Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Zoltn ROSTS
This paper represents the argument of this collection of articles in the current issue of this journal, dedicated to the
Sociological School of Bucharest founded by Prof. Dimitrie Gusti. Unilaterally rehabilitated in the 1960s, forgotten in the
post-revolutionary era, the Gusti school is analysed by the contributors from a perspective not employed in the past decades,
namely that of social history. The author of this paper emphasizes the fact that this innovative approach of Interbellum
sociology represents an aspect of an ongoing trend which builds a different, more balanced, nuanced and fuller view of
the Interbellum.
Keywords: sociological school of Bucharest, social history, institutionalisation of sociology, feminist movement, social
medicine
De la stnga la dreapta: Sergiu Condrea i viitorii monografiti Paul Sterian i Mircea Vulcnescu
3 >>>
D. Gusti innd o
cuvntare n faa satului
(Drgu 1929)
<<<
Btrnii monografiei n
rndul de sus: D.C.
Georgescu, Xenia
Costa-Foru, H.H. Stahl,
Mircea Vulcnescu,
Constantin Briloiu.
Printele Ion
Zam i soia
(Cornova 1931).
Bal cornovean
(1931).
5 >>>
Gndirea regional
n micarea gustian
de ridicare a satului
Dumitru SANDU
The dominant pattern to present Gusti school of Romanian sociology was to consider it as defined by
the use of village monographs. Tenatives of Anton Golopentia, younger member in the elite of the
sociological school, to use more flexible research tools (reduced monograph, survey, typologies) were
considered as marginal deviations from the mainstream of the group. The article provides empirical evidence
that the regional approach was largely promoted in the Gusti movment starting with 1927. Different forms
of regions were adopted by Henry Stahl and Anton Golopentia, especially, to frame the selection of villages
for monographs or for practical interventions, for data analysis or for understaning specific local profiles of
villages. Two of the basic paradigmes of Dimitri Gusti referring to total monograph and to building social
atlas of the country by monographying all the localities are considered in the paper as creative utopias with
a large impact in the development of Romanian sociology.
Keywords: Gusti social movement, regional thinking, creative utopias, total monography, sociological atlas
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10
sate care nu sunt nici prea mari, nici prea noi, i nici prea n
contact direct cu oraul. n sfrit, care s permit i
prezena, timp de o lun, a unui grup mare de oameni
strini. Se trimite apoi n cercetare o echip, care s cutreiere
regiunea (H.H. Stahl, 1934, pp. 107. Sublinierile noastre,
DS, n italice.).
Algoritmul de alegere pentru selecia satului n
cadrul regiunii este descris tot de Stahl pentru aplicarea
sa n cazul Cornovei din judeul basarabean Orhei: se
face o documentare prealabil; este trimis n teren o
echip format din M. Cotescu i D. Georgescu;
Dimitrie Gusti expediase n prealabil la Chiinu o
scrisoare academicianului tefan Ciobanu cu rugmintea
s ajute echipa n alegerea unui sat vechi rzesc, cu
steni care s se cheme ntre ei Cpitane i situat lng
o mnstire (Diaconu, Rosts, & oimaru, 2011, p.
584); dup discuii la Chiinu i la Orhei cu autoritile,
sunt selectate 44 sate din judeele Lpuna, Orhei i
Soroca; 21 dintre acestea sunt vizitate de ctre echipa
bucuretean i pentru 12 dintre acestea sunt ntocmite
fie de prezentare; ulterior la Bucureti, dup corelarea
tuturor informaiilor alegerea se face ntre Ulmu i
Cornova; acesta din urm este ales n final n locul
Ulmului, care era prea mare (de unde dificultile de
lucru pentru o monografie care voia s epuizeze
complet materialul) i care era i mai naintat pe drumul
urbanizrii sale (H.H. Stahl, 1934, p. 112). Se menine,
n consecin, regula de a alege un sat mic. n absena
unor sate de tip tradiional, aa cum se dorea, preferina
este pentru satul mai puin urbanizat. Dup cum se va
vedea ns la teren, procesul de urbanizare (A.
Golopenia, Golopenia, S., 2002, studiul lui Anton
Golopenia din 1932 referitor la orenizarea Cornovei,
publicat n Arhiva pentru tiina i reforma social, nr.
1-4) era mai avansat dect la oricare dintre satele anterior
cercetate.
Cadrul provinciilor istorice este folosit nu numai n
seleciile pentru monografiere satelor, ci i n selecia
pentru ancheta pe cele 60 de sate (A. Golopenia,
Georgescu, DC, 1941) i n orientarea pentru alegerea
celor peste 200 de sate n care au mers echipele regale
studeneti de intervenie social4. Ilustrativ pentru
modul n care a lucrat Fundaia Principele Carol cu
echipele studeneti este prezentarea succint pe care o
fcea Henri Stahl n legtur cu satele alese pentru cele
12 echipe care au lucrat n 1934: Alegerea satelor in
care au fost trimese aceste echipe sa fcut astfel: in
fiecare regiune istoric5 sa ales cel puin cate un sat,
avndu-se in vedere s fie n numr aproape egal satele
de cmp, de munte i cele de ap (H.H. Stahl, 1939b,
p. 97. Text publicat iniial n Experiena echipelor
regale studeneti n Revista Fundaiilor Regale, 1935/1
ianuarie.)
Regiunea n practica monografic nu este, ns,
numai cadru de selecie a satelor pentru cercetare i
intervenie social. Ea este i cadru de analiz i
interpretare. La Drgu, spre exemplu, n edina de
Concluzii i discuie
Micarea gustian de ridicare a satului a fost una n
care s-a pornit de la cunoaterea de tip monografic
(1925-1932) i s-a continuat, cu intervenia social i
cercetare-aciune prin echipele regale studeneti
(1934-1938) i, pentru scurt timp (octombrie 1938
septembrie 1939), cele ale serviciului social. Progresul
metodologic pe componenta tiinific a micrii
sociale s-a realizat, n esen prin:
standardizarea monografiilor (D. Gusti &
Herseni 1940; H.H. Stahl, 1934),
trecerea de la regionalismul de selecie a
unitilor sociale la cel de analiz a unor fenomene
sau probleme sociale,
adoptarea monografiilor sumare (A.
Golopenia, 1939) ca instrument de analiz regional i
pentru studii de comunitate comparative i pentru
fundamentarea analizelor de atlas social,
promovarea cercetrilor regionale centrate pe
o problem specific precum abordarea devlmiei de
ctre Stahl n Vrancea,
cercetarea prin anchete cu folosirea ampl a
statisticii i a tipologiilor (A. Golopenia, Georgescu,
DC, 1941).
Este adevrat c ideile gustiene de monografie total
i de atlas social construit prin monografierea complet
a rii au avut caracter preponderent utopic prin nivelul
la care plasau ateptrile de metod i rezultate de
cercetare. Ar fi de adugat, ns, imediat, comentariul c
a fost vorba de utopii necesare i fertile (spre
deosebire de o alt utopie, cea a serviciului social
obligatoriu). Ele au fost necesare din cel puin dou
motive. n primul rnd pentru c cercetarea empiric
rural nu avea n anii 20-30, cnd a fost lansat de Gusti,
nicio tradiie de structurare tiinific, de confruntare a
ideilor metodologice i teoretice cu faptele. Accentund
foarte tare pe completitudinea observrii i pe caracterul
sistematic al cunoaterii, Gusti a pus bazele unei
sociologii ntemeiat pe fapte i metod. Din multe
puncte de vedere monografia gustian a fost substitutul
romnesc necesar al Regulilor metodei sociologice n variant
francez, durheimist (Durkheim, 2003 [1894]). Dei
utopice ambele idei de monografie total i de atlas
social bazat pe cercetarea tuturor localitilor, ele s-au
dovedi fertile nu numai prin micarea social-tiinific
pe care au generat-o, ci i prin alternativele care au
aprut7. Monografiile sumare (promovate de Anton
Golopenia ncepnd cu 60 de sate) i de cercetare
comunitar sau regional centrat pe probleme (Henri
Stahl ncepnd cu cercetarea regional a problemei
devlmiei n Vrancea) au fost principalele alternative
care au marcat ieirea din utopia metodologic gustian.
Gndirea regional a fost implicat i n modul de
organizare a campaniilor de aciune social ale echipelor
regale studeneti. n selectarea satelor pentru cele 12
echipe studeneti din 1934, spre exemplu, au fost avute
n vedere att criterii geografice (localizare la munte,
11 >>>
Note:
Bibliography:
12
13 >>>
In this paper I situate, from an organizational and social perspective, womens participation in the sociological
monographic campaigns and in the social intervention activities initiated and/ or coordinated by Dimitrie Gusti. The main
questions that have guided my inquiry are: What are the general social contexts and the contexts specific to social
intervention and to organizational endeavors that contributed to the participation of a significant number of women in
sociological research, voluntary royal student teams that performed cultural action, and in the preparation for the
implementation of the Social Service Law? What are the organizational and social interventionist antecedents that would
better explain the inclusion of some research interests predominantly associated with womens lives and work hitherto
situated outside legitimate scholarly consideration in the sociological examination and social intervention undertaken
by the Bucharest Sociological School?
Thus, in my paper, I first show that womens involvement in studies tackling the living and working conditions of
Romanias poor, especially those of women and children, and in education and social work activities was constant starting
in the second half of the nineteenth century and particularly persistent during the first two decades of the twentieth
century. This fundamental characteristic of womens and feminist organizations from the Romanian provinces and later
Romania, on the one hand, shows that the inclusion of women students and researchers in the Gustian school did not
occur in a vacuum and that there was a history of social research undertaken by women, and, on the other hand, supports
the argument that Dimitrie Gusti took up or, at least, was aware and integrated in his sociological and interventionist system
research topics, objectives and strategies at least in the areas of family, womens lives and work, raring children, domestic
industry previously initiated and carried out by womens and feminist organizations.
The sociological monographic campaigns, the work of voluntary royal student teams and the preparations for the
implementation of the Social Service Law constituted, from the beginning, a part of a broad project of social change
wherein nation building was an essential component. Thus, sociological research represented the scientific foundation,
based on unmediated field investigations, of a set of social activities and interventions that was targeted at the betterment,
first and foremost, of the living and working conditions of the rural population, and, to a lesser degree, of the urban one,
especially towards the end of the 1920s. Conceptually and organizationally, the research and interventionist concerns of
the institutions created and/ or coordinated by Dimitrie Gusti were, on the one hand, influenced by analogous activities
and organizations undertaken in other countries. On the other hand, they were determined by the Romanian social,
economic and political contexts and were inspired by previous social change activities carried out in the territories inhabited
by Romanians. Within these latter approaches, I argue that womens and feminist organizations and activities constituted
an important source of inspiration. This aspect has so far neither been observed, nor examined in the research on the
Bucharest Sociological School.
<<<
14
Keywords: Bucharest Sociological School, history of womens and feminist movements, womens history, history of sociology
in Romania, Dimitrie Gusti
15 >>>
16
18
20
21 >>>
22
Bibliografie/ References:
23 >>>
De la stnga la dreapta:
Elizabeta Constante,
Xenia Costa-Foru,
Mircea Vulcnescu,
D. Gusti,
Gh. Vldescu-Rcoasa,
H.H. Stahl,
Ernest Bernea
<<<
24
25 >>>
H.H. Stahl has repeatedly spoken about the informal, joint editing of the journal Sociologie romneasc. S. Golopenia
points to the facts that (a) from the beginning and until its last issue, the journal was published under the care of a number
of editors, comprised of O. Neamu and T. Herseni in 1936, A. Golopenia in 1937-1942 (helped by F. Florescu, D. Dogaru,
S. Popescu, and with a major interruption caused by the war), and G. Foca in 1943; (b) A. Golopenias editorial activity
is richly documented: he drafted an ambitious Program, wrote numerous editorial letters and spoke of his editorial work
in personal letters sent to many members of the Gusti School; (c) the examination of the journal reveals progressive
contents and format innovations that could not have been obtained via improvisation; (d) even before more material is
discovered with respect to the work of the 1936 and 1943 editors, we can still answer in the negative the question above.
Sociologie romneasc was professionally edited, by a number of sociologists, whose names and editorial responsibilities
were explicitly mentioned and well known among the members of the Gusti School.
Keywords: Sociology, professional journal, informal editing, improvisation
1.
26
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28
30
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32
L-am revizuit pn adineaori i, de ndat ce voi fi lipit seleciei materialelor, a problemelor sau a tematicii
plicul acestei scrisori, voi porni s duc portarului de la numerelor n care apar, pe scurt, concepia de Redactor n
tipografie materialul nou. ntors, m voi aeza s imediat a lui A. G.
plnuiesc cele de spus mine la Seminar. Duminica mi-o
va umple toat scrisul pentru Sociologie romneasc
8. n raport cu acest cotidian al muncii pasionate la
(14.1.1938, RE II, 473).
revista, pe care A. G. o scoate un timp singur, lun de
i scriu azi nu numai ca prieten plin de iubire ci i lun, sunt, de aceea, surprinztoare notaiile devlmae
ca Secretar de redacie terorizat de grija contribuiilor la ale lui H.H. Stahl, pe care nu le-am fi abordat, dac nu
un numr dificil al revistei. Am umblat toate zilele ar avea un caracter sistematic. Acesta a vorbit n repetate
acestea dup colaboratori. Cum n-am avut zile prea rnduri despre revista Sociologie romneasc
bune, cele dou-trei persuadri ncercate zilnic mi luau extinznd asupra anilor 1937-1942 devlmia care nu
toat vlaga. Dac a fi s glumesc, a putea zice c am a definit n fapt publicarea ei nici n anul iniial 1936.
ajuns cioban peste o turm de pureci. Ce de alergare Citm, din Amintiri i gnduri marcnd prin italice
dup fiecare autor! Aa, ajung abia n dimineaa asta, pe pasajele asupra incongruitii crora atragem atenia:
rcoare, s-i scriu i s te rog s scrii neaprat un studiu Tot n colectiv se fcea i munca de tiprire, reuindu-se n felul
de 4-5 pagini de tipar pentru numrul februarie-martie acesta s se menin revista timp de patru ani de zile. Din anul
al Sociologiei, care urmeaz s nfiseze situaia 1937 Golopenia a luat n sarcina sa secretariatul de
satului. Cred c voi izbuti s fac aa ca numrul s nu mai redacie, asigurndu-se astfel o mai bun coeziune a
nfieze numai un sat anume, ci situaia ntregului sector rural fiecrui numr i o axare din ce n ce mai clar pe
romnesc. Vor contribui i dl. Manuila, dl. ieti, Corneanu, probleme de sociologie general (p. 357).
nnoirile aduse de A. G. pe care le-am prezentat
statisticienii [subl. S.G.]. Mai greu e la spiritual. n privina
situaiei sanitare, economice, colare, lucrul se poate face mai sus privesc n fapt nu att sociologia general i
prin cifre. La spiritual am nevoie de ajutorul tu. Situaia nu numai clarificarea structurii revistei, ct mai ales
o tim: o mentalitate rnesc-primitiv n disoluie, multiplicarea temelor de cercetare i reflecia sistematic
minat de atitudinea pozitivist-tradiional, rspndit la rostul materialelor publicate, la impactul lor eventual
prin coal, cazarm, lucrul n ora etc. Vrei s dai tu n nelegerea i transformarea realitii romneti, cu
cteva pagini n care s sugerezi cum magia i incursiuni n politica intern i internaional a
descntecul sunt o rezervaiune, n care atitudinea momentului. C anvergura acestei repoziionri l-a
tradiional-primitiv persist? Ar fi, adic, de artat afectat pe H.H. Stahl rzbete chiar din textul, att de
atitudinea satului fa de magie. Din satele studiate de echilibrat n genere, Amintiri i gnduri n volumul de
tine cred c s-ar putea scoate ceva de felul acesta. / Nu interviuri Monografia ca utopie, minimizarea rolului jucat
te supra, tefanio, de chipul n care-i scriu. Am de A. G. ca Redactor al Sociologiei romneti i, mai
alergturi peste alergturi i economicul mi-a dat pn important, nenelegerea de fond a rolului major al
acum atta btaie de cap, nct n-am precizat nc titlul revistei se accentueaz. H.H. Stahl o prezint ca pe o
la cele trei-patru contribuii de spiritual. Mai cu drag a revist n care tinerii puteau s publice i ei ceva,
lua un tren, s stm de vorb. Dar am de dat attea opinie pe care o regsim vehiculat de muli dintre cei
lucruri pn 1 martie. i voi trimite curnd sumarul cu care scriu despre Sociologie romneasc n zilele
titlurile exacte i o propunere mai precis. Te rog s-i noastre. Citez dou pasaje tulburi:
A cui a vrut s fie aceast revist?
priveti materialul i s te gndeti ce s-ar putea da
Sociologie romneasc? A noastr! (rde). Adic
(25.2.1937, RE II, 439-440).
a mea, a lui Golopenia, a lui Neamu.
Deci Fundaia a fcut-o?
Am sosit la Dej de diminea. Am alergat nainte de
ntmpltor, dar nu era a Fundaiei. Noi lucram n
mas pe la autoriti i prin depozite, s strng toate cte
ne trebuiesc pentru construcia, nsfrit nceput, a numele colii, dar de fapt iniiativa i munca toat a fost fcut
localului Cooperativei din Cian. Iar acum aezat n faa de noi. La care s-a adugat cu prestan i cu acuitate Golopenia.
unei mese de cafenea de marmor i n dosul unei Dar tia au fost. N-a fost nici un fel de redactor-sef, muli ani
perdele n care bate soarele, transcriu o cronic pentru de zile, ci colaborarea cu cine puteam prinde. Era fcut ca s
Sociologie romneasc, ateptnd ora 7 i trenul spre permit tinerilor s publice i ei ceva i s formeze un
curent de gndire n jurul acestor probleme ale satului
Bucureti (9.9.1937, RE II, 457).
romnesc (p. 203).
n scrisorile ctre D. Gusti, A. G. a vorbit, pe de alt
Bine, m-am lmurit cu banii. Dar, ca s scoatei o revist,
parte, n mod repetat, despre plile, mereu restante, ale
revistei, pentru care nainta personal banii necesari n trebuiau pregtite trei numere, cu rubrici cu tot.
Da, da. Pi mpream muncile ntre noi.
ateptarea rezolvrilor bugetare.
nainte n-ai fcut vreo tatonare, cam pe ce colaboratori
nsfrit, Marginaliile redactate de A. G. ne permit s
nelegem, din chiar paginile revistei, raiunile adnci ale putei s contai?
33 >>>
Eram noi trei, grupa asta, care era tab, i veneau, 6. Acest text va fi publicat n seciunea Postume a Operelor
fr s-i solicii, o serie ntreag de oameni care gseau c e complete ale lui A. Golopenia.
7. Mobilizat la Fundaie, H.H. Stahl i va trece doctoratul
interesant (p. 204).
34
Bibliography:
35 >>>
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36
Maestrul i discipolul.
Ipostaze ale relaiilor dintre doi corifei
ai sociologiei romneti:
Dimitrie Gusti i Petre Andrei
D u m i t r u S TA N
Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iai, Facultatea de Filosofie i tiine Social-Politice
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iai, Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences
B-dul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iai, Romnia
tel.: +40 (232) 201000, fax: +40 (232) 201201, e-mail: contact@uaic.ro
personal e-mail: dtrustan@yahoo.com
The Master and the Disciple. Hypostases of the relations between two coryphaei of Romanian sociology: Dimitrie Gusti and Petre Andrei
There are four personalities in the history of Romanian sociology who are almost unanimously recognized as
representative for its identity. The four names that stand out through their written works as well as sociological research
activities are Dimitrie Gusti, Petre Andrei, Traian Herseni and Henri. H. Stahl. As Dimitrie Gusti has been a professor to
the other persons mentioned above, it can be affirmed that he represents a genuine spiritus vector for the entire Romanian
sociology.
This article outlines the particularities of the intellectual relationship between Dimitrie Gusti the professor and his
most valued disciple: Petre Andrei. The attractiveness of this article derives from the fact that it mentions both the elements
that have allied the professor and the disciple, as well as the elements that have irremediably separated them.
Keywords: Dimitie Gusti, Petre Andrei, intellectual relationship, professor, disciple, academic sociology, history of
sociology, sociologia militans, sociologia cogitans, action investigation, sociological monograph
<<<
38
39 >>>
40
<<<
42
Bibliography:
43 >>>
Happening monografist:
la moara din Drgu
(1929).
<<<
44
Cununie
rneasc
(Drgu 1929).
D. Gusti i
muzele
monografiei.
45 >>>
Constantin Briloiu,
H.H. Stahl,
Traian Herseni
alturi de primul adept
maghiar al colii
Gustiene, Gabor Luko.
<<<
46
The sociological school of Bucharest was the pinnacle of interwar Romanian sociology. While on the face of it,
the Romanian sociology of the period under discussion was almost entirely identified with monographic sociology,
inside its field there were several schools, groups or trends advocating irreconcilable theories and unwilling to
collaborate. This explains in part the dim impact of D.Gustis monographic school on the other Romanian, chiefly
academic, centers.
In the case of Cluj, the response of academic sociology to D. Gusti and his sociological school oscillated between
almost complete disregard (Virgil I. Brbat) and critical analysis of sociological monograph in its twofold aspect of theory
and method (George Em. Marica), accompanied by E. Sperantias rather balanced perspective. The latter valued Gustis
extensive program of understanding social reality, emphasizing the new elements it contained in relation to the previous
trends in sociological research, but also recorded the criticism of the method, and concluded that Gustis work was
manifold useful socially and nationally.
D. Gusti and his monographic school enjoyed a better reception among some intellectual circles of Cluj involved in
sociological research. One of them, the group around Societatea de mine journal , distinguished itself by a
sociographic approach and certain scientifically noteworthy results in the field of rural social research. Sociographic research
was conceived as an approach adjacent to monographic sociology. In spite of the fact that I. Clopoel, the mentor of the
group, applauded the monographic paradigm, he suggested and practiced another research approach with a
purposely-asserted applied objective. Thus, according to the group of Societatea de mine journal , far from being a
preamble to sociology, sociography was in fact an autonomous discipline, at the crossroads of sociology and politics.
Whereas this group wished to be independent of D. Gustis school, the group around the journal Gnd Romnesc (edited
by Astra) explicitly adhered to the monographic trend. The group distinguished itself in the field of sociology by the
monographic campaign of Mguri (Cluj county), carried on following an agreement between D. Gusti and Iuliu Haieganu,
the president of the Cluj department of Astra Society. Other less ample researches of the group around Gnd
Romnesc were the campaigns of Borlovenii Vechi and Pta (Cara county), where Gustis monographic pattern was
not entirely pursued due to objective reasons, as well as the field trips in the Apuseni Mountains, with the view to
investigate the social, economic and cultural situation of their inhabitants. Later on, the Social Service Bill integrated this
group in the Cluj Branch of the Social Research Institute of Romania.
In conclusion, we believe that whereas in what concerns his doctrine D. Gusti was perceived differently in various
cultural-scientific centers of our country or even within the same center, the impact of his personality and his monographic
school on social research in the interwar age was obviously positive.
Keywords: D. Gusti, monographic sociology, interwar sociology in Cluj, sociography, Societatea de mine research
group, the group around Gnd Romnesc
48
50
52
53 >>>
Bibliography:
54
Fotografie de grup
din cea mai mare
campanie monografist
(Drgu 1929).
Fotografie de grup a
monografitilor din Runcu (1930).
Printre monografiti se afl i
delegaia unor studeni germani
(n cmi albe cu insigne).
55 >>>
This paper focuses on the lesser known side of Mircea Vulcanescus activity, namely as a polemic monographist, caught
in a moment of general effervescence of the young interwar generation from the beginning of the fourth decade, when
the main monographists were trying to assert themselves in a distinct way and with programmatic articles in newspapers
written for a mass audience, not only accessible to a limited academic research. It is about the polemics caused by his
articles published in Dreapta, whose ideas were perceived as too ruralist by both Peter Comarnescu, representative of
the humanist left, and Mihail Polihronide, akin to the Legionary Movement. The exchange of ideas between these figures
is interesting not only for Romanian interwar history, but also because they touch generally valid and current topics of
social sciences: to what extent one can speak about a linear evolution of human society, or rather, about a plurality of
forms of social existence; which is the difference between the sociological and ethical point of view. The article also brings
new data about Vulcanescus attempt to find a middle way, a rural way, between Marxism and fascism.
Keywords: monographists, ruralism, young interwar generation, fascism, marxism, gandhism
56
58
60
Bibliography:
<<<
62
63 >>>
Exerciiu de recuperare:
Recovery attempt: The sanitary portrait of the village Fundul Moldovei (Bucovina) in the summer of 1928
Very little is known today about the monographic campaign that took place in the summer of 1928 at
Fundul Moldovei, Bucovina. Only a few researchers from Dimitrie Gustis team wrote and published small
studies concerning the campaign in the scientifical journals and magazines of the time: Traian Herseni signed
an article about Person and society at Fundul Moldovei in Arhiva pentru tiina i reforma social, the
same magazine hosted a few pages written by Floria Capsali about Dances from Fundul Moldovei and
Henri H. Stahl published in Sociologie romneasc an article about a A visionary from Bucovina. A
dense and serious contribution, belonging to the anthropologist Francisc Rainer and including the results of
the anthropological study carried out at Fundul Moldovei, was published in 1937, as a tribute to the
International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistorical Archeology, hosted by Bucharest in September
that year. In other words, only four researchers from those 60 who were at Fundul Moldovei in 1928 left
written traces about this campaign. Apart from them nothing, zero, vacuum. One thing is sure, though:
research had been done at Fundul Moldovei, as long as the campaign lasted for a whole month and as long
as the patrimony of Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum in Bucharest includes two files with documents,
belonging to the researchers taking part at this particular campaign. These are partial, fragmentary files,
remainders of what had been studied in the summer of 1928, which only through a miracol could be saved
from the attempt of the communist regime to make them disappear. In 2008, National Village Museum
decided to publish the recuperated documents all of them in a volume: Fundu Moldovei. 80 de ani de
la prima campanie monografic 1928-2008. Given our attempt to identify what had been studied in the
monographic campaigns which took place in the 1920s and 1930s when it came to rural health, these two
files (and, consequently, the volume published in 2008) are a real gold mine. They dont include datasheets
written by the members of the biological team a team with this name existed among the researchers but
they do include equally important documents signed by the entire group of researchers; and those documents
contain numerous pieces of sanitary information. We retrace by means of these archive documents the
state of health of Fundul Moldovei (Bucovina) in the summer of 1928.
Keywords: monographic campaigns, Sociological School of Bucharest, Francisc Rainer, syphilis, rural
health, peasant household, latrines, water supply
Introducere
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Mac Constantinescu n stnga (plrie alb) i Mircea Vulcnescu n dreapta (mbrcat n alb), Fundul Moldovei, 1928
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68
nainte, format din un budi de rchit, adnc de 1 m, pentru gospodarul nostru e c nu sa gndit nc s
construiasc o latrin (Casa e terminat de patru ani!)50.
dar a fost astupat47.
Mai departe, observaii ntre paranteze, nsoite de
acelai semn de exclamare: Podeaua e fcut tot din
Mirrile monografitilor
scnduri late i solide, pe care gospodina le spal
cteodat (cam rar!) cu ap51. i, ctre final, nc un
Cercettorii lui Dimitrie Gusti muli dintre ei repro, cuprins, din fericire, doar n foi: Camera de
profund urbani dau nas n nas, la Fundul Moldovei, dormit n care locuiete familia e mai mic. Are dou
cu realiti rurale care-i uimesc peste msur. Instruii ferestre. Comunic cu camera cea mare i buctria. Ar
cu siguran s nu evalueze cu ochi de orean ceea ce fi mai indicat ca dormitor camera cea mare dar se
gsesc n casele bucovinenilor, unii dintre monografiti pare c estetica trece, n privina asta, naintea higienei.
scap totui incontient sau nu mirri, judeci de Obiectele sunt urmtoarele: 1 pat (dincolo unde nu
valoare i critici n fiele pe care le redacteaz. Aceasta doarme nimeni sunt dou!), 1 lai, 5 licere pe perei
nu-i face mai puin obiectivi; dar le creioneaz un portret (...)52.
de exponeni ai lumii din care vin. S-l lum, de pild,
pe monografistul I. Manta-Roie un domn, potrivit
listei de participani a lui Henri H. Stahl care descrie
Relaiile de concubinaj n localitatea
gospodria lui Chiril Luncan din ctunul Aluni bucovinean. Are primarul ascendentul moral s
(Fundul Moldovei, Poporul de Sus) i care realizeaz, le combat?
printre mirri, o comparaie continu cu familia de evrei
de la care a cumprat casa actualul proprietar: Casa de
Pe lng foarte detaliatele fie ale gospodriilor, din
locuit este, desigur, cu mult cea mai important dintre campania de la Fundul Moldovei s-au pstrat i au fost
cldirile gospodriei. Format la nceput dintro singur publicate n acelai volum din seria Restitutio i fie
odae, tipul de cas veche, ea a suferit ulterior privind tematici anume (viaa administrativ i politic
transformri cari au mrit-o dup nevoile locuitorului, a comunei, nivelul cultural, viaa spiritual-religioas,
un evreu bcan, dela care Chiril Luncan a cumprat-o. familia...). Citite cu atenie, multe dintre ele conin
Actualul proprietar este gospodar mijloca i aceasta se observaii privind starea de sntate a comunitii.
vede n toate amnuntele gospodriei. M mir faptul nelegem, de pild, c existau n localitate, n anul 1928,
c un om, care a stat 7 ani n Canada, care e nsurat cu mai multe relaii de concubinaj; numrul acestora
o nemoaic singurul caz existent n toat comuna, m crescuse mai cu seam dup Primul Rzboi Mondial
mir zic faptul c n timpul anului, dar mai ales iarna, aa dup cum i-a explicat monografistei Olga Hreniuc
vara dormind i prin pod, dorm toi membrii familiei, printele Ion Popovici, unul dintre cei doi preoi ai
patru la numr, ntro singur camer, ce servete n comunei: Predicile dinnainte de rsboiu erau cu
acela timp de buctrie vara i iarna, cnd mai au la coninut moral; se tlcuiau evangheliile. Dup rsboiu
dispoziie nc dou camere locuibile: una cu dou paturi cnd influena adventitilor din Ardeal prinse a se li,
i f. bine luminat i care a fost dormitor n vremea predicile aveau coninuturi de combaterea acestor
cnd locuiau aci evrei i alta, tot dormitor n vremea sectari. Se mai ineau i predici contra desfrului, pe care
patilor la evrei, transformat acum ntr-un fel de l-a adus cu sine demoralizarea rsboiului. Unde nainte
cmar-magazie, cu toate c n cas se gsete i o de rsboiu procentul naterilor ilegitime era foarte mic
cmar propriu-zis n imediata vecintate a acum dup rsboiu e foarte mare. La aceste nateri
dormitorului-buctrie48. Mai mult: Exist dou sobe ilegitime contribue i concubinajul. Muli soi sunt
de crmid: una n odaea curat n care nu fac rtcii, fr s li se tie de urm. Soiile rmase nu se
niciodat foc, dar n care evreii fceau desigur i alta pot cstori dect n urma declaraiei morii soului lor
n dormitorul buctrie, avnd o plit pentru fiert oalele din partea judectoriei. Pn s se dea aceste declaraii,
i un cuptor care se prelungete i n coridorul interior. femeile triesc n concubinaj53.
(...) Curenia interioar las de dorit. Mai ales camera
Interesant e ns altceva: primarul comunei Fundul
n care dorm ei cuprins ntre bcnie, coridor i Moldovei, pe numele su Gavril Frncu, adic acela care
cmar, avnd numai dou fereti: una care d n ar fi trebuit s militeze pentru scderea numrului de
bcnie, alta mic, ce nu se poate deschide i care d concubini din sat, se afla el nsui, n vara lui 1928, ntr-o
degeaba n grdin este murdar, miroase ru, e relaie de concubinaj, nsurat fiind pe deasupra. n aceste
ntunecat i respingtoare49.
condiii, cellalt preot al localitii, printele Ilarion Pavel
La rndul ei, doamna Zoe Claudian probabil soia de la parohia poporului de jos, era convins c
lui Alexandru Claudian, prezent i el n campania de primarul nu putea avea nicio influen asupra
cercetare completeaz fia gospodriei lui Costan a lui concubinilor din localitate; n-avea ascendentul moral
Tnase mpu, din ctunul Arseneasa, cu evaluri pentru aceasta: Tot el [primarul n.n.] trebue s pun
nepotrivite cu statutul de cercettor, dar i cu semne de n vedere celor ce tresc n concubinaj s se cstoreasc
exclamare care s ntreasc argumentaia: O not rea sau s renune la uniunea lor nelegitim. Cu privire la
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72
74
Francisc Rainer soiei sale dr. Marta Francisc Rainer ntre anii
1898-1939, scrisoarea 319.
66. Mihai Pop, Arhiva de folclor... la ura de fn, n
Zoltn Rosts, Sala luminoas..., p. 263.
67. Marcela Foca, Pe vremea mea fiecare era altfel,
n Zoltn Rosts, Sala luminoas..., p. 131.
68. Henri H. Stahl, Amintiri i gnduri..., p. 29.
69. Biblioteca Academiei Romne, Manuscrise, Arhiva
Dr. Rainer, XI varia 3, Copiile scrisorilor trimise de dr.
Francisc Rainer soiei sale dr. Marta Francisc Rainer ntre anii
1898-1939, scrisoarea 319.
70. Mihai Pop, Arhiva de folclor... la ura de fn, n
Zoltn Rosts, Sala luminoas..., p. 265.
71. Gospodria lui Gheorghe Brsan. Fi realizat de
Hersenie Traian, Gabrea Gheorghe, Dosarul I, n Dr.
Paula Popoiu, Fundu Moldovei. 80 de ani de la prima
campanie monografic 1928-2008, Editura Mega,
Cluj-Napoca, 2008, p. 101.
72. Biblioteca Academiei Romne, Manuscrise, Arhiva
Dr. Rainer, XI varia 3, Copiile scrisorilor trimise de dr.
Francisc Rainer soiei sale dr. Marta Francisc Rainer ntre anii
1898-1939, scrisoarea 320.
Bibliography:
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78
On Modernity and Technologies of Nation-Building in the Projects of the Bucharest Sociological School
This article tackles the responses to the crises of modernity and technologies of nation building through the focalizing
lens afforded by the Romanian sociologist Dimitrie Gusti (1880-1956) and the Bucharest Sociological School. Gustis
scientific investigations of Romanias true, organic culture as the basis for directing the countrys subsequent
development illuminates broader phenomena during the first half of the 20th century. First, the endeavors of the Bucharest
Sociological School were part of the widespread quest for the resources and energies of popular mobilization. Second, the
project of bolstering national ideologies with the epistemic apparatus of the social sciences marks a fundamental transition
in the frames of references informing nationalist discourses throughout Europe and a shift towards more sociologically
savvy strategies of nation-building. The cultural integration of the masses into unified nation-states would be justified by
the universal truths of science. My analysis employs a transnational perspective focusing on the village as a privileged
site of nation-building and social reform. The guiding premise is that notions of delayed economic or political development
do not point towards historical exceptionalism. Rather, they are a constitutive feature of the modern condition. I thus
deploy Gustis intellectual and political project as a means of interrogating a longstanding trope of Western scholarship on
Romania: the notion of partial or delayed modernization.
Keywords: Bucharest Sociological School; modernity; interwar Eastern Europe; nation-building; epistemic regimes
Introduction
his article is about responses to the
crises of modernity and technologies
of nation building. I analyze these
matters through the focalizing lens afforded by the
Romanian sociologist Dimitrie Gusti (1880-1956) and
the Bucharest Sociological School. Gustis scientific
investigations of Romanias true, organic culture as
the basis for directing the countrys subsequent
development illuminates a broader phenomenon during
the first half of the twentieth century. In many ways,
the projects of the Bucharest Sociological School were
part of the widespread twentieth century quest for the
resources and energies of popular mobilization. At the
same time, the project of bolstering national ideologies
with the epistemic apparatus of the social sciences
marks a fundamental transition in the frames of
references informing nationalist discourses throughout
Europe and a shift towards more sociologically savvy
strategies of nation-building.1 The cultural integration
80
82
Conclusion
Gustis vision of a quintessentially Romanian rural
modernity was to be achieved through the selective
pruning and scientific modernization of social
tradition. In this sense, his concept of citizen-peasants,
autonomous in their own social domain, yet guided by
intellectual elites, was a kind of ideological fiction. But
the Enlightenment ideal of the autonomous, reasoning
subject, later articulated by liberal-democratic discourses
and incarnated in constitutions, as well in an array of
educational and disciplinary institutions, is equally
fictitious in origin. Both types of subjects are convened
by modernity, insofar as they can devise their own aims
and forms of solidarity. This in itself is a good
argument for dispensing with notions of historical
exceptionalism.
Notes:
84
1991), 97-101.
19. Bucur, 42.
20. Gusti. Opere, vol. IV, 32-34.
21. Dimitrie Gusti. Considerations on the Social Service Law
in Romania (Morningside Heights, 1939), 13.
22. Gusti, Considerations on the Social Service Law, 18.
23. See Ernst Gellner. Nations and Nationalism (Ithaca,
1983).
24. Al. Nasta. Satul Model. Arhiva pentru tiinta i
Reforma Social. Vol. VII, no.1-2 (1927), 63.
25. Gusti. Opere, vol. III, 86-92.
26. Dumitru Amzr. Un Muzeu Social: De la Le Play si
Hazelius la Dimitrie Gusti (Bucureti: Tiparul Universitar,
1937), 12.
27. Amzr. Un Muzeu Social, 8.
28. Gusti. Opere, vol. III, 86.
29. Gusti. Opere, vol. III, 86.
30. Zoltn Rosts. Strada Latin nr. 8. Monografiti i
echipieri gustieni la Fundaia Cultural Regal Principele
Carol. (Bucureti: Ed. Curtea Veche, 2009), pp. 52-53.
31. Gusti. Opere, vol. III, 90.
32. Gusti. Opere, vol. III, 91.
Bibliography:
London: Longman.
Bucur, Maria. 2002. Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar
Romania. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Chickering, Roger. 1993. Karl Lamprecht: A German
Academic Life, 1865-1915. Atlantic Highlands:
Humanities Press.
Chirot, Daniel. 1989. Ideology, Reality, and Competing
Models of Development in Eastern Europe between
the Two World Wars. East European Politics and
Societies. Vol. 3, no. 3, 378-411.
Chirot, Daniel. Ed. 1991. The Origins of Backwardness in
Eastern Europe. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University
of California Press.
Foca, Gheorghe. 1959. The Village Museum in Bucharest.
Bucureti: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge.
London: Tavistock.
Gellner, Ernst. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
Gusti, Dimitrie. 1938. Cunoatere i aciune n serviciul
naiunii [Knowledge and Action in the Service of the
Nation] (vol. I), Bucureti: Fundaia Cultural Regal
Principele Carol.
Gusti, Dimitrie. 1939. Considerations on the Social Service
Law in Romania. Morningside Heights: Columbia
University Press.
Gusti, Dimitrie. 1967-77. Opere [Collected Works] (5
vols). Ovidiu Bdina. Ed. Bucureti: Academia RSR.
Hitchins, Keith. 1994. The Romanians, 1866-1947. New
York, Oxford University Press.
Jowitt, Kenneth. Ed. 1978. Social Change in Romania,
1860-1940: A Debate on Development in a European
Nation. Berkeley: University of California.
Lebovics, Herman. 1992. True France: The Wars Over
Cultural Identity, 1900-1945. Ithaca & London: Cornell
University Press.
Livezeanu, Irina. 1995. Cultural Politics in Greater Romania.
Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
Livezeanu, Irina. 2003. Generational Politics and the
Philosophy of Culture: Lucian Blaga between
Tradition and Modernism. Austrian History Yearbook.
No. 33, 207-37.
Virgil Madgearu. Capitalismul n Rsritul Europei.
[Capitalism in Eastern Europe] Arhiva pentru tiina
i Reforma Social [The Archive for Social Science and
Reform]. Vol. VI, no. 3-4 (1927), 265-281.
Nasta, Al. 1927. Satul Model [The Model Village].
Arhiva pentru tiina i Reforma Social [The Archive for
Social Science and Reform]. Vol. II, no. 1- 2, 58-86.
Ornea, Zigu. 1972. Poporanismul [Poporanism].
Bucureti: Ed. Politic.
Ornea, Zigu. 1980. Tradiionalism i modernitate n deceniul
al treilea [Traditionalism and Modernity in the Third
Decade]. Bucureti: Ed. Eminescu.
Rosts, Zoltn. 2003. Sala luminoas. Primii monografiti ai
colii gustiene [The Light Hall. The First
Monographers of the Gustian School]. Bucureti:
Ed. Paideia.
Rosts, Zoltn. 2009. Strada Latin nr. 8. Monografiti i
echipieri gustieni la Fundaia Cultural Regal Principele
Carol [Gustian Monographers and Team Members
at the Royal Cultural Foundation Prince Carol].
Bucureti: Ed. Curtea Veche.
Rothschild, Joseph. 1974. East Central Europe between the
Two World Wars. Seattle: University of Washington
Press.
Silver, Catherine, Ed. 1982. Frederic Le Play. On Family,
Work, and Social Change. Chicago & London:
University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Woodruff. 1991. Politics and the Sciences of Culture
in Germany, 1840-1920. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Stahl, Henri H. 1980. Traditional Romanian village
communities. The transition from the communal to the
capitalist mode of production in the Danube region.
Cambridge & London: Cambridge University Press.
Todorova, Maria. 2005. The Trap of Backwardness:
Modernity, Temporality, and the Study of Eastern
European Nationalism. Slavic Review. Vol. 64, no. 1,
140-65.
Vulcnescu, Mircea. 1998. coala Sociologic a lui Dimitrie
Gusti. Bucuresti: Ed. Eminescu.
Weber, Eugene. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The
Modernization of Rural France, 1880-1914. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 2004. World-Systems Analysis. An
Introduction. Durham & London: Duke University
Press.
Weber, Max. 1993. Landsarbeiter Frage, Nationalstaat und
Wirtschaftspolitik: Schriften und Reden 1892-1899. Ed.
Wolfgang Mommsen & Rita Aldenhoff. Tbingen:
J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
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The author of the article analyzes the myth of re-establishing Romanian sociology in 1965. After a short review of the
conditions and consequences of distruction of sociology, which followed after a set of measures introduced in 1948 by
the new communist authorities, the author shows and proves that there has actually been two processes of rehabilitation.
During the first (1954-1959) they tried to prudently reinstate monograhism, without exposing too strongly its founder,
professor Dimitrie Gusti and his school of sociology. The author also examines the retrieve of the fieldwork, following
after treading down the first initiative, started by the Institute of Philosophy of the Romanian Academy, in 1962, a process
that has never been blocked again. The author shows that the year 1965 marked the rehabilitation of sociology in Romania,
because that is the year when Nicolae Ceauescu came to power, and needed this additional source of legitimacy.
Keywords: Dimitrie Gusti, monographic sociology, fieldwork, institutionalization of sociology, sociological education,
mythologizing
88
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Concluzii
98
99 >>>
Bibliography:
100
Echipiere ale
Serviciului Social
n timpul liber.
Echipieri
jucnd voley.
101 >>>
Echipieri
la mas.
Echipieri i
echipiere la
hor.
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Publicm n cele ce urmeaz o parte din schimbul epistolar A. Golopenia O. Neamu, care urmeaz s apar n A. Golopenia,
Rapsodia epistolar, vol. IV (n pregtire). Am ales scrisorile privind rosturile i strategiile unei reviste a tinerilor sociologi i cutrile
tineretul interbelic n ansamblul lui.
n 1932, A.G., secondat de O.N., propusese crearea unei reviste a sociologilor tineri numite Anteu. Revist lunar pentru nfiarea i
aprarea realitii romneti, obinnd sprijinul grafic al lui Mac Constantinescu (vezi Sanda Golopenia, Cronologie, n A. Golopenia.
Opere complete, I. Sociologie, 2002, Editura Enciclopedic, p. LVI i schimburile epistolare A.G.-Mac Constantinescu (A. Golopenia,
Rapsodia epistolar, vol. I, 2004, Albatros, p. 310-313 i 487-490) i A.G.-tefania Cristescu (Rapsodia, vol. II, 2010, Editura
Enciclopedic, p. 95). La sugestia lui Mircea Vulcnescu, titlul revistei plnuite devine Gnd i fapt. Revist lunar pentru nfiarea i
ndrumarea realitii romneti. Primul numr urma s fie dat la tipar pe 10 februarie 1933. Proiectul nerealizndu-se, toi cei care mbriaser
ideea revistei (A.G., O.N., M. Vulcnescu, H.H. Stahl, Brutus Coste, C. Noica, Lena Constante, E. Bernea, D.C. Amzr, Emil Buznea
vor publica n revista social-politic bucuretean Dreapta a Centrului Universitar, condus de Traian Cotiga (redactor E. Horescu), pe care
O. Neamu ndjduia s o converteasc treptat ntr-o revist a monografiei. Dup cteva numere, A.G., care publicase n revist sub pseudonimul
George Prigoreanu, i care plecase n Germania ca bursier Rockefeller la sfritul anului 1933, renun la colaborare exprimnd reserve de
principiu i avansnd alternative ntr-un lan de scrisori amicale ctre O.N. n anul 1934, O. N. va abandona la rndul lui revista.
1934 e anul n care O. Neamu ncepe s lucreze la Fundaie, alturi de H.H. Stahl. Doi ani mai trziu, n 1936 (pe cnd A.G. i
ncheie teza de doctorat la Leipzig), dup un prim numr al Sociologiei romneti de care se ocupaser Traian Herseni i Gheorghe
Vldescu-Rcoasa, O. Neamu va prelua cu pasiune publicistic netirbit, munca n cotidian pentru a asigura apariia revistei visate a tinerilor
sociologi. i va sta alturi H.H. Stahl. A.G. i fgduiete sprijinul la ntoarcerea de la studii, care se produce la sfritul anului 1936. Despre
toate acestea vom vorbi pe larg ntr-o versiune adugit a articolului publicat n numrul de fa al revistei Transilvania.
Pentru moment, notm c scrisorile trimise de A.G. sunt citite i de Brutus Coste i V. Rdulescu-Pogoneanu (Pick sau Pichi n varii ortografii)
care ntregesc grupul celor patru prieteni i c, atunci cnd militeaz pentru idei privind revista proiectat, A.G. le scrie simultan Profesorului D.
Gusti, lui Mircea Vulcnescu, H. H. Stahl, D.C. Amzr i altora, ntr-o strategie de nvluire epistolar bine pus la punct. i adugm un detaliu.
n anii 1934-1936, A.G. lucra la un ndreptar pentru tineret pe care urmeaz s-l publicm n A. Golopenia, Opere, vol. III. Preocuparea
plutea n aer, se ocupau de tnra generaie i P. Comarnescu (vezi schimbul epistolar cu acesta n Rapsodia, vol. I), E. Cioran etc.
Textul scrisorilor a fost stabilit cu sprijinul Ruxandrei Guu Pelazza. Am poziionat ciornele nedatate ale lui A.G. innd seama de
coninut. Succesiunea scrisorilor care urmeaz e ns aproximativ (unele s-au pierdut, altele nu au intrat n grupajul de fa, nsfrit ordonarea
pe care o propunem risc s nu coincid cu cea real).
Armm textul scrisorilor cu un sistem rarefiat de note, innd seama de cadrul de publicare i de limitele de spaiu. Pentru detalii suplimentare,
cititorii vor dispune n curnd, sper, de volumul IV i ultim al Rapsodiei epistolare, prin care mi-am dorit s ncheg un cvadruplu tablou: al
pulsrii comunicative, intelectuale i umane, a lui A.G.; al grupurilor i comunitilor de vrst, profesie, provenien regional etc. din care a
fcut parte sau cu care a venit n contact; al colii sociologice de la Bucureti pe durata 1931-1948 a funcionrii ei, pornind de la documente scrise
n cursul acelor ani; i, last but not least, al Romniei, Europei/lumii interbelice, aa cum s-au reflectat i au fost reflectate n viaa unui individ.
Sanda GOLOPENIA
Pages on youth and its magazines in the correspondence between Anton Golopenia and Octavian Neamu
The following pages contain a fragment of the correspondence between Anton Golopenia and Octavian Neamu,
which is soon to be published in Anton Golopenia, Rapsodia epistolar / The epistolary rhapsody, vol. 4. There have been
selected those letters regarding the objectives and strategies of a magazine published by the young Romanian sociologists
in the interwar period, as well as letters reflecting the searches and quests of Romanian interwar youth in its ensemble.
Keywords: interwar Romania, Romanian interwar sociology, magazine of young sociologist, correspondence Anton
Golopenia Octavian Neamu
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104
Drag Neamule,
i rspund i eu trziu cu toate c scrisoarea ta mi-a
fcut mult plcere. Invocnd motivul temeinic pe care
l-ai aezat n fruntea scrisorii tale, a fi fost i eu
sentimental, dac scriam mai degrab. Cred ns c acum
e vremea.
De abia [reuniunea de la] Lwenberg m-a lmurit
complet. Citete paginile trimise3. Scopul lor nti e s
v informeze pe voi. Arat, bine sau prost formulat,
poziia pe care sunt hotrt s-o pstrez.
La ntrebrile tale.
Am nceput prin a accepta combinaia Tillea4. E
nevoie de fapte, cu orice pre. i faptele sunt totdeauna
compromisuri. Nu mai cred aa. Sunt departe de orice
rigorism etic. Cred ns c trebuie s ne pzim
prospeimea. Cazul Pamfil eicaru e un monument n
privina aceasta. Orict de bun romn i de ndemnatec
la scris, tranzaciile ncheiate n toi anii l mpiedic s
spuie vorbele ultime. Iar noi nu vrem s scoatem o
gazet cu tiraj, cetit, ns nu crezut, ci un ndreptar
pentru cei tineri. Acetia sunt ns mai sensibili la atari
contingene. Te uzezi i ctigi o pine (cu stafide,
poate); dar nimic altceva.
n privina propunerii Stelescu5, gsesc foarte
nimerit rezerva lui Brutus. Germania i Italia ofer de
cteva ori opoziia: lupttori revoluionari + intelectuali
radicali/ conductori n tratative cu bancheri. De fiecare
dat (dec[embrie] 1932 Strasser6-iunie 1934) au nvins
cei cu bancherii alturi, nu pentru c i-au avut pe acetia,
ci pentru c ceilali devin fr s prind veste oamenii
revoluiei perpetue, ideologi, i uit fapta cu contingene.
E apoi prea devreme s intrm n joc. Garda e aa de
tnr nct nu poate ajunge n de ea nainte de cel puin
cinci ani. Dac vine cu Nichifori7 i alii, se uzeaz i
n-avem de ce ne lega de ea. Putem dscli mai bine
tineretul nelegai. Putem ctiga ntreg tineretul,
nserndu-ne suntem, cel mult, doctrinari de partid
(uscturi). Deci, pe dinafar.
nfiarea celor dou numere pe care le cunosc?
106
Drag Neamule,
i rspund cteva ceasuri dup primirea scrisorii tale.
Dintr-o cas de la margine de pdure, unde petrec
sfritul acesta de sptmn. Pentru c ncep s m simt
foarte singur, sunt bucuros s pot sta de vorb cu unul
din voi. Apoi pentru c m-am ntremat i a vrea
adeseori s zgli de aci lumea de acas. Iar tu eti cel
mai pornit pe ndrzneli dintre cei care-mi sunt aproape.
nsfrit, pentru c nu vreau s las s se sleiasc
scprrile ntiului cetit a ceea ce-mi scrii.
Contrazicerea, cred aparent, a scrisorilor mele se
datorete celor dou sptmni dintre ele. ntia e n
nota: ar fi pcat s nu apar o publicaie a grupului
Gusti; trebuie s apar! A doua, dup tceri
descurajatoare: trebuie salvat ce poate fi salvat.
Atitudinea mea e ferm, cred. Dei tu ai scris trei pagini
n care contradiciile ei aparente sunt vdite discret. tiu
ns c am ajuns prea pornit ca s rmn explicit.
Iat formularea acestei atitudini. Dac e posibil o
publicaie politic Gusti, i-a da primatul. Dac nu, s
pstrm Dreapta (cutnd titlul potrivit atitudinii
noastre). Dreapta n de noi o vd mai cu drag ca pe
cea subvenionat de cineva, oricine ar fi (ct e
subvenia asta? ct cost la minimum cu ase sau chiar
patru pag[ini] Dreapta? Avem din ce tri toi cei patru,
cinci, ci suntem? N-am putea realiza suma n chestie?).
O accept la nevoie i subvenionat. De vreme ce avem
calitatea refuzului ptima al cptuielii, s tim s ne
107 >>>
108
Drag Neamule,
Am primit Dreptele. i pentru c am avut zi liber,
le-am cetit odihnind ntr-un parc tomnatec, invadat de
vnturi, n fonet de frunze purtate pe alei.
i scriu azi, ca s nu las impresia s se tearg. i
scriu apoi pentru c pricep c Dreapta s-ar putea s
persiste, deloc primejduit de ziarul pe care l-am crezut
posibil. Tcerea tuturor i o scrisoare a lui Ricu Stahl
mi-au gtuit ndejdile unei sptmni bune.
Deci, refleciile mele n faa Dreptei, pentru ea sau
succesoarea ei.
Cele trei numere din urm aduc incontestabil lucruri
foarte bune. n rndul nti, discuia ta a problemei
minoritilor. Apoi, articolul nou al lui Brutus. La
fel Popasul tu n Muscel i Despre Garda de fier a lui
Topliceanu (mi face tot mai mult plcere acest
conbnean). i sunt incontestabil foarte bune notele
tale i ale lui Horescu. Roman i Mateescu sunt, la fel,
colaboratori buni.
Toate aceste contribuii nu izbutesc s capete
greutatea care le revine din cauza aspectului infam de
dezordonat al ziarului, din cauza unor contribuii prea
stngace sau proaste.
i scriu pentru c socotesc c, scpat de armat, vrei
s te ii de Dreapta sau de ziarul pe care-l scoi.
studeneti.
Vezi ncet s gseti cronicari buni pentru crile cu
subiect care ne intereseaz. Deci nu orice; dar, la fel,
sistematic.
Amzr pote fi ctigat, Samarineanu e bun dac-l
zgli s fie viu, i Ionic i Bernea. Vorbete-le de
reorganizare i selectivitate, vor veni bucuroi.
Caut ns s stabileti o unitate. Propune subiecte.
Nu trecei pe lng nimic [din] ce se ntmpl n tineret.
Nu lsa lumea razna. i silete-l i pe Pick s lucreze.
Caut apoi, dintre studenii de acum, elementele
utilizabile.
Brutus s dea un rnd de cronici despre rile vecine.
Pune-l n legtur cu mine n chestia asta. i caut s dai
de urma lui Mihai Pop pentru Polonia i, prin el, de a
lui Ionescu-Nicov, care e la Praga (fost Cuvntul).
Cred c putem aranja chiar i ceva colaborri bulgare,
ungureti, cehe, germane. Cu intenia de a nota
evenimentele lor mai nsemnate n cronici rapide i de a
le face cunoscute n prezentri mai lungi. O alt pagin
pe care te rog s-o gndeti. A avea curajul s-o chem la
via dac a avea un ziar. i lucrul ar fi un aport
capital. Buni romni, s-i vedem pe ceilali cum sunt
buni bulgari ce fac, ce ncearc. Nu scpm altminteri
tineretul de fascinarea de Apus.
Actualitate, sev, disciplin complet n gnd i scris,
asta ne trebuie. Am nceput s bnuim ce e de fcut.
Vom izbuti atunci s ne facem ascultai.
Lmurete ns neaprat chestia protectorilor. Nu
merge.
A fi bucuros ca nceputul tu s nu fie fcut n
zadar. Scrie-mi i conteaz pe mine. i bnete. S tii
c, dac pierzi gndul, l voi relua eu mai trziu. De ce
s risipim ns anii i puterile?
*
Cteva chestii de detaliu. Trimite-mi un alt rnd de
Drepte II. Le-am lsat pe celelalte la Lwenberg. Apoi
trimite regulat Dreapta d-rului Raupach, Berlin C. 2
Schloss Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft;
Schlesische Jungmannschaft, Lwenberg Schles., Boberhaus,
i D-rului H. Popoff, Sofia, Boul. Ivan Assen II, No 1;
Ivan Boldizsr, Budapest V, Visgrdi utca 12 IV; i Dr.
Helmut Klocke, Berlin Ungarisches Institut, Kpfergraben
7.
Planurile tale pentru numere viitoare? Eu voi ncepe
s-i dau mai multe citate din oameni vii de aci, ca notie.
Am cunoscut de curnd grupul Widerstand (naionalbolevici) de la care e o leac de nvat. Am de gnd
s-i dau dup 15 nov. dou articole scurte: unul despre
comportarea fa de Rusia sovietic, altul despre
rnism i industrializare (cum trebue s plecm de la
ar cnd e vorba de dat armatur spiritual i cum lupta
pe frontul industrie-ora-organizare economic e
premisa consolidrii internaionale a Romniei n
sfrit, n antologie ceva din Herrschaft und Plannung a
lui Freyer, funciunea intelectualului n aciunea politic,
plnuirea adec i prezentarea posibilitilor.
109 >>>
Drag Anton,
Foarte pe scurt, dou-trei veti:
1. V[iaa] rom[neasc] cu Marx i Blcescu am
predat-o lui Brutus ca s i-o trimit dimpreun cu
celelalte. Popovici, Goga, Prvan, Ibrileanu, greu de
gsit. Ale mele au disprut la prieteni, iar librriile nu le
au.
2. Mulumesc foarte pentru toate cele trimise pentru
gazet. Interesul tu pentru Dreapta aa precum
prevedeam readuce n jurul ei entuziasme cari o
prsiser.
3. Combinaia Brutus las ca s-i fie expus pe larg
chiar de autorii ei: Pichi i Brutus. Eu m bucur de
apariia ei, deoarece d un avnt nou gazetei i o
organizeaz mai bine redacional, prin colaborarea
regulat a unora din cei cari nu voiau s fie prea activi.
4. Dup rndurile astea scriu cteva lucruri pentru
nemii ti17. Voi scrie simple note crora s le dai tu i
form nemeasc i structura potrivit revistei creia-i
sunt destinate.
5. Avnd n vedere reorganizarea impus de noua
combinaie, Dreapta face o pauz i numrul viitor va
apare la 1 dec[embrie]. De la aceast dat nainte, vom
<<<
110
ROMNIA N 1934
112
Drag Neamule,
Am ieit ieri diminea ntr-un parc apropiat, ca s
ntorc limpede i capabil de a termina dou articole
pentru Dreapta. Revenit, am gsit biletul vostru21.
N-am mai scris nimic. Mhnit i furios, am fost amendat
cu 1 marc, la prnz, cnd am ieit n ora, pentru
clcarea regulamentului de circulaie i perseverare
arogant mpotriva somaiei sergentului. Iar dup mas
am scris cteva pagini vehemente pe care le vei ceti
odat.
Totui tii bine c am stat la ndoial n var dac
trebuie s lucrez din nou la Dreapta i dac trebuie
scoas. Iar zilele acestea m hotrsem s scriu un teanc
de articole, n care s prezint atitudinea mea i s te rog
apoi s nu-mi iei n nume de ru dac, hotrt serios
s-mi obin doctoratul, voi colabora arareori.
Nu e o contrazicere n aceste atitudini, ci simplu
aspecte deosebite ale atitudinii mele. ncerc s le
formulez, azi, ca s-i ajut s scapi de necazul i
scrbirea despre care-mi scrii.
La temelia atitudinii mele st credina c trebuie s
depim sfera vieii n de noi, acionnd n slujba rii.
Firii mele i corespunde o aciune crturreasc i
moral: nu pot fi de folos dect la arsenalul nostru
spiritual. Cred c zglirile profetice nu sunt dect un
fragment al ac[iunii] cult[urale] necesare acum. Dup
ce smulg buruienile i-i pregtesc cum tiu ei straturile,
grdinarii nu i-au mntuit treaba22; trebuie s samene
ceva. Trebuie tras la rspundere lumea, nu sunt de ajuns
articolele de o zi23. (Cred c Nae Ionescu nu va exercita
aciune direct, pentru c el i oamenii lui i cred
epuizat misiunea prin articole de gazet). Schimbri
efective nu vor dezlnui la noi dect cei cu rsuflarea
lung, adec cei care rezist timp de civa ani s scoat,
dup cinci articole de ziar, o carte; mplinind ei nii
postulatele lor. Numai aa pot fi intimidai intelectualii
de azi, buni de articole, dar nu de duceri la capt; numai
aa poi s devii motorul spiritual al gazetarilor mici, al
nvtorilor i al tuturor celor care vorbesc pentru
cinci-zece i o sut de oameni. Aceasta cere rbdarea
pregtirii temeinice. Romnia nu se prpdete n
doi-trei ani; iar noi trebue s avem tria renunrii la
satisfacia prezent pentru jumti de oper n schimbul
operei ntregi, viitoare.
in totdeodat la tine i cvadrupla24 noastr alian
are o nsemntate covritoare n cldirea vieii mele.
Dac ai pornit, nu puteam rmne n urm. Ai vzut
din scrisorile mele din urm la ce tensiune s-a nlat
entuziasmul meu de echip.
Dac lucrurile s-au ntmplat cum m-ai lsat s
Mulumiri pentru ce-mi scrii despre frate-meu i cele
bnuiesc, e vremea aducerii n fa a convingerii mele
intime. O fac cu o oarecare emoie, pentru c gndind bune bieilor.
anii care vin, am cptat sigurana c, ntruct stm cu
adevrat pentru con[vingerile] pe care le mrturisim azi,
noi doi, tu cu mine, vom lupta cot la cot. Brutus i Picki
<<<
114
116
17. I.
Drag Anton,
Eu fa de tine sunt pctos i prin necuviin, ntre
altele. Am neglijat i frumoasa obligaie i prieteneasca
ndatorire de a-i trimite un cuvnt de bun urare la
Crciun i Anul nou. Cnd am plecat spre cas, ostenit
i amrt, cum sunt acum din nou, m gndeam c la
Caransebe, mi voi reveni i-i voi scrie mai pe-ndelete,
mai mult, i-i voi spune de-acolo, cu suflet de
caransebean molcom i linitit, i srbtori fericite i
An Nou fericit! Dar nu i-am mai scris nici de-acolo. n
schimb, am primit acolo mustrtoarea ta ateniune, prin
crile trimise, care fapt m-a fcut s roesc i pentru
cari cri i mulumesc.
Acuma s nu crezi cumva c ast ntrziere epistolar
nsemneaz c eu nu scriu dect atunci cnd am nevoie
s cer articole pentru gazet26, s fac prin tine ndemnuri
asupra prietenilor notri, s cer informaiuni .a.m.d.
Dar e explicabil ca, n condiiunile de atunci,
corespondena noastr s fie mai vie: eram prini toi
118
120
gustieni.
19. n traducere, Privire asupra lumii.
20. Sptmnal berlinez, care a aprut ntre 1933-1935.
21. Nu dispun de bilet, dar scrisoarea ampl lui O.N. din
29.11.1934, care urmeaz, detaliaz ntmplrile care au
dus la retragerea de la Dreapta a lui Neamu i
Horescu.
22. n ciorn se reia: dup ce au smuls buruienile i au gtit
dup cuviin straturile.
23. n ciorn urmeaz o parantez al crei nceput nu e
clar: [] pentru viaa ei de pn acum; nu e de ajuns
ns s schiezi n articole de o zi viaa nou pe care o
socoteti de datoria ei.)
24. n ciorn, quadrupla. A.G. se refer la grupul de
prieteni apropiai compus din O.N., Brutus Coste, V.
Rdulescu-Pogoneanu i el nsui.
25. Episodul e povestit i de P. Comarnescu n scrisori
ctre A.G. publicate n Rapsodia I, p. 204-208.
26. O.N. se refer la Dreapta, care nu mai aprea.
27. Dup Primul Rzboi Mondial, conform Tratatului
de la Versailles, Teritoriul Saar, puternic industrializat,
aflat n bazinul rului cu acelai nume, cu capitala la
Saarbrucken i o populaie de 812.000 locuitori n 1933,
a fost guvernat de Liga Naiunilor ntre 1920-1935,
avnd moned (francul Saar-ez) i timbre proprii. Minele
lui de crbune au fost atribuite Franei. n 1935,
populaia a votat revenirea la Germania.
28. Nicolae N. Popescu a lucrat la Institutul Social
Romn i la Fundaie. Corespondena lui cu A.G.
urmeaz s apar n Rapsodia IV.
29. n Banat i Transilvania, spiie, spahie, spiluc se refer
la un om bogat, proprietar de pmnt.
30. Scriitor i bibliograf, membru correspondent al
Academiei Romne, Emanoil Bucua (1867-1946) a fost
unul dintre principalii colaboratori ai lui D. Gusti la
Fundaiile Regale.
31. Este vorba de concursul pentru catedra de
Sociologie a Universitii din Cluj, care s-a desfurat n
februarie 1936. D. Gusti a fost membru n comisia
examinatoare, iar Traian Herseni candidat, postul fiind
atribuit lui C. Sudeeanu. Vezi D. Gusti, Consideraii n
legtur cu un concurs universitar, Sociologie romneasc,
I (1936), No. 3. P. 1-7.
32. E vorba de plecarea la post ca diplomat. Iniial
repartizat la Santiago de Chile, B. Coste va fi numit la
Legaia romn din Paris n mai 1936. Cf. Rapsodia I, p.
421-425.
33. O.N. se efer la scrisorile din Germania publicate
cu doi ani n urm de E. Cioran. A.G. a scris o serie de
Note germane, pe care nu le-a publicat i care urmeaz s
apar n volumul III al Opere-lor complete.
121 >>>
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122
The epistolary rhapsody: letters sent and received by Anton Golopenia (1923-1950), vol. 3 (Radu Crutzescu - Sabin Manuil)
The text below displays some interesting highlights from the third volume of the din Rapsodia Epistolar: scrisori primite
i trimise de Anton Golopenia. It underlines the importance of epistolary exchange between Anton Golopentia and D. Gusti,
revelatory for monography problems in the second half of the 4th interwar decade and also in which concerns the personal
and professional development between the two. Furthermore, the presence of epistolary exchanges with D. C. Georgescu,
Cornel Groforean and Sabin Manuil, great personalities of the interwar sociology and statistics, and the general importance
of the recoveries from the Rapsodia Epistolar series are detailed below.
Keywords: Anton Golopenia, Gusti School, monographists, social history
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124
126
127 >>>
Echipieri n mar.
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128
Gail Kligman, Katherine Verdery, Peasants under siege: The Collectivization of Romanian Agriculture, 1949-1962
Gail Kligman and Katherine Verderys latest volume, entitled Peasants under siege: The Collectivization of Romanian
Agriculture is a remarcable one in their field of study. Based on extensive research efforts, it is a solid and dense structure,
very rich in data, containing detailed analyses onto which the authors build their arguments, in the end offering a
comprehensive image of the process of collectivization in Romania. The book has two main quests. On the one hand,
Kligman and Verdery follow the way in which both rural communities and the communist party-state are shaped as they
interact in the process of transition from private to collective agricultural property. On the other, they reveal the changes
in peasants identities which are linked to the afore mentioned process.
Keywords: peasants, collectivization, Romania, communist party, cadres, private property, collective property
130
Monografiti la o sear
omagial dedicat lui D.
Gusti (1941). Mihail
Vulcnescu i Octavian
Neamu.
Monografiti la o sear
omagial dedicat lui D.
Gusti (1941). H.H. Stahl
rostind mesajul de felicitare
al monografitilor.
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132
Antonio Momoc, (2012), The political traps of Romanian interwar sociology Sociological School of Bucharest between Carlism and
Legionary Movement, Bucharest, Curtea Veche
The political traps of Romanian interwar sociology Sociological School of Bucharest between Carlism and Legionary Movement express
a political sociology view on the Sociological School of Bucharest, which aims to clarify the relationship between King
Carol II and Gustis School of Sociology, by analyzing both individual and group professional paths of Gustis School
members, in a political context dominated by social issues, political instability and the rise of the extreme right movement.
Antonio Momocs approach is an analytical and comprehensive scientific effort to bring in readers attention an alternative
perspective of the interwar Romania.
Keywords: Bucharest School of Sociology, Dimitrie Gusti, political background of sociologists, political system of
Romania, King Carol II
134
135 >>>
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136
Dimitrie Gusti and his collaborators, CORNOVA 1931, ed. by Marin Diaconu, Zoltan Rostas, and Vasile oimaru
By Quant publishing house Chiinu appeared in 2011 a book of exception, a less common occurrence in publishing
activities. It is editing in a volume of unpublished or published in the magazines of the monograph of the commune
Cornova a group of sociologists in 1931. Among the team was composed of: Anton Golopenia, Henri H. Stahl, Dumitru
andru, tefania Cristescu, Mihai Pop, Ernest Bernea, Traian Herseni, Mihai Pop, Petre tefnuc, Emil Turdeanu, Ion
Zamfirescu, obviously, under the leadership of Dimitrie Gusti. Volume was coordinated by Marin Diaconu, Zoltn Rosts
and Vasile oimaru it contained the entire contents of the studies filed in those years of team members and the monographic
collaborators.
Keywords: Cornova (Bessarabia), Bucharest School of Sociology, monographic sociology, urbanization, traditional
rural economy
Iosif Berman.
Campania de la Cornova a fost ultima din seria celor
clasice organizate de Dimitrie Gusti, a fost nc o
campanie animat, cum afirma Marcela Foca n
fragmentul de interviu publicat n carte, chiar dac nu
mai avea o participare att de mare ca cea din Drgu.
Era i extrem de interesant, datorit faptului c
monografitii s-au confruntat pentru prima dat cu
realitatea basarabean, cu urmrile celor 100 de ani de
regim arist n mentalul colectiv al cornovenilor. Cel mai
mult i-a ocat absena total a portului tradiional
rnesc i a folclorului. O particularitate a campaniei a
fost prezena episodic a Profesorului. Deinnd
preedinia Casei Autonome a Monopolurilor Statului
i n acelai timp fiind director general al Societii de
Radiodifuziune, Gusti venea doar din cnd n cnd la
Cornova, nu mai avea controlul monografiei, ceea ce
provoca dezbateri privind viitorul cercetrilor rurale.
(Altminteri, n anii urmtori monografitii nu au mai
cercetat sate noi, ci au organizat taberele de redactare
de la Fgra.)
Evident, esena volumului de fa o constituie
studiile elaborate de monografiti n urma campaniei din
Cornova. n recenzia de fa vom insista pe cele mai
nsemnate sau cu rsunet mai important.
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138
al echipei monografice.
Ernest Bernea mrturisea ntr-un interviu din anii
80, c studiul intitulat Contribuiile la problema calendarului
n satul Cornova a fost prima lucrare care l-a impus n
cercetarea sociologic monografic. Structura vieii
spirituale i fenomenul calendarului sunt studiate de
Bernea ca elemente fundamentale ale vieii sociale, cu
nsemntate deosebit pentru stenii din Cornova. n
volum mai apare Botezul n satul Cornova, care se
constituie ntr-o ncercare de interpretare sociologic al
lui Ernest Bernea fiind, n fapt, reconstituirea ritualului
de botez.
dependeni.
Ca un studiu fundamental a fost remarcat i cel
realizat de Traian Herseni, intitulat Categoriile sociale
cornovene, mai ales c sistemul arist n care trise aceast
comunitate a impus stratificri necunoscute n Romnia
antebelic.
Constantin Rdulescu-Motru
innd o cuvntare n faa
echipierilor Serviciului Social,
alturi de D. Gusti.
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140
Sanda Golopenia, coord., The sociological school from Bucharest, in Secolul 21, Bucureti, Romanian Writers Union and
Fundaia Cultural Secolul 21, no. 1-6/2012
Secolul 21s latest edition is dedicated to the Bucharest Sociological School, led by Dimitrie Gusti. Comprising the
work of a team of researchers coordinated by Sanda Golopenia, it offers a rich, complex and synthetic image of the
School, with its many dimensions and facets, some of which have never been dealt with before. The group of researchers
involved analyze the Schools sociological theory and practice, its involvement in rural development, its leaders and its
members activity, its impact, its strengths and weaknesses.
Keywords: Bucharest Sociological School, Dimitrie Gusti, members, leaders, sociological theory, research, rural
development, activity, impact
http://www.secolul21.ro/numere/scoalasociologica/imagini/CopertaMare.png
142
144
Considered as the founding father of Romanian sociology, Dimitrie Gustis name is fundamentally connected with this
disciplines evolution in our country. Through his mentorship attitude and reformatory vision, through his influence on
his disciples and the institutions he created, through all actions of social interventions he proposed and all ideological
positions he promoted and also through his administrative and political functions Dimitrie Gusti became one of the
interwar public figures that influenced deeply the Romanian society from that period.
This paper shortly reviews all article included in a thematic item of Sociologie Romneasc (Romanian Sociology)
journal entitled Dimitrie Gusti in the socio-political Romanian thinking.
Keywords: Dimitrie Gusti, Sociological School of Bucharest, rural sociology, ideology, interwar period in Romania
146
148
Note:
The presentation in this article-review focuses on the book titled Dimensiuni social-politice ale operei lui Petre Andrei
[Social-political dimensions of Petre Andreis works], edited by Doru Tompea and Daniel andru, in course of publication at the
Romanian Academy Press. The texts included into this volume discuss Petre Andreis contribution to the development of
Romanian sociology, some aspects of his sociological-political analysis of such phenomena as bolshevism and fascism,
the main landmarks of his theory on the development of the Romanian education system, his manner of understanding
the activity of political men, the social and political elements that influenced Romanias cultural and societal growth, and
the references specific to the anthropological analysis that Andrei applied to the social sphere. All these are approached
from a perspective that aims to identify the connections established between the main directions in his works and the
debates that are currently animating the European area. This is why we believe that this volume may become a very useful
critical tool, both for the historians of Romanian culture and the professionals and students active in the fields of philosophy,
sociology, and political science.
Keywords: Petre Andrei, ideology, social-political dimensions, revolution, fascism, democracy, ideological analysis
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150
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152