )%a a?
Cu c*t 0e 9a;ea; /a% /u#t pe acea0t tact%c , cu at*t /a% 9%;ar $% /a%
de;or%e"tat apare co/porta/e"tu# 0 u $% cu at*t )a &% /a% %"0ta9%#?
To % cercet tor%% pro9#e/e#or %"&or/a %e% recu"o0c c u"e#e d%"tre ace0te
tact%c% pot &% cu ade) rat "ece0are +" a"u/%te 0%tua %% de 0upra0o#%c%tare? %
totu$%, dac %"d%)%du# "u )a a)ea de #a 9u" +"ceput o )%;%u"e c#ar a0upra
rea#%t %% $% "u )a por"% de #a )a#or% $% pr%or%t % de&%"%te prec%0, &o#o0%rea ace0tor
tact%c% "u )a &ace deo+t 0 acoe"tue;e d%&%cu#t %#e 0a#e de adaptare?
Ace0te co"d% %% prea#a9%#e 0u"t +"0 d%" ce +" ce /a% 7reu de +"dep#%"%t?
A0t&e#, )%ct%/a $ocu#u% )%%toru#u% care &o#o0e$te ace0te 0u9ter&u7%% )a re0%/ % u"
0e"t%/e"t tot /a% pro&u"d de co"&u;%e $% %"cert%tud%"e?
Pr%"0 +" )*rte<u# 0c8%/9 r%#or, 0o#%c%tat 0 %a 8ot r*r% %/porta"te $%
ur7e"te, ea 0%/te "u "u/a% o co"0ter"are pe p#a" %"te#ectua#, c% $% o
de;or%e"tare pe p#a"u# )a#or%#or per0o"a#e? Pe / 0ur ce r%t/u# 0c8%/9 r%% 0e
acce#erea; , acea0t co"&u;%e %"ter%oar e0te du9#at de "e+"credere +" &or e#e
propr%%, de +"7r%<orare $% tea/ ? O/u# 0e 0%/te cupr%"0 de te"0%u"e, o9o0e$te
u$or? ,e poate c8%ar +/9o#" )%? Pe / 0ur ce pre0%u"%#e cre0c %/p#aca9%#,
te"0%u"ea 0e tra"0&or/ +" %ra0c%9%#%tate, 0up rare $% u"eor% )%o#e" 0tup%d ?
E)e"%/e"te / ru"te dec#a"$ea; reac %% ur%a$eE e)e"%/e"te /ar%
pro)oac reac %% "ecore0pu"; toare?
Cu /u# % a"% +" ur/ , Pa)#o) a "u/%t ace0t &e"o/e" =&a;a parado:a# >,
de0cr%%"d cr%;e#e pr%" care treceau c*%"%% pe care a & cut e:per%e" e#e 0a#e cu
re&#e:e co"d% %o"ate? Cercet r%#e u#ter%oare au ar tat c $% oa/e"%% trec pr%"
acea0t etap 0u9 e&ectu# 0upra0o#%c%t r%%, $% ace0t #ucru poate e:p#%ca de ce 0e
produc u"eor% re)o#te c8%ar +" #%p0a u"e% pro)oc r% 0er%oa0e, de ce, apare"t & r
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cre0te#e )a#ur%#or 0c8%/9 r%%, 0 crea0c $% 0 do9*"dea0c u" "ou 0e"t%/e"t,
ace#a de a &% 0t p*"%% propr%u#u% #or de0t%"?
In*%un )r) dirct
Pute/ +"cepe #upta "oa0tr de pre)e"%re a $ocu#u% )%%toru#u% #a "%)e# 0tr%ct
%"d%)%dua#? E0te #%/pede c o /are parte a co/port r%% "oa0tre cot%d%e"e e0te
de &apt, cu 0au & r $t%rea "oa0tr , o +"cercare de a "e prote<a de $ocu#
)%%toru#u%? No% &o#o0%/ o +"trea7 )ar%etate de tact%c% pe"tru a reduce 0t%/u#area
atu"c% c*"d ea a/e"%" 0 dep $ea0c #%/%te#e adapta9%#%t %% "oa0tre? @"
/a<or%tatea #or, ace0te procedee 0u"t &o#o0%te totu$% %"co"$t%e"t? Le pute/ +"0
/ r% e&%c%e" a, &o#o0%"du6#e +" /od co"$t%e"t?
Pute/, de p%#d , 0 "e +"drept / per%od%c ate" %a a0upra "oa0tr +"$%"e
pe"tru a "e e:a/%"a reac %%#e &%;%ce $% p0%8%ce +" &a a 0c8%/9 r%%, & c*"d
te/porar a90trac %e de /ed%u# e:ter%or, pe"tru a "e cu"oa$te /ed%u# %"ter%or?
Acea0ta "u +"0ea/" c "e co/p# ce/ +" 0u9%ect%)%tate, c% c <udec / cu
0*"7e rece propr%%#e "oa0tre &apte? Dup cu/ 0pu"ea -a"0 ,e#Be, a#e c ru%
#ucr r% de0pre 0tre00 au de0c8%0 "o% or%;o"tur% de 9%o#o7%e $% p0%8%atr%e, %"d%)%du#
poate =c uta +" /od co"$t%e"t %"d%c%% a#e u"e% prea /ar% +"cord r%>?
Pa#p%ta %%#e, tre/ur tur%#e, %"0o/"%a 0au o9o0ea#a "ee:p#%cat pot
0e/"a#a 0upra0o#%c%tarea, tot a$a cu/ co"&u;%a, %r%ta9%#%tatea "eo9%$"u%t ,
p#%ct%0ea#a pro&u"d $% u" 0e"t%/e"t a#ar/a"t c #ucrur%#e "e 0cap de 0u9
co"tro# 0u"t 0e/"a#e de a#ar/ p0%8o#o7%ce?
O90er)*"du6"e pe "o% +"$%"e, c ut*"d 0c8%/9 r%#e d%" trecutu# "o0tru
aprop%at, pute/ 0ta9%#% dac "e de0& $ur / act%)%tatea a)*"d o /ar<
co"&orta9%# p*" #a #%/%te#e adapta9%#%t %% "oa0tre 0au 0u"te/ pe pu"ctu# de a
#e dep $%? @"tr6u" cu)*"t, pute/ &%:a +" /od co"$t%e"t r%t/u# "o0tru de )%a ?
Dup ce a/ & cut acea0ta, pute/ +"cepe 0 6# %"&#ue" / co"$t%e"t J
acee#er*"du6# 0au +"cet%"%"du6# J, /a% +"t*% pr%" %"ter/ed%u# #ucrur%#or /%c%, a#
/%croa/9%a" e%, apo% +" cadru# /a% )a0t a# /ode#e#or 0tructura#e a#e e:per%e" e%
"oa0tre? Pute/ +") a cu/ 0 &ace/ acea0ta e:a/%"*"d reac %%#e "oa0tre
"epre/ed%tate &a de 0upra0o#%c%tare?
De e:e/p#u, &o#o0%/ o tact%c de de0t%/u#are atu"c% c*"d d / 9u;"a +"
ca/era u"u% t*" r $% +"c8%de/ aparatu# 0tereo&o"%c care "e 9o/9arda
t%/pa"e#e cu 0u"ete "edor%te $% a0cu %te? ,coate/ pur $% 0%/p#u u" o&tat de
u$urare c*"d "%)e#u# ;7o/otu#u% 0cade?
a% ac %o" / $% +" a#te &e#ur% pe"tru a reduce 9o/9arda/e"tu# 0e";or%a# J
atu"c% c*"d tra7e/ <a#u;e#e#e pe"tru a &ace +"tu"er%c +" ca/er 0au c ut /
#%"%$tea pe o &*$%e de p#a< pu0t%e? Pute/ pu"e +" &u"c %u"e aparatu# de
co"d% %o"are a aeru#u% "u at*t pe"tru a reduce te/peratura, c*t pe"tru a
/a0ca 0u"ete#e "o% $% %/pre)%;%9%#e de pe 0trad pr%"tr6u" 9*;*%t pre)%;%9%# $%
"e+"trerupt?
@"c8%de/ u$%#e, purt / oc8e#ar% de 0oare, e)%t / #ocur%#e ur%& /%ro0%toare
$% "e &er%/ 0 at%"7e/ 0upra&< e<:%0e++te atu"c% c*"d )re/ 0 reduce/
0t%/u#area 0%/ ur%#or "oa0tre? Tot a$a, atu"c% c*"d /er7e/ pe u" dru/ &a/%#%ar
de #a 0er)%c%u 0pre ca0 , +" #oc 0 a#e7e/ u" %t%"erar "ou, opt / pe"tru o
"o""outate 0e";or%a# ? Pe 0curt, &o#o0%/ u" =9#%"da< 0e";or%a#>, o /%e de
$%ret#%cur% co/porta/e"ta#e 0u9t%#e pe"tru a =opr%> 0t%/u#%% 0e";or%a#% atu"c%
c*"d "e aprop%e/ de #%/%ta 0uper%oar a adapta9%#%t %% "oa0tre?
(o#o0%/ tact%c% 0%/%#are pe"tru a co"tro#a %"te"0%tatea 0t%/u# r%% co7"%t%)e?
C8%ar $% ce# /a% 9u" 0tude"t pr%)e$te d%" c*"d +" c*"d pe &erea0tr , %7"or*"du6#
pe pro&e0or $% +"trerup*"d &#u:u# "o%#or date pro)e"%te d%" acea0t 0ur0 ? C8%ar
c%t%tor%% ce% /a% )orac% trec u"eor% pr%" per%oade c*"d "u pot 0uporta 0 %a +"
/*" o carte 0au o re)%0t ?
De ce +" t%/pu# u"e% petrecer%, aca0 #a u" pr%ete", u"u# d%"tre %")%ta %
re&u; 0 +")e e u" <oc "ou de c r % +" c%uda %"0%0te" e#or ce#or#a# %A A%c% <oac
u" ro# /a% /u# % &actor%: a/oru# propr%u, tea/a de a p rea cara78%o0 etc? Dar
u" &actor trecut ade0eor% cu )ederea $% care6% a&ectea; dor%" a de a +") a
poate &% "%)e#u# 7e"era# a# 0t%/u# r%% co7"%t%)e d%" )%a a %"d%)%du#u% +" ace#
/o/e"t? =,cute$te6/ de "out %#e ta#eG> e0te o e:pre0%e ro0t%t de o9%ce% +"
;e&#e/ea?
Dar 7#u/a d%0%/u#ea; ade0eor% o dor%" rea# de a e)%ta a9u"de" a de
date "o%?
Acea0ta e:p#%c +" parte op %u"%#e "oa0tre +" /ater%e de d%0trac %e J
#ectur , &%#/e 0au e/%0%u"% de te#e)%;%u"e? U"eor% c ut / 0 o9 %"e/ u" )o#u/
/are de "outate, o a&#ue" de %"&or/a %%? A#teor% re;%0t / e"er7%c 0t%/u# r%%
co7"%t%)e $% c ut / d%0trac %% =u$oare>? Ro/a"u# po#% %0t t%p%c, de e:e/p#u,
cupr%"de o "ecu"o0cut J c%"e a uc%0A J +"tr6u" cadru r%tua# 0tructurat cu 7r%< ,
#%p0%t de "outate $% a0t&e# u$or de pre;%0? @" &e#u# ace0ta &o#o0%/ d%0trac %a ca pe
u" /%<#oc de a / r% 0au /%c$ora 0t%/u#area, adapt*"d r%t/ur%#e "oa0tre de
a90or9 %e a0t&e# +"c*t 0 "u "e 0upra0o#%c%t / capac%t %#e?
(o#o0%"d +" /od /a% co"$t%e"t a0e/e"ea tact%c%, pute/ a0%7ura u" =acord
&%"> a# /%croa/9%a" e% "oa0tre? Pute/, de a0e/e"ea, reduce 0t%/u#area
"edor%t /%c$or*"d po)ara %/pu0 cu"oa$ter%%? =+"cercarea de a /e/ora prea
/u#te #ucrur% e0te, de0%7ur, u"a d%"tre pr%"c%pa#e#e 0ur0e a#e 0tre00u#u% p0%8%c J
0cr%e ,e#Be? J Eu &ac u" e&ort co"$t%e"t de a u%ta %/ed%at tot ceea ce e0te
"e%/porta"t $% de a6/% "ota date#e cu o )a#oare po0%9%# ??? Procedeu# ace0ta
poate a<uta pe or%c%"e 0 at%"7 cea /a% /are 0%/p#%tate co/pat%9%# cu 7radu#
de co/p#e:%tate a# )%e %% 0a#e %"te#ectua#e>? De a0e/e"ea re7#e/e"t / &#u:u#
#u r%% dec%;%%#or?
A/*" / dec%;%%#e 0au +% +"0 rc%" / pe a# %% 0 #e %a 6 atu"c% c*"d 0u&er%/
de o 0upra0o#%c%tare +" /ater%e de dec%;%%? U"eor% =de/%0%o" /> c8%ar pe p#a"
dec%;%o"a#? A/ +"t*#"%t +"tr6o ;% o 0oc%o#o7 care toc/a%0e +"tor0e0e de #a o
co"&er%" pro&e0%o"a# cu o pa&t%c%pare #ar7 $% e:tre/ de 0t%/u#atoareE 06a
a$e;at #a o /a0 +"tr6u" re0taura"t $% a re&u;at pur $% 0%/p#u 9 %a )reu" &e# de
dec%;%e +" #e7 tur cu /e"%u#? =Ce dore$t% 0 %e%A> J a +"tre9at6o 0o u#?
=-ot r $te tu $% pe"tru /%"e> J a r 0pu"0 ea? C*"d a &o0t pre0at 0 a#ea7
d%"tre /a% /u#te a#ter"at%)e, ea a co"t%"uat 0 re&u;e, 0pu"*"d 0up rat c "u
/a% are =e"er7%a> 0 %a )reo 8ot r*re?
Pr%" a0e/e"ea /etode c ut / 0 re7#e/e"t / c*t pute/ /a% 9%"e
&#u:u# 0t%/u# r%#or 0e";or%a#e, co7"%t%)e $% dec%;%o"a#e, +"cerc*"d poate, de
a0e/e"ea, +"tr6u" /od co/p#%cat $% "ecu"o0cut +"c , 0 #e ec8%#%9r / +"tre e#e?
D%0pu"e/ +"0 $% de /%<#oace /a% e&%c%e"te de a +"&ru"ta pr%/e<d%a
0upra0t%/u# r%%? Ace0tea cupr%"d +"cerc r%#e de a co"tro#a r%t/u# tra";%e" e%, a#
"out %% $% a# d%)er0%t %% +" /ed%u# "o0tru?
Zon d st)'i%it)t prson)%
R%t/u# 0c8%/9 r%% +" )%a a "oa0tr poate &% %"&#ue" at de dec%;%%#e
co"$t%e"te? Pute/, de p%#d , 0 #%/%t / %"te"0%tatea 0c8%/9 r%% $% a 0t%/u# r%%,
"%e" %"*"d +" /od co"$t%e"t #e7 tur% /a% dura9%#e cu d%)er0e#e e#e/e"te a#e
/ed%u#u% a/9%a"t &%;%c? A0t&e# pute/ re&u;a 0 cu/p r / produ0e de 0curt
&o#o0%" ? Pute/ 0 "e cra/po" / 0 /a% purt / u" 0e;o" )ec8%u# "o0tru
co0tu/, pute/ re&u;a cu e"er7%e 0 "e co"&or/ / "o%% /ode, pute/ re;%0ta
atu"c% c*"d u" a7e"t co/erc%a# "e 0pu"e c e0te t%/pu# 0 "e cu/p r / o
/a$%" "ou ? @" &e#u# ace0ta reduce/ "e)o%a de a 0ta9%#% $% de a rupe #e7 tur%
cu o9%ecte#e &%;%ce d%" <uru# "o0tru?
Pute/ &o#o0% aceea$% tact%c +" re#a %%#e "oa0tre cu oa/e"%% $% +" ce#e#a#te
do/e"%% a#e )%e %%? E:%0t /o/e"te c*"d $% per0oa"a cea /a% 0oc%a9%# &u7e de
0oc%etate $% re&u; %")%ta %%#e #a petrecer% 0au a#te /a"%&e0t r% care %/p#%c
raportur% 0oc%a#e? Ne deco"ect / +" /od co"$t%e"t? Tot a$a "e pute/ reduce #a
/%"%/u/ c # tor%%#e? Re;%0t / reor7a"%; r%#or & r 0e"0 d%" cadru# co/pa"%e% +"
care #ucr /, d%" cadru# 9%0er%c%% $% 7rupur%#or &a/%#%a#e 0au 0oc%a#e de care
apar %"e/? C*"d #u / dec%;%% %/porta"te, pute/ c*"t r% cu 7r%< a)a"ta<e#e $%
de;a)a"ta<e#e 0c8%/9 r%%?
Nu )re/ 0 0pu"e/ pr%" acea0ta c pro7re0u# poate 0au ar tre9u% 0 &%e
opr%t? N%/%c "u e0te /a% pu %" ra %o"a# dec*t a&%r/a %a duce#u% de Ca/9r%d7e,
de0pre care 0e 0pu"e c a e:c#a/at: =Or%ce 0c8%/9are, +" or%ce /o/e"t $%
%"d%&ere"t de /ot%), tre9u%e dep#*"0 >? Teor%a a0upra #%/%te#or &acu#t %#or de
adaptare 0u7erea; c , +" po&%da co0tu#u% pe p#a" &%;%c, u" a"u/%t "%)e# de
0c8%/9are e0te tot at*t de )%ta# pe"tru 0 " tate pe c*t de d u" toare e0te o
0c8%/9are prea /are?
D%" /ot%)e care "u 0u"t +"c #%/pe;%, u"%% oa/e"% au o "e)o%e de
0t%/u#are /a% /are dec*t a# %%? E% par 0 t*"<ea0c dup 0c8%/9are c8%ar $%
atu"c% c*"d a# %% &u7 de ea? O ca0 "ou , u" "ou auto/o9%#, o "ou c # tor%e, u"
"ou #oc de /u"c , "o% oa0pe % +" ca0 , "o% )%;%te, r%0cur% $% decep %% &%"a"c%are J
e% par 0 accepte toate ace0tea $% /u#te a#te#e & r 0 0u&ere )reu" e&ect
0up r tor?
O a"a#%; ate"t a u"or a0e/e"ea oa/e"% de;) #u%e ade0eor% e:%0te" a
+" )%a a #or a ceea ce 06ar putea "u/% =;o"e de 0ta9%#%tate> J a"u/%te re#a %%
dura9%#e, care 0u"t /e" %"ute cu 7r%< +" po&%da tuturor 0c8%/9 r%#or?
Cu"o0c u" o/ care a trecut pr%"tr6o 0er%e de co/p#%ca %% 0e"t%/e"ta#e, u"
d%)or $% o rec 0 tor%re J toate +"tr6o per%oad de t%/p &oarte 0curt ? ,e 0%/te
&oarte 9%"e c*"d 0e 0c8%/9 ce)a, +% p#ac c # tor%%#e, /*"c rur%#e "o%, %de%#e "o%,
&%#/e#e, d%0trac %%#e $% c r %#e "o%? E0te +";e0trat cu o /are %"te#%7e" $% e0te
rareor% =0aturat>, 0uport cu 7reu trad% %a $% e0te per/a"e"t +"0etat de "outate?
@" apare" e0te 0c8%/9area per0o"%&%cat ?
C*"d pr%)%/ totu$% /a% ate"t, co"0tat / c ocup ace#a$% po0t de ;ece
a"%, co"duce u" auto/o9%# u;at, )ec8% de $apte a"%, 8a%"e#e 0a#e "u /a% 0u"t de
c* %)a a"% #a /od , pr%ete"%% 0 % ce% /a% aprop%a % 0u"t )ec8% co#e7% de 0er)%c%u $%
c8%ar c* %)a ca/ara;% de &acu#tate?
U" a#t ca; 0e re&er #a u" o/ care a 0c8%/9at #ocur%#e de /u"c +"tr6u"
r%t/ co"0ter"a"t, 06a /utat +/preu" cu &a/%#%a de 13 or% +" 15 a"%, c # tore$te
"e+"cetat, &o#o0e$te auto/o9%#e +"c8%r%ate, ut%#%;ea; produ0e de 0curt
&o#o0%" , 0e #aud c e0te pr%/u# d%" cart%er care +"cearc "o%#e aparate $%, +"
7e"era#, tr %e$te +"tr6u" )*rte< de tra";%e" , "outate $% d%)er0%tate? Dar $% a%c% o
pr%)%re /a% ate"t "e de;) #u%e %/porta" a ;o"e#or de 0ta9%#%tate d%" )%a a 0a:
#e7 tur% 0tr*"0e cu 0o %a, care durea; de 19 a"%, re#a %% "e+"trerupte cu p r%" %%
0 % $% cu )ec8%% pr%ete"% de &acu#tate, pre0 rate cu "o% cu"o$t%" e?
O &or/ d%&er%t de ;o" de 0ta9%#%tate e0te t%pu# de o9%$"u%" e care
+"0o e0c per0oa"a or%u"de c # tore$te ea, %"d%&ere"t de 0c8%/9 r%#e care
%"ter)%" +" )%a a 0a? Cu"o0c u" pro&e0or care 06a /utat de $apte or% +" ;ece a"%,
care c # tore$te per/a"e"t +" ,tate#e U"%te, A/er%ca de ,ud, Europa $% A&r%ca,
care $%6a 0c8%/9at +" repetate r*"dur% #ocu# de /u"c , dar care 0e co"&or/ea;
ace#u%a$% pro7ra/ ;%#"%c %"d%&ere"t u"de 0e a&# ? C%te$te +"tre 5 $% 9 d%/%"ea a,
&ace /%$care t%/p de tre% 0&ertur% de or #a pr*"; $% apo% &ace o 0%e0t de )reo
<u/ tate de or +"a%"te de a 0e cu&u"da +" /u"ca 0a, care +# %"e ocupat p*"
#a 14 0eara?
De aceea, pro9#e/a care 0e pu"e "u e0te de a 0upr%/a 0c8%/9area, #ucru
%/po0%9%# dea#t&e#, c% de a "e aco/oda cu ea? Dac opt / pe"tru o e)o#u %e
rap%d +" a"u/%te 0ectoare a#e )%e %%, pute/ +"cerca +" /od co"$t%e"t 0
co"0tru%/ ;o"e de 0ta9%#%tate +" a#te#e? Poate c u" d%)or "u ar tre9u% 0 &%e
ur/at prea repede de u" tra"0&er +" a#t #oc de /u"c ? Cu/ "a$terea u"u% cop%#
/od%&%c toate #e7 tur%#e u/a"e d%"tr6o &a/%#%e, poate c "u ar tre9u% 0 &%e
ur/at prea +"deaproape de o 0ta9%#%re +" a#t #oc, #ucru care pro)oac
pertur9 r% ur%a$e +" #e7 tur%#e u/a"e d%" a&ara &a/%#%e%? Poate c o &e/e%e
) du) de pu %" t%/p "u ar tre9u% 0 0e 7r 9ea0c 0 6$% )*"d ca0a?
Pe"tru a crea ;o"e de 0ta9%#%tate adec)ate, pe"tru a /od%&%ca /ode#e#e
de )%a /a% #ar7%, a)e/ "e)o%e de %"0tru/e"te /a% e&%c%e"te? Tre9u%e, +"a%"te
de toate, 0 "e 0c8%/9 / rad%ca# at%tud%"ea &a de )%%tor? @" pr%/u# r*"d,
pe"tru a "e aco/oda 0c8%/9 r%% tre9u%e 0 o a"t%c%p /? Cu toate ace0tea,
%deea c )%%toru# per0o"a# a# u"u% %"d%)%d poate &% +" oarecare / 0ur a"t%c%pat
0e +/potr%)e$te u"e% pre<udec % #ar7 r 0p*"d%te a oa/e"%#or, /a<or%tatea
ace0tora, pro&u"d depr%/a %, cre;*"d c )%%toru# e0te u" /%0ter?
Totu$% ade) ru# e0te c "o% putem 0ta9%#% pro9a9%#%tatea u"ora d%"tre
0c8%/9 r%#e care "e 0u"t re;er)ate, +" 0pec%a# a a"u/%tor 0c8%/9 r% 0tructura#e
/ar%, $% c e:%0t /oda#%t % de a &o#o0% ace0te cu"o$t%" e +" ed%&%carea ;o"e#or
de 0ta9%#%tate per0o"a# ?
Pute/, de e:e/p#u, pre;%ce cu cert%tud%"e c , dac "u %"ter)%"e /oartea,
)o/ +/9 tr*"%, c $% cop%%%, rude#e $% pr%ete"%% "o$tr% )or +/9 tr*"% $% c de #a u"
a"u/%t pu"ct 0 " tatea "oa0tr 0e )a deter%ora?
Or%c*t de e)%de"t ar p rea acea0ta, "o% pute/ deduce, ca re;u#tat a#
ace0te% 0%/p#e a&%r/a %%, o /u# %/e de #ucrur% de0pre )%a a "oa0tr +" ur/ tor%%
do%, c%"c% 0au ;ece a"% $% de0pre 0c8%/9 r%#e pe care )a tre9u% 0 #e +"&ru"t /
+"tre t%/p?
Pu %"% %"d%)%;% $% pu %"e &a/%#%% +$% &ac p#a"ur% de )%%tor +" /od 0%0te/at%c? %,
c*"d #e &ac, ace0tea 0u"t ) ;ute de o9%ce% pr%" pr%0/a 9u7etu#u%? % totu$%
pute/ pre)edea $% %"&#ue" a $% c8e#tu%e#%#e "oa0tre de t%/p $% e/o %e #a &e# ca pe
ce#e 9 "e$t%? @" &e#u# ace0ta "e e0te po0%9%# 0 a)e/ o %/a7%"e re)e#atoare a
propr%u#u% "o0tru )%%tor $% 0 e0t%/ / +" #%"%% /ar% %/porta" a 0c8%/9 r%#or care
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co"0%#%er% care 0 recur7 "u "u/a% #a 0& tu%tor% pro&e0%o"%$t%, c% $% #a u" /are
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MI?
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trad.
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Totodat 06a 0u7erat c pro9#e/e#e de adaptare a popu#a %e% rura#e
dep#a0ate 9ru0c +" ce"tre#e ur9a"e ar putea &% redu0e 0%/ %tor dac 06ar %"0t%tu%
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co#%9e d%" c8%rp%c% cu acoper%$ur% d%" &oa%e de cort? Ce% $% /a% aprop%a % de ora$
ocup co#%9e cu ;%dur% d%" c8%rp%c% $% acoper%$ur% de ta9# ?
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pa0?
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pro7re0%)?
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pu %" 0o#%c%ta"t ar tre9u% 0 o poat 7 0% +" a0e/e"ea co/u"%t % cu +"a%"tare
#e"t ?
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d#0cer" r"*"t de %"&#ue" a 0oc%et %% +"co"<ur toare?
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ta#e"t actor%ce0c?
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/u#t%tud%"% de 0%tua %% "epre) ;ute?
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K1L A089B, H? Ro00, ;esign for a rain. KPro%ect de cre%er?L KLo"dra:
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K9L Du"#op, Po8" T?, 8utomation and 'echnological Change. KAuto/at%;are
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KM7L ,3%""er, B? (?, Science and 5uman ehavior.
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KM5L Ver"o", Pac3, Inside the lac< 2oom. K+" u"tru# ca/ere% "e7re?L KNe1
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K31L J 6roceedings of the 'hird Forld Congress of 6s"chiatr". KLucr r%#e
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K3ML J S"mposium on $edical 8spects of Stress in the $ilitar" Climate.
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K33L J S"mposium on 6reventive and Social 6s"chiatr". K,%/po;%o"
a0upra p0%8%atr%e% pre)e"t%)e $% 0oc%a#e?L KHa08%"7to": Ha#ter Reed Ar/B
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K3DL De Vr%e0, E79ert, $an in 2apid Social Change. KO/u# $% 0c8%/9area
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K35L (ra"3, La1re"ce .?, Societ" as the 6atient. K,oc%etatea ca pac%e"t?L
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K39L !ard"er, Po8", SelM-2ene4al. KAutore+""o%reL KE)a"0to", I##?: -arper,
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KI4L Ler"er, Da"%e#, 'he 6assing oN 'radi ional Societ". KD%0par% %a
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KIML ead, ar7aret, Continuities in Cultural Dvolution. KCo"t%"u%tatea
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KI3L ead, ar7aret Ked?L, Cultural 6attems and 'echnical Change.
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KIIL ead, ar7aret, *e4 9ives for (ld. KV%e % "o% pe"tru ce#e )ec8%?L
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KINL e%er, R%c8ard L?, ;evelopmental 6lanning. KP#a"%&%care
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KIDL oore, H%#9ert E?, Social Change. K,c8%/9area 0oc%a# ?L KE"7#e1ood
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KI7L O79ur", H%##%a/ (?, (n Culture and Social Change7 Selected 6apers.
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KI5L ,/%t8, A#&red !? Ked?L, Communications and Culture. KCo/u"%ca %% $%
cu#tur ?L KNe1 2or3: -o%t, R%"e8art a"d H%"0to", 19DD?L
KI9L Toura%"e A#a%", Dur*"d, C#aude, Pecaut, Da"%e# a"d H%##e"er, A#&red,
For<erEs 8ttitudes to 'echnical Change. KAt%tud%"ea /u"c%tor%#or &a de
0c8%/9area 0oc%a# ?L KPar%0: Or7a"%;a %a pe"tru cooperare $% de;)o#tare
eco"o/%c , 19DN?L KVer0%u"e 0u/ar %"t%tu#at =Acceptare $% re;%0te" >?L
KN4L Va" !e""ep, Ar"o%d, 'he 2ites of 6assage. KR%tur%#e tra";% %e%?L
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KN1L H%"7o, Lo1do", Pr? Ked?L, Cities and Space. KOra$e $% 0pa %%?L
KBa#t%/ore: Po8" -op3%"0 Pre00, 19D3?L
KNML VVV 8frica7 Social Change and $ental 5ealth. KA&r%ca: 0c8%/9are
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KNIL J 'raining 2eOuirements for 6ostattac< 8daptive ehavior.
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pre;e"tat de Du"#ap a"d A00oc%ate0 ,er)%c%u#u% ,?U?A? de ap rare c%)%# , Dar%e",
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KNNL J =rban 8merica and the 6lanning of $ental 5ealth Services.
KA/er%ca ur9a" $% p#a"%&%carea 0er)%c%u#u% pe"tru 0 " tate /e"ta# ?L
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AUTOMATIZARE
KNDL Ba7r%t, Leo"? 'he 8ge of 8utomation. KEra auto/at%; r%%?L KNe1 2or3:
Ne1 A/er%ca" L%9rarB, 19DN?L
KN7L D%e9o#d, Po8", e"ond 8utomation. KD%"co#o de auto/at%;are?L KNe1
2or3: c!ra16-%##, 19DI?L
KN5L (r%ed/a"", !eor7e0, Industrial Societ". K,oc%etatea %"du0tr%a# ?L
K!#e"coe, I##? T8e (ree Pre00, 19NN?L
KN9L !ree"9er7er, art%" Ked?L, Computers and the Forld of the >uture.
KCo/putere#e $% #u/ea )%%toru#u%?L KCa/9r%d7e, a00?: T8e IT Pre00, 19DM?L
KD4L -e"der0o", arB ,tep8e"06Ca#d1e##, $anagerial Innovations of Mohn
;iebold. KI"o)a %%#e /a"a7er%a#e a#e #u% Po8" D%e9o#d?L KHa08%"7to": T8e Le
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KD1L %c8ae#, Do"a#d N?, C"bernetics7 'he Silent ConOuest. KC%9er"et%ca:
Cucer%rea +" t cere?L K,a"ta Bar9ara, Ca#%&?, Ce"tru# pe"tru 0tud%u# %"0t%tu %%#or
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KDML ,%/o", -er9ert, A?, 'he Shape of 8utomation for $en and
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KD3L T8eo9a#d, Ro9ert, 'he Challenge of 8bundance. K,&%darea
a9u"de" e%?L KNe1 2or3: Ne1 A/er%ca" L%9rarB, C@?C.L
KDIL J 'echnolog" and the 8merican Dconom". KTe8"o#o7%e $% eco"o/%a
a/er%ca" ?L KRaportu# co/%0%e% de te8"o#o7%e, auto/at%;are $% pro7re0
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KDDL A"08e", e#)%", $% Bac8, !eor7e Le#a"d Ked?L, $anagement and
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KD7L Bac3/a", Pu#%u0, 8dverttsing and Competition. KPu9#%c%tate $%
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KD5L Ba%rd, arB H., International Consumer D#pedinture 6atterns.
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K74L Ber#e, Ado#& A?, Pr?, 6o4er 4ithout 6ropert". KPutere & r propr%etateL
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K73L Bor7e0, Por7e Lu%0, 9ab"vinths. KLa9%r%"tur%?L KNe1 2or3: Ne1
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K7IL BoBd, Bo9ert D? Ked?L, Changing Concepts of 6roductive 9iving.
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K7DL D%c8ter, Er"e0t, 5andboo< of Consumer $otivations. Ka"ua#u#
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K75L (oura0t%e, Pea", 9es AK.KKK 5euers. KCele I4?444 de ore?L KPar%0:
Ed%t%o"0 La&&o"t, 19DN?L
K79L (uc80, V%ctor R?, 'he )ro4ing Importance of the Service Industries.
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K54L !a#9ra%t8, Po8" .e""et8, 'he 8ffluent Societ". K,oc%etatea pro0per ?L
KBo0to": -ou78to"6%&&#%", 19N5?L
K51L !a#9ra%t8, Po8" .e""et8, 'he 9iberal 5our. KOra #%9era#%0/u#u%?L KNe1
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K53L !ordo", T8eodore P?, 8 Stud" of 6oten ial Changes in Dmplo"ee
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K5NL Po8"0o", Ar"o -?, Po"e0, !%#9ert, E?, $% Luca0, Darre##, B?, 'he
8merican $ar<et of the >uture. KP%a a a/er%ca" a )%%toru#u%?L KNe1 2or3: Ne1
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K5DL .ato"a, !eor7e, 'he $ass Consumption Societ". K,oc%etatea
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K57L Larra9ee, Er%c, $% eBer0o8", Ro#& Ked?L, $ass 9eisure. KT%/pu# #%9er a#
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K55L %##er, -er/a" P?, 2ich $an 6oor $an. KO/u# 9o7at, o/u# 0 rac?L
KNe1 2or3: T8o/a0 2? Cro1e##, 19DI?L
K59L Pac3ard, Va"ce, 'he 5idden 6ersuaders. KE#e/e"te d%0%/u#ate de
co")%"7ere?L KNe1 2or3: Da)%d c.aB, 19DN?L
K94L Pac3ard, Va"ce? 'he 6"ramid Climbers. KA#p%"%$t%% p%ra/%de#or?L Ne1
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K91L Pac3ard, Va"ce, 'he Faste, $a<ers, K( c tor%% de 7u"oa%e?L KNe1
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K9ML ,car&&, -aro#d, $ultifamil" 5ousing. KLocu%" a /u#t%&a/%#%a# ?L KReport
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K93L ,er)a"6,c8re%9er, P? 6P? 'he 8merican Challenge. K,&%darea
a/er%ca" ?L KNe1 2or3: A)o"? 19D7?L
K9IL Ta1"eB, R? -?, 2eligion and the 2ise of Capitalism- KRe#%7%a $%
de;)o#tarea cap%ta#%0/u#u%?L KNe1 2or3: Ne1 A/er%ca" L%9rarB, 19I5?L
K9NL Ur%0, Aure", 'he D#ecutive Mob $ar<et. KP%a a po0tur%#or de d%rector?L
KNe1 2or3: c!ra1-%##, 19DN?L
K9DL Har"er, H? L#oBd, $% A9e77#e", Pa/e0, ig usiness 9eaders in
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K97L J 5o4 8merican u"ing 5abits Change. KCu/ 0e 0c8%/9 o9%ce%ur%#e
cu/p r tor%#or a/er%ca"%?L KHa08%"7to": Departa/e"tu# /u"c%% ,?U?A?, 19N9?L
K95L J $ar<ets of the Si#ties, 9B t8e Ed%tor0 o& (ortu"e? KP%e e#e a"%#or CD4L
KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19D4?L EDUCA IE U TINERET K99L A09e##, Ber"ard, 'he
*e4 Improved 8merican. KNou# a/er%ca" per&ec %o"at?L KNe1 2or3, c!ra16-%##,
19DN?L
K144L A089B, Er%c, 'echnolog" and the 8cademics. KTe8"o#o7%a $%
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K141L Bar;u", PacYue0, 'he 8merican =niversit". KU"%)er0%tatea
a/er%ca" ?L KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Eo1, 19D5?L
K14ML Br%/, Or)%##e !? Pr?, Dducation for Child 2earing. KPre7 t%rea pe"tru
educa %a cop%%#or?L KNe1 2or3: T8e (ree Pre00, 19DN?L
K143L De !ra;%a, A#&red, $% ,o8", Da)%d Ked?L, 2evolution in 'eaching.
KRe)o#u %e +" +") /*"t?L KNe1 2or3: Ba"ta/ Boo30, 19DI?L
K14IL De1eB, Po8", ;emocrac" and Dducation. KDe/ocra %e $% educa %e?L
KNe1 2or3: T8e (ree Pre00, 19DD?L
K14NL Er%30o", Er%3 -? Ked?L, 'he Challenge of Gouth. KPro)ocarea
t%"eretu#u%?L K!arde" C%tB, Ne1 2or3: A"c8or Boo30, 19D3?L
K14DL Er%30o", Er%3 -?, Childhood and Societ". KCop%# r%e $% 0oc%etate?L Ne1
2or3, H? H? Norto", 19D3?L
K147L E)a"0, Lut8er -?, $% Ar"0te%", !eor7e Ked?L, 8utomation and the
Challenge to Dducation. KAuto/at%;are $% 0o#%c%tarea +") /*"tu#u%?L
KHa08%"7to": A0oc%a %a pe"tru educa %a "a %o"a# , 19DM?L
K145L (r%ede"9er7, Ed7ar '?, 'he %anishing 8dolescent. KAdo#e0ce"tu# +"
d%0par% %e?L KNe1 2or3: De## Pu9#%08%"7, 19N9?L
K149L !%";9er7, E#% Ked?L, 'he *ationEs Children. KCop%%% "a %u"%%?L KNe1
2or3: Co#u/9%a U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19D4?L K3 )o#?L
K114L -a/9#ett, C8ar#e0, $% De)er0o", Pa"e, )eneration P. K!e"era %a O?L
K!ree"1%c8, Co""?: (a1cett Pu9#%cat%o"0, 19DI?L
K111L -%r0c8, Her"er '? Ked?L, Inventing Dducation for the >uture.
KI")e"tarea educa %e% pe"tru )%%tor?L K,a" (ra"c%0co: C8a"d#er, 19D7?L
K11ML -oo3, ,%d"eB, Dducation for $odern $an. KEduca %a o/u#u%
/oder"?L KNe1 2or3: D%a# Pre00, 19ID?L
K113L Ne10o", Po8" $% E#%;a9et8, 6atterns of Infant Care in an =rban
Communit". Kode#e de +"7r%<%re a cop%%#or /%c% +"tr6o co/u"%tate ur9a" ?L
KBa#t%/ore: Pe"7u%" Boo30, 19DN?L
K11IL ,a#%09urB, -arr%0o" E?, 'he Shoo<-=p )eneration. K!e"era %a
;dru"c%"at ?L K!ree"1%c8, Co""?: (a1cett Hor#d L%9rarB, 19N5?L
K11NL To&&#er, A#)%"? Ked?L, 'he Schoolhouse in the Cit". KLoca#u# $co#%% +"
ora$?L KNe1 2or3: Prae7er, 19D5?L
K11DL Heer#ee, Duco )a", Fat ;e 6rovoEs Fillen. KCe )or r ;)r t% %%?L
KA/0terda/: U"%t7e)er%< De Be;%7e B%<, 19DD?L (AILIEU,EO K117L Be##, Nor/a"
H?, $% Vo7e#, E;ra (?, Ked?L, 8. $odern Introduction to the >amil". KO %"troducere
/oder" #a &a/%#%e?L K!#e"coe, I##?: T8e (ree Pre00, 19D4?L
K115L (ar9er, ,eB/our, u0tacc8%, P%ero, $% H%#0o", Ro7er -? L? Ked?L, $an
and Civilization. KO/u# $% c%)%#%;a %a?L KNe1 2or3: c!ra16-%##, 19DN?L
K119L (r%eda", BettB, 'he >eminine $"stiOue. K%0t%ca &e/%"%" ?L KNe1
2or3: H? H? Norto", 19D3?L
K1M4L !a#d0to", Ia7o Ked?L, 'he >amil" in Contemporar" Societ". K(a/%#%a
+" 0oc%etatea co"te/pora" ?L KNe1 2or3: I"ter"at%o"a# U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19N5?L
K1M1L !oode, H%##%a/ P? Ked?L, 'he >amil". K(a/%#%a?L KE"7#e1ood C#%&&0, N?
P?: Pre"t%ce6-a##, 19DI?L
K1MML !oode, H%##%a/ M., 2eadings on the >amil" and Societ". KPre#e7er%
de0pre &a/%#%e $% 0oc%etate?L KE"7#e1ood C#%&&0, N? P?: Pre"t%ce6-a##, 19DI?L
K1M3L -u"t, orto" ?, 5er Infinite %ariel". KVar%etatea e% %"&%"%t ?L KNe1
2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19DM?L
K1MIL O79ur", H? (?, $% N%/3o&&, ? (?, 'echnolog" and the Changing
>amil". KTe8"o#o7%e $% 0c8%/9area &a/%#%e%?L KCa/9r%d7e, a00?: -ou78to"
%&&#%" Co?, 19NN?L
K1MNL R%//er, Ro9ert, 'he 5arrad D#periment. KE:per%/e"tu# -arrad?L
KNe1 2or3: Ba"ta/ Boo30, 19D7? 1 K1MDL R%//er, Ro9ert, 6roposition QC.
KPropu"erea 31?L KNe1 2or3: Ne1 A/er%ca" L%9rarB, 19D5?L
K1M7L ,c8ur, Ed1%" ?, 'he >amil" and the Se#ual 2evolution. K(a/%#%a $%
re)o#u %a 0e:ua# ?L KB#oo/%"7to", I"d?: I"d%a"a U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19DIL
"TUDII DE"PRE VIITOR
K1M5L Ade#0o", ar)%", 'he 'echnolog" of >orecasting and the
>orecasting of 'echnolog". KTe8"o#o7%a pre)%;%u"%% $% pre)%;%u"ea te8"o#o7%e%?L
KRaport ,P 31N16444641?L K,a"ta o"%ca, Ca#%&? Corpora %a pe"tru 0%0te/
de)e#op/e"ta#, apr%#%e, 19D5?L
K1M9L Ade#0o", ar1%", 'o4ard a >uture for 6lanning. KC tre u" )%%tor a#
p#a"%&%c r%%?L KRaport ,P6M4MML? K,a"ta o"%ca, Ca#%&?: Corpora %a pe"tru 0%0te/
de)e#op/e"ta#, %u"%e, 19DD?L
K134L Baade, (r%t;, 'he 2ace to the Gear JKKK. KCur0a 0pre a"u# M444?L
KNe1 2or3: Dou9#edaB, 19DM?L
K131L Ba%er, .urt, $% Re0c8er, N%c8o#a0, %alues and the >uture. KVa#or% $%
)%%toru#?L KNe1 2or3: T8e (ree Pre00, 19D9?L
K13ML Be##, Da"%e# Ked?L, 'o4ard the Gear JKKK. K,pre a"u# M444?L KBo0to":
-ou78to" %&&#%", 19D5?L KVer0%u"e de carte a ed% %e% 0pec%a#e ;aedalus, )ar ,
19D7, 9a;at pe #ucr r%#e Co/%0%e% cu pr%)%re #a a"u# M444?L
K133L Bo8#er, Eu7e"e, Dl >uturo, 6roblema del 5ombre $oderno. KV%%toru#,
pro9#e/a o/u#u% /oder"?L Kadr%d: A#%a";a Ed%tor%a#, 19D7?L
K13IL Bou#d%"7, .e""et8, 'he $eaning of the JKth Centur". K,e"0u#
0eco#u#u% M4?L KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19DI?L
K13NL Bro1", -arr%0o", 'he Challenge of $anEs >uture. KPro)ocarea
)%%toru#u% o/u#u%?L KNe1 2or3: V%3%"7, 19NI?L
K13DL Ca#der, N%7e# Ked?L, 'he Forld in C@LA. KLu/ea +" 195I?L KBa#t%/ore:
Pe"7u%" Boo30, 19DN?L KM )o#?L
K137L C#ar3e, Art8ur, C, 6rofiles of the >uture. KPro&%#ur% a#e )%%toru#u%?L
KNe1 2or3: Ba"ta/ Boo30, 19N5?L
K135L De Pou)e"e#, Bertra"d, >uturibles. KPer0pect%)eL K,a"ta o"%ca,
Ca#%&?: Corpora %a RAND, %a"uar%e, 19DN?L
K139L De Pou)e"e#, Bertra"d, 'he 8rt of Con3ecture. KArta co"<ectur%%?L
KNe1 2or3: Ba0%c Boo30, 19D7?L
K1I4L Druc3er, Peter (?, 8mericaEs *e#t '4ent" Gears. KUr/ tor%%
dou ;ec% de a"% a% A/er%c%%?L KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19NN?L
K1I1L Druc3er, Peter (?, 'he 8ge of ;iscontinuit". KEra d%0co"t%"u%t %%L?
KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19D5?L
K1IML Du&&u0, R? L?, 'omorro4Es *e4s. KNout %#e de /*%"e?L KNe1 2or3:
H? H? Norto", 19D7?L
K1I3L Er"0t, orr%0 L?, =topia C@R?. KUtop%a 197D?L KNe1 2or3: R%"e8art,
19NN?L
K1IIL E1a#d, H%##%a/ R?, Pr? Ked?L, Dnvironment for $an. Ked%u#
+"co"<ur tor a# o/u#u%?L KB#oo/%"7to", I"d?: I"d%a"a U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19D7?L
K1INL (ra"3#%", -? Bruce, >uture 6erfect. KV%%toru# per&ect?L KNe1 2or3:
O:&ord U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19DD?L
K1IDL (u##er, R? Buc3/%"0ter, $% c-a#e, Po8", Forld ;esign Science
;ecade, C@?B S C@RB0 6hase I ;ocuments C J A. KDece"%u# $t%%" e% pro%ect r%%
#u/%%, 19DN J 197NE (a;a I Docu/e"te 1 J IL KCar9o"da#e, I##?: Hor#d Re0ource0
I")e"torB, ,out8er" I##%"o%0 U"%)er0%tB, 19D3?L
K1I7L !a9or, De""%0, Inventing the >uture. KI")e"tarea )%%toru#u%?L KNe1
2or3: A#&red A? ."op&, 19D9?L
K1I5L !%90o", To"B, rea<ing in the >uture. KIrup %e +" )%%tor?L KLo"dra:
-odder a"d ,tou78to", 19DN?L
K1I9L !ordo", T8eodore P?, 'he >uture. KV%%toru#?L KNe1 2or3: ,t? art%"C0
Pre00, 19DN?L
K1N4L !ordo", T8eodore P?, $% -e#/er, O#a&, 2eport on a 9ong-2ange
>orecasting Stud". KRaport a0upra u"u% 0tud%u pre)%;%o"a# pe ter/e" #u"7?L
K,a"ta o"%ca, Ca#%&?: Corpora %a R[ND, 0epte/9r%e,? 19DI?L
K1N1L !ro00, Bertra/ ?, Space-'ime and 6ost-Industrial Societ".
K,oc%etatea po0t6%"du0tr%a# $% a epoc%% 0pa %a#e?L K,Bracu0e, N? 2?, a:1e##
!raduate ,c8oo#, ,Bracu0e U"%)er0%tB? Co/parat%)e Ad/%"%0trat%o" !roup
Occa0%o"a# Paper, /a%, 19DD?L
K1NML !u/uc%o, ar%a"o B?, 9os ;ias Tue %endran. K'%#e#e ce )or )e"%?L
KCaraca0: o"te A)%#a Ed%tore0, 19D5?L
K1N3L -e%#9ro"er, Ro9ert, 'he >uture as 5istor". KV%%toru# ca trecut?L KNe1
2or3: !ro)e Pre00, 19N9?L
K1NIL -e#/er, O#a&, !ordo", T8eodore P,? E";er, ,e#1B", De Br%7ard, R*u#,
$% Roc89ert, R%c8ard, ;evelopment of 9ong-2ange >orecasting $ethods for
Connecticut. KDe;)o#tarea /etode#or de pre)%;%u"e pe ter/e" #u"7 +"
Co""ect%cut?L K%dd#eto1", Co""?: I"0t%tutu# pe"tru $t%%" e#e )%%toru#u%,
0epte/9r%e, 19D9?L
K1NNL -e#/er, O#a&, Social 'echnolog". KTe8"o#o7%e 0oc%a# ?L KNe1 2or3:
Ba0%c Boo30, 19DD?L
K1NDL -e#to", RoB, Sold (ut to the >uture. KV*"dut )%%toru#u%?L KNe1 2or3:
-arper Z Ro1, 193N?L
K1N7L Pa"t0c8, Er%c8, 'echnological >orecasting in 6erspective. KPre)%;%u"e
te8"o#o7%c +" per0pect%) ?L KPar%0 OECD, octo/9r%e, 19DD?L
K1N5L Pu"73, Ro9ert, 'omorro4 is 8lread" 5ere. K'%ua de /*%"e a $% 0o0%tL
KNe1 2or3: ,%/o" a"d ,r8u0ter, 19NI?L
K1N9L .a8", -er/a", $% H%e"er, A"t8o"B P?, 'he Gear JKKK. KA"u# M444?L
KNe1 2or3: ac/%##a", 19D7?L
K1D4L .o0te#a"et;, R%c8ard Ked?L, e"ond 9eft and 2ight. KD%"co#o de
0t*"7a $% dreapta?L KNe1 2or3: H%##%a/ orro1 19D5?L
K1D1L Le1%"0o8", R%c8ard, Science, 6rophec" and 6rediction. Kt%%" ,
pro&e %e $% pre)%;%u"e?L K!ree"1%c8, Co""? (a1cett, 19DM?L
K1DML Lo1? A? ?, FhatEs the Forld Corning 'o: K,pre ce 0e +"dreapt
#u/eaAL KNe1 2or3: P? B? L%pp%"cott, 19N1?L
K1D3L Lu"d9er7, (erd%"a"d, 'he Corning Forld 'ransformation.
KTra"0&or/area )%%toare a #u/%%?L K!arde" C%tB? N? 2?: Dou9#edaB, 19D3?L
K1DIL c-a#e, Po8" 'he >uture of the >uture, KV%%toru# )%%toru#u%?L KNe1
2or3: !eor7e Bra;%##er, 19D9?L
K1DNL are3, .urt H?, Gestermorro4. KIer%6/*%"e?L KNe1 2or3: A#&red A?
."op&, 19D1?L
K1DDL eda1ar, P? B?, 'he >uture of $an. KV%%toru# o/u#u%?L KNe1 2or3:
Ne1 A/er%ca" L%9rarB, 19N9?L
K1D7L %c8ae#, Do"a#d N?, 'he =nprepared Societ". K,oc%etatea
"epre7 t%t ?L KNe1 2or3: Ba0%c Boo30, 3 9D5?L
K1D5L Pau1e#0, Lou%0, $% Ber7%er, PacYue0, 'he $orning of the $agicians.
KD%/%"ea a /a7%c%e"%#or?L KNe1 2or3: ,te%" Z DaB, 19D3?L
K1D9L Pecce%, Aure#%o, 'he Chasm 8head KA9%0u# )%%toru#u%?L KLo"do":
ac/%##a", 19D9?L 4 74L P#att, Po8" Rader, 'he Step to $an. KCa#ea c tre o/?L
KNe1 2or3: Po8" H%#eB, 19DD?L
K171L Po#a3, (red L?, 'he Image of the >uture. KI/a7%"ea )%%toru#u%?L KNe1
2or3: Ocea"a Pu9#%cat%o"0, 19D1?L KM )o#?L
KCRJL R%t"er, Peter, 'he Societ" of Space. K,oc%etatea 0pa %a# ?L KNe1
2or3: ac/%##a", 19D1?L
K173L Rod1%", L#oBd Ked?L, 'he >uture $etropolis. KV%%toarea /etropo# ?L
KNe1 2or3: !eor7e Bra;%##er, 19D1?L
K17IL ,8%"", Ro7er L?, 'angled Forld. KLu/ea ;dru"c%"at ?L KNe1 2or3:
C8ar#e0 ,cr%9"erC0 ,o"0, 19DN?L
K17NL T8o/0o", !eor7e, 'he >oreseeable >uture. KV%%toru# pre)%;%9%#?L
KNe1 2or3: V%3%"7, 19D4?L
K17DL V%c3er0, !eo&&reB, %alue S"stems and Social 6rocess. K,%0te/e de
)a#or% $% proce0e 0oc%a#e?L KNe1 2or3: Ba0%c Boo30, 19D5?L
K177L Ho#0te"8o#/e, !ordo" Ked?L, $an and his >uture. KO/u# $% )%%toru#
0 u?L KLo"do": P? $% A? C8urc8%##, 19D3?L
K175L '1%c3B, (r%t;, ;iscover", Invention, 2esearch KDe0coper%re,
%")e" %e, cercetare?L KToro"to: ac/%##a", 19D9?L
K179L J Commission on the Gear JKKK. KCo/%0%a cu pr%)%re #a a"u# M444?L
Hor3%"7 Paper0 KLucr r%L KCa/9r%d7e, a00?: A/er%ca" Acade/B o& Art0 a"d
,c%e"ce0, 19DN J 19D7L KAcade/%a A/er%ca" de arte $% $t%%" eL KN )o#?L
K154L J Dl >uturo Immediato KV%%toru# %/ed%at?L KBarce#o"a: P%a;a a"d
Pa"e0, 19D9?L
K151L J Pro0pect &or A/er%ca: 'he 2oc<efeller 6anel 2eports.
KPer0pect%)e#e A/er%c%%: J Rapoarte#e Roc3e&e##er Pa"e#L K!arde" C%tB N? 2?:
Dou9#edaB, 19D1?L
K15ML J 6rospective Changes in Societ" b" C@LK. K,c8%/9 r% +"
per0pect%) a#e 0oc%et %% +" 1954?L KDe")er: De0%7"%"7 Edueat%o" &or t8e
(uture, %u#%e, 19DD?L
K153L J 'he Forld of C@RB. KLu/ea a"u#u% 197N?L Ke"#o Par3, Ca#%&?:
,ta"&ord Re0earc8 I"0t%tute 19DI?L
8m consultat de asemenea urm toarele publica ii7 K15IL A"a#B0e et
Pre)%0%o" KPar%0L
Lu"ar 6 A"a#B0e" u"d Pro7"o0e" KBer#%"L
B%#u"ar 6 (uture0 K,urreB, A"7#%aL
Tr%/e0tr%a# 6 (utur%9%#% KRo/aL
Tr%/e0tr%a# 6 Pro0pecc%o" ,%7#o OOI KCaraca0L
Nere7u#at 6 Pro0pect%)e KPar%0L
Nere7u#at 6 T8e (utur%0t KHa08%"7to"L
INDIVIDUALI"M
K15NL Broo30, Po8", 'he (ne and 'he $an". KU"u# $% ce% /u# %?L KNe1 2or3:
-arper Z Ro1, 19DM?L
K15DL E##u#, PacYue0, 'he 'echnological Societ". K,oc%etatea te8"o#o7%c ?L
KNe1 2or3: V%"ta7e Boo30, 19D7?L
K157L .ard%"er, A9ra/, 'he Individual and 5is Societ". KI"d%)%du# $%
0oc%etatea 0a?L KNe1 2or3: Co#u/9%a U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 1939?L
K155L .#uc38o8", C#Bde, $irror for $an. KO7#%"d pe"tru o/?L K!ree"1%c8,
Co""?: (a1cett, 19DN?L
K159L a""8e%/, .ar#, S"stematic Sociolog". K,oc%o#o7%e 0%0te/at%c ?L
KNe1 2or3: !ro)e Pre00, 19N7?L
K194L e"a3er, E0t8er $% H%##%a/, Dgo in Dvolution. KE)o#u %a e7o6u#u%?L
KNe1 2or3, !ro)e Pre00, 19DN?L
K191L Oda<"B3, Ha#ter, $ar#ism and D#isten ialism Kar:%0/ $%
e:%0te" %a#%0/?L
K!arde" C%tB, N? 2?: A"c8or Boo30, 19DN?L
K19ML R%e0/a", Da)%d, 8bundance for Fhat: and (ther Dssa"s.
KA9u"de" pe"tru ceA $% a#te e0eur%?L K!arde" C%tB, N? 2?: Dou9#edaB, 19DI?L
K193L R%e0/a", Da)%d, 1%t8 !#a;er, Nat8a" a"d De""eB, Reue#, 'he
9onel" )ro4d. Ku# %/ea 0%"7uratec L K!arde" C%tB, N? 2?: A"c8or Boo30, 19N4?L
K19IL R%e0/a", Da)%d, Selected Dssa"s from Individualism 2econsidered.
KE0eur% 0e#ec %o"ate d%" %"d%)%dua#%0/u# reco"0%derat?L KNe1 2or3: Dou9#edaB,
19NI?L
K19NL ,aB#e0, Leo"ard R?, Individualism and ig usiness. KI"d%)%dua#%0/
$% #u/ea /ar%#or a&acer%?L KNe1 2or3: c6!ra16-%##, 19D3?L
K19DL Te"", H%##%a/, 'he 5uman 8ngle. K=nghiul u/a"?L KNe1 2or3:
Ba##a"Oe, 19D5 L
K197L H8Bte, H%##%a/ -?, T8e Or7a"%;at%o" a"KO/u# or7a"%;a %o"a#L
KNe1 2or3: ,%/o" Z ,c8u0ter, 19ND?L
INFORMA IE = CUNOATERE
K195L Barrac#ou78, !eo&&reB, 8n Introduction to Contemporar" 5istor".
KI"troducere #a %0tor%a co"te/pora" ?L KNe1 2or3: Ba0%c Boo30, 19DI?L
K199L Barrett, H%##%a/, Irrational $an. KO/u# %ra %o"a#?L K!arde" C%tB? N?
2?: Dou9#edaB A"c8or, 19DM?L
KM44L Be##, Da"%e# 'he 2eforming of )eneral Dducation. KRe&or/a
educa %e% 7e"era#eL? KNe1 2or3: Co#u/9%a U"%)er0%tB Pre00, 19DD?L
KM41L Bou#d%"7, .e""et8, 'he Image. KI/a7%"ea?L KA"" Ar9or, %c8?:
U"%)er0%tB o& %c8%7a" Pre00, 19ND?L
KM4ML Bra/, Po0ep8, 9anguage and Scciet". KL%/9a< $% 0oc%etate?L K!arde"
C%tB, N? 2?: Dou9#edaB? 19NN?L
KM43L C8%#de, V? !ordo", Societ" and Hno4ledge. K,oc%etatea $%
cu"oa$terea?L KNe1 2or3E -arper Z Ro1, 19ND?L
KM4IL De C8ard%", Te%#8ard, 'he 6henomenon of $an. K(e"o/e"u# om.L
K*e4 Gor<: -arper Z Ro1, 19N9?L
KM4NL De (#eur, e#)%" L?, $% Lar0e", Otto, 'he >lo4 of Information. K(#u:u#
%"&or/a %%#or?L KNe1 2or3: -arper Z Ro1, 19N5?L
KM4DL E0carp%t, Ro9ert, 'he oo< 2evolution. KRe)o#u %a c r %%?L KLo"dra:
UNE,CO a"d !eor7e !? -arrap, 19DD?L
KM47L !#a%0ter !? A?, Dnc"clopedia of the oo<. KE"c%c#oped%a c r %%?L
KC#e)e#a"d: Hor#d Pu9#%08%"7, 19D4?L
KM45L -au0er, Ar"o#d, 'he Social 5istor" of 8rt. KI0tor%a 0oc%a# a arte%?L
KNe1 2or3: V%"ta7e Boo30, 19N5?L I )o#?
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KM73L C#ar3e, Art8ur C, 'he Challenge of the Spaceship. KPro)ocarea
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VVV
Co#% ed%tur MN,7N?
Co#% t%par M1,N4
Bu" de t%par 1M dece/9r%e 1973
Ap rut J dece/9r%e 1973
Bucure$t%
Repu9#%ca ,oc%a#%0t Ro/*"%a