Asist. Univ. dr. Luana Macovei PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com simptome l osteo-articulare: durere, redoare articular, tumefiere articular, impoten# func#ional; l musculare: scderea for#ei musculare, l musculare: scderea for#ei musculare, mialgii; l neurologice: durere, parestezii, deficit motor; l nespecifice; l specifice; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea l sediul durerii l caracterul durerii l durata durerii l durata durerii l debutul durerii l evoluia durerii l factori precipitai !i/sau agravani ai durerii l factori care amelioreaz$ durerea l alte particularit$i ale durerii PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Sediul durerii l Articular l Periarticular l Periarticular l Entezelor l Osos l Muscular l Generalizat$/difuz$ l Visceral l Nerv PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Sediul durerii articulare l articula ii periferice (membre superioare i (membre superioare i inferioare) l axial (artic. SI, discovertebrale i IAP); PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea articular periferic l numrul de articulaii interesate 1. o articula#ie-monoarticular, 2. ntre 2-4 articula#ii-oligoarticular, 3. > 5 articula#ii-poliarticular l tipul de articula#ii interesate si distributia afectarii: - articula#ii mici, medii, mari simetric / asimetric PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Tipul de articula ii interesate n diferite boli simetric asimetric articula ii mici MCF, IFP, MTF PR, LES IFD Aps IFP, IFD poliartroz IFP, IFD artrit reactiv IFP sarcoidoz, gut C-MC I - rizartroz IFP, IFD poliartroz MCF2,3- hemocromatoz C-MC I - rizartroz articula ii medii RC, TT, coate - PR, LES, sarcoidoz RC, TT, coate- artrita psoriazic, artrita reactiv, gut, RAA articula ii mari umeri, CF, genunchi PR, CF, genunchi - artroza primitiv CF, genunchi ONA, artroz secundar, sinovit vilonodular, spondilartrite RAA PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Caracterul durerii articulare l caracterul durerii articulare: 1. mecanic: durerea care se exacerbeaz la mi$care $i se amelioreaz cu repausul; Artroza Discopatii amelioreaz cu repausul; 2. inflamator: durerea care se exacerbeaz n repaus $i se amelioreaz cu mi$carea; 3. permanent sau mixt: durerea este prezent att n repaus ct i la mi care, uneori cu accentuare n repaus (nocturn) - n afec iuni de tip inflamator sau n timpului mi crii - n afec iuni de tip degenerativ; PR, LES, SD, gut!, artrita infecioas!, spondilartrite, etc. PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Caracterul durerii articulare periferice 1. aditiv: durere la o nou articula ie nainte ca afectarea celei precedente s fie ameliorat; PR, artrita psoriazic, artrita reactiv, LES, artroza s fie ameliorat; 2. intermitent/episodica: durere articular separat de intervale libere, asimptomatice; 3. migrator: durere la o noua articula ie dupa ameliorarea celei precedente. gut, pseudogut, sarcoidoz, b. Lyme, FMF hidartroza intermitent, RAA, artrita viral (VHB) artrita gonococica, LES PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durata durerii articulare l sub 6 s!pt!mni = durere acut: rubor, calor, tumor, functio lesa = artrita acut (n artrita lesa = artrita acut (n artrita infec ioas, gut, pseudogut, etc.) l peste 6 s!pt!mni = durere cronic: tumefiere, redoare $i/sau impoten# func#ional = artrita cronic (PR, LES, spondilartrite, artroza, ONA, etc). PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Redoarea articular! l reprezint senza#ia de n#epenire articular ce apare dup o perioad de imobilizare. l durat! $30 min: afec#iuni de tip inflamator (PR, LES, spondilartrite, etc) l durata %15 min: afec#iuni de tip degenerativ (artroz). PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Tumefierea articular!: l Artrit!: epan$amentul articular mre$te global articula#ia $i este nso#it de limitarea mobilit#ii active/pasive; active/pasive; l afec#iuni inflamatorii periarticulare (bursit!/tenosinovit!): tumefierea este relativ bine localizat $i nu afecteaz mobilitatea articular pasiv; l tumefierea de prti moi non-articular (celulita/tromboflebita): tumefierea dep$este limitele articulare $i asociaz semne clinice specifice; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea articular axial/vertebrala l sediul: sacrat, lombo-sacrat, lombar, dorsal, cervical l caracterul: mecanic / inflamator / permanent-mixt l iradierea 1. sistematizat! (respectarea unui dermatom) - n caz de conflict disco-radicular; !!! pe fa a posterioar$ coapsa pna la nivelul spa iului popliteu, alternant sciatica n bascul$/ durere fesiera alternanta n spondilartrite; 2. nesistematizat! (f!r! respectarea unui dermatom). PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com debutul durerii articulare l brusc, acut: gut, artrita infec#ioas, posttraumatic, lombosciatica posttraumatic, lombosciatica l insidios: PR, LES, artroz,ONA etc.; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com evolu#ia durerii articulare l acut: artrita infec#ioas, gut; l cronic: artroz, PR, spondilartrite; l intermitent: gut, pseudogut; l migrator: RAA, sarcoidoz-form acut, artrita viral, artrita gonococic, boala Lyme; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com factori precipita#i $i/sau agravan#i ai durerii articulare l efortul fizic, frigul, umezeala, ortostatismul prelungit n afec#iuni de tip prelungit n afec#iuni de tip degenerativ/mecanic l repausul n afec#iuni de tip inflamator; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com factori care amelioreaz durerea articular l repausul, AINS n afec#iuni de tip degenerativ l mi carea, AINS i CS n afec#iuni de tip inflamator; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea periarticular l origine n structurile anatomice din jurul articula iei (tendon, articula iei (tendon, bursa, ligament, capsul); l are caracter mecanic l este accentuat de mi carea activ i rezistiv n timp ce mi carea pasiv nu o influen eaz PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea articulara vs periarticulara ARTICULARA PERIARTICULARA DURERE TUMEFIERE MOBILITATEA profunda, difuza localizata rar activa dureroasa in anumite planuri/rezistiva accentueaza frecvent activa+pasiva limitata dureroasa toate planurile PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea de la nivelul entezelor l durere la locul de inser#ie pe os al ligamentelor, ligamentelor, tendoanelor, capsulei articulare - n spondilartrite, dislipidemii PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea osoasa l are caracter continuu, l are caracter continuu, nocturn, profund, difuz, fr legtur cu mi carea; l este localizat frecvent la nivelul coloanei vertebrale, pelvisului i segmentelor proximale ; neo primitive/secundare, osteoporoz, osteomalacie; PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea generalizata afecteaz diferite pr i ale corpului difuz, imprecis cu sau fr focalizare articular fibromialgie, sdr miofascial Tender point PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea referata l durerea cu ritm necaracteristic sim it la distan de originea anatomic; originea anatomic; l cel mai frecvent are origine visceral (pancreas, stomac, vezica biliar, cord, rinichi, etc.). l examenul ariei respective este normal (palparea i mobilitatea ariei dureroase nu influen eaz durerea). PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Impotena funcional! n func#ie de tipul de afectare articular se remarc mai multe tipuri de impoten# func#ional: mai multe tipuri de impoten# func#ional: l deficitul de mers: gonartroz, coxartroz, lombosciatic; l deficitul de prehensiune: PR; SD l deficitul de ortosta#iune: lumbago, coxartroza avansat; l deficitul func#ional al coloanei vertebrale. PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Durerea muscular! l mialgia (proximal, distal, generalizat) - simptom nespecific, de nso#ire. l sc$derea forei musculare proximal $i/sau distal: miopatii inflamatorii (PM,DM, MI), metabolice , iatrogene (corticosteroizi, statine, fibra i, colchicin, hidroxicloroquin), secundare unor afec#iuni neurologice (lombosciatic, scleroza multipl) sau afec#iuni articulare avansate (degenerative sau inflamatorii); PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Simptome neurologice l durerea neurogen$ - compresiunea sau iritarea unei rdcini nervoase (n sciatic) sau nerv periferic (n sindromul de canal compresiunea sau iritarea unei rdcini nervoase (n sciatic) sau nerv periferic (n sindromul de canal carpian sau ulnar); - caracter radicular, plexal, nevritic, polinevritic, medular, cu caracteristici semiologice specifice; l tulbur$ri de sensibilitate: parestezii, disestezii, etc.; l deficit motor: parez, paralizie de tip periferic (flasc) sau central (spastic). PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Simptome nespecifice - inapeten#a, - subfebrilitate/febr, - scdere ponderal, - fatigabilitate, etc. PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Simptome specifice 1. leziuni cutanate (fotosensibilitate, eritem, noduli, ulcera#ii, etc.) 2. manifestri digestive: diaree, rectoragie (colita ulcerativ, boala Crohn); disfagie distal (sclerodermie sistemic) sau proximal Crohn); disfagie distal (sclerodermie sistemic) sau proximal (polimiozit), 3. manifestri neurologice: parestezii distale sistematizate (sindrom radicular sau mononevrit) sau nesistematizate (polinevrit), 4. manifestri ale glandelor exocrine: xerostomie, xeroftalmie (sindrom Sjogren). 5. manifestri pleuro-pulmonare: toracodinie, tuse, dispnee (PR, LES, PM, SA), 6. manifestri cardio-vasculare: palpita#ii, durere anginoas, fenomen Raynaud, etc. PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com DURERE ARTICULARA ? Cauza non-articulara Traumatism/Fractur$ Fibromialgie Polimialgia reumatica Bursita Tendinita 6 saptamani? Acuta Nu Da Nu Da Tendinita Cronica Caracter inflamator? 1. Redoare matinala? 2. Tumefiere articulara? 3. Simptome specifice? 4. VSH / CRP crescut? ARTRITA ACUT& Infectioasa Guta Pseudoguta sdr Reiter PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Caracter inflamator? ARTRITA CRONICA DE CAUZA INFLAMATORIE ARTRITA CRONICA DE CAUZA NEINFLAMATORIE Numar articulatii interesate IFD, I C-MC, sold sau genunchi interesate? Da Nu nu 1-4 >5 da mono/oligoartrita cronica inflamatorie infectioasa artrita psoriazica sdr Reiter AIJ Osteonecroza Artrita Charcot ARTROZA Poliartrita cronica inflamatorie nu 1-4 >5 da PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Artrita cronica inflamatorie asimetrica IFP, MCF sau MTF Poliartrita cronica inflamatorie Simetrica? Da Nu asimetrica artrita psoriazica sdr Reiter LES Sclerodermie Polimiozita Poliartrita reumatoida IFP, MCF sau MTF Interesate ? Nu Yes PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com